Agricultural Water Management最新文献_第7页

Optimizing water-fertilizer management to regulate soil environment can reduce greenhouse effect and enhance net eco-economic efficiency of wheat production 优化水肥管理调节土壤环境可以减少温室效应，提高小麦生产的净生态经济效益

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2025.110103

Donghua Liu , Peng Chen , Ting Zhang , Tingyu Liu , Miaomaio Ye , Chunxi Li , Lina Jiang , Deqi Zhang , Shengxiu Ge , Xingying Chen , Jianhui Ma

The dual challenges of ensuring food security and achieving carbon neutrality are placing increasing pressure on the sustainability of agricultural development. Agriculture is a significant source of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and irrigation and fertilization management are critical factors that influence GHG emissions from farmland. Thus, a field experiment was conducted for two years to evaluate the effects of drip irrigation and flood irrigation combined with different nitrogen application rates (N1: 120 kg ha⁻¹, N2: 240 kg ha⁻¹, and N3: 300 kg ha⁻¹) on the wheat yield, GHG emissions, and net eco-economic benefits. Compared with flood irrigation, drip irrigation reduced the N₂O and CO₂ emission fluxes, and enhanced CH₄ uptake, with only a marginal yield reduction. Economic analysis indicated that drip irrigation combined with N2 reduced the production inputs and carbon emission costs, improving the net eco-economic benefits. Under drip irrigation, moderate nitrogen application (240 kg ha⁻¹) achieved the best balance among yield, emission reduction and economic benefits. These results highlight the potential of integrated water and nitrogen management for regulating soil conditions and microbial activity, thereby helping to reduce GHG emissions from farmland. These findings provide practical insights to facilitate the promotion of low-carbon agriculture practices, as well as a valuable reference for policy-making and decision-making under the goal of sustainable agricultural intensification. Future research should focus on long-term multi-site research and also consider soil carbon dynamics to refine farmland carbon footprint assessments and support carbon neutrality goals.

确保粮食安全和实现碳中和的双重挑战正在给农业发展的可持续性带来越来越大的压力。农业是全球温室气体排放的重要来源，灌溉和施肥管理是影响农田温室气体排放的关键因素。为此，通过2年的田间试验，评价了滴灌和洪灌配合不同施氮量（N1: 120 kg ha - 1、N2: 240 kg ha - 1和N3: 300 kg ha - 1）对小麦产量、温室气体排放和净生态经济效益的影响。与漫灌相比，滴灌降低了N2O和CO2的排放通量，增加了CH4的吸收，但产量仅略有下降。经济分析表明，滴灌与N2结合降低了生产投入和碳排放成本，提高了净生态经济效益。滴灌条件下，适量施氮（240 kg ha−1）可达到产量、减排和经济效益的最佳平衡。这些结果强调了水氮综合管理在调节土壤条件和微生物活动方面的潜力，从而有助于减少农田温室气体排放。这些研究结果为促进低碳农业实践提供了实践见解，也为农业可持续集约化目标下的政策制定和决策提供了有价值的参考。未来的研究应侧重于长期的多站点研究，并考虑土壤碳动态，以完善农田碳足迹评估，支持碳中和目标。

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引用次数: 0

Optimizing light gradient boosting machine with the slime mould algorithm for reference evapotranspiration estimation 用黏菌算法优化光梯度增强机，估算参考蒸散量

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2025.110107

Hanmi Zhou , Yumin Su , Linshuang Ma , Jichen Li , Sibo Lu , Cheng Chen , Youzhen Xiang , Runze Li , Zhe Peng , Ru Huang

