Agricultural Water Management最新文献_第8页

Interpretable machine learning workflow for estimating reference crop evapotranspiration in China's five major dry-wet regions using limited meteorological data 基于有限气象数据估算中国五大干湿区参考作物蒸散量的可解释机器学习工作流程

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110143

Ziyu Guan , Changhai Qin , Yong Zhao , Junlin Qu , Rong Liu , Yuan Liu , Wenxin Che , Tao Wang

Accurate estimation of reference crop evapotranspiration (

{ET}_{0}

) is crucial for improving water use efficiency and the design and operation of agricultural water management systems. Machine learning (ML) can accurately estimate

{ET}_{0}

across different climatic zones in China when meteorological data are limited, but its “black box” nature restricts interpretability. This study developed an interpretable machine learning workflow to enhance

{ET}_{0}

prediction transparency. It utilized four meta-heuristic algorithms and four machine learning algorithms based on meteorological data observed at 2382 stations across five climatic zones in China from 1960 to 2022. Model performance was evaluated using mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NSE), coefficient of determination (

R^{2}

), and global performance index (GPI). Results indicate that the XGBoost model optimized by the Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) algorithm (GWO-XGB) achieved the highest fitting accuracy. Its Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NSE), coefficient of determination (

R^{2}

), and global prediction index (GPI) were 0.087, 0.116, 0.993, 0.993, and 1.783, respectively. Cross-validation across basins revealed that GWO-XGB maintained an

R^{2}

above 0.96 on the independent validation dataset, indicating robust stability and generalization of the interpretable machine learning framework in

{ET}_{0}

prediction. SHAP accurately captured underlying hydrological and climatic processes, identifying solar radiation and extreme temperatures as the primary predictors of

{ET}_{0}

, while humidity and wind speed exerted lesser influences. This study offers a promising approach for precise

{ET}_{0}

estimation in data-scarce regions, thereby supporting scientific water resource management and achieving water conservation and efficiency goals. The open-source prediction application is available at https://github.com/guangian.

准确估算参考作物蒸散量（ET0）对提高水分利用效率和农业水管理系统的设计和运行至关重要。在气象数据有限的情况下，机器学习（ML）可以准确估计中国不同气候带的ET0，但其“黑匣子”性质限制了其可解释性。本研究开发了一个可解释的机器学习工作流程，以提高ET0预测的透明度。基于1960 - 2022年中国5个气候带2382个站点的气象观测数据，采用了4种元启发式算法和4种机器学习算法。采用平均绝对误差（MAE）、均方根误差（RMSE）、Nash-Sutcliffe效率系数（NSE）、决定系数（R2）和全局性能指数（GPI）评价模型的性能。结果表明，采用灰狼优化（GWO）算法（GWO- xgb）优化的XGBoost模型拟合精度最高。平均绝对误差（MAE）、均方根误差（RMSE）、Nash-Sutcliffe效率系数（NSE）、决定系数（R2）和全局预测指数（GPI）分别为0.087、0.116、0.993、0.993和1.783。跨流域的交叉验证表明，独立验证数据集的GWO-XGB R2保持在0.96以上，表明可解释机器学习框架在ET0预测中的鲁棒稳定性和泛化性。SHAP准确地捕获了潜在的水文和气候过程，确定太阳辐射和极端温度是ET0的主要预测因子，而湿度和风速的影响较小。该研究为数据稀缺地区的ET0精确估算提供了一种有希望的方法，从而支持科学的水资源管理，实现节水和效率目标。开源预测应用程序可在https://github.com/guangian上获得。

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引用次数: 0

Shifting climatic sensitivities of drought-related yield gaps signal potential increases in irrigation reliance in the Yellow River Basin 与干旱相关的产量差距的气候敏感性变化表明黄河流域对灌溉依赖的潜在增加

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110137

Linchao Li , Zhongshan Xu , Yajie Zhang , Ning Yao , Yi Li , Qiang Yu , Hao Feng , Guijun Yang , Qinsi He

Climate change is intensifying drought risk and threatening food production, yet how drought-driven yield losses evolve with warming remains poorly quantified. Here, we combine an ensemble of nine crop models with 38 global climate models to quantify shifting sensitivities of the irrigated–rainfed yield gap to key climate drivers across the Yellow River Basin under SSP126, SSP245, and SSP585. We find that yield gaps increase for maize, soybean, and rice under future climates, while wheat exhibits a slight decrease. The precipitation is negatively associated with the yield gap, but this negative effect weakens (shifts toward zero) across large areas of the basin. For maize, 69.8 %, 66.7 %, and 77.8 % of grid cells show increasing sensitivity under SSP126, SSP245, and SSP585, respectively. This indicates rainfall is becoming less effective at narrowing the gap as atmospheric demand rises, implying greater reliance on irrigation. Evapotranspiration (ET) generally shows the opposite spatial pattern, except in some extremely arid upstream areas where ET-yield gap coupling weakens or even decouples due to high atmospheric demand. Yield gap sensitivity to atmospheric CO₂ is negative in most regions, consistent with improved water-use efficiency that reduces the yield gap; this effect is more pronounced in the arid upstream. By identifying spatiotemporal hotspots of intensifying yield-gap sensitivities, this study informs targeted irrigation investment and drought-time water-allocation prioritization, supporting climate-smart water management to stabilize production and long-term sustainability.

