Agricultural Water Management最新文献_第9页

Conversion from farmland to orchard reshapes moisture recycling: Mechanistic insights and implications for water management on the Loess Plateau 从农田到果园的转变重塑了水分循环：黄土高原水管理的机制见解和启示

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110136

Jiaxin Wang , Jiahui Ha , Furong Zhang , Xueyan Zhang , Zhiming Han , Bingbing Li , Zhi Li

Moisture recycling is fundamental for regulating water supply in semi-arid regions; however, how vegetation change influences this process remains unclear. This study aimed to clarify how the conversion from farmland to orchard alters land–atmosphere water cycling and provide implications for improving agricultural water management on the Loess Plateau. We combined stable isotope tracing and soil water balance partitioning to quantify moisture recycling rates for different vegetation types (farmland and orchards of varying ages) on the Changwu Loess Tableland in China. We used δ²H–δ¹ ⁸O signatures to partition the contributions of three vapor sources—advection, plant transpiration, and soil evaporation—to precipitation, and further decomposed soil water balance components to interpret the mechanism by which vegetation change influences moisture recycling. After converting farmland to orchards, the soil water stored in 6–20 m declined by 9–20 %, deep percolation decreased from 28 mm·yr⁻¹ to almost zero, and annual soil water deficits reached up to 36 mm; in particular, orchard actual evapotranspiration (ET_a) exceeded annual precipitation (105–106 %, compared with 95 % for farmland). The transpiration to actual evapotranspiration ratio (T/ET_a) increased from 82 % to 88 %. Consequently, the proportion of recycled moisture in precipitation (f_re) increased from 20 % to 25 %, which was driven by a decline in evaporation contribution (f_E) and a rise in transpiration contribution (f_T), with f_T accounting for about 80 % of f_re. The proposed Recycling Efficiency Index (REI) revealed that apple orchards are characterized by a high risk of soil water deficit and suboptimal recycling benefits. Collectively, these findings reveal a chain of the vertical water cycle: deep-rooted plants extract deep soil water but limit recharge, and subsequently enhance local moisture recycling by increasing transpiration. Recognizing this dual effect of soil water depletion and enhanced recycling offers insights for improving water use efficiency and guiding sustainable orchard water management on the Loess Plateau.

水分循环是半干旱区调节供水的基础；然而，植被变化如何影响这一过程仍不清楚。本研究旨在阐明退耕还林对土壤-大气水循环的影响，为改善黄土高原农业用水管理提供参考。采用稳定同位素示踪和土壤水分平衡分区相结合的方法，对长武黄土塬区不同植被类型（农田和不同年龄的果园）的水分循环速率进行了定量分析。我们利用δ²H -δ¹ ⁸O特征来划分平流、植物蒸腾和土壤蒸发三种水汽源对降水的贡献，并进一步分解土壤水分平衡成分来解释植被变化影响水分再循环的机制。退耕果园后，6-20 m土壤储水量下降了9-20 %，深层渗流从28 mm·yr（⁻¹ ）下降到几乎为零，年土壤亏水最高可达36 mm；特别是果园实际蒸散量（ETa）大于年降水量（105 ~ 106 %，农田为95 %）。蒸腾与实际蒸散比（T/ETa）由82 %增加到88 %。因此，降水中再循环水分的比例（fre）从20 %增加到25 %，这是由蒸发贡献（fE）的下降和蒸腾贡献（fT）的增加驱动的，其中fT约占fre的80 %。研究结果表明，苹果园土壤水分亏缺风险高，土壤循环效益不理想。总的来说，这些发现揭示了一个垂直水循环链：深根植物提取深层土壤水分，但限制补给，随后通过增加蒸腾作用增强局部水分循环。认识到土壤水分耗竭和加强循环利用的双重效应，为提高黄土高原果园水分利用效率和指导可持续的果园水资源管理提供了新的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of deficit irrigation on yield and nutritive value of alfalfa varieties in Northern Nevada’s semi-arid environment 亏缺灌溉对内华达北部半干旱环境下苜蓿品种产量和营养价值的影响