Accurate estimation of reference evapotranspiration (ETo) is crucial for achieving precision irrigation and sustainable water resource management, particularly in regions with limited meteorological observation data. This study employed the Gradient Boosting Decision Tree (GBDT) feature selection method to quantify the influence of meteorological factors on ETo and constructed estimation models. The key hyperparameters of the Light Gradient Boosting (LGB) model were optimized using the Slime Mould Algorithm (SMA), thereby establishing the novel hybrid optimization model (SMA-LGB). Using 30 years of daily meteorological data from the Songliao Plain, the performance of different ETo models was systematically evaluated. The results indicated that the ETo estimation accuracy improved as the number of input meteorological factors increased. Significant regional differences in ETo estimation accuracy were observed, with lower RMSE values in the southeastern regions and higher values in the northern areas. Compared to traditional machine learning models, the SMA-LGB model, which incorporates bio-inspired optimization algorithms, demonstrated higher accuracy and more stable performance under different factor combinations and spatial contexts. Notably, when data were missing at the target station, the SMA-LGB model still maintained high accuracy (R² > 0.9, RMSE < 0.5 mm/d) by relying on data from nearby stations. Moreover, under identical conditions with limited meteorological inputs, SMA-LGB consistently outperformed the locally calibrated Hargreaves-Samani (H-S) empirical model, achieving higher accuracy and more stable performance in ETo estimation. Overall, the SMA-LGB model significantly enhances both the accuracy and robustness of ETo estimation across the Songliao Plain, providing a reliable reference for crop water requirement assessment, precision irrigation decision-making, and refined agricultural water resources management.

准确估算参考蒸散量（ETo）对于实现精准灌溉和可持续水资源管理至关重要，特别是在气象观测数据有限的地区。本研究采用梯度增强决策树（GBDT）特征选择方法量化气象因子对ETo的影响，并构建估计模型。利用黏菌算法（SMA）对光梯度增强（LGB）模型的关键超参数进行优化，建立了新型混合优化模型（SMA-LGB）。利用松辽平原30年的逐日气象资料，系统地评价了不同ETo模型的性能。结果表明，随着输入气象因子数量的增加，ETo估算精度有所提高。ETo估算精度的区域差异显著，东南地区RMSE较低，北部地区RMSE较高。与传统的机器学习模型相比，采用仿生优化算法的SMA-LGB模型在不同因子组合和空间环境下表现出更高的精度和更稳定的性能。值得注意的是，当目标站数据缺失时，SMA-LGB模型仍然依靠附近站点的数据保持较高的精度（R²> 0.9, RMSE < 0.5 mm/d）。此外，在相同条件下，在有限的气象输入条件下，SMA-LGB持续优于本地校准的Hargreaves-Samani （H-S）经验模型，在ETo估计中获得更高的精度和更稳定的性能。总体而言，SMA-LGB模型显著提高了松辽平原ETo估算的精度和鲁棒性，为作物需水量评估、精准灌溉决策和精细农业水资源管理提供了可靠的参考依据。

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引用次数: 0

Research on inversion and prediction of root region soil water content in kiwifruit based on hyperparameter tuning by transformer-DsaGRU 基于dsagru变压器超参数整定的猕猴桃根区土壤含水量反演与预测研究

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2025.110080

Xinshuai Li, Zili Chen, Jingyuan He, Qingyuan Liu, Zhen Niu, Zhilong Gao, Zefeng Jia, Zijie Niu, Dongyan Zhang, Mingu Zhou

The fruit expansion period of kiwifruit is highly sensitive to water demand, and the precise monitoring and prediction of root zone soil water content (RSWC) are crucial for ensuring fruit quality and yield. This study develops a Transformer–DsaGRU model that fuses UAV multispectral indices, meteorological variables and a rainfall-threshold-based dynamic step-size adjustment (Dsa) to forecast plant-scale RSWC. Field campaigns were conducted in a kiwifruit orchard in Meixian County, Shaanxi Province, China, over three growing seasons (2023–2025), yielding 3288 plant-day samples from 54 vines. After feature selection via Pearson correlation (p < 0.05) and mutual information, 12 core variables were retained and their contributions quantified using SHAP analysis. With a base input window of 10 days and Dsa-driven extension to 12 days under daily rainfall > 0.2 mm, the Transformer–DsaGRU achieved determination coefficients (R²) of 0.78 and 0.75 and mean absolute errors (MAE) of 1.11 and 1.06 % v/v for 1- and 2-day-ahead RSWC forecasts, respectively, outperforming RNN, LSTM, GRU and TCN baselines. Independent extrapolation using the 2025 data showed that the model maintains acceptable skill across phenological stages, indicating robust generalization to an unseen year. Nevertheless, the present work is constrained by the limited spatial extent of a single orchard, the focus on a specific growth phase, future studies will extend to more sites, phenological phases and soil–crop variables to support wider irrigation applications.

