Pub Date : 2014-12-31DOI: 10.22452/ADUM.VOL21NO2.4
P. Rajapriya, P. Saravanan, Burnice Nk, Priyanka Kc, S. Shalini, R. Ramakrishnan
Aim: This review intends to provide a highlight on the potential application of salivary proteomics in periodontal diagnosis and attempts to throw light on the emerging salivary diagnostic tools for periodontal disease detection. Background: Clinical parameters for detection of periodontitis such as probing depth, attachment level, bleeding on probing, plaque index, and radiographic assessment of alveolar bone loss provide information on the severity of periodontitis, but they do not measure disease activity. Ideally, development and application of rapid and simple diagnostic tests based on host salivary or immune factors may facilitate early detection of patients at risk for periodontal diseases, allow appropriate intervention, decrease the need for more aggressive treatment and improve the response to periodontal therapy. Results: Studies have shown that saliva could be used as a diagnostic fluid as it is one of the inexpensive, noninvasive and easy-to-use diagnostic methods. Salivary constituents that have been studied as potential diagnostic biomarkers for periodontal disease includes locally produced proteins of host and bacterial origin, genetic/genomic biomarkers such as DNA and mRNA of host origin, bacteria and bacterial products, ions, steroid hormones and volatile compounds. Conclusion: Periodontal oral diagnostic devices will enable screening of large populations, more quickly and effectively. Use of salivary biomarkers to sample large populations will help to identify at-risk groups more effectively and increase access to treatment for those most at need, thereby, improving public health.
{"title":"Recent Advances in Salivary Proteomics, Genomics and Transcriptomics: A Reliable Tool in Periodontal diagnosis – A Review","authors":"P. Rajapriya, P. Saravanan, Burnice Nk, Priyanka Kc, S. Shalini, R. Ramakrishnan","doi":"10.22452/ADUM.VOL21NO2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/ADUM.VOL21NO2.4","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This review intends to provide a highlight on the potential application of salivary proteomics in periodontal diagnosis and attempts to throw light on the emerging salivary diagnostic tools for periodontal disease detection. Background: Clinical parameters for detection of periodontitis such as probing depth, attachment level, bleeding on probing, plaque index, and radiographic assessment of alveolar bone loss provide information on the severity of periodontitis, but they do not measure disease activity. Ideally, development and application of rapid and simple diagnostic tests based on host salivary or immune factors may facilitate early detection of patients at risk for periodontal diseases, allow appropriate intervention, decrease the need for more aggressive treatment and improve the response to periodontal therapy. Results: Studies have shown that saliva could be used as a diagnostic fluid as it is one of the inexpensive, noninvasive and easy-to-use diagnostic methods. Salivary constituents that have been studied as potential diagnostic biomarkers for periodontal disease includes locally produced proteins of host and bacterial origin, genetic/genomic biomarkers such as DNA and mRNA of host origin, bacteria and bacterial products, ions, steroid hormones and volatile compounds. Conclusion: Periodontal oral diagnostic devices will enable screening of large populations, more quickly and effectively. Use of salivary biomarkers to sample large populations will help to identify at-risk groups more effectively and increase access to treatment for those most at need, thereby, improving public health.","PeriodicalId":75515,"journal":{"name":"Annals of dentistry","volume":"21 1","pages":"8-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68631451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-31DOI: 10.22452/ADUM.VOL21NO2.1
Khairuldin Am, Ibrahim Ik, Wakiyuddin Sb, Z. Wenning, Lesley Ao, Nicholas Sj, Siew Wc
The gram-positive, mesophilic and non-motile coccus Streptococcus gordonii is an important causative agent of infective endocarditis (IE). This pioneer species of dental plaque also causes bacteraemia in immune-supressed patients. In this study, we analysed the genome of a representative strain, Streptococcus gordonii SK12 that was originally isolated from the oral cavity. To gain a better understanding of the biology, virulence and phylogeny, of this potentially pathogenic organism, high-throughput Illumina HiSeq technology and different bioinformatics approaches were performed. Genome assembly of SK12 was performed using CLC Genomic Workbench 5.1.5 while RAST annotation revealed the key genomic features. The assembled draft genome of Streptococcus gordonii SK12 consists of 27 contigs, with a genome size of 2,145,851 bp and a G+C content of 40.63%. Phylogenetic inferences have confirmed that SK12 is closely related to the widely studied strain Streptococcus gordonii Challis. Interestingly, we predicted 118 potential virulence genes in SK12 genome which may contribute to bacterial pathogenicity in infective endocarditis. We also discovered an intact prophage which might be recently integrated into the SK12 genome. Examination of genes present in genomic islands revealed that this oral strain might has potential to acquire new phenotypes/traits including strong defence system, bacitracin resistance and collateral detergent sensitivity. This detailed analysis of S. gordonii SK12 further improves our understanding of the genetic make-up of S. gordonii as a whole and may help to elucidate how this species is able to transition between living as an oral commensal and potentially causing the lifethreatening condition infective endocarditis.