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110140

Uriel Cholula, Manuel A. Andrade, Juan K.Q. Solomon

Increasing water demands and prolonged droughts are forcing many farmers in Nevada to grow alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) under deficit irrigation (DI). While DI can increase crop water productivity (CWP), it can also lead to water stress conditions that reduce yield. This study assessed the effects of DI on yield, nutritive value, and CWP of two alfalfa varieties marketed as drought-tolerant (Ladak II) and highly productive (Stratica). An experiment was conducted at the Valley Road Field Lab in Reno, Nevada, over three growing seasons (2021–2023), in which the following three irrigation treatments were applied to both varieties: 100 % (full irrigation, FI), 80 % (mild DI), and 60 % (moderate DI) of replenishment of soil water depletion to field capacity. Irrigation amounts applied to each treatment were delivered by a surface drip irrigation system and calculated from volumetric water content measurements collected by soil moisture sensors based on time-domain reflectometry. Seasonal water use of each alfalfa variety and treatment was estimated using a soil water balance. Over the years, moderate DI decreased seasonal dry yield by 13.9 % and mild DI by 4.6 % compared to FI. The drought-tolerant variety produced similar yields to the highly productive variety when both received the same irrigation treatment. Irrigation treatment significantly affected (p < 0.01) the seasonal mean CWP across years, which improved under DI. Seasonal mean CWP increased from 11.5 kg ha⁻¹ mm⁻¹ in the 2021 season to 19.2 and 18.5 kg ha⁻¹ mm⁻¹ in 2022 and 2023, respectively. Across seasons, mean acid detergent fiber (ADF) was not affected by irrigation treatment, but neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (p < 0.001) and relative feed value (RFV) (p < 0.01) were significantly influenced by irrigation treatment. Forage nutritive value was not affected by alfalfa variety. These findings suggest that while DI could reduce alfalfa yield, it enhances CWP and can improve nutritive value, being a viable strategy under water-limited conditions. In northern Nevada’s semiarid conditions, a mild DI appears to be the best option for producers because it offers a balance between alfalfa yield, nutritive value, and potential water savings.

不断增加的用水需求和持续的干旱迫使内华达州的许多农民在亏缺灌溉（DI）下种植苜蓿（Medicago sativa L.）。虽然DI可以提高作物水分生产力（CWP），但它也可能导致水分胁迫条件，从而降低产量。本研究评估了DI对两种耐旱苜蓿（Ladak II）和高产苜蓿（Stratica）产量、营养价值和CWP的影响。在内华达州里诺的Valley Road田间实验室进行了为期三个生长季节（2021-2023）的试验，对两个品种分别施用以下三种灌溉处理：100% %（完全灌溉，FI）、80% %（轻度DI）和60% %（中度DI）将土壤水分枯竭补充到田间容量。每个处理的灌水量由地表滴灌系统提供，并根据基于时域反射法的土壤水分传感器收集的体积含水量测量结果计算。利用土壤水分平衡估算了每个苜蓿品种和处理的季节用水量。多年来，与喷淋相比，中度喷淋使季节性干产量下降13.9 %，轻度喷淋使季节性干产量下降4.6 %。在相同的灌溉处理下，耐旱品种与高产品种的产量相近。灌溉处理显著影响（p <； 0.01）各年季节平均CWP，直接灌溉处理改善了CWP。季节平均CWP分别从2021年的11.5 kg ha - 1 mm - 1增加到2022年和2023年的19.2和18.5 kg ha - 1 mm - 1。不同季节，灌溉处理对平均酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）无显著影响，而对中性洗涤纤维（NDF）（p <； 0.001）和相对饲料值（RFV）（p <； 0.01）有显著影响。苜蓿品种对饲料营养价值没有影响。综上所述，在水分有限的条件下，施用DI可降低紫花苜蓿产量，但可提高CWP和营养价值，是一种可行的策略。在内华达州北部的半干旱条件下，轻度DI似乎是生产者的最佳选择，因为它提供了苜蓿产量，营养价值和潜在节水之间的平衡。

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引用次数: 0

Micro-ridge-furrow rain harvesting cultivation: An adaptive strategy for improving yield and water productivity of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) in seasonal arid regions of Southwest China 微垄沟集雨栽培：西南季节性干旱区提高油菜产量和水分生产力的适应性策略