猕猴桃果实膨大期对水分需求高度敏感，准确监测和预测根区土壤含水量对保证果实品质和产量至关重要。本研究开发了一个Transformer-DsaGRU模型，该模型融合了无人机多光谱指数、气象变量和基于降雨阈值的动态步长调整（Dsa）来预测植物尺度的RSWC。田间试验在中国陕西省梅县的一个猕猴桃果园进行，历时三个生长季节（2023-2025年），从54株葡萄藤中获得3288个种植日样品。通过Pearson相关（p <； 0.05）和互信息进行特征选择后，保留12个核心变量，并使用SHAP分析对其贡献进行量化。在日降雨量>； 0.2 mm条件下，基本输入窗口为10天，dsa驱动扩展至12天，变压器- dsagru预测1天和2天前RSWC预报的确定系数（R²）分别为0.78和0.75，平均绝对误差（MAE）分别为1.11和1.06 % v/v，优于RNN、LSTM、GRU和TCN基线。使用2025年数据的独立外推表明，该模型在物候阶段保持了可接受的技能，表明了对未知年份的稳健推广。然而，目前的工作受到单个果园有限的空间范围的限制，重点放在特定的生长阶段，未来的研究将扩展到更多的地点，物候阶段和土壤作物变量，以支持更广泛的灌溉应用。

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引用次数: 0

Landscapes of uncertainty: Mangrove rice farmers' perceptions of rainfall variability and climate change adaptation in three coastal regions of Guinea-Bissau, West Africa 不确定的景观：西非几内亚比绍三个沿海地区红树林稻农对降雨变异和气候变化适应的看法

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110120

Alexandre Badiane , Daniesse Sannara Kasanoski , Orlando Mendes , Marie-Paule Bonnet , et Rui M. Sá

Rainfall variability poses growing challenges to mangrove rice farming in Guinea-Bissau, threatening both local livelihoods and food security. This study investigates how farmers in the coastal regions of Cacheu, Oio, and Tombali perceive changing rainfall patterns and adapt their cropping calendars accordingly. Using a companion modelling approach, we co-designed a serious game with 45 mangrove rice farmers from 13 villages, complemented by group interviews and participant observation. The results reveal that farmers possess detailed, experience-based knowledge of rainfall variability—particularly regarding the delayed onset, mid-season dry spells, and early cessation of rains—which directly influences key agricultural decisions such as nursery establishment, transplanting, and harvesting. Through the serious game, participants collectively identified and validated four main adaptation strategies: (1) flexible adjustments to cropping systems (e.g., shifting to direct seeding in erratic years), (2) strategic use of short- and medium-cycle rice varieties, (3) enhanced water management through reinforced dykes and drainage innovations, and (4) diversification into complementary livelihood activities such as cashew cultivation and fishing. The serious game proved to be an effective tool for facilitating dialogue, sharing local knowledge, and collectively refining context-specific adaptation pathways. These findings underscore the value of integrating farmers’ ecological knowledge with participatory methodologies to support resilient agricultural planning under climate uncertainty.

降雨变化给几内亚比绍的红树林水稻种植带来越来越大的挑战，威胁着当地的生计和粮食安全。本研究调查了卡库、奥伊奥和通巴利沿海地区的农民如何感知降雨模式的变化，并相应地调整他们的种植日历。采用同伴建模方法，我们与来自13个村庄的45名红树林稻农共同设计了一个严肃的游戏，并辅以小组访谈和参与者观察。结果表明，农民拥有详细的、基于经验的降雨变化知识，特别是关于延迟开始、季中干旱和提前停止降雨的知识，这直接影响到关键的农业决策，如苗圃建立、移植和收获。通过严谨的游戏，参与者共同确定并验证了四种主要的适应策略：(1)灵活调整种植制度（例如，在不稳定的年份转向直接播种），(2)战略性地使用短周期和中周期水稻品种，(3)通过加固堤坝和创新排水来加强水资源管理，以及(4)多样化到互补的生计活动，如腰果种植和捕鱼。事实证明，这个严肃的游戏是促进对话、分享当地知识和集体提炼特定环境适应途径的有效工具。这些发现强调了将农民的生态知识与参与式方法相结合，以支持气候不确定性下的弹性农业规划的价值。