{"title":"Genome Analysis of Streptococcus gordonii SK12","authors":"Khairuldin Am, Ibrahim Ik, Wakiyuddin Sb, Z. Wenning, Lesley Ao, Nicholas Sj, Siew Wc","doi":"10.22452/ADUM.VOL21NO2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/ADUM.VOL21NO2.1","url":null,"abstract":"The gram-positive, mesophilic and non-motile coccus Streptococcus gordonii is an important causative agent of infective endocarditis (IE). This pioneer species of dental plaque also causes bacteraemia in immune-supressed patients. In this study, we analysed the genome of a representative strain, Streptococcus gordonii SK12 that was originally isolated from the oral cavity. To gain a better understanding of the biology, virulence and phylogeny, of this potentially pathogenic organism, high-throughput Illumina HiSeq technology and different bioinformatics approaches were performed. Genome assembly of SK12 was performed using CLC Genomic Workbench 5.1.5 while RAST annotation revealed the key genomic features. The assembled draft genome of Streptococcus gordonii SK12 consists of 27 contigs, with a genome size of 2,145,851 bp and a G+C content of 40.63%. Phylogenetic inferences have confirmed that SK12 is closely related to the widely studied strain Streptococcus gordonii Challis. Interestingly, we predicted 118 potential virulence genes in SK12 genome which may contribute to bacterial pathogenicity in infective endocarditis. We also discovered an intact prophage which might be recently integrated into the SK12 genome. Examination of genes present in genomic islands revealed that this oral strain might has potential to acquire new phenotypes/traits including strong defence system, bacitracin resistance and collateral detergent sensitivity. This detailed analysis of S. gordonii SK12 further improves our understanding of the genetic make-up of S. gordonii as a whole and may help to elucidate how this species is able to transition between living as an oral commensal and potentially causing the lifethreatening condition infective endocarditis.","PeriodicalId":75515,"journal":{"name":"Annals of dentistry","volume":"21 1","pages":"17-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68631277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-06-30DOI: 10.22452/ADUM.VOL21NO1.5
S. Ku, Y. Tan, N. A. Yahya
The study aimed to evaluate the quality of the hybrid layer form by three different adhesive systems. Class V cavities were prepared on the buccal surface of fourty extracted human premolars. The prepared teeth were randomly assigned into four groups according to the adhesive system and application mode. The systems were: Optibond S (OS, total-etch); Optibond Versa (OV, two-bottles, self-etch); Single Bond Universal (SBU, one-bottle, self-etch) and Single Bond Universal with etchant (SBU + etchant). All cavities were restored with composite (Filtek Z350XT). The samples were sectioned, polished and pretreated to remove minerals, protein and water prior to SEM evaluation. From the images, thickness of the hybrid layers was measured. Present of resin tags and adaptation failure were also recorded. The data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA, Dunnett’s T3, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. OS group showed the highest average hybrid layer thickness (4.34 µm), followed by SBU + etchant (3.06 µm), OV (1.91 µm) and SBU (0.95 µm). Both adhesive and cohesive failures were observed in SBU group. Present of prominent resin tags were seen in both OS and OV groups. In conclusion, all the investigated adhesive systems were able to perform distinguishable actions as shown in micro-morphological alteration and hybrid layer thickness. Two-bottles, selfetch adhesive (OV) was proven to produce negligible adaptation failure compared to other adhesive systems in the present study. Combined all-in-one adhesive (SBU) was found to render a superior bonding performance in total-etch mode comparing to self-etch mode.
