Pub Date : 2022-04-29DOI: 10.37128/2707-5826-2022-1-7
N. Pinchuk, P. Verheles, T. Kovalenko, Sergey Amons
This article presents the results of studies of the effectiveness of the use of biological products in winter wheat crops. The positive effect of pre-sowing seed inoculation with biological products Azotofit and Help Growth on the germination capacity of winter wheat seeds of the Skagen variety has been established which was 3-4% higher than the control and contributed to an increase in the number of nodal roots by 56% and 50%, respectively, the plant density was 13-9 pcs / m2 more than in the control. In the variants Azotofit and Help Growth, productive tillering was higher by 0.3-0.2 stems / plant. compared with the control, and the infestation of plants by root rot was 6.6-4.7%, respectively. It was established that an increase in winter hardiness as a result of pre-sowing inoculation of winter wheat seeds, which was 93.2-94.5%, respectively, which was 2.7-4% higher than the control indicator and overwintering of plants, which was 546-521 pcs / m2, which 111-85 pieces / m2 more compared to the control. The combination of pre-sowing inoculation with biological products Azotofit, Help Growth and feeding with Organic Balance (during spring tillering) had a positive effect on the bushiness of plants and their productivity, which, in the variant providing for pre-sowing inoculation of seeds with the biological product Azotofit and feeding with Organic Balance, was 580 which is 102 pcs / m2 higher than the control indicator. The use of the studied preparations contributed to the better spring tillering of winter wheat plants and the number of productive stems, in particular, the combination of pre-sowing inoculation, respectively, with the biological products Azotofit and Help. Growth and feeding Organic balance (during the spring tillering period), the number of productive stems is 535-540 pcs / m2, which is 112-117 pcs / m2 more than in the control. The use of the studied biological products had a positive effect on the elements of the structure of the crop, in particular, an increase in the number of grains per spike, the mass of grain per spike and the mass of 1000 grains was noted, which ultimately contributed to obtaining the highest yield of winter wheat, which in the application of Azotofit and Help Growth was 5.64-5.82 t / ha, respectively, which is 0.48-0.66 t / ha more than in the control. When feeding in the tillering phase with Organic, the yield balance was 5.63 t / ha, which is 0.47 t / ha higher than in the control. With a combination of presowing inoculation, respectively, with the biological products Azotofit and Help Growth and feeding Organic balance (during the spring tillering period), the yield was 6.21-6.38 g, which is 1.09-1.22 t / ha more than in the control.
{"title":"THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE USE OF BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS IN WINTER WHEAT CROPS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE RIGHT-BANK FOREST-STEPPE","authors":"N. Pinchuk, P. Verheles, T. Kovalenko, Sergey Amons","doi":"10.37128/2707-5826-2022-1-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37128/2707-5826-2022-1-7","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents the results of studies of the effectiveness of the use of biological products in winter wheat crops. The positive effect of pre-sowing seed inoculation with biological products Azotofit and Help Growth on the germination capacity of winter wheat seeds of the Skagen variety has been established which was 3-4% higher than the control and contributed to an increase in the number of nodal roots by 56% and 50%, respectively, the plant density was 13-9 pcs / m2 more than in the control. In the variants Azotofit and Help Growth, productive tillering was higher by 0.3-0.2 stems / plant. compared with the control, and the infestation of plants by root rot was 6.6-4.7%, respectively. It was established that an increase in winter hardiness as a result of pre-sowing inoculation of winter wheat seeds, which was 93.2-94.5%, respectively, which was 2.7-4% higher than the control indicator and overwintering of plants, which was 546-521 pcs / m2, which 111-85 pieces / m2 more compared to the control. The combination of pre-sowing inoculation with biological products Azotofit, Help Growth and feeding with Organic Balance (during spring tillering) had a positive effect on the bushiness of plants and their productivity, which, in the variant providing for pre-sowing inoculation of seeds with the biological product Azotofit and feeding with Organic Balance, was 580 which is 102 pcs / m2 higher than the control indicator. The use of the studied preparations contributed to the better spring tillering of winter wheat plants and the number of productive stems, in particular, the combination of pre-sowing inoculation, respectively, with the biological products Azotofit and Help. Growth and feeding Organic balance (during the spring tillering period), the number of productive stems is 535-540 pcs / m2, which is 112-117 pcs / m2 more than in the control. The use of the studied biological products had a positive effect on the elements of the structure of the crop, in particular, an increase in the number of grains per spike, the mass of grain per spike and the mass of 1000 grains was noted, which ultimately contributed to obtaining the highest yield of winter wheat, which in the application of Azotofit and Help Growth was 5.64-5.82 t / ha, respectively, which is 0.48-0.66 t / ha more than in the control. When feeding in the tillering phase with Organic, the yield balance was 5.63 t / ha, which is 0.47 t / ha higher than in the control. With a combination of presowing inoculation, respectively, with the biological products Azotofit and Help Growth and feeding Organic balance (during the spring tillering period), the yield was 6.21-6.38 g, which is 1.09-1.22 t / ha more than in the control.","PeriodicalId":7511,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"223 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74883632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-29DOI: 10.37128/2707-5826-2022-1-5
V. Pizhyanov
The state of plantings of species and varieties of actinidia (Actinidia Lindl.) growing on the territory of the Uman National Horticultural University and their suitability for vertical gardening have been investigated and analyzed. It was found that in the green spaces of the university, a significant part was occupied by ornamental trees and shrubs, and plants of promising introduced species and varieties of the genus Actinidia Lindl. were used in landscaping much less common. It has been found out that it is possible to carry out landscaping of the walls of buildings in a short time in a lesser area, as well as isolate individual sections with hedges with the design of landscape gardening structures with the use of plants of new and promising introduced varieties of actinidia and landscape design instruments. The influence of the actinidia plants used in terms of varietal composition on the microclimate of the territory of the Uman NUS was assessed and recommendations were made on the working-out of theoretical proposals for landscaping and agrotechnological methods of growing maternal plants for interior in landscape gardening. It was cleared that the introduced species and varieties of the genus Actinidia Lindl. still remain rare in landscape architecture and forestry due to insufficient knowledge of the biological characteristics of plant growth and development in new cultivation conditions, agrotechnological measures for their own root propagation and cultivation of planting material. It is found that one of the effective methods of propagation of the studied varieties of actinidia in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe Zone of Ukraine is green stem cuttings — by semi-lignified cuttings with leaves. Green stem cuttings of the studied actinidia varieties have a low regenerative ability and are classified as medium-rooted. It has been established that the most important factors inducing the regenerative ability of cuttings and the quality of planting material are the dates of cuttings, the type of cutting and its metamerism, the agrotechnological conditions of rooting, as well as the preparation of cuttings for rooting and methods of treatment with biologically active substances of auxin nature. It has been find out that not all the varieties of actinidia are characterized by high regenerative capacity when rooted by stem cuttings under conditions of finely dispersed moisturizing.
