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Omicron the New COVID-19 Variant, a Review Omicron新冠病毒变体综述
Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.22401/anjs.25.1.11
Mustafa Abdallh, Amani A. Husain, Israa S. Salman, Rasha Raheem, N. Hairunisa, Husnun Amalia, R. Alsayed, Randa Mohammed, E. Yousif
SARS-CoV-2 virus(COVID-19), the cause of coronavirus disease, has several variations.Some are thought to be particularly important or have been said to be so, because of their potential for greater transmissibility, Virus pathogenicity has grown, or vaccinations against them have become less effective. These mutations have a role in the COVID-19 pandemic's persistence. The B.1.1.529-Omicron variant, found in many coronavirus cases reported in South Africa discovered late 2021, having a surprisingly great number of mutations which raise a concern toward the spreadablity of this variant and severity of illness in comparison to other corona virus variants as well as the effectivity of the available vaccinations. This review summarizes of the most recent information and the answers to most of the world's questions about Omicron.
SARS-CoV-2病毒(COVID-19)是冠状病毒病的病因,有几种变体。有些病毒被认为是特别重要的,或者据说是如此,因为它们具有更大的传播潜力,病毒致病性已经增强,或者针对它们的疫苗接种已经变得不那么有效。这些突变在COVID-19大流行的持续存在中发挥了作用。在南非报告的许多冠状病毒病例中发现的B.1.1.529-Omicron变体在2021年底发现,具有惊人的大量突变,与其他冠状病毒变体相比,这引起了人们对该变体的可传播性和疾病严重程度的担忧,以及现有疫苗接种的有效性。这篇综述总结了最新的信息和世界上大多数关于欧米克隆的问题的答案。
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引用次数: 0
Developing COVID-19’s Vaccines: Short Review 开发COVID-19疫苗:简要回顾
Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.22401/anjs.25.1.10
R. Alsayed
Background. Since humanity is attempting to challenge the COVID-19 pandemic by accelerating the production of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2, there could be opposite health side-effects on the participants and researchers. Materials and Methods: Institutions, governments, companies, and organizations around the world work relentlessly to produce drugs and/or vaccines for this disease; yet none were approved. In this work, we are presenting the technologies platforms, developed vaccines, development challenges, and the under-process vaccines. Results: The recent developments in the diagnosis and types of vaccines were also discussed. Conclusion: Many vaccines were invented to stop COVID-19’s spreading using different techniques.
背景。由于人类正试图通过加速生产针对SARS-CoV-2的疫苗来挑战COVID-19大流行,因此可能会对参与者和研究人员产生相反的健康副作用。材料和方法:世界各地的机构、政府、公司和组织不懈努力,生产针对这种疾病的药物和/或疫苗;然而没有一个被批准。在这项工作中,我们介绍了技术平台、已开发的疫苗、开发挑战和正在加工的疫苗。结果:讨论了近年来在诊断和疫苗种类方面的最新进展。结论:使用不同的技术发明了许多疫苗来阻止COVID-19的传播。
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引用次数: 0
One-Sided Multiplier Approximation of Unbounded Functions 无界函数的单侧乘子逼近
Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.22401/anjs.25.1.07
Raad F. Hassan, Saheb K. Al-Saidy, Naseif J. Al-Jawari
The main objective of this article is to study the degree of best one-sided multiplier approximation of unbounded functions ,( ),[ 1,1]npgLY Y= −by means of the average modulus of smoothness by using sequences of algebraic polynomials Pn of degree less than n, nr+ 1, also in this search we shall prove a direct theorem by sequences Pn and some results.
本文的主要目的是利用阶数小于n, n≤≤1的代数多项式序列Pn,利用平均光滑模研究无界函数(),[1,1]npgLY Y == -的最佳单侧乘子逼近的阶数,并利用序列Pn和一些结果证明了一个直接定理。
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引用次数: 0
An Efficient Method of Classification the Gestational Diabetes Using ID3 Classifier 利用ID3分类器对妊娠期糖尿病进行有效分类
Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.22401/anjs.25.1.09
Safa A. Hameed
Artificial intelligence algorithms have an important and effective role in the medical field, especially in the field of diagnosing diseases. This research focuses on predicting the diagnosis of gestational diabetes by using the Iterative Dichotomiser3 (ID3) classifier algorithm, which is utilized to identify gestational diabetes; it was one of the most significant algorithms employed in this study. Training and testing are two critical phases of the research study. This study employed the Pima Indians Diabetes dataset, which comprised 768 women aged 21 and abovewith the eight reported traits. A feature selection stage, a discretization step, and using the classifier model for producing decision rules are all part of the Pima Indians diabetes data gathering process (Diabetes Dataset). In this study, the decision tree is employed to develop the classifier model, which is based on Diabetes training. The Iterative Dichotomiser3 (ID3) technique may be used to run the decision tree classification process. Diabetes is tested using decision rules, and the classifier implementation confusion matrix was retrieved from the testing portion. The system delivered high-quality results with a 94 percent accuracy rate.