{"title":"THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT DENTAL ADHESIVE SYSTEMS ON HYBRID LAYER QUALITIES","authors":"S. Ku, Y. Tan, N. A. Yahya","doi":"10.22452/ADUM.VOL21NO1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/ADUM.VOL21NO1.5","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed to evaluate the quality of the hybrid layer form by three different adhesive systems. Class V cavities were prepared on the buccal surface of fourty extracted human premolars. The prepared teeth were randomly assigned into four groups according to the adhesive system and application mode. The systems were: Optibond S (OS, total-etch); Optibond Versa (OV, two-bottles, self-etch); Single Bond Universal (SBU, one-bottle, self-etch) and Single Bond Universal with etchant (SBU + etchant). All cavities were restored with composite (Filtek Z350XT). The samples were sectioned, polished and pretreated to remove minerals, protein and water prior to SEM evaluation. From the images, thickness of the hybrid layers was measured. Present of resin tags and adaptation failure were also recorded. The data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA, Dunnett’s T3, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. OS group showed the highest average hybrid layer thickness (4.34 µm), followed by SBU + etchant (3.06 µm), OV (1.91 µm) and SBU (0.95 µm). Both adhesive and cohesive failures were observed in SBU group. Present of prominent resin tags were seen in both OS and OV groups. In conclusion, all the investigated adhesive systems were able to perform distinguishable actions as shown in micro-morphological alteration and hybrid layer thickness. Two-bottles, selfetch adhesive (OV) was proven to produce negligible adaptation failure compared to other adhesive systems in the present study. Combined all-in-one adhesive (SBU) was found to render a superior bonding performance in total-etch mode comparing to self-etch mode.","PeriodicalId":75515,"journal":{"name":"Annals of dentistry","volume":"21 1","pages":"29-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68630968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-06-30DOI: 10.22452/ADUM.VOL21NO1.2
A. Ramanathan, N. A. Rosedee, S. A. Edwer, E. P. John, K. Palaniswany, Z. A. Bakar
The prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in elderly population is 22.8% to 61.6%. Conventional oral examination (COE) is usually carried out to detect oral mucosal lesions (OML). However, new diagnostic aids have been introduced to improve OML detection. This study aimed to determine the utility of autofluorescence (AF) imaging in detecting OML from normal oral mucosa and its anatomic variation among institutionalised elderly Malaysian when compared with COE. Fifty subjects randomly selected from 9 nursing homes and COE and AF imaging using VELscope Vx, (LED Dental, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada) were carried out. Sensitivity, specificity, positive (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy of AF imaging were calculated. From the study, fifteen subjects had normal oral mucosa, 15 anatomic variations and 36 lesions were identified. The sensitivity and specificity of AF imaging were 100% and 70% whereas the PPV and NPV were 80% and 100% respectively. The accuracy of AF imaging was 86.37% when compared to COE. In conclusion AF imaging was able to detect OML and differentiate them from normal oral mucosa. However it has limited usefulness in differentiating between these lesions. This study however, was able to detail the AF imaging profile of normal oral mucosa, its normal variants and some common reactive or infective lesions which can be used in future OML studies as comparison to oral potentially malignant lesions.