{"title":"FEATURES OF REPRODUCTION AND PROSPECTS FOR THE USE OF INTRODUCED PLANTS OF THE GENUS ACTINIDIA LINDL. IN THE LANDSCAPE GARDENING OF THE RIGHT-BANK FOREST-STEPPE ZONE OF UKRAINE","authors":"V. Pizhyanov","doi":"10.37128/2707-5826-2022-1-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37128/2707-5826-2022-1-5","url":null,"abstract":"The state of plantings of species and varieties of actinidia (Actinidia Lindl.) growing on the territory of the Uman National Horticultural University and their suitability for vertical gardening have been investigated and analyzed. It was found that in the green spaces of the university, a significant part was occupied by ornamental trees and shrubs, and plants of promising introduced species and varieties of the genus Actinidia Lindl. were used in landscaping much less common. It has been found out that it is possible to carry out landscaping of the walls of buildings in a short time in a lesser area, as well as isolate individual sections with hedges with the design of landscape gardening structures with the use of plants of new and promising introduced varieties of actinidia and landscape design instruments. The influence of the actinidia plants used in terms of varietal composition on the microclimate of the territory of the Uman NUS was assessed and recommendations were made on the working-out of theoretical proposals for landscaping and agrotechnological methods of growing maternal plants for interior in landscape gardening. It was cleared that the introduced species and varieties of the genus Actinidia Lindl. still remain rare in landscape architecture and forestry due to insufficient knowledge of the biological characteristics of plant growth and development in new cultivation conditions, agrotechnological measures for their own root propagation and cultivation of planting material. \u0000It is found that one of the effective methods of propagation of the studied varieties of actinidia in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe Zone of Ukraine is green stem cuttings — by semi-lignified cuttings with leaves. Green stem cuttings of the studied actinidia varieties have a low regenerative ability and are classified as medium-rooted. It has been established that the most important factors inducing the regenerative ability of cuttings and the quality of planting material are the dates of cuttings, the type of cutting and its metamerism, the agrotechnological conditions of rooting, as well as the preparation of cuttings for rooting and methods of treatment with biologically active substances of auxin nature. It has been find out that not all the varieties of actinidia are characterized by high regenerative capacity when rooted by stem cuttings under conditions of finely dispersed moisturizing.","PeriodicalId":7511,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85106224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-29DOI: 10.37128/2707-5826-2022-1-3
O. Mazur, A. Mironova
The article presents the results of the research, aimed at studying the influence of doses and methods of fertilizer application and mass of planting material on the formation of the yield, seed productivity and yield structure of potato tubers in conditions of Vinnytsia region. As a result of the researches carried out by us during 2019-2021 it was established that the yield and yield of seed potatoes change depending on a dose and a way of application of fertilizers, weight of garden tubers and variety features. The highest indicators of structure of a crop yield and yield were received on the variant of experience, where on a background of action of the half-digested manure brought under the precursor and phosphorus-potassium fertilizer under the basic potato processing were brought into rows (locally) Nitroammophoska (N45Р45К45). At the same time, the number of tubers under a bush increased from 9.0 to 9.5 pieces and the average weight of tubers from 78.1 to 79.5 g, the yield increased from 38.3 to 41.1 t / ha with increased fraction of seed tubers . At intensification of potato growing the highest rates due to varietal peculiarities of Granada variety tubers yield, the size of which on the greatest transverse diameter of 28-60 mm were obtained on the experiment variant, where on the background of half-digested manure introduced under the predecessor and phosphate-potassium fertilizer under potato, into rows (locally) Nitroammophoska (N45Р45К45). At the same time, the share of tubers of this fraction varied depending on the weight of planting material from 44.9 to 54.6%. On average over three years, the highest yield of tubers grade Granada received on the experiment variant, where on the background of the action of semi-digested manure and phosphate-potassium fertilizer made into rows (locally) Nitroammophoska (N45Р45К45) fraction ˃60 mm - 41, 1 t/ha, which is 32.6% higher than the control (no fertilizer) and 1.5 t / ha more compared to the yield obtained with the same dose and method of fertilization, but with a fraction of garden tubers 28-60 mm. However, when pointing out the yield gains from planting large tubers, it is necessary to mention the cost of planting material. That is, the difference in planting material expenditure between the best two potato varieties in the experiment, the Granada, was 1.85 t/ha. Consequently, the expenditure of planting material was greater than the yield increase we achieved. A similar pattern was obtained for the early maturing potato variety Laperla and the medium maturing variety Memphis. The important indicator of seed productivity of potatoes is multiplication factor, which changed depending on fertilizer, mass of garden tubers and variety features. The highest values of the reproduction factor as for quantitative as for mass value were observed in the variety Granada, on the experiment variant, where on the background of the action of half-decomposed manure introduced under the predecessor and phosp