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引用次数: 0

Innovative synergistic optimization of drip irrigation and subsurface drainage for alleviating salinization and improving crop productivity in arid irrigation district 干旱灌区滴灌与地下排水创新协同优化缓解盐渍化，提高作物生产力

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2025.110089

Yi Liu , Chang Ao , Wenzhi Zeng , Zhen Li , Donglin Jiang , Javlonbek Ishchanov

Drip irrigation, as a core water-saving technology in arid regions, holds great potential for improving agricultural water productivity, but its effectiveness is often constrained by soil salinization and improper coordination with drainage systems. This study introduces a synergistic framework combining drip irrigation and subsurface drainage to enhance water productivity and reduce root-zone salinity in the Kaidu River Irrigation District, China. The SWAT-Salt model, calibrated and validated with hydrological, salinity, and crop data, was used to simulate water-salt dynamics under drip irrigation. A projection pursuit model coupled with an accelerated genetic algorithm was applied to assess 252 scenarios, focusing on drip irrigation intervals (5–14 d), winter leaching depths (150–450 mm), and subsurface drainage parameters (depth: 1.0–2.0 m; spacing: 10–100 m). Results highlighted significant spatial variability in optimal drip irrigation frequencies, increasing from upstream to downstream: 9 d intervals for wheat, 7 d intervals for maize, and 7–10 d intervals for tomato and pepper in southern regions with higher percolation rates. Optimized drip irrigation, when synergized with tailored drainage, enhanced crop yields by 8.7 %-10.1 % for wheat, 12.6 %-16.8 % for maize, 6.7 %-11.6 % for tomato, and 11.4 %-14.5 % for pepper. Drip irrigation optimization reduced deep percolation losses, improved water productivity by 4.0 %-11.7 %, and, combined with drainage, decreased soil electrical conductivity by 13.3 %-19.3 %. Economic benefits increased by 1530–6450 yuan ha⁻¹ , driven by improved drip irrigation efficiency and salt leaching effectiveness. This study demonstrates that precision drip irrigation tailored to crop type, soil texture, and salinity conditions, when integrated with subsurface drainage, is critical for sustainable agriculture in arid saline regions. The proposed framework provides actionable strategies for optimizing drip irrigation management to balance water conservation, salinization mitigation, and productivity gains.

滴灌作为干旱区的一项核心节水技术，在提高农业水分生产力方面具有巨大潜力，但其有效性往往受到土壤盐渍化和与排水系统协调不当的制约。本研究在开都河灌区引入了滴灌与地下排水相结合的协同框架，以提高水分生产力并降低根区盐度。SWAT-Salt模型通过水文、盐度和作物数据进行校准和验证，用于模拟滴灌条件下的水盐动态。结合加速遗传算法的投影追踪模型对252种情况进行了评估，重点关注滴灌间隔（5-14 d）、冬季浸出深度（150-450 mm）和地下排水参数（深度：1.0-2.0 m；间距：10-100 m）。结果表明，在渗流速率较高的南方地区，小麦的最佳滴灌频率为9 d，玉米为7 d，番茄和辣椒为7 - 10 d。优化滴灌与定制排水配合使用，小麦增产8.7 % ~ 10.1 %，玉米增产12.6 % ~ 16.8 %，番茄增产6.7 % ~ 11.6 %，辣椒增产11.4 % ~ 14.5 %。滴灌优化减少了深层渗透损失，提高了4.0 % ~ 11.7 %的水分生产力，结合排水，土壤电导率降低了13.3% % ~ 19.3 %。经济效益增加1530-6450元ha⁻¹ ，这是由于滴灌效率和盐浸效果的提高。该研究表明，根据作物类型、土壤质地和盐度条件量身定制的精准滴灌，与地下排水相结合，对干旱盐碱区的可持续农业至关重要。提出的框架为优化滴灌管理提供了可行的策略，以平衡水资源保护、盐渍化缓解和生产力提高。