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110139

Hui Chen , Yongyuan Huang , Enhao Zhang , Yaotian Tian , Huijing Hou

Improving the utilization efficiency of agricultural water resources serves as a fundamental strategy for alleviating agricultural drought and water scarcity and ensuring food security. Micro-ridge-furrow rain harvesting cultivation (MRF) boosts crop yields by increasing soil water storage, but its effect on winter rapeseed production remains unclear in seasonal arid regions. A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of MRF height (10 and 20 cm, denoted as H10 and H20, respectively) on the yield and water productivity (WP_c) of winter rapeseed in seasonal arid regions of Southwest China, using conventional flat planting (CK) as the control. MRF had a greater soil water content (SWC) in the ridge furrow and better root and shoot growth than CK, increasing rapeseed yield by 15.09 % and WP_c by 15.96 % (P < 0.05). MRF slightly improved the seed quality compared with CK by increasing the oil, protein, and glucosinolate contents by 3.59 %, 3.28 %, and 1.83 %, respectively. SWC in the ridge furrow was slightly 3.30 % greater under H20 than under H10. The root dry weight density, root length density, root surface area density, and root volume density under H20 increased by 13.10 %, 16.57 %, 15.91 %, and 11.84 %, respectively, compared with H10. The plant height (3.77 %), SPAD (1.40 %), stem diameter (8.69 %), aboveground dry matter (16.68 %), and yield components were higher under H20 than under H10. The seed yield, WP_c, and economic benefits insignificantly increased by 6.78 %, 7.11 %, and 4.35 %, respectively, under H20 compared with H10. H20 partly improved the seed quality compared with H10, with the oil, protein, and glucosinolate contents increasing by 1.57 %, 1.91 %, and 0.85 %, respectively. Overall, a 20 cm MRF height is recommended for crop production to improve SWC, crop growth, seed yield, WP_c, and economic benefits of winter rapeseed. The results provide a theoretical basis and technical support for the improvement of water conservation and efficiency in winter rapeseed production in seasonal arid regions.

提高农业水资源利用效率是缓解农业干旱缺水、保障粮食安全的根本战略。微垄沟集雨栽培通过增加土壤储水量来提高作物产量，但其对季节性干旱地区冬季油菜籽生产的影响尚不清楚。以常规平栽（CK）为对照，通过田间试验，研究了MRF高度（10和20 cm，分别用H10和H20表示）对西南季节性干旱区冬油菜籽产量和水分生产力的影响。与对照相比，MRF垄沟土壤含水量（SWC）更高，根冠生长更好，油菜籽产量提高15.09 %，WPc提高15.96 % （P <； 0.05）。与CK相比，MRF略微改善了种子品质，使籽油、蛋白质和硫代葡萄糖苷含量分别提高了3.59 %、3.28 %和1.83 %。与H10相比，H20处理下脊沟SWC略增大3.30 %。与H10相比，H20处理下的根干重密度、根长密度、根表面积密度和根体积密度分别提高了13.10 %、16.57 %、15.91 %和11.84 %。株高（3.77 %）、SPAD（1.40 %）、茎粗（8.69 %）、地上干物质（16.68 %）和产量各组成部分在H20处理下均高于H10处理。与H10相比，H20处理籽粒产量、WPc和经济效益分别提高了6.78 %、7.11 %和4.35 %。与H10相比，H20在一定程度上提高了种子品质，籽油、蛋白质和硫代葡萄糖苷含量分别提高了1.57 %、1.91 %和0.85 %。总的来说，建议在作物生产中使用20 cm的MRF高度，以改善冬油菜籽的SWC、作物生长、种子产量、WPc和经济效益。研究结果为提高季节性干旱区冬季油菜籽的节水和高效生产提供了理论依据和技术支持。

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引用次数: 0

The impact of short-term and long-term risk reduction measures on irrigator strategies and profitability 短期和长期降低风险措施对灌溉战略和盈利能力的影响

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110122

Qiuyun Cecilia Yu , Qi Li , Maria Elena Orduña Alegría , Landon T. Marston

Farmers face significant challenges in managing crop planting and water allocation decisions due to fluctuating precipitation and volatile crop market prices. Subsidized federal crop insurance programs stabilize short-term risks, reshaping farmers’ strategies. However, irrigation restrictions, critical for curbing groundwater depletion and promoting long-term sustainability, can limit farmers’ adaptability to short-term variability. In western Kansas, where irrigation relies heavily on the High Plains Aquifer, self-organized pumping restrictions aim to balance agricultural productivity with aquifer sustainability. This study develops the FARM-OPT (Farming Allocation and Resource Model with OPTimization) model to assess how short-term risk mitigation measures (e.g., crop insurance) and long-term strategies (e.g., groundwater pumping restrictions) shape optimal cropping decisions under variable precipitation and market conditions. FARM-OPT uniquely integrates financial and regulatory risk management instruments within a unified, farm-level decision-making framework, enabling policy-relevant analysis of trade-offs between profitability and groundwater use. Findings indicate that crop insurance helps farmers sustain profitability and cultivate high-value, water-intensive crops like corn, even amidst market and precipitation fluctuations. Under the most restrictive groundwater pumping limits, crop insurance mitigates losses by increasing median profitability by approximately 50 % compared to scenarios without insurance, while requiring around 70 % less water. While insurance reduces financial risks and may align with groundwater conservation goals, outcomes depend on how payouts are administered, as real-world practices introduce uncertainty and unproductive water use. This research underscores the importance of integrated risk mitigation strategies, revealing how crop insurance and irrigation policies can complement one another to enhance agricultural resilience while safeguarding groundwater resources. These insights inform the design of policies that balance short-term economic needs with long-term sustainability.