本文介绍了研究结果，旨在研究在文尼察地区条件下，施肥剂量、方式和种植材料质量对马铃薯块茎产量、种子生产力和产量结构形成的影响。根据我们在2019-2021年期间进行的研究，确定了种子马铃薯的产量和产量取决于肥料的剂量和施用方式、园块茎的重量和品种特征。作物产量和产量结构的最高指标是在经验的变异上得到的，在这种变异的背景下，在前体和基本马铃薯加工下的磷钾肥的半消化粪肥的作用下，(当地)硝基磷肥(N45Р45К45)。同时，每丛块茎数由9.0片增加到9.5片，块茎平均重量由78.1 g增加到79.5 g，产量由38.3 t / hm2增加到41.1 t / hm2，籽粒块茎比例增加。在马铃薯种植强化时，由于品种特性，格拉纳达品种的块茎产量最高，其大小在28-60毫米的最大横向直径上是在试验变种上获得的，在此背景下，在前代下引入半消化的粪肥和马铃薯下引入磷钾肥，(当地)硝基磷肥(N45Р45К45)。同时，块茎所占比例随种植材料重量的不同而变化，从44.9%到54.6%不等。平均在三年内,块茎的产量最高年级格拉纳达实验变异,收到的背景在semi-digested肥料的作用和phosphate-potassium肥料制成行(本地)Nitroammophoska (N45Р45К45)分数˃60 mm - 41, 1吨/公顷,32.6%高于控制(没有化肥)和1.5吨/公顷相比获得的收益率相同的剂量和施肥的方法,但是随着花园块茎28-60 mm的一小部分。然而，在指出种植大块茎的产量收益时，有必要提到种植材料的成本。也就是说，试验中最好的两个马铃薯品种格拉纳达的种植材料支出差异为1.85 t/公顷。因此，种植材料的支出大于我们获得的产量增长。早熟马铃薯品种Laperla和中熟马铃薯品种Memphis也有类似的规律。马铃薯种子产量的重要指标是增殖系数，其变化取决于肥料、块茎质量和品种特征。繁殖因子在数量和质量值上的最高值是在格拉纳达(Granada)品种上观察到的，在实验变异的背景下，在前一代下引入半分解的肥料，在马铃薯下引入磷钾肥，在(当地)行中引入硝基磷肥(N45Р45К45)。与此同时，种植块茎的数量倍增系数为8.3 ~ 8.7，种植块茎的质量倍增系数为7.4 ~ 17.8。结果表明，只有在28 ~ 60 mm块茎比例种植时，其数量和质量值的繁殖系数才最接近，分别为8,5和10,7，这表明仅在该比例块茎重量种植时，种子材料繁殖的最佳比例。
{"title":"YIELD AND SEED PRODUCTION OF POTATO VARIETIES DEPENDING ON THE ELEMENTS OF GROWING TECHNOLOGY","authors":"O. Mazur, A. Mironova","doi":"10.37128/2707-5826-2022-1-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37128/2707-5826-2022-1-3","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of the research, aimed at studying the influence of doses and methods of fertilizer application and mass of planting material on the formation of the yield, seed productivity and yield structure of potato tubers in conditions of Vinnytsia region. As a result of the researches carried out by us during 2019-2021 it was established that the yield and yield of seed potatoes change depending on a dose and a way of application of fertilizers, weight of garden tubers and variety features. The highest indicators of structure of a crop yield and yield were received on the variant of experience, where on a background of action of the half-digested manure brought under the precursor and phosphorus-potassium fertilizer under the basic potato processing were brought into rows (locally) Nitroammophoska (N45Р45К45). At the same time, the number of tubers under a bush increased from 9.0 to 9.5 pieces and the average weight of tubers from 78.1 to 79.5 g, the yield increased from 38.3 to 41.1 t / ha with increased fraction of seed tubers . At intensification of potato growing the highest rates due to varietal peculiarities of Granada variety tubers yield, the size of which on the greatest transverse diameter of 28-60 mm were obtained on the experiment variant, where on the background of half-digested manure introduced under the predecessor and phosphate-potassium fertilizer under potato, into rows (locally) Nitroammophoska (N45Р45К45). At the same time, the share of tubers of this fraction varied depending on the weight of planting material from 44.9 to 54.6%. On average over three years, the highest yield of tubers grade Granada received on the experiment variant, where on the background of the action of semi-digested manure and phosphate-potassium fertilizer made into rows (locally) Nitroammophoska (N45Р45К45) fraction ˃60 mm - 41, 1 t/ha, which is 32.6% higher than the control (no fertilizer) and 1.5 t / ha more compared to the yield obtained with the same dose and method of fertilization, but with a fraction of garden tubers 28-60 mm. However, when pointing out the yield gains from planting large tubers, it is necessary to mention the cost of planting material. That is, the difference in planting material expenditure between the best two potato varieties in the experiment, the Granada, was 1.85 t/ha. Consequently, the expenditure of planting material was greater than the yield increase we achieved. A similar pattern was obtained for the early maturing potato variety Laperla and the medium maturing variety Memphis. The important indicator of seed productivity of potatoes is multiplication factor, which changed depending on fertilizer, mass of garden tubers and variety features. The highest values of the reproduction factor as for quantitative as for mass value were observed in the variety Granada, on the experiment variant, where on the background of the action of half-decomposed manure introduced under the predecessor and phosp","PeriodicalId":7511,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82691165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-29DOI: 10.37128/2707-5826-2022-1-12
S. Razanov, V. Melnyk
This article reveals the results of research on the agrochemical composition of soils released from horticulture (Apple orchard) for the effectiveness of their usage in growing crops in field crop rotation. The research was conducted on Gray forest soils in the central part of Vinnytsia region in the forest-steppe of the Right Bank. The subject of research is agro-ecological indicators of soils that have been released from horticulture of varying degrees of intensity. It was found that in soils used for intensive horticulture nitrogen content of easily hydrolyzed, exchangeable potassium and humus was lower on 37.1, 23.7, 2.9 %, and mobile phosphorus, soil pH, metabolic calcium and metabolic magnesium on the contrary higher on 71.8, 12.8, 19.8 and 8.0 %, respectively, compared to the soils used for extensive horticulture. There is also a certain difference between mobile compounds of chemical metals in the soils under horticulture. The content of boron, molybdenum, cobalt and iron in the soils used for intensive horticulture was lower on 50.0, 32.8, 2.5 and 62.5 % compared to the soils of extensive horticultural lands. The concentration of sulfur was 8.0 % higher in intensive horticultural soils compared to the extensive ones. Characterizing the content of heavy metals-toxicants in soils used for intensive horticulture, it should be noted that the content of cadmium, lead, copper and mercury was higher on 4.0, 6.1, 9.5 and 6.6 %, and zinc is twice lower compared to the soils in extensive horticulture. Analysis of soils released from horticulture of varying degrees of intensity showed that the content of basic plant nutrients needs to be replenished, taking into account the growing need for basic nutrients in soils from phosphorus, potassium to nitrogen. When converting soils used for horticulture into arable land, it is necessary to take into account the measures that maximize the accumulation of soil nitrogen, in particular the cultivation of legumes. On these soils, it is not advisable to immediately grow nitrogen-loving crops, such as corn, winter wheat and sunflower, in the cultivation of which a high amount of this element is removed from the soil to form an optimal harvest. The practical significance of the results is that they will enable them to develop concrete proposals for reducing soil contamination by restoring soil fertility and improving the quality of plant material from cereals grown under exempted horticulture conditions.