老年人口腔黏膜病变患病率为22.8% ~ 61.6%。常规口腔检查(COE)通常用于检测口腔黏膜病变(OML)。然而，新的诊断辅助工具已经被引入以提高OML的检测。本研究旨在确定自体荧光(AF)成像在检测正常口腔黏膜OML中的效用，以及与COE相比，在马来西亚机构老年人中OML的解剖变异。从9家养老院随机选择50名受试者，使用VELscope Vx (LED Dental, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada)进行COE和AF成像。计算AF成像的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值(PPV)和阴性预测值(NPV)及准确性。本研究中，口腔黏膜正常15例，解剖变异15例，病变36例。AF成像的灵敏度和特异性分别为100%和70%，而PPV和NPV分别为80%和100%。与COE相比，AF成像准确率为86.37%。综上所述，AF显像能够发现OML并与正常口腔黏膜进行鉴别。然而，它在区分这些病变方面的作用有限。然而，这项研究能够详细描述正常口腔黏膜的AF成像特征，其正常变异和一些常见的反应性或感染性病变，可用于未来的OML研究，将其与口腔潜在恶性病变进行比较。
{"title":"UTILITY OF AUTOFLUORESCENCE IMAGING IN THE DETECTION OF ORAL MUCOSAL LESIONS IN ELDERLY INSTITUTIONALISED SUBJECTS","authors":"A. Ramanathan, N. A. Rosedee, S. A. Edwer, E. P. John, K. Palaniswany, Z. A. Bakar","doi":"10.22452/ADUM.VOL21NO1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/ADUM.VOL21NO1.2","url":null,"abstract":"The prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in elderly population is 22.8% to 61.6%. Conventional oral examination (COE) is usually carried out to detect oral mucosal lesions (OML). However, new diagnostic aids have been introduced to improve OML detection. This study aimed to determine the utility of autofluorescence (AF) imaging in detecting OML from normal oral mucosa and its anatomic variation among institutionalised elderly Malaysian when compared with COE. Fifty subjects randomly selected from 9 nursing homes and COE and AF imaging using VELscope Vx, (LED Dental, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada) were carried out. Sensitivity, specificity, positive (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy of AF imaging were calculated. From the study, fifteen subjects had normal oral mucosa, 15 anatomic variations and 36 lesions were identified. The sensitivity and specificity of AF imaging were 100% and 70% whereas the PPV and NPV were 80% and 100% respectively. The accuracy of AF imaging was 86.37% when compared to COE. In conclusion AF imaging was able to detect OML and differentiate them from normal oral mucosa. However it has limited usefulness in differentiating between these lesions. This study however, was able to detail the AF imaging profile of normal oral mucosa, its normal variants and some common reactive or infective lesions which can be used in future OML studies as comparison to oral potentially malignant lesions.","PeriodicalId":75515,"journal":{"name":"Annals of dentistry","volume":"21 1","pages":"6-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68631263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-06-30DOI: 10.22452/ADUM.VOL21NO1.3
A. Ramanathan, C. Rm, Tay Zw, C. Siow-Wee, T. G. Kallarakkal, Kassim Nla
Background: There is significant amount of research done on Oral Squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). One research technique is immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis using whole sections. With little availability of OSCC tissues high throughput analysis such as Tissue Microarray (TMA) are capable of efficient analysis of small samples. However, the results become questionable if the tumor exhibits high degree of heterogeneity as TMA cores might not accurately represent the whole section. Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the optimal number of TMA cores required to provide an accurate representation of the whole section with IHC analysis in OSCC. Materials and Methods: Twenty tissue samples stained with anti-p53 antibody were scanned at 40x magnification. Three to six virtual cores of size 0.6 mm, 1.0 mm and 1.5 mm were drawn on the scanned slides. H-scores were obtained for both whole sections and cores using NuclearQuant (3DHistech, Budapest, Hungary) software after eliminating non-tumour cells and artifacts manually. The correspondence between the cores and whole sections were calculated using intra-class correlation and one sample t-test. Results: Good correlation was obtained with just a single core of 0.6mm (0.826). Subsequent increase in core number and size resulted in improved correlation coefficient and smaller confidence interval. Conclusion: Three TMA cores of 0.6 mm would be the most optimal, as not only was there very strong correlation with the whole tissue section, the extra core will also be able to act as confirmation if the results of the first 2 cores are in doubt.