由于降水波动和作物市场价格波动，农民在管理作物种植和水资源分配决策方面面临重大挑战。补贴的联邦农作物保险项目稳定了短期风险，重塑了农民的策略。然而，对遏制地下水枯竭和促进长期可持续性至关重要的灌溉限制可能限制农民对短期变化的适应能力。在堪萨斯州西部，灌溉严重依赖高平原含水层，自组织的抽水限制旨在平衡农业生产力和含水层的可持续性。本研究开发了FARM-OPT（农业分配和资源优化模型）模型，以评估短期风险缓解措施（如作物保险）和长期战略（如地下水抽水限制）如何在可变降水和市场条件下形成最佳种植决策。FARM-OPT独特地将金融和监管风险管理工具整合到统一的农场级决策框架中，从而能够对盈利能力和地下水使用之间的权衡进行与政策相关的分析。研究结果表明，即使在市场和降水波动的情况下，作物保险也能帮助农民保持盈利能力，种植玉米等高价值的水密集型作物。在最严格的地下水开采限制下，与没有保险的情况相比，作物保险通过将盈利中值提高约50% %来减轻损失，同时减少约70% %的用水需求。虽然保险可以降低财务风险，并可能与地下水保护目标保持一致，但结果取决于如何管理赔付，因为现实世界的实践会带来不确定性和非生产性用水。这项研究强调了综合风险缓解战略的重要性，揭示了作物保险和灌溉政策如何相互补充，以增强农业抵御能力，同时保护地下水资源。这些见解为平衡短期经济需求与长期可持续性的政策设计提供了信息。

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引用次数: 0

Optimizing summer fallow management decreases oligotrophic bacterial abundance and enhances rain-fed wheat yield through water and fertilizer improvements 优化夏季休耕管理可减少少营养细菌丰度，并通过改善水肥提高雨养小麦产量

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2025.110099

Bin Yang , Hao-ying Wang , Lian-li Zhang , Li Li , Ting-liang Li

Water scarcity and low soil fertility represent significant limitations to productivity within the dryland farming systems of the Loess Plateau. Consequently, optimizing summer fallow management to improve soil water retention and fertility is critical for enhancing soil quality in this region. To assess the maximum efficiency of rainfall capture during the summer fallow period, elucidate its interactions with soil microbial communities, and clarify the mechanisms underlying yield enhancement, a two-year field experiment was conducted. This study evaluated several treatments applied during the summer fallow: organic fertilizer alone (OF); organic fertilizer combined with deep tillage (OD); organic fertilizer with deep tillage and furrow-ridging (ODR); organic fertilizer with deep tillage, furrow-ridging, and plastic film mulching (ODRP); and organic fertilizer with deep tillage, furrow-ridging, and biodegradable film mulching (ODRB). Compared to conventional farmer practice (FP), the optimized rainfall management (ODRP) implemented in early summer fallow increased winter wheat grain yield by an average of 26.3 %, with spike number identified as the primary yield determinant. Between 2022 and 2024, the average efficiency of summer fallow rainfall storage under the OF, OD, ODRP, and ODRB treatments exceeded that of the FP treatment by 4.5 %, 36.3 %, 48.1 %, and 27.0 %, respectively. Notably, the ODR treatment reduced rainfall storage efficiency by 25.1 % relative to OD. The application of organic fertilizer during early summer fallow enhanced soil organic carbon content in the 0–40 cm soil profile by 8.8–24.8 % in the 0–20 cm layer and by 17.8–46.7 % in the 20–40 cm layer. Improved water and nutrient availability during the summer fallow period led to a decrease in the relative abundance of oligotrophic bacteria (Acidobacteria) and an increase in copiotrophic bacteria (Firmicutes). Correlation analyses demonstrated significant positive associations among soil moisture, Firmicutes abundance, and winter wheat yield. Partial least squares path modelling, coupled with Monte Carlo uncertainty analysis, identified soil moisture as the principal factor influencing yield formation via its effect on spike number, accounting for 63 % of the yield variability. Additionally, soil moisture and microbial metabolic activity contributed to organic carbon sequestration. In summary, maximizing rainfall-harvesting efficiency during the summer fallow period in conjunction with organic fertilizer application, constitutes a crucial strategy for promoting sustainable and high-quality agricultural development in the dryland wheat systems of the Loess Plateau.