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引用次数: 0

Agroeconomics of mulches and irrigation techniques for sustainable wheat production in arid regions 干旱地区小麦可持续生产地膜和灌溉技术的农业经济学

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2025.110091

Salman Ahmad , Muhammad Aown Sammar Raza , Muhammad Ali , Rashid Iqbal , Hossam S. El-Beltagi , Muhammad Usman Aslam , Monika Toleikiene , Imran Haider , Sajid Ullah , Khairiah Mubarak Alwutayd , Hassan Mehmood

Drought-induced reduction in wheat yield is a serious threat to food security. To avoid this, many management strategies are being adopted, but owing to costs and site-specific non availability, these techniques are often not deployed on a larger scale. Therefore, the agro economics of drought management techniques is a prerequisite. In a two-year experiment, the economics of two regimes of irrigation, that is, control and partial root zone drying (PRD) irrigation, and four ground covers (un-mulched, black polyethylene plastics, wheat straw residue, and cotton sticks residue) in drought-stressed wheat were analyzed. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with a split plot arrangement with plots in four replications. Water deficit adversely affected important growth (plant height, leaf area index, and crop growth rate) and physiological (relative water content, stomatal conductance, photosynthesis) processes, but the application of mulches significantly mitigated the adverse impacts as well as enhanced grain yield and water use efficiency. The results revealed that the maximum yield (6.00 & 5.70 tonnes/ha) was achieved in combination with normal irrigation with black plastic mulch, while a higher water use efficiency (2.84 & 2.89 kg ha⁻¹ mm⁻¹) was achieved in PRD irrigation with black plastic mulch. Maximum production costs were recorded in the conventional irrigation system in combination with wheat residue (101,770 and 102,870 rupees/ 918.50 and 706.03 USD), The highest net field benefits (95,230 and 84,380 rupees/ 859.47 and 579.13 USD) were attained under normal irrigation with black plastics. It was concluded that a combination of black plastic mulch film provided the best results with control irrigation and PRD.

干旱导致的小麦减产是对粮食安全的严重威胁。为了避免这种情况，正在采用许多管理策略，但由于成本和特定地点的不可用性，这些技术通常不会大规模部署。因此，农业经济的干旱管理技术是一个先决条件。在一项为期两年的试验中，分析了两种灌溉制度，即控制和部分根区干燥（PRD）灌溉，以及四种地膜（未覆盖、黑色聚乙烯塑料、麦秸渣和棉花棒渣）在干旱胁迫下小麦的经济效益。试验采用完全随机区组设计，分区布置，4个重复。水分亏缺对重要的生长过程（株高、叶面积指数和作物生长速度）和生理过程（相对含水量、气孔导度、光合作用）产生不利影响，但覆盖显著减轻了不利影响，提高了籽粒产量和水分利用效率。结果表明，普通灌溉加黑膜灌溉的产量最高（6.00 &； 5.70吨/公顷），而珠江三角洲灌溉加黑膜灌溉的水分利用效率更高（2.84 & 2.89 kg ha−1 mm−1）。在常规灌溉系统中，使用小麦渣灌溉的生产成本最高（101,770和102,870卢比/ 918.50和706.03美元），使用黑色塑料灌溉的农田净效益最高（95,230和84,380卢比/ 859.47和579.13美元）。结果表明，黑色地膜配合控制灌溉和PRD灌溉效果最佳。

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引用次数: 0

Estimating actual evapotranspiration from widely available meteorological data with a hybrid CNN–LSTM 用CNN-LSTM混合方法从广泛可用的气象数据估计实际蒸散量

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2025-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2025.110078