背景:对口腔鳞状细胞癌(OSCC)进行了大量的研究。一种研究技术是使用整个切片进行免疫组织化学(IHC)分析。由于OSCC组织的可用性很少，高通量分析如组织微阵列(TMA)能够有效地分析小样本。然而，如果肿瘤表现出高度的异质性，因为TMA核心可能不能准确地代表整个切片，结果就会受到质疑。目的:本研究的目的是确定所需的最佳TMA核数，以便在OSCC中通过IHC分析提供整个切片的准确表示。材料与方法:用40倍放大镜扫描抗p53抗体染色的20例组织标本。在扫描的载玻片上绘制3 - 6个尺寸分别为0.6 mm、1.0 mm和1.5 mm的虚拟核。在手动去除非肿瘤细胞和伪影后，使用NuclearQuant (3DHistech, Budapest, Hungary)软件获得整个切片和岩心的h分数。采用类内相关和单样本t检验计算岩心与整个剖面之间的对应关系。结果:单芯0.6mm(0.826)相关性较好。随着核心数量和大小的增加，相关系数提高，置信区间减小。结论:3个0.6 mm的TMA核是最理想的，因为不仅与整个组织切片有很强的相关性，如果前2个核的结果有疑问，额外的核也可以作为确认。
{"title":"Validation of Tissue Microarray for Immunohistochemical Analysis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Using Virtual Cores","authors":"A. Ramanathan, C. Rm, Tay Zw, C. Siow-Wee, T. G. Kallarakkal, Kassim Nla","doi":"10.22452/ADUM.VOL21NO1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/ADUM.VOL21NO1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Background: There is significant amount of research done on Oral Squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). One research technique is immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis using whole sections. With little availability of OSCC tissues high throughput analysis such as Tissue Microarray (TMA) are capable of efficient analysis of small samples. However, the results become questionable if the tumor exhibits high degree of heterogeneity as TMA cores might not accurately represent the whole section. Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the optimal number of TMA cores required to provide an accurate representation of the whole section with IHC analysis in OSCC. Materials and Methods: Twenty tissue samples stained with anti-p53 antibody were scanned at 40x magnification. Three to six virtual cores of size 0.6 mm, 1.0 mm and 1.5 mm were drawn on the scanned slides. H-scores were obtained for both whole sections and cores using NuclearQuant (3DHistech, Budapest, Hungary) software after eliminating non-tumour cells and artifacts manually. The correspondence between the cores and whole sections were calculated using intra-class correlation and one sample t-test. Results: Good correlation was obtained with just a single core of 0.6mm (0.826). Subsequent increase in core number and size resulted in improved correlation coefficient and smaller confidence interval. Conclusion: Three TMA cores of 0.6 mm would be the most optimal, as not only was there very strong correlation with the whole tissue section, the extra core will also be able to act as confirmation if the results of the first 2 cores are in doubt.","PeriodicalId":75515,"journal":{"name":"Annals of dentistry","volume":"21 1","pages":"17-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68630797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-06-30DOI: 10.22452/ADUM.VOL21NO1.4
N. AbRahman, Wang Wn
The audit aimed to investigate the availability of orthodontic instruments and materials at Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya. The standard was set as 100% of instruments and materials should be available when required for orthodontic treatment. The form comprised of six sections, which listed the commonly used instruments and materials involved in the procedures of impression taking, fitting and removal of molar bands, bonding and debonding of orthodontic brackets and activation of orthodontic appliances. The fifth section listed the less commonly used instruments and materials and a part for the clinician to list down instruments that were used but not listed in the form. Whilst the last section is for the clinician to list down the instruments or materials that were not available when requested. A total of 567 forms were completed and it was found that 97.6% instruments and 98.6% materials were available. Overall, 22 types of instruments were temporary not available with frequency mean of 2.1 (Minimum: 1; Maximum: 7) whilst 6 types of materials were temporary not available with a frequency mean of 2.3 (Minimum: 1; Maximum: 8). In conclusion, majority of the instruments and materials required during orthodontic clinical sessions were available. The check list of frequently used orthodontic instruments and materials from this audit could aid inventory and help future management of the material and instruments.