人工智能算法在医学领域,特别是在疾病诊断领域有着重要而有效的作用。本研究的重点是利用迭代二分法(ID3)分类器算法预测妊娠糖尿病的诊断,该算法用于妊娠糖尿病的识别;这是本研究中使用的最重要的算法之一。训练和测试是研究学习的两个关键阶段。这项研究采用了皮马印第安人糖尿病数据集,其中包括768名年龄在21岁及以上的女性,她们有8个已报告的特征。特征选择阶段、离散化步骤和使用分类器模型生成决策规则都是皮马印第安人糖尿病数据收集过程(糖尿病数据集)的一部分。在本研究中,采用决策树来开发基于糖尿病训练的分类器模型。迭代二分法(ID3)技术可用于运行决策树分类过程。使用决策规则对糖尿病进行测试,并从测试部分检索分类器实现混淆矩阵。该系统以94%的准确率提供了高质量的结果。
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引用次数: 0
The Influence of the UV Light on the PVC Sheets Adopted with Some Aromatic Amines 紫外光对含芳香胺聚氯乙烯片材的影响
Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.22401/anjs.25.1.02
S. M. Abdullah, Aseel F.Alwan, Atheer M. Majeed
Adopted PVC with aromatic amines,(dimethyl amino benzyldehyde(No.1), aminophenol(No.2),benzidine (No.3)and 4,4-diaminodiphenylsulphone(No.4) were investigated using UV light source at 340nm. the changing in FTIR spectroscopy for carbonyl and polyene groups was monitored, I(C=C)and I(c=o)was calculated during different period of irradiation time, in addition, the molecular weight of PVC and PVC adopted sheets was obtained using viscosity method. the results show the aromatic amines behave as a good photostabilizer in order: No.1≈No.2≈No.3>No.4. The morphology of the sheets surface achieved by AFM analysis which assigned that the roughness factor (Rq) of the blank, No.2 and No.4 sheets was (Rq=73.0), (Rq=240), (Rq=213) before irradiation and (Rq=180), (Rq=281), (Rq=285) after radiation respectively.
采用聚氯乙烯与芳香胺、二甲基氨基苯甲醛(No.1)、氨基苯酚(No.2)、联苯胺(No.3)和4,4-二氨基二苯基砜(No.4)在340nm紫外光源下进行了研究。监测了羰基和多烯基团的FTIR光谱变化,计算了不同辐照时间下的I(C=C)和I(C= o),并采用粘度法计算了PVC和PVC采用片材的分子量。结果表明,芳香胺类光稳定剂的稳定性依次为:No.1≈No.2≈No.3>No.4。通过AFM分析获得板材表面形貌,得到辐照前毛坯、2号、4号板材的粗糙度系数(Rq)分别为(Rq=73.0)、(Rq=240)、(Rq=213),辐照后的粗糙度系数(Rq=180)、(Rq=281)、(Rq=285)。
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引用次数: 0
Estimate the Survival Function of the Power Lomax (POLO) Distribution by Using the Simulated Annealing Algorithm 利用模拟退火算法估计幂洛max (POLO)分布的生存函数
Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.22401/anjs.25.1.05
Mustafa A. Al-Saaedy, Emad H.Aboudi
In this paper the survival function of the Power Lomax distribution is estimated by two methods of estimation, which are the maximum likelihood method and the moment method. The obtained estimators contain non-linear equations that cannot be solved by ordinary mathematical methods and do not represent the estimations clearly, so a simulated annealing algorithm was used to solve this problem, then simulation was used to compare the estimation methods based on the statistical comparison criterion mean squares of integral error (IMSE) and to get the best estimator for survival function. The results show the preference the maximum likelihood method than the moment method.