缺水和土壤肥力低是黄土高原旱地农业系统生产力的重要限制因素。因此，优化夏季休耕管理以提高土壤保水和肥力是提高该地区土壤质量的关键。为了评估夏季休耕期降雨的最大捕获效率，阐明其与土壤微生物群落的相互作用，并阐明其增产机制，进行了为期两年的田间试验。本研究评价了夏季休耕期间的几种处理方法：单独施用有机肥；有机肥配深耕（OD）；深耕垄作有机肥；深耕、沟垄、地膜覆盖有机肥；深耕、沟垄和生物可降解薄膜覆盖（ODRB）的有机肥。与传统农民实践（FP）相比，在初夏休耕期间实施的优化降雨管理（ODRP）使冬小麦籽粒产量平均提高26.3% %，穗数被认为是产量的主要决定因素。2022 - 2024年，of、OD、ODRP和ODRB处理的夏季休耕地蓄雨平均效率分别比FP处理高出4.5 %、36.3% %、48.1% %和27.0% %。值得注意的是，相对于OD， ODR处理使降雨储存效率降低了25.1 %。初夏休耕期间施用有机肥可使0 ~ 40 cm土层土壤有机碳含量提高8.8 ~ 24.8 %，20 ~ 40 cm土壤有机碳含量提高17.8 ~ 46.7 %。夏季休耕期间水分和养分利用率的提高导致贫营养细菌（酸杆菌）的相对丰度下降，而富营养细菌（厚壁菌门）的相对丰度增加。相关分析表明，土壤湿度、厚壁菌丰度与冬小麦产量呈正相关。偏最小二乘路径模型结合蒙特卡罗不确定性分析，通过对穗数的影响，确定土壤湿度是影响产量形成的主要因素，占产量变异率的63% %。此外，土壤水分和微生物代谢活动有助于有机碳的固存。综上所述，在夏季休耕期间最大限度地提高雨水收集效率，并结合施用有机肥，是促进黄土高原旱地小麦系统可持续和高质量农业发展的关键战略。

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引用次数: 0

A user-friendly decision support tool for irrigation scheduling in smallholder olive orchards 一个用户友好的决策支持工具，灌溉调度在小农橄榄园

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110131

L. Bonet , F. Thomas , M.A. Martínez-Gimeno , M. Tasa , E. Badal , J.G. Pérez-Pérez , U. Werban

Water scarcity and climate variability threaten Mediterranean agriculture, particularly for smallholder growers who often lack the knowledge to use advanced irrigation technologies. This study presents the development and validation of a user-friendly decision support tool (DST) designed to optimise irrigation scheduling through a simplified, sensor-based balance model, the Soil-Atmosphere Adjusted Model (SAAM). The tool delivers weekly irrigation recommendations via a mobile application. The SAAM algorithm adjusts irrigation volumes based on weekly variations in reference evapotranspiration (ET₀) and relative soil water status (RWS) from capacitive soil moisture sensors. Field trials were conducted during 2022 and 2023 in a commercial olive orchard in eastern Spain with a dual objective: (i) to empirically define crop-specific physiological thresholds for RWS, and (ii) to validate the performance of the DST under real farming conditions. The drought cycles implemented enabled the identification of optimal RWS boundaries (RWS_LL = 0.63, RWS_UL = 0.73) based on stem water potential (Ψ_stem) and stomatal conductance (g_s) responses. In parallel, the SAAM demonstrated its capacity to reduce irrigation volumes by 11 % (11.9 mm) compared to a conventional technician-guided strategy (99.4 mm and 111.3 mm, respectively), while maintaining Ψ_stem and g_s within non-limiting physiological ranges. No significant differences were observed in olive or oil yields between treatments, resulting in improved irrigation water productivity under the DST approach. The modular DST architecture ensured robust, automated data acquisition, quality control, and real-time output via a user-friendly interface. These findings highlight the DST framework as a solution to promote smart irrigation and water use efficiency.