{"title":"AVAILABILITY OF INSTRUMENT AND MATERIAL IN THE ORTHODONTIC CLINIC, FACULTY OF DENTISTRY UNIVERSITY OF MALAYA- AN AUDIT","authors":"N. AbRahman, Wang Wn","doi":"10.22452/ADUM.VOL21NO1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/ADUM.VOL21NO1.4","url":null,"abstract":"The audit aimed to investigate the availability of orthodontic instruments and materials at Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya. The standard was set as 100% of instruments and materials should be available when required for orthodontic treatment. The form comprised of six sections, which listed the commonly used instruments and materials involved in the procedures of impression taking, fitting and removal of molar bands, bonding and debonding of orthodontic brackets and activation of orthodontic appliances. The fifth section listed the less commonly used instruments and materials and a part for the clinician to list down instruments that were used but not listed in the form. Whilst the last section is for the clinician to list down the instruments or materials that were not available when requested. A total of 567 forms were completed and it was found that 97.6% instruments and 98.6% materials were available. Overall, 22 types of instruments were temporary not available with frequency mean of 2.1 (Minimum: 1; Maximum: 7) whilst 6 types of materials were temporary not available with a frequency mean of 2.3 (Minimum: 1; Maximum: 8). In conclusion, majority of the instruments and materials required during orthodontic clinical sessions were available. The check list of frequently used orthodontic instruments and materials from this audit could aid inventory and help future management of the material and instruments.","PeriodicalId":75515,"journal":{"name":"Annals of dentistry","volume":"21 1","pages":"24-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68630885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-06-30DOI: 10.22452/ADUM.VOL21NO1.6
B. Elamathi, R. Vijaya, Valliappan, A. Ramanathan
According to the 3rd edition of the international classification of headache disorders (ICHD3 2013), Trigeminal Neuralgia (TN) is classified into two types: 1. Classical TN, purely paroxysmal 2. Classical TN with concomitant persistent facial pain. In this article, the authors describe a 47 year-old, male with unilateral, severe, recurring, electric shock-like pain involving left lower jaw, teeth and gingiva. Diagnosis of classical TN of the left 3rd division of the trigeminal nerve was made. The patient was treated with pharmacotherapeutic agents but without relief. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain showed medial vascular compression of left trigeminal pontine root entry zone caused by superior cerebellar artery. A microvascular decompression (MVD) surgery was done at the left trigeminal pontine root entry zone resulting in good relief of pain. This article highlights the differential diagnoses to be considered with TN and also emphasize the difference between the two types of the TN according to ICDH3 (2013). It also highlights the difference between classical TN purely paroxysmal with and without vascular compression by imaging techniques and their differing treatment modalities, which therefore should be reflected in future ICDH classification.