本文用极大似然法和矩量法两种估计方法估计了幂Lomax分布的生存函数。由于得到的估计量包含一般数学方法无法求解的非线性方程,不能清晰地表示估计量,因此采用模拟退火算法解决了这一问题,然后采用仿真方法对基于统计比较准则积分误差均方(IMSE)的估计方法进行了比较,得到了生存函数的最佳估计量。结果表明,极大似然法比矩量法更适用。
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引用次数: 0
Association Between Lipid Profiles, Frequency of Thyroid Hormone and Insulin Resistance in Poly Cystic Ovarian Syndrome 多囊卵巢综合征患者血脂、甲状腺激素频率与胰岛素抵抗的关系
Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.22401/anjs.25.1.01
Ziena Youssef Jameel, Mohammed Imran Hamza
The Polycystic ovarian syndrome is a feature of the various menstrual cycles, infertility, hormonal irregularities, and hyperandrogenism. Insulin resistance, lipedema and hyper and rogenism are the most widespread endocrine disorder in PCOS. Most half of women with PCOS suffer from hirsutism, weight gain, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, hypothyroidism, and dyslipidemia. The Aim of the Study is to measure thyroid function, especially hypothyroidism in women with the polycystic ovarian syndrome and its association with insulin resistance. It also aims to estimate the effect of hypothyroidism on the level of each of the following biochemical parameters: lipid profile, glucose, insulin, anti mullera in hormones, sex hormone and thyroid disorders frequency (hypothyroidism) in PCOS. Subjects, Materials and Methods: This study was performed on patients in the outpatient clinics of the Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility Clinic and at the al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital in 2020, and it included 30 (control group) and 70 patients, including 35 euthyroid PCOS and 35 hypothyroidism PCOS (PCOS group),in the age group 15-45 years. Thyroid hormone levels Thyroxine (FT3, FT4) and Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), Luteinizing Hormone (LH), Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Prolactin (PRL), Testosterone, Progestogen, Estradiol (E2),Anti Mullerian Hormones (AMH), Thyroperoxidase Anti Bodies (anti TPO), Insulinwere measured by using a devicecobas e411, and Lipid profile and Glucose by using a devicecobas c311.Results:There was an increase in TSH levels, a decrease in thyroxine, anincrease in lipid profile levels, an increase in the sex hormones levels, increase glucose and insulin resistance which is a sign of diabetes type 2. However, the reverse is noticed in the relation of hypothyroidism on PCOS with weight gain, lipids, insulin resistance, and rogynism and hirsutism. The most frequent thyroid disorders affecting PCOS in this study were found to be autoimmune thyroiditis and hypothyroidism. Conclusions: More than half of the women with PCOS suffer from hypothyroidism, compared to the normal women. As it was observed that dyslipidemia, weight gain, hirsutism, insulin resistance and sex hormones were more in hypothyroidism PCOS women compared to normal control subjects. We also concluded that PCOS and hypothyroidism are interrelated, as the presence of either is a cause of the other and that means the PCOS is more than just oligomenorrhea, amenorrhea, or infertility.
多囊卵巢综合征是多种月经周期、不孕症、激素异常和雄激素过多的特征。胰岛素抵抗、脂质水肿和脂肪增生是多囊卵巢综合征最常见的内分泌紊乱。大多数患有多囊卵巢综合征的女性患有多毛症、体重增加、代谢综合征、胰岛素抵抗、甲状腺功能减退和血脂异常。本研究的目的是测量甲状腺功能,特别是多囊卵巢综合征妇女的甲状腺功能减退及其与胰岛素抵抗的关系。本研究还旨在评估甲状腺功能减退对PCOS患者血脂、血糖、胰岛素、抗苗勒氏激素、性激素和甲状腺功能紊乱(甲状腺功能减退)等生化指标水平的影响。对象、材料和方法:本研究于2020年在al-Yarmouk教学医院的妇产科和不孕不育门诊进行,包括30例(对照组)和70例(PCOS组),其中甲状腺功能正常PCOS 35例,甲状腺功能减退PCOS 35例(PCOS组),年龄15-45岁。甲状腺激素水平:甲状腺素(FT3、FT4)、促甲状腺激素(TSH)、促黄体生成素(LH)、促卵泡激素(FSH)、催乳素(PRL)、睾酮、孕激素、雌二醇(E2)、抗苗勒管激素(AMH)、甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(抗TPO)、胰岛素(ecobas e411)、血脂和血糖(ecobas c311)。结果:TSH水平升高,甲状腺素下降,血脂水平升高,性激素水平升高,葡萄糖和胰岛素抵抗增加,这是2型糖尿病的征兆。然而,PCOS的甲状腺功能减退与体重增加、血脂、胰岛素抵抗、女性化和多毛症的关系则相反。本研究发现,影响多囊卵巢综合征最常见的甲状腺疾病是自身免疫性甲状腺炎和甲状腺功能减退。结论:与正常女性相比,超过一半的PCOS女性患有甲状腺功能减退症。据观察,与正常对照组相比,甲减PCOS女性的血脂异常、体重增加、多毛、胰岛素抵抗和性激素水平更高。我们还得出结论,多囊卵巢综合征和甲状腺功能减退症是相互关联的,因为任何一种的存在都是另一种的原因,这意味着多囊卵巢综合征不仅仅是少经、闭经或不孕症。
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引用次数: 0
The Organotin Spectroscopic Studies of Hydroxamic as a Ligand: A Systematic Review 羟肟配体的有机锡光谱研究:系统综述
Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.22401/anjs.25.1.03
Abdualbasit M. Graisa, Amani A. Husain, A. al-ani, Dina S. Ahmed, Mohammed H. Al-mashhadani, E. Yousif
This review highlighted the analysis techniques of hydroxamic acid (HAs) and Organotin (IV) Hydroxamates. Different isomerism, keto and enol form,as well as, intra and inter hydrogen bonding are confirmed through spectroscopic studies. In addition all organotin(IV) complexes geometries were studied and explained in this review depending on different analysis techniques done by researchers. Our study is not unique but it gives your attention to be more concern if you will deal with these types of compounds regarding to the functional groups, isomerism, structural information and its geometry.