{"title":"AGROCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF SOILS UNDER HORTICULTURE ON THE SUITABILITY OF THEIR USAGE FOR THE MAIN AGRICULTURAL CROPS GROWING","authors":"S. Razanov, V. Melnyk","doi":"10.37128/2707-5826-2022-1-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37128/2707-5826-2022-1-12","url":null,"abstract":"This article reveals the results of research on the agrochemical composition of soils released from horticulture (Apple orchard) for the effectiveness of their usage in growing crops in field crop rotation. The research was conducted on Gray forest soils in the central part of Vinnytsia region in the forest-steppe of the Right Bank. The subject of research is agro-ecological indicators of soils that have been released from horticulture of varying degrees of intensity. It was found that in soils used for intensive horticulture nitrogen content of easily hydrolyzed, exchangeable potassium and humus was lower on 37.1, 23.7, 2.9 %, and mobile phosphorus, soil pH, metabolic calcium and metabolic magnesium on the contrary higher on 71.8, 12.8, 19.8 and 8.0 %, respectively, compared to the soils used for extensive horticulture. There is also a certain difference between mobile compounds of chemical metals in the soils under horticulture. The content of boron, molybdenum, cobalt and iron in the soils used for intensive horticulture was lower on 50.0, 32.8, 2.5 and 62.5 % compared to the soils of extensive horticultural lands. The concentration of sulfur was 8.0 % higher in intensive horticultural soils compared to the extensive ones. Characterizing the content of heavy metals-toxicants in soils used for intensive horticulture, it should be noted that the content of cadmium, lead, copper and mercury was higher on 4.0, 6.1, 9.5 and 6.6 %, and zinc is twice lower compared to the soils in extensive horticulture. Analysis of soils released from horticulture of varying degrees of intensity showed that the content of basic plant nutrients needs to be replenished, taking into account the growing need for basic nutrients in soils from phosphorus, potassium to nitrogen. When converting soils used for horticulture into arable land, it is necessary to take into account the measures that maximize the accumulation of soil nitrogen, in particular the cultivation of legumes. On these soils, it is not advisable to immediately grow nitrogen-loving crops, such as corn, winter wheat and sunflower, in the cultivation of which a high amount of this element is removed from the soil to form an optimal harvest. The practical significance of the results is that they will enable them to develop concrete proposals for reducing soil contamination by restoring soil fertility and improving the quality of plant material from cereals grown under exempted horticulture conditions.","PeriodicalId":7511,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84364747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-29DOI: 10.37128/2707-5826-2022-1-9
Nina Rudska
The article presents the results of research to clarify the species composition of the harmful entomocomplex of soybean agrocenosis in the Right Bank Forest-Steppe. It was found that the most harmful phytophagous were Etiella zinckenella Tr., Tetranychus urticae Koch. and bedbugs (Miridae). Six periods of development of soybean plants have been identified, which are associated with certain phytophagous complexes, three of which are critical when active protection measures are needed. Depending on the damage to various plant organs, soybean phytophages are conventionally divided into the following groups of pests: nodules, root system, leaves and stems and generative organs. The application of methods and effectiveness of modern chemical and biological drugs and their mixtures against the most dangerous species of arthropods are substantiated. According to the results of our research, we found that spraying soybean crops in the period of the beginning of the formation of beans against acacia fire is the most effective: Dragun, k.e. (1,2 l/ha), Decis f-Lux, 10% m.e. (0,25 l/ha) and a mixture of Dragoon, k.e. with Aktofit, k.e. (0,6 + 1,0 l/ha), the technical efficiency of which was 95,3 and 98,7% (above the standard Zolon, k.e. – 94,5%). At the same time, seed damage decreased by 4,2–5,6 times, and the preserved yield averaged 0,59–0,63 t/ha. Aktofit, k.e., was somewhat inferior in efficiency. (89,4%). When spraying soybean crops against common spider mites, the most effective were Dragun, k.e. (1,2 l/ha), Syntax (0,2 g/l) and a mixture of Syntax, g/l with Aktofit, k.e. Their technical efficiency was 95,2 and 99,7%, respectively (Zolon, k.e. – 87,9%). The saved yield was 0,55 and 0,66 t/ha.