{"title":"Classical Trigeminal Neuralgia, Purely Paroxysmal With Vascular Compression - A Case Report","authors":"B. Elamathi, R. Vijaya, Valliappan, A. Ramanathan","doi":"10.22452/ADUM.VOL21NO1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/ADUM.VOL21NO1.6","url":null,"abstract":"According to the 3rd edition of the international classification of headache disorders (ICHD3 2013), Trigeminal Neuralgia (TN) is classified into two types: 1. Classical TN, purely paroxysmal 2. Classical TN with concomitant persistent facial pain. In this article, the authors describe a 47 year-old, male with unilateral, severe, recurring, electric shock-like pain involving left lower jaw, teeth and gingiva. Diagnosis of classical TN of the left 3rd division of the trigeminal nerve was made. The patient was treated with pharmacotherapeutic agents but without relief. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain showed medial vascular compression of left trigeminal pontine root entry zone caused by superior cerebellar artery. A microvascular decompression (MVD) surgery was done at the left trigeminal pontine root entry zone resulting in good relief of pain. This article highlights the differential diagnoses to be considered with TN and also emphasize the difference between the two types of the TN according to ICDH3 (2013). It also highlights the difference between classical TN purely paroxysmal with and without vascular compression by imaging techniques and their differing treatment modalities, which therefore should be reflected in future ICDH classification.","PeriodicalId":75515,"journal":{"name":"Annals of dentistry","volume":"21 1","pages":"38-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68631043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-06-30DOI: 10.22452/ADUM.VOL21NO1.1
J. John, R. Zain, L. C. Helen-Ng, W. Ngeow
The present day process of scholarly communication relies heavily on books, monographs, conference proceedings, and most importantly on academic journals. Publishing in peer-reviewed academic journals offers a tremendous prospect for those who wish to share and communicate new original ideas, knowledge and the results of research to their professional communities. It is the responsibility of the editorial and publication teams to promote a wider readership and create awareness of the scope of the journal. The Annals of Dentistry of Malaya (ADUM) has been the official publication of the Faculty of Dentistry, the University of Malaya since 1994. The primary objective of ADUM was to offer a platform for the dissemination of research findings of its academic staff. To date, this peer-reviewed journal has published 20 issues comprising invited editorial, original research, interesting and challenging case reports and scientific literature reviews. With the vision for the University to become a World Class Research University and the emphasis of its faculty members to undertake high-quality research and publish in high impact scholarly international journals for promotion.
{"title":"Being Relevant and Surviving the Onslaught of an Information Technology Era","authors":"J. John, R. Zain, L. C. Helen-Ng, W. Ngeow","doi":"10.22452/ADUM.VOL21NO1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/ADUM.VOL21NO1.1","url":null,"abstract":"The present day process of scholarly communication relies heavily on books, monographs, conference proceedings, and most importantly on academic journals. Publishing in peer-reviewed academic journals offers a tremendous prospect for those who wish to share and communicate new original ideas, knowledge and the results of research to their professional communities. It is the responsibility of the editorial and publication teams to promote a wider readership and create awareness of the scope of the journal. The Annals of Dentistry of Malaya (ADUM) has been the official publication of the Faculty of Dentistry, the University of Malaya since 1994. The primary objective of ADUM was to offer a platform for the dissemination of research findings of its academic staff. To date, this peer-reviewed journal has published 20 issues comprising invited editorial, original research, interesting and challenging case reports and scientific literature reviews. With the vision for the University to become a World Class Research University and the emphasis of its faculty members to undertake high-quality research and publish in high impact scholarly international journals for promotion.","PeriodicalId":75515,"journal":{"name":"Annals of dentistry","volume":"21 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68631217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-31DOI: 10.22452/ADUM.VOL20NO2.3
M. Asma, S. L. Ho, J. Yong, N. Nor, Z. Yusof
Aim: In response to the introduction of an integrated dental education program at University of Malaya (UM) in 2011, a study was conducted to develop a caries risk assessment model (CRA) for use in non-surgical caries management for Year 3 and 4 students of the new integrated program.Methods: The CRA model was based on risk indicators used by dental students in the Preventive Dental Clinic (PDC). Patients aged 15 years and above who attended the PDC for the first time in year 2009 and 2010 were used as study sample. Four hundred and fourteen patient names were identified from the student PDC logbook. Of the 414, 359 dental records had complete data and included in the analysis. Data were analysed using SPSS version 17.0. Chi-square test was used for group comparison and associated factors for coronal caries were analysed using Multiple Logistic Regression (MLR). Results: The final model showed that adults, brushing teeth once daily, and not having dental prosthesis/appliance were 3.31 (CI=1.64-6.69), 2.53 (CI=1.19-5.40), and 2.25 (CI=1.25-4.10) more likely to develop coronal caries, respectively, than adolescents, brushing teeth at least twice a day, and having dental prosthesis/appliance. Conclusions: The results indicate that age group, toothbrushing frequency and dental prosthesis status are significant indicators for coronal caries among patients. Outcomes of the study contributed towards bridging the gap between cariology and preventive modules in the new integrated dental program.