Dong Kook Woo

Actual evapotranspiration (ETa) is critical for closing terrestrial water and energy budgets but remains poorly constrained where direct flux measurements are sparse. Many applications substitute reference evapotranspiration (ETo) for ETa, conflating atmospheric demand with realized flux. Here we develop a hybrid CNN–LSTM framework that estimates daily ETa directly from widely available station-type variables (radiation, temperature, vapor pressure deficit, wind, precipitation, pressure, soil moisture) plus static soil texture; ETo is used strictly as an auxiliary predictor rather than a surrogate target. Using 167 FLUXNET sites spanning diverse biomes, the model explains 92% of daily variance in withheld tower data (validation R²=0.92; RMSE=0.38 mm d⁻¹), with comparable performance on an independent test set. Ablation indicates solar radiation, pressure, wind, and vapor pressure deficit are most informative; a coarse vegetation class adds noise, and ETo delivers only modest marginal benefit once constituent drivers are included. We deploy the model with ERA5 forcings to produce global ETa fields for 2012 and 2024. Spatial patterns align closely with ERA5, and daily performance is highest across snow-influenced continental climates, while arid and high-latitude regions show larger discrepancies, reflecting known uncertainties in both training data and reanalysis benchmarks. By leveraging standard meteorological observations, the approach enables temporally continuous ETa estimates without reliance on ETo surrogacy or dense satellite coverage, providing a practical benchmark for hydrologic modelling, drought monitoring, irrigation planning, and land-surface model evaluation.

实际蒸散发对于关闭陆地水和能源收支至关重要，但在直接通量测量很少的地方，实际蒸散发的限制仍然很差。许多应用以参考蒸散发（ETo）代替ETa，将大气需求与实际通量混为一谈。在这里，我们开发了一个混合CNN-LSTM框架，直接从广泛可用的台站类型变量（辐射、温度、蒸汽压差、风、降水、压力、土壤湿度）和静态土壤质地估计每日ETa；ETo严格地用作辅助预测器，而不是替代目标。使用跨越不同生物群落的167个FLUXNET站点，该模型解释了保留的塔数据中92%的日常方差（验证R2=0.92； RMSE=0.38 mm d - 1），在独立测试集上具有可比的性能。消融指示太阳辐射、压力、风和蒸汽压亏损最具信息量；粗糙的植被类别增加了噪音，一旦包括组成驱动因素，ETo只能提供适度的边际效益。我们将该模型与ERA5强迫一起部署，以生产2012年和2024年的全球ETa油田。空间模式与ERA5密切相关，在受雪影响的大陆性气候中，日表现最高，而干旱和高纬度地区的差异更大，反映了训练数据和再分析基准的已知不确定性。通过利用标准的气象观测，该方法可以在不依赖于ETo替代或密集卫星覆盖的情况下实现暂时连续的ETa估计，为水文建模、干旱监测、灌溉规划和陆地表面模型评估提供实用基准。

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引用次数: 0

Assessing the performance of multi-timescale drought indices for monitoring agricultural drought impacts on wheat yield 农业干旱对小麦产量影响的多时间尺度干旱指标评价

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2025-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2025.110092

Mahsa Bozorgi , Jordi Cristóbal , Jaume Casadesús

Crop yields are increasingly threatened by intensifying droughts in southern Europe, yet the long-term, spatially explicit quantification of yield response to agricultural drought remains limited. Remote sensing can address this gap by providing continuous spatiotemporal estimates of crop water stress. This study quantified the response of wheat yield to agricultural drought from 2003 to 2021 across four autonomous communities in Spain—La Rioja, Castilla y León, Castilla-La Mancha, and Andalucía—using three drought indicators, including a meteorological drought index, the Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), and two remote sensing-based indices, the Standardized Precipitation-Actual Evapotranspiration Index (SPET) and the Standardized Evapotranspiration Deficit Index (SEDI), derived from a physical model that estimates actual crop evapotranspiration (ET_{c act}). Drought indices were aggregated at timescales from 1 to 12 months to identify the accumulation of timescales most relevant to wheat yield variability in each region. Results indicated that correlations varied spatially, with the strongest wheat yield–drought correlation in La Rioja (r = 0.79 for SPEI, 0.62 for SPET, and 0.81 for SEDI) and the weakest in Andalucía (r ≈ 0.33–0.35). Mediterranean regions (Andalucía and Castilla-La Mancha) showed the strongest correlation at short timescales (1–3 month) during late spring, while temperate continental regions (Castilla y León and La Rioja) responded to longer timescales (3–6 month) in early summer. Among indices, SEDI exhibited the strongest and most consistent correlation with wheat yield variability. These results highlight the value of integrating remotely sensed ET_{c act} with ERA5 reanalysis for region-specific drought monitoring, offering significant potential for advancing operational agricultural water management strategies under increasing drought frequency and climate change.