{"title":"SPECIES COMPOSITION OF SOY AGROCENOSE PESTS AND CONTROL OF THEIR NUMBER IN THE RIGHT BANK FOREST STEPPE","authors":"Nina Rudska","doi":"10.37128/2707-5826-2022-1-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37128/2707-5826-2022-1-9","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of research to clarify the species composition of the harmful entomocomplex of soybean agrocenosis in the Right Bank Forest-Steppe. It was found that the most harmful phytophagous were Etiella zinckenella Tr., Tetranychus urticae Koch. and bedbugs (Miridae). Six periods of development of soybean plants have been identified, which are associated with certain phytophagous complexes, three of which are critical when active protection measures are needed. Depending on the damage to various plant organs, soybean phytophages are conventionally divided into the following groups of pests: nodules, root system, leaves and stems and generative organs. The application of methods and effectiveness of modern chemical and biological drugs and their mixtures against the most dangerous species of arthropods are substantiated. According to the results of our research, we found that spraying soybean crops in the period of the beginning of the formation of beans against acacia fire is the most effective: Dragun, k.e. (1,2 l/ha), Decis f-Lux, 10% m.e. (0,25 l/ha) and a mixture of Dragoon, k.e. with Aktofit, k.e. (0,6 + 1,0 l/ha), the technical efficiency of which was 95,3 and 98,7% (above the standard Zolon, k.e. – 94,5%). At the same time, seed damage decreased by 4,2–5,6 times, and the preserved yield averaged 0,59–0,63 t/ha. Aktofit, k.e., was somewhat inferior in efficiency. (89,4%). When spraying soybean crops against common spider mites, the most effective were Dragun, k.e. (1,2 l/ha), Syntax (0,2 g/l) and a mixture of Syntax, g/l with Aktofit, k.e. Their technical efficiency was 95,2 and 99,7%, respectively (Zolon, k.e. – 87,9%). The saved yield was 0,55 and 0,66 t/ha.","PeriodicalId":7511,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80772018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-29DOI: 10.37128/2707-5826-2022-1-17
Yurii Shcatula, Dmitry Barsky
The article assesses and reflects the main aspects and vision of optimizing the fertilization of winter barley through root and foliar nutrition. The relevance and importance of such technological solutions and the search for optimal options for maximizing the yield potential of modern varieties of winter barley are emphasized, given the importance of this crop for the formation of the agricultural production potential of Ukraine. The processes of mineral nutrition have a significant impact on the growth and development and productivity of winter barley. To achieve the highest possible yield of winter barley grain, scientifically based norms of mineral fertilizers should be applied, and foliar top dressing with micronutrient fertilizers should be carried out during the growing season. One of the factors for increasing the productivity of winter barley is the leaf surface area, which further supports the activity of the photosynthetic apparatus. The leaf surface area significantly depends on the application rates of mineral fertilizers and the period of their application. It was determined that the leaf surface area of winter barley crops varied depending on the varietal composition. It was the highest for the cultivation of the barley variety of foreign selection Paso in the heading phase - 60,05 thousand m2/ha, while the winter barley variety Atlant Mironovsky in this phase was less at the level of 57,06 thousand m2/ha. Cultivation of intensive varieties of winter barley varieties Atlant Mironovsky and Paso requires the introduction of diammophos at the rate of N10P26K26 for sowing, spring top dressing with ammonium nitrate N34, and during the period of emergence of cultivated plants in the tube, the application of urea at a dose of N46, and a micro rate of 4,0 l/ha . Thanks to the application of mineral fertilizers, it is possible to obtain a grain yield of the winter domestic variety Atlant Mironovsky at the level of 6,90 t/ha, respectively, the variety of foreign selection – 7,42 t/ha.
{"title":"FORMATION OF SHEET SURFACE AREA BY WINTER BARLEY PLANTS DEPENDING ON FERTILIZER","authors":"Yurii Shcatula, Dmitry Barsky","doi":"10.37128/2707-5826-2022-1-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37128/2707-5826-2022-1-17","url":null,"abstract":"The article assesses and reflects the main aspects and vision of optimizing the fertilization of winter barley through root and foliar nutrition. The relevance and importance of such technological solutions and the search for optimal options for maximizing the yield potential of modern varieties of winter barley are emphasized, given the importance of this crop for the formation of the agricultural production potential of Ukraine. The processes of mineral nutrition have a significant impact on the growth and development and productivity of winter barley. To achieve the highest possible yield of winter barley grain, scientifically based norms of mineral fertilizers should be applied, and foliar top dressing with micronutrient fertilizers should be carried out during the growing season. One of the factors for increasing the productivity of winter barley is the leaf surface area, which further supports the activity of the photosynthetic apparatus. The leaf surface area significantly depends on the application rates of mineral fertilizers and the period of their application. It was determined that the leaf surface area of winter barley crops varied depending on the varietal composition. It was the highest for the cultivation of the barley variety of foreign selection Paso in the heading phase - 60,05 thousand m2/ha, while the winter barley variety Atlant Mironovsky in this phase was less at the level of 57,06 thousand m2/ha. Cultivation of intensive varieties of winter barley varieties Atlant Mironovsky and Paso requires the introduction of diammophos at the rate of N10P26K26 for sowing, spring top dressing with ammonium nitrate N34, and during the period of emergence of cultivated plants in the tube, the application of urea at a dose of N46, and a micro rate of 4,0 l/ha . Thanks to the application of mineral fertilizers, it is possible to obtain a grain yield of the winter domestic variety Atlant Mironovsky at the level of 6,90 t/ha, respectively, the variety of foreign selection – 7,42 t/ha.","PeriodicalId":7511,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83165558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-29DOI: 10.37128/2707-5826-2022-1-14
P. Pisarenko, M. Samoilik, A. Taranenko, Yu. Tsova