{"title":"Developing a caries risk assessment model for patients attending University Malaya dental clinic","authors":"M. Asma, S. L. Ho, J. Yong, N. Nor, Z. Yusof","doi":"10.22452/ADUM.VOL20NO2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/ADUM.VOL20NO2.3","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: In response to the introduction of an integrated dental education program at University of Malaya (UM) in 2011, a study was conducted to develop a caries risk assessment model (CRA) for use in non-surgical caries management for Year 3 and 4 students of the new integrated program.Methods: The CRA model was based on risk indicators used by dental students in the Preventive Dental Clinic (PDC). Patients aged 15 years and above who attended the PDC for the first time in year 2009 and 2010 were used as study sample. Four hundred and fourteen patient names were identified from the student PDC logbook. Of the 414, 359 dental records had complete data and included in the analysis. Data were analysed using SPSS version 17.0. Chi-square test was used for group comparison and associated factors for coronal caries were analysed using Multiple Logistic Regression (MLR). Results: The final model showed that adults, brushing teeth once daily, and not having dental prosthesis/appliance were 3.31 (CI=1.64-6.69), 2.53 (CI=1.19-5.40), and 2.25 (CI=1.25-4.10) more likely to develop coronal caries, respectively, than adolescents, brushing teeth at least twice a day, and having dental prosthesis/appliance. Conclusions: The results indicate that age group, toothbrushing frequency and dental prosthesis status are significant indicators for coronal caries among patients. Outcomes of the study contributed towards bridging the gap between cariology and preventive modules in the new integrated dental program.","PeriodicalId":75515,"journal":{"name":"Annals of dentistry","volume":"20 1","pages":"9-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68631018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-31DOI: 10.22452/ADUM.VOL20NO2.6
S. W. Chan, F. Hartanto, L. Auzair, N. F. M. Tahir, N. Harun, L. Aung, C. Siar
Conventional oral squamous cell carcinomas are readily recognized histopathologically but the presence of additional atypical features may be challenging from a diagnostic point of view. We present a case of a welldifferentiated oral squamous cell carcinoma with pseudoglandular differentiation and discuss the possible differential diagnoses on a histopathological basis. Accurate diagnosis is imperative for timely and appropriate intervention and denotes distinctive prognostic implications. The presence of perivascular and perineural infiltrations as observed in this case would indicate the need for further post-operative therapeutic decision-making aimed at controlling local spread as well as distant metastases.
{"title":"Oral squamous cell carcinoma with pseudo- glandular differentiation","authors":"S. W. Chan, F. Hartanto, L. Auzair, N. F. M. Tahir, N. Harun, L. Aung, C. Siar","doi":"10.22452/ADUM.VOL20NO2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/ADUM.VOL20NO2.6","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional oral squamous cell carcinomas are readily recognized histopathologically but the presence of additional atypical features may be challenging from a diagnostic point of view. We present a case of a welldifferentiated oral squamous cell carcinoma with pseudoglandular differentiation and discuss the possible differential diagnoses on a histopathological basis. Accurate diagnosis is imperative for timely and appropriate intervention and denotes distinctive prognostic implications. The presence of perivascular and perineural infiltrations as observed in this case would indicate the need for further post-operative therapeutic decision-making aimed at controlling local spread as well as distant metastases.","PeriodicalId":75515,"journal":{"name":"Annals of dentistry","volume":"20 1","pages":"29-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68631197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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