气候变化正在加剧干旱风险并威胁粮食生产，然而，干旱导致的产量损失如何随着气候变暖而演变，仍然缺乏量化。本文将9种作物模型与38个全球气候模型相结合，量化了SSP126、SSP245和SSP585条件下黄河流域灌雨产量缺口对主要气候驱动因素的变化敏感性。我们发现，在未来的气候条件下，玉米、大豆和水稻的产量差距会增加，而小麦的产量差距会略有减少。降水与产量缺口呈负相关，但这种负影响在盆地的大部分地区减弱（向零转移）。对于玉米，69.8 %、66.7 %和77.8 %的网格细胞在SSP126、SSP245和SSP585下的敏感性分别提高。这表明，随着大气需求的增加，降雨在缩小缺口方面的效果越来越差，这意味着对灌溉的依赖越来越大。蒸散发（ET）总体上呈现相反的空间格局，但在一些极端干旱的上游地区，由于高大气需求，蒸散发-产差耦合减弱甚至解耦。在大多数地区，产量缺口对大气CO2的敏感性为负，这与提高水分利用效率减少产量缺口相一致；这种影响在干旱的上游地区更为明显。通过识别产量差距敏感性加剧的时空热点，本研究为有针对性的灌溉投资和旱期水资源分配优先级提供信息，支持气候智慧型水资源管理，以稳定生产和长期可持续性。

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引用次数: 0

Biochar-mediated soil phosphorus leaching and distribution behaviors in AWD paddy fields of a Northeast China alluvial plain 东北冲积平原AWD稻田生物炭对土壤磷淋溶及分布行为的影响

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110155

Wanting Zhang , Daocai Chi , Taotao Chen , Hongyuan Zhu , Guangyan Liu , Lloyd Ted Wilson , Guozheng Li

Biochar has been recognized to deliver several benefits in field crops. However, its impact on phosphorus (P) leaching, distribution, and deep migration in paddy fields under alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation remains unclear, especially in a typical alluvial plain. A 2-year field experiment was conducted with three treatments: continuous flooding irrigation without biochar, AWD without biochar, and AWD with 20 t ha⁻¹ maize straw biochar. A multi-layer device together with a bottom-sealed polyvinyl chloride bucket was used to monitor dissolved P dynamics and P leaching. And a four-stroke gasoline-powered soil sampler was employed to collect data on the distribution and migration of soil available P and total P along the 0–200 cm soil profile. The shift from continuous flooding irrigation to AWD reduced water percolation by 25 %-38 % but increased soil available P deep migration (100–200 cm). Under AWD, biochar addition further decreased water percolation by 9 % and reduced dissolved P leaching by 20 % compared with AWD alone. Moreover, biochar increased soil available P by 141–277 % and total P migration by 133–219 % at 0–40 cm and while inhibiting the deep migration of soil available P by 119 %-1114 % and that of total P by 210 %-2644 %. The reduced soil available P deep migration with biochar was mainly caused by the decreased soil total P in the 100–200 cm soil profile. Our results provide a novel approach for sustainable P management in agricultural ecosystems, offering critical insights into the role of biochar in regulating nutrient dynamics in paddy soils.

生物炭已被公认为在大田作物中提供了几个好处。然而，在干湿交替灌溉条件下，其对水田磷淋溶、分布和深层迁移的影响尚不清楚，特别是在典型的冲积平原。采用无生物炭连续漫灌、无生物炭全灌和加20 t / h - 1玉米秸秆生物炭全灌3种处理，为期2年。采用多层装置和底部密封聚氯乙烯桶对溶磷动态和磷浸出进行监测。采用四冲程汽油动力土壤采样器，采集0 ~ 200 cm土壤剖面土壤有效磷和全磷的分布和迁移数据。从连续漫灌到全水灌溉减少了25 %-38 %的渗水，但增加了土壤有效磷的深层迁移（100-200 cm）。在AWD条件下，与单独AWD相比，添加生物炭进一步减少了9 %的水渗透，减少了20 %的溶解磷淋溶。此外，在0 ~ 40 cm处，生物炭使土壤有效磷增加141 ~ 277 %，总磷迁移量增加133 ~ 219 %，而抑制土壤有效磷的深层迁移量分别减少119 % ~ 1114 %和210 % ~ 2644 %。生物炭导致土壤速效磷深度迁移减少的主要原因是100 ~ 200 cm土壤全磷减少。我们的研究结果为农业生态系统可持续磷管理提供了一种新的方法，为生物炭在调节水稻土营养动态中的作用提供了重要的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Irrigation of previous crops alleviates the negative impact of replacing chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers on foxtail millet yield 以前作物的灌溉缓解了有机肥取代化肥对谷子产量的负面影响

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110156

Wenying Zhang , Bianyin Wang , Zhaoyang Chen , Binhui Liu , Yajie Liu , Weilong Qin , Xuran Dai

Switching from chemical to organic fertilizers is considered an ideal choice because it can yield numerous benefits for soil health, environmental sustainability, and crop production. However, it is still unclear how to effectively implement and maximize the advantages of replacing chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers while ensuring crop yield. The main objectives of this study were to explore the impact of previous crops irrigation and replacing chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers on millet yield in the semi-arid North China Plain. The results showed that the irrigation of previous crops and the replacement of chemical fertilizer by organic fertilizer could affect the yield of millet by different pathways in the North China Plain. Irrigation of previous crops significantly increased millet yield, spike weight, and 1000-grain weight by reducing blighted grain ratio. The influence of organic and nitrogen fertilizer applications on millet yield was significantly affected by the amount of irrigation of previous crops. Millet yield decreased with higher soil exchangeable potassium and increased with higher soil pH by affecting blighted grain ratio, and the changes of soil pH and exchangeable potassium caused by irrigation and fertilizer applications significantly affected the yield of foxtail millet. Moreover, irrigation of previous crops and replacement of chemical fertilizer by organic fertilizer could affect millet yield by altering soil fungal community structure and reducing soil pathogen abundance, rather than soil fungal community species diversity. These findings highlight that the irrigation of previous crops should be considered