水资源短缺和气候变化威胁着地中海地区的农业，特别是对往往缺乏使用先进灌溉技术知识的小农。本研究提出了一种用户友好的决策支持工具（DST）的开发和验证，该工具旨在通过简化的基于传感器的平衡模型，即土壤-大气调整模型（SAAM）来优化灌溉调度。该工具通过移动应用程序提供每周灌溉建议。SAAM算法根据电容式土壤湿度传感器提供的参考蒸散量（ET0）和相对土壤水分状态（RWS）的周变化来调整灌溉量。研究人员于2022年和2023年在西班牙东部的一个商业橄榄园内进行了田间试验，目的有二：(i)从经验上确定RWS的特定作物生理阈值，（ii）验证DST在实际农业条件下的性能。在干旱循环条件下，基于茎干水势（Ψstem）和气孔导度（gs）响应，确定了最佳RWS边界（RWSLL = 0.63, RWSUL = 0.73）。与此同时，与传统的技术人员指导策略（分别为99.4 mm和111.3 mm）相比，SAAM显示出其减少灌溉水量11. %（11.9 mm）的能力，同时将Ψstem和gs保持在非限制性生理范围内。不同处理之间的橄榄油产量没有显著差异，因此在DST方法下，灌溉水分生产力有所提高。模块化的DST架构通过用户友好的界面确保了健壮、自动化的数据采集、质量控制和实时输出。这些发现突出了DST框架作为促进智能灌溉和水利用效率的解决方案。

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引用次数: 0

Solar irrigation for adapting to climate change in cocoa farming: A choice experiment approach identifying Ghanaian farmers’ preferences 在可可种植中适应气候变化的太阳能灌溉：一种确定加纳农民偏好的选择实验方法

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2025.110118

Kekeli Kofi Gbodji , William Quarmine , Marie-Charlotte Buisson , Archisman Mitra , Petra Schmitter

Future climate conditions will be characterized by substantial uncertainty in weather patterns. For cocoa production, adapting to climate change will require securing water application and soil moisture by investing in irrigation infrastructure. In Ghana, government and private sector organizations have introduced solar-powered groundwater irrigation solutions to address the challenges. However, high upfront costs, limited access to institutional finance, and hydro-geological uncertainties constrain demand. We employed a discrete choice experiment approach to examine cocoa farmers’ willingness to adopt solar-based irrigation, surveying 550 farmers across seven regions depending on type of ownership, incentivized loans, and cutbacks on drilling uncertainties. The study revealed that cocoa irrigation investment decision depends primarily on access to longer-term loans, followed by cost reduction through group ownership, with the last factor being the reduction of uncertainties associated with borehole drilling. However, there are differences in farmers’ stated preferences based on wealth resources, gender, farm access, cocoa farm size, and household size. These findings suggest that policymakers should prioritize initiatives that alleviate financial constraints through longer-term loans to promote climate-resilient and sustainable agriculture. In addition, it indicates that a one-size-fits-all approach to promoting solar irrigation investment is unlikely to be effective, due to substantial heterogeneity in preferences amongst farmers. Instead, targeted policies are needed to increase solar pump adoption among marginalized groups like women and resource-poor farmers.

未来气候条件的特点是天气模式的不确定性很大。对于可可生产来说，适应气候变化需要通过投资灌溉基础设施来确保用水和土壤湿度。在加纳，政府和私营部门组织已经引进了太阳能地下水灌溉解决方案来应对这些挑战。然而，高昂的前期成本、有限的机构融资渠道以及水文地质的不确定性限制了需求。我们采用离散选择实验方法来考察可可种植者采用太阳能灌溉的意愿，根据所有权类型、激励贷款和钻探不确定性的削减，调查了7个地区的550名农民。研究表明，可可灌溉投资决策主要取决于能否获得长期贷款，其次是通过集体所有制降低成本，最后一个因素是减少与钻孔有关的不确定性。然而，根据财富资源、性别、农场准入、可可农场规模和家庭规模，农民的陈述偏好存在差异。这些发现表明，决策者应优先考虑通过长期贷款来缓解资金紧张的举措，以促进具有气候适应性和可持续的农业。此外，报告还指出，由于农民的偏好存在很大的差异，采用一刀切的方法来促进太阳能灌溉投资不太可能有效。相反，需要有针对性的政策来增加妇女和资源贫乏的农民等边缘化群体对太阳能泵的采用。

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引用次数: 0

Rainwater harvesting potential zone identification using GIS –Machine learning approach and comparison of their performance 基于GIS -机器学习方法的雨水收集潜力区识别及其性能比较