At the current level of development of agricultural production there are facts of environmental degradation due to the use of agrochemicals. The introduction of scientifically sound ecological technology of agriculture, which is based on the system of ecological safety of the environment and human health, can prevent possible negative effects. To ensure the sustainable development of modern agricultural production and the use of chemicals in limited quantities, there is a problem of their partial replacement by alternative low-cost measures based on natural processes of self-renewal. The aim of our studies was to determinate the effectiveness of obtaining high-quality organic fertilizers using associated water (SPV) and probiotic preparations that accord the requirements of environmentally friendly resource-saving technologies for growing crops. Ecological and trophic groups of soil microorganisms were determined by seeding certain dilutions of soil suspensions. The results of experiments show positive changes in quality and phytosanitary state of organic manure during three months of combined use of SPV (150 l t) and probiotics (100 l/t). The results of bacteriological research show that the level of pathogenic microorganisms decreased by 98-100% after 3 months of composting with native and 10% probiotic solution. Salmonella and Escherichia coli pathogens have not been identified. The cleaning efficiency was lower at 1% and 0.1% probiotic solution. According to mycological research the total number of fungi was 206.9 thousand/g, by 27% more than the control sample. The content of pathogenic fungi decreased by 88% compared to control. It was found that SPV and probiotics changes the chemical composition of manure. Although SPV does not contain large amount of essential mineral nutrients, but SPV are a valuable natural source of microelements that have a positive effect on the crops growth. In particular, the content of potassium in manure increased by 20.8%, phosphorus - by 41.8%, total nitrogen - by 45.8%, organic matter - by 10%. Thus, the integrated use of SPV and probiotics can destroy ruderal vegetation, reduce the germination of weed seeds, improve the quality of manure by enriching it with microelements, disinfect manure from pathogenic microorganisms and fungi. All these advantages make it possible to obtain high-quality organic fertilizer that allows you to optimize the soil nutrient regime. Research results show that the use of SPV and probiotics contribute to increase biological activity in the top soil layer, which determines the specific conditions of transformation of organic matter and productivity of agrobiocenosis. The proportion of microorganisms in the microbial cenosis with SPV 1200 l/ha and probiotics 100 l/ha is 19.2 ± 0.90 million (number of cells in 1 gram of completely dry soil), which is much higher than control (5.9 ± 0.21 million). Using SPV 1200 l/ha and probiotics 100 l/ha stimulates the growth and development of mi
{"title":"IMPROVEMENT OF TECHNOLOGY OF OBTAINING HIGH QUALITY OF ORGANIC FERTILIZERS WITH THE USE OF ASSOCIATED LAYER WATER AND PROBIOTICS","authors":"P. Pisarenko, M. Samoilik, A. Taranenko, Yu. Tsova","doi":"10.37128/2707-5826-2022-1-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37128/2707-5826-2022-1-14","url":null,"abstract":"At the current level of development of agricultural production there are facts of environmental degradation due to the use of agrochemicals. The introduction of scientifically sound ecological technology of agriculture, which is based on the system of ecological safety of the environment and human health, can prevent possible negative effects. To ensure the sustainable development of modern agricultural production and the use of chemicals in limited quantities, there is a problem of their partial replacement by alternative low-cost measures based on natural processes of self-renewal. The aim of our studies was to determinate the effectiveness of obtaining high-quality organic fertilizers using associated water (SPV) and probiotic preparations that accord the requirements of environmentally friendly resource-saving technologies for growing crops. Ecological and trophic groups of soil microorganisms were determined by seeding certain dilutions of soil suspensions. The results of experiments show positive changes in quality and phytosanitary state of organic manure during three months of combined use of SPV (150 l t) and probiotics (100 l/t). The results of bacteriological research show that the level of pathogenic microorganisms decreased by 98-100% after 3 months of composting with native and 10% probiotic solution. Salmonella and Escherichia coli pathogens have not been identified. The cleaning efficiency was lower at 1% and 0.1% probiotic solution. According to mycological research the total number of fungi was 206.9 thousand/g, by 27% more than the control sample. The content of pathogenic fungi decreased by 88% compared to control. It was found that SPV and probiotics changes the chemical composition of manure. Although SPV does not contain large amount of essential mineral nutrients, but SPV are a valuable natural source of microelements that have a positive effect on the crops growth. In particular, the content of potassium in manure increased by 20.8%, phosphorus - by 41.8%, total nitrogen - by 45.8%, organic matter - by 10%. Thus, the integrated use of SPV and probiotics can destroy ruderal vegetation, reduce the germination of weed seeds, improve the quality of manure by enriching it with microelements, disinfect manure from pathogenic microorganisms and fungi. All these advantages make it possible to obtain high-quality organic fertilizer that allows you to optimize the soil nutrient regime. \u0000Research results show that the use of SPV and probiotics contribute to increase biological activity in the top soil layer, which determines the specific conditions of transformation of organic matter and productivity of agrobiocenosis. The proportion of microorganisms in the microbial cenosis with SPV 1200 l/ha and probiotics 100 l/ha is 19.2 ± 0.90 million (number of cells in 1 gram of completely dry soil), which is much higher than control (5.9 ± 0.21 million). Using SPV 1200 l/ha and probiotics 100 l/ha stimulates the growth and development of mi","PeriodicalId":7511,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"306 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77934221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-29DOI: 10.37128/2707-5826-2022-1-16
H. Hutsol, Olha Mazur
The article presents statistical and calculated indicators on the volumes of oilseeds cultivation, the effect of mineral fertilization of soils during the cultivation of oilseeds on the intensity of the intake of heavy metals in them is investigated. An analysis of the cultivation of oilseeds in the Vinnytsia region showed that their total sown area as of 2021 was 351.5 thousand/ ha, of which 81.6% - sunflower, 17.7% - winter rape and 0.6% - spring rapeseed. The sown area and production volumes of sunflower seeds in the Vinnitsa region for all categories of farms amounted to 300.8 thousand/ha and 10,053.4 thousand/centner, respectively. Under the conditions of enterprises, the sown area under sunflower was 95.4%, and the volume of production - 96.4%, while in the households of the population these indicators were in the range of 4.5% and 3.6%. The sown area and production volumes of winter rapeseed seeds in the Vinnitsa region amounted to 62.8 thousand/ha and 2103.3 thousand/centner, respectively. In terms of enterprises, the area for growing sunflower was 99.2%, and in households - 0.8%, production volumes, respectively - 99.4% and 0.6%. Spring rape under the conditions of enterprises occupied 87.5% of the area, and in the conditions of households - 12.5%. The volume of production of seeds of spring rape in the conditions of enterprises amounted to 92.6%, in households - 7.3%. It was found that the highest amount of lead and cadmium entering the soil was observed during the cultivation of winter rapeseed. So, when growing winter rapeseed with mineral fertilizers, more lead and cadmium get into the soil 2.0 times and 2.4 times, respectively, compared to sunflower. When growing spring rapeseed in soils with mineral fertilizers, 1.7 times less lead and 1.75 times less lead and cadmium, compared to winter rape, get into the soil.