南欧日益严重的干旱对作物产量的威胁越来越大，但对农业干旱对产量响应的长期、空间明确量化仍然有限。遥感可以通过提供作物水分胁迫的连续时空估计来弥补这一差距。本研究量化了2003 - 2021年西班牙拉里奥哈、卡斯蒂利亚León、卡斯蒂利亚-拉曼查和Andalucía-using 4个自治区小麦产量对农业干旱的响应，包括气象干旱指数、标准化降水-蒸散指数（SPEI）和2个基于遥感的指数。标准化降水-实际蒸散指数（SPET）和标准化蒸散亏缺指数（SEDI），这两个指数来源于估算实际作物蒸散的物理模型（ETc act）。在1 ~ 12个月的时间尺度上汇总干旱指数，以确定与每个地区小麦产量变异最相关的时间尺度积累。结果表明，小麦产量与干旱的相关性在空间上存在差异，拉里奥哈小麦产量与干旱的相关性最强（r = 0.79,SPET = 0.62, SEDI = 0.81）， Andalucía小麦产量与干旱的相关性最弱（r ≈ 0.33-0.35）。地中海地区（Andalucía和Castilla-La Mancha）在春末的短时间尺度（1-3个月）上的相关性最强，而温带大陆地区（Castilla - León和La Rioja）在初夏的长时间尺度（3-6个月）上的相关性最强。其中，SEDI与小麦产量变异的相关性最强且最一致。这些结果突出了将遥感ETc行为与ERA5再分析相结合用于特定区域干旱监测的价值，为在干旱频率和气候变化日益频繁的情况下推进经营性农业水资源管理战略提供了巨大潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Soil fertility matters most: Rainfed maize productivity under integrated water and nutrient management on granitic sands in sub-humid Zimbabwe 土壤肥力最重要：在半湿润的津巴布韦花岗质砂上，水肥综合管理下的雨养玉米生产力

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2025.110093

Connie Madembo, Isaiah Nyagumbo

Agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) faces the dual challenge of increasing food production while minimizing environmental degradation. Declining rainfed cereal yields are largely attributed to soil degradation, poor fertility management, and drought-related water deficits. While soil fertility and water conservation have traditionally been studied separately, integrated approaches may offer more sustainable solutions. This study evaluated the effects of water and fertility management practices on maize grain yield, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and volumetric soil moisture content at Domboshawa Training Centre, Zimbabwe, across multiple seasons. A split-plot design tested four tillage systems and four fertility regimes, replicated four times. Seasonal water availability was assessed using the Water Requirement Satisfaction Index (WRSI), where values above 50 % indicate sufficient moisture for maize growth. WRSI values ranged from 38 % to 69 %, with the highest rainfall and crop performance in the 2011/12 season. NDVI values peaked at 0.6 in the 2015/16 season, also higher under treatments combining water management with manure + basal fertiliser, compared to other fertility options. Tied ridging significantly increased topsoil moisture by 36.5 % in 2013/14 season, though these moisture gains did not translate into higher yields. Grain yield was significantly influenced by fertility regime and seasonal rainfall, but not by water conservation practices. Peak yields reached 4.6 t ha⁻¹ in 2013/14, with manure + basal fertiliser averaging 4.3 t ha⁻¹. Findings suggest that in sub-humid environments with 600–800 mm annual rainfall, integrating organic and inorganic fertility inputs, should be prioritized over water management interventions to sustainably improve maize productivity.