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110134

Tade Mule Asrade , Sintayehu Adefires Abebe , Kassahun Birhanu Tadesse

Rainwater harvesting (RWH) systems play a vital role in sustainable water management, yet their adoption is often constrained by the difficulty of accurately assessing site suitability and economic feasibility. This study aims to develop a machine learning (ML)–based geospatial framework to map RWH suitability in the Choke Watershed, Ethiopia, using twelve biophysical and hydrological conditioning factors. All spatial datasets were standardized and processed at a 30-m resolution, and the final suitability maps were generated at the same spatial scale to ensure consistent spatial comparability. Three ML algorithms—Random Forest (RF), Gradient Boosting (GB), and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost)—were trained and validated using 175 suitable and 75 non-suitable inventory points, with a 70/30 training–testing split. Prior to model development, continuous predictors were normalized using min–max scaling, and all datasets were checked for missing values; incomplete DEM-derived pixels were corrected using bilinear interpolation, and unresolved records in thematic layers were removed to avoid bias during training. Model performance was evaluated using confusion-matrix metrics and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC). The GB and XGBoost models showed the highest predictive accuracy (AUC = 0.97), followed by RF (AUC = 0.96). Spatial analysis revealed that highly suitable RWH zones are concentrated in flat terrain with loam and clay-loam soils and higher rainfall availability. This study represents the first application of GB and XGBoost models for RWH suitability mapping in the Choke Watershed and demonstrates the effectiveness of ML-driven geospatial modeling for identifying optimal RWH locations. The findings provide a valuable decision-support tool for planners and policymakers seeking to improve water resource management and climate-resilient agricultural development in the region.

雨水收集（RWH）系统在可持续水资源管理中发挥着至关重要的作用，但其采用往往受到准确评估场地适宜性和经济可行性的困难的限制。本研究旨在开发一个基于机器学习（ML）的地理空间框架，利用12种生物物理和水文条件因子来绘制埃塞俄比亚Choke流域RWH的适宜性。所有空间数据集均以30 m分辨率进行标准化处理，并在相同空间尺度下生成最终的适宜性图，以确保空间可比性的一致性。三种机器学习算法——随机森林（RF）、梯度增强（GB）和极端梯度增强（XGBoost）——使用175个合适的库存点和75个不合适的库存点进行训练和验证，训练和测试的比例为70/30。在模型开发之前，使用最小-最大尺度对连续预测因子进行归一化，并检查所有数据集是否存在缺失值；使用双线性插值对dem衍生的不完整像素进行校正，并去除主题层中未解决的记录，以避免训练过程中的偏差。使用混淆矩阵指标和受试者工作特征曲线下面积（AUC-ROC）评估模型的性能。GB和XGBoost模型的预测精度最高（AUC = 0.97），其次是RF模型（AUC = 0.96）。空间分析结果表明，高适宜耕地区主要集中在具有壤土和粘壤土、降雨有效度较高的平坦地形。该研究首次将GB和XGBoost模型应用于Choke流域的RWH适宜性测绘，并证明了ml驱动的地理空间建模在确定最佳RWH位置方面的有效性。研究结果为寻求改善该地区水资源管理和气候适应型农业发展的规划者和决策者提供了有价值的决策支持工具。

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引用次数: 0

Subsoiling with straw return optimizes the maize root system and water productivity 秸秆还田可优化玉米根系和水分生产力

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110127

Fengbin Li , Tianping Gao , Ying Shen , Qian Yang , Hongxiang Zhao , Geng Li , Zhen Liu , Yakov Kuzyakov , Tangyuan Ning

Long-term conventional tillage exacerbates subsoil compaction, restricting root penetration and water and nutrient uptake. Although subsoiling is known to mitigate plough pan formation, the interactive effects of tillage and straw return on root system architecture (RSA) and water productivity (WP) in maize remain poorly understood. Based on a long-term field experiment, this study evaluated three tillage methods (plough tillage, PT; subsoiling tillage, ST; and rotary tillage, RT) and two straw management practices (no return and all straw return). We investigated effects of tillage and straw management on soil hydro-physical properties, maize RSA, and their consequent impacts on grain yield and WP. ST significantly reduced soil bulk density by 5.4 % and increased porosity by 6.4 % in the 0–40 cm soil compared to PT. The integration of subsoiling with straw return (STA) was particularly effective, enhancing subsoil fertility and promoting a deeper, coarser root system. STA increased root length density by 33 %, root weight density by 28 %, and root diameter by 41 % in the subsoil (40–60 cm soil). This optimized RSA improved access to deep soil water and nutrients, resulting in a 4.7 % increase in grain yield and a 3.8 % increase in WP compared to plough tillage with straw return. Subsoiling tillage-straw synergy reshapes RSA by alleviating mechanical impedance and enhancing subsoil fertility, offering a scalable strategy to improve crop resilience and resource efficiency.