{"title":"GROWING OF OIL CROPS AND INTENSITY OF ACCUMULATION OF HEAVY METALS IN SOILS UNDER THEIR MINERAL FERTILIZATION IN THE CONDITIONS OF VINNICHNA REGION","authors":"H. Hutsol, Olha Mazur","doi":"10.37128/2707-5826-2022-1-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37128/2707-5826-2022-1-16","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents statistical and calculated indicators on the volumes of oilseeds cultivation, the effect of mineral fertilization of soils during the cultivation of oilseeds on the intensity of the intake of heavy metals in them is investigated. An analysis of the cultivation of oilseeds in the Vinnytsia region showed that their total sown area as of 2021 was 351.5 thousand/ ha, of which 81.6% - sunflower, 17.7% - winter rape and 0.6% - spring rapeseed. The sown area and production volumes of sunflower seeds in the Vinnitsa region for all categories of farms amounted to 300.8 thousand/ha and 10,053.4 thousand/centner, respectively. Under the conditions of enterprises, the sown area under sunflower was 95.4%, and the volume of production - 96.4%, while in the households of the population these indicators were in the range of 4.5% and 3.6%. The sown area and production volumes of winter rapeseed seeds in the Vinnitsa region amounted to 62.8 thousand/ha and 2103.3 thousand/centner, respectively. In terms of enterprises, the area for growing sunflower was 99.2%, and in households - 0.8%, production volumes, respectively - 99.4% and 0.6%. Spring rape under the conditions of enterprises occupied 87.5% of the area, and in the conditions of households - 12.5%. The volume of production of seeds of spring rape in the conditions of enterprises amounted to 92.6%, in households - 7.3%. It was found that the highest amount of lead and cadmium entering the soil was observed during the cultivation of winter rapeseed. So, when growing winter rapeseed with mineral fertilizers, more lead and cadmium get into the soil 2.0 times and 2.4 times, respectively, compared to sunflower. When growing spring rapeseed in soils with mineral fertilizers, 1.7 times less lead and 1.75 times less lead and cadmium, compared to winter rape, get into the soil.","PeriodicalId":7511,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90391940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-29DOI: 10.37128/2707-5826-2022-1-11
H. Mudrak
The article considers the main theoretical and practical approaches to the concept of sustainable development, international approaches to the implementation of sustainable development principles, practical mechanisms for implementing its social, economic and environmental indicators, organizational and managerial aspects of environmental protection for different regions. It conducted a study of the basic provisions of the concept of sustainable development of territorial communities of Eastern Podolia in the implementation of the state strategy. The system of estimation parameters of influence of factors of external and internal environment of territorial communities on the basis of the complex approach taking into account economic, ecological and social component is offered. It was found that ecologically balanced development of territorial communities of the region directly depends on the development of environmental management, marketing and auditing, environmental assessment of economic decisions, strategic environmental assessment, environmental impact assessment, ensuring proper environmental safety and the formation and implementation of effective local environmental policy. Therefore, the authors proposed to use a detailed scheme of components of sustainable development of local communities to write and implement strategies. Based on the research, the authors recommended 24 social, 16 economic and 24 environmental indicators of sustainable development of rural, urban and urban territorial communities of Eastern Podillya. It was found that the justification and development of any long-term program for the development of the local community should always be associated with objective risks. SWOT-analysis of local communities in the region should be used to reduce these risks. Therefore, to determine the ecological status of any territorial community of Eastern Podillya, its socio-economic development, it is necessary to conduct a SWOT-analysis. It should include the identification of strengths (strengths) and weaknesses (limitations) of the social, economic and environmental blocks of the model of sustainable development of the territorial community. These results should be further used for the formation and selection of goals and objectives of the strategy of sustainable development of territorial communities in the region.