撒哈拉以南非洲（SSA）的农业面临着增加粮食产量和尽量减少环境退化的双重挑战。旱作谷物产量下降的主要原因是土壤退化、肥力管理不善以及与干旱有关的缺水。虽然土壤肥力和水土保持传统上是分开研究的，但综合方法可能提供更可持续的解决办法。本研究在津巴布韦Domboshawa培训中心评估了水肥管理措施对玉米籽粒产量、归一化植被指数（NDVI）和土壤体积水分含量的影响。分块设计测试了四种耕作制度和四种肥力制度，重复了四次。利用水分需求满意度指数（WRSI）评估季节水分有效性，其中高于50% %表明玉米生长所需水分充足。WRSI值为38 % ~ 69 %，2011/12季降雨量和作物产量最高。2015/16季NDVI值达到峰值0.6，与其他施肥方案相比，水管理与粪肥+ 基肥相结合的处理也更高。结垄在2013/14季显著提高了表层土壤水分36.5% %，但这些水分的增加并没有转化为更高的产量。粮食产量受肥力制度和季节降雨的显著影响，但不受节水措施的影响。2013/14年度产量峰值达到4.6 t ha - 1，粪肥+ 基肥平均产量为4.3 t ha - 1。研究结果表明，在年降雨量为600-800 mm的半湿润环境中，应优先考虑有机和无机肥力投入，而不是水管理干预措施，以持续提高玉米生产力。

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引用次数: 0

Integrated effects of rainwater harvesting and organic fertilization on soil structure and aggregates in a rainfed orchards on the Loess Plateau 集雨与有机肥对黄土高原旱作果园土壤结构和团聚体的综合影响

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2025.110088

Wenjing Su , Bin Li , Xiaofeng Ouyang , Shufang Wu , Hao Feng , Kadambot H.M. Siddique

Rainwater harvesting (WH) and organic fertilizer (OF) are important strategies to alleviate water shortage and soil degradation in rain-fed orchards on the Loess Plateau. However, the integrated mechanism of WH and OF combined with soil improvement has been rarely studied. Therefore, we implemented a novel WHIOF system integrating rainwater collection, supplementary irrigation, and organic fertilizer in a rainfed apple orchard. Five treatments were tested: conventional management (CK), WH only, WH with irrigation (WHI), WHI + low OF (WHIOF1), and WHI + high OF (WHIOF2). The results indicate that: (1) WHIOF significantly improved soil physical properties by reducing soil bulk density (BD), increasing porosity and enhancing saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks). Organic fertilization elevated soil organic matter (SOM) content and substantially increased the proportion of macroaggregate. (2) WHIOF amplified soil surface charge density (σ₀), specific surface area (SSA), and interparticle attraction by modulating electrostatic and van der Waals forces, thereby reducing aggregate disruption (PAD). (3) Water-stable aggregate stability (WGMD) was tightly linked to SOM (r = 0.96, p < 0.01), surface electrochemical properties (e.g., SSA) governed aggregate cohesion. Overall, these improvements in aggregate stability further enhance soil water retention capacity, mitigates erosion risks, optimizes water and nutrient use efficiency, and provides a healthy root environment for apple trees. These findings provide a mechanistic basis for sustainable soil management in rainfed apple orchards, demonstrating WHIOF as an innovative approach to enhance soil fertility and industry sustainability.

雨水收集和施用有机肥是缓解黄土高原雨养果园缺水和土壤退化的重要措施。然而，国内外对土壤改良中水肥、有机肥的综合作用机制研究甚少。因此，我们在一个雨养苹果园实施了一个集雨水收集、补充灌溉和有机肥于一体的新型whof系统。试验了五种处理：常规管理（CK）、纯WH、WH加灌溉（WHI）、WHI + 低OF （whof1）和WHI + 高OF （whof2）。结果表明：(1)whof通过降低土壤容重（BD）、增加孔隙度和提高饱和导水率（Ks）显著改善土壤物理性质。施用有机肥提高了土壤有机质含量，显著提高了大团聚体的比例。(2) whof通过调节静电和范德华力，增大了土壤表面电荷密度（σ0）、比表面积（SSA）和粒子间吸引力，从而降低了团聚体破坏（PAD）。(3)水稳性骨料稳定性（WGMD）与SOM密切相关（r = 0.96,p <； 0.01），表面电化学性质（如SSA）控制骨料的粘聚力。总体而言，这些团聚体稳定性的改善进一步增强了土壤的保水能力，减轻了侵蚀风险，优化了水分和养分的利用效率，为苹果树提供了健康的根系环境。这些发现为雨养苹果园土壤可持续管理提供了机制基础，证明了whof是一种提高土壤肥力和产业可持续性的创新方法。

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引用次数: 0