长期的常规耕作加剧了底土的压实，限制了根系的渗透和水分和养分的吸收。虽然已知深埋土壤可以减轻犁田的形成，但耕作和秸秆还田对玉米根系结构（RSA）和水分生产力（WP）的相互作用尚不清楚。基于长期的田间试验，本研究对3种耕作方式（犁耕、深耕、旋耕）和2种秸秆管理方式（不还田和全还田）进行了评价。本文研究了耕作和秸秆管理对土壤水物理性质、玉米RSA的影响，以及它们对粮食产量和水分的影响。在0-40 cm的土壤中，与PT相比，ST显著降低了5.4 %的土壤容重，增加了6.4 %的孔隙度。深土与秸秆还田（STA）的结合特别有效，提高了底土肥力，促进了更深、更粗的根系。在40-60 cm土壤中，STA使根长密度增加33 %，根重密度增加28 %，根直径增加41 %。优化后的RSA改善了对深层土壤水分和养分的获取，与秸秆还田的犁耕相比，粮食产量增加了4.7 %，WP增加了3.8 %。深耕-秸秆协同作用通过减轻机械阻抗和提高底土肥力重塑RSA，提供了一种可扩展的策略来提高作物的抗灾能力和资源效率。

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引用次数: 0

Study on dynamic change characteristics of shallow groundwater in arid and semi-arid areas: A case study in the Minqin Oasis, China 干旱区半干旱区浅层地下水动态变化特征研究——以民勤绿洲为例

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2025.110119

Zhao Lu , Daqing Wang , Jie Zhu , Hongfei Zhao , Yue Shi , Haoli Xu , Yong Huang , Jiazheng Zhao

Groundwater serves as a critical water resource in arid and semi-arid regions. Analyzing long-term dynamic characteristics of groundwater provides valuable insights for guiding rational development, utilization, and ecological restoration with greater precision. In this study, we focused on Minqin Oasis, a representative arid and semi-arid region in China. Utilizing groundwater depth data collected from 4065 civilian wells during winter and summer of 2019, we simulated groundwater levels using the ordinary kriging interpolation method to delineate spatial distribution patterns. Based on continuous groundwater monitoring data from 12 observation wells spanning 2004–2019, this study analyzed long-term trends in groundwater level variations. Nine indicators related to discharge and recharge processes were selected and examined using principal component analysis to identify key factors influencing groundwater dynamics. The results reveal significant seasonal fluctuations in groundwater levels during 2019, with notably higher variations in winter and summer. Agricultural water use was found to exert a substantial impact on groundwater levels in the study area. Although the declining trend observed since 2004 has been gradually mitigated, and most monitoring sites have exhibited varying degrees of recovery since 2013—with a maximum rise rate of 0.397 m/year—groundwater levels at approximately three-quarters of the observation wells remained below those recorded in 2004 as of 2019. Furthermore, a continued declining trend persists at a few individual sites. These findings underscore the need for enhanced measures to protect and restore groundwater levels in the region.

地下水是干旱半干旱地区的重要水资源。分析地下水的长期动态特征，为更精确地指导合理开发利用和生态修复提供了有价值的见解。本文以民勤绿洲为研究对象，研究了中国代表性的干旱半干旱区。利用2019年冬季和夏季收集的4065口民用井的地下水深度数据，采用普通克里格插值方法模拟地下水水位，描绘空间分布格局。基于2004-2019年12口观测井的连续地下水监测数据，本研究分析了地下水位变化的长期趋势。采用主成分分析方法，选取了与排水和补给过程相关的9个指标，并对其进行了检验，以确定影响地下水动态的关键因素。结果显示，2019年地下水水位存在明显的季节性波动，其中冬季和夏季的变化幅度较大。研究发现，农业用水对研究区内的地下水位有重大影响。尽管自2004年以来观测到的下降趋势已逐渐缓解，但自2013年以来，大多数监测点表现出不同程度的恢复（最大增长率为0.397 m/年），截至2019年，约四分之三的观测井的地下水位仍低于2004年的记录。此外，个别场址仍有持续下降的趋势。这些发现强调了加强保护和恢复该地区地下水位的措施的必要性。

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引用次数: 0