综述了羟肟酸(HAs)和有机锡(IV)羟酸酯的分析技术。通过光谱研究,确定了不同的异构体、酮和烯醇形式,以及氢键内和氢键间。此外,所有有机锡(IV)配合物的几何形状都根据研究人员所做的不同分析技术进行了研究和解释。我们的研究并不是独一无二的,但它给了你更多的关注,如果你要处理这类化合物的官能团,异构,结构信息和它的几何形状。
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引用次数: 1
The Conductivity Parameters of YBa2Cu3O6.5+Superconductor Compound YBa2Cu3O6.5+状超导体化合物的电导率参数
Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.22401/anjs.25.1.04
A. Mohsin, Emad K. Al-Shakarchi
The high-temperature superconductor like YBa2Cu3O6.5+was prepared by solid-state reaction method at calcination temperatures (900 °C). The crystal structure was confirmed using X-ray diffraction, and it was found that YBa2Cu3O6.5+showed orthorhombic phase with lattice parameters (a=3.82030, b=3.88548,and c=11.6835 Å) with space group (Pmmm). The sample was sintered at sintering temperatures (900 °C) for (24 hr). The oxygen excess () was nearly (0.36), which was effective in the appearing superconducting properties. The sample YBa2Cu3O6.86 had a critical temperature of about (92 K). The simulation on the XRD-pattern was necessary to predicate the shape of the unit cell and the position of atoms in the unit cell. The last is very important to find some theoretical date, which are benefit in the predication the conductivity parameters through the sequence's unit cells, which are useful in the conductivity mechanism. This mechanism is depending on the concept of interlayer coupling, so the number of the layers including the unit cell is effective parameter in the conductivity mechanism through the normal resistivity created.
在900℃的煅烧温度下,采用固相反应法制备了YBa2Cu3O6.5+状的高温超导体。通过x射线衍射证实了YBa2Cu3O6.5+的晶体结构,发现YBa2Cu3O6.5+的结构为正交相,晶格参数为a=3.82030, b=3.88548, c=11.6835 Å,具有空间群(Pmmm)。样品在烧结温度(900℃)下烧结(24小时)。氧过量(扩散系数)接近(0.36),这是导致超导性能出现的重要原因。YBa2Cu3O6.86样品的临界温度约为(92 K)。通过对xrd谱图的模拟,可以预测单元胞的形状和原子在单元胞中的位置。最后重要的是找到一些理论数据,这些数据有利于通过序列的单位胞预测电导率参数,这对电导率机理的研究是有用的。这种机制取决于层间耦合的概念,因此包括单元电池在内的层数是通过法向电阻率产生的电导率机制的有效参数。
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引用次数: 0
Study the Dynamics of Commensalism Interaction with Michaels-Menten Type Prey Harvesting Michaels-Menten型猎物收获的共生互动动力学研究
Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.22401/anjs.25.1.08
S. Jawad
This paper suggests and analyses a model consisting of two commensal populations with Michaelis-Menten type of harvesting for the first population. The first harvested commensal species draws strength from the second hosted species. The overall dynamics are provided to achieve the coexistence, stability and persistence of the equilibrium points for the proposed system. The local bifurcation near the positive equilibrium point is attained. Moreover, numerical simulation using MATLAB is investigated to the impact of the commensalism interaction on the behavior of the planned model. The analysis shows that the role of commensalismpr events the first population from extinction, which could be helpful for the survival of both species.
本文提出并分析了一个由两个共生种群组成的模型,第一种群采用Michaelis-Menten采伐方式。第一个收获的共生物种从第二个宿主物种那里获得力量。为实现系统平衡点的共存、稳定和持久,给出了系统整体动力学模型。在正平衡点附近得到了局部分岔。此外,利用MATLAB进行了数值模拟,研究了共栖相互作用对规划模型行为的影响。分析表明,共栖性对第一个种群的灭绝起着重要作用,这可能对两个物种的生存都有帮助。
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引用次数: 10
期刊
Al-Nahrain Journal of Science
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