{"title":"USE OF ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIO-ECONOMIC INDICATORS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES OF EASTERN PODIL","authors":"H. Mudrak","doi":"10.37128/2707-5826-2022-1-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37128/2707-5826-2022-1-11","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers the main theoretical and practical approaches to the concept of sustainable development, international approaches to the implementation of sustainable development principles, practical mechanisms for implementing its social, economic and environmental indicators, organizational and managerial aspects of environmental protection for different regions. It conducted a study of the basic provisions of the concept of sustainable development of territorial communities of Eastern Podolia in the implementation of the state strategy. The system of estimation parameters of influence of factors of external and internal environment of territorial communities on the basis of the complex approach taking into account economic, ecological and social component is offered. It was found that ecologically balanced development of territorial communities of the region directly depends on the development of environmental management, marketing and auditing, environmental assessment of economic decisions, strategic environmental assessment, environmental impact assessment, ensuring proper environmental safety and the formation and implementation of effective local environmental policy. Therefore, the authors proposed to use a detailed scheme of components of sustainable development of local communities to write and implement strategies. Based on the research, the authors recommended 24 social, 16 economic and 24 environmental indicators of sustainable development of rural, urban and urban territorial communities of Eastern Podillya. It was found that the justification and development of any long-term program for the development of the local community should always be associated with objective risks. SWOT-analysis of local communities in the region should be used to reduce these risks. Therefore, to determine the ecological status of any territorial community of Eastern Podillya, its socio-economic development, it is necessary to conduct a SWOT-analysis. It should include the identification of strengths (strengths) and weaknesses (limitations) of the social, economic and environmental blocks of the model of sustainable development of the territorial community. These results should be further used for the formation and selection of goals and objectives of the strategy of sustainable development of territorial communities in the region.","PeriodicalId":7511,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85657093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-29DOI: 10.37128/2707-5826-2022-1-6
V. Moskalets, T. Moskalets, Ludmila Shevchuk, V. Frantsishko, Y. Barat, V. Krasovsky
The analysis of literature data allowed to highlight the importance of the plant Prunus spinosa L. as a valuable source material in the selection of stone crops and its fruits as raw materials for the food and pharmaceutical industries. Leading scientists have obtained a significant number of valuable forms and varieties of terrain, in particular in Ukraine created a variety Donets’kyy krupnyy, in the CIS such varieties as Desertnyy, Velykoplidnyy, Sverkhobilnyy, Sladkiy and others. The analysis of theoretical bases revealed that it is important in the selection of Prunus spinosa L. to involve wild species and forms with different ploidy, in particular the use of hexaploid Prunus spinosa L. avoids the stage of pentaploid hybrids in F1. It is noted that fruit juice called blackthorn or sloe is effective for the prevention of intestinal parasites, dysentery, nonspecific colitis, food poisoning, and also has antiviral and antibacterial properties, which is relevant during pandemics. Original data on the results of expeditionary research of the staff of the Institute of Horticulture of NAAS, conducted in the ecosystems of Polissya and Forest-Steppe of Ukraine are highlighted. It is shown that as a result of analytical selection and fruitful cooperation with amateur gardeners, valuable source material of Prunus spinosa L. was selected and studied. Selected clones of Prunus spinosa L. were introduced to the hospital of the Institute of Horticulture of NAAS, where during 2017-2021 it was studied by morphological features and biological properties. It was found that the forms selected in the conditions of Polissya and Northern Forest-Steppe are characterized by tallness (over 2.5 m), resistance to low negative temperatures, large-fruitedness and increased fruit weight (Nosivs’ky 1-17, Nosivsk’y 2-17, Horokhivs’ky 1-20). Forms selected in the conditions of both Western and Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine are characterized by short stature (height up to 1.6 m), absence of thorns, resistance to moisture deficiency in spring and summer, yield and excellent taste and aroma of fruits (Brodivs’ky 17-19, Mukshans’ky 2-14, Poltava late, Halyts’ky 07-21, Poltavs’ky 2-17). Abundant fruiting of new forms of Prunus spinosa L. in 2021 allowed to harvest fruit from them and evaluate the morphological characteristics and biochemical parameters. The obtained data allowed to single out the most valuable in terms of fruit quality and suitability for food production.
{"title":"GENETIC RESOURCE OF THE BLACKTHORN OR SLOE (PRUNUS SPINOSA L.) WITH VALUABLE ECONOMIC SIGNS FOR BREEDING ON YIELD AND QUALITY","authors":"V. Moskalets, T. Moskalets, Ludmila Shevchuk, V. Frantsishko, Y. Barat, V. Krasovsky","doi":"10.37128/2707-5826-2022-1-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37128/2707-5826-2022-1-6","url":null,"abstract":"The analysis of literature data allowed to highlight the importance of the plant Prunus spinosa L. as a valuable source material in the selection of stone crops and its fruits as raw materials for the food and pharmaceutical industries. Leading scientists have obtained a significant number of valuable forms and varieties of terrain, in particular in Ukraine created a variety Donets’kyy krupnyy, in the CIS such varieties as Desertnyy, Velykoplidnyy, Sverkhobilnyy, Sladkiy and others. The analysis of theoretical bases revealed that it is important in the selection of Prunus spinosa L. to involve wild species and forms with different ploidy, in particular the use of hexaploid Prunus spinosa L. avoids the stage of pentaploid hybrids in F1. It is noted that fruit juice called blackthorn or sloe is effective for the prevention of intestinal parasites, dysentery, nonspecific colitis, food poisoning, and also has antiviral and antibacterial properties, which is relevant during pandemics. Original data on the results of expeditionary research of the staff of the Institute of Horticulture of NAAS, conducted in the ecosystems of Polissya and Forest-Steppe of Ukraine are highlighted. It is shown that as a result of analytical selection and fruitful cooperation with amateur gardeners, valuable source material of Prunus spinosa L. was selected and studied. Selected clones of Prunus spinosa L. were introduced to the hospital of the Institute of Horticulture of NAAS, where during 2017-2021 it was studied by morphological features and biological properties. It was found that the forms selected in the conditions of Polissya and Northern Forest-Steppe are characterized by tallness (over 2.5 m), resistance to low negative temperatures, large-fruitedness and increased fruit weight (Nosivs’ky 1-17, Nosivsk’y 2-17, Horokhivs’ky 1-20). Forms selected in the conditions of both Western and Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine are characterized by short stature (height up to 1.6 m), absence of thorns, resistance to moisture deficiency in spring and summer, yield and excellent taste and aroma of fruits (Brodivs’ky 17-19, Mukshans’ky 2-14, Poltava late, Halyts’ky 07-21, Poltavs’ky 2-17).\u0000\u0000Abundant fruiting of new forms of Prunus spinosa L. in 2021 allowed to harvest fruit from them and evaluate the morphological characteristics and biochemical parameters. The obtained data allowed to single out the most valuable in terms of fruit quality and suitability for food production.","PeriodicalId":7511,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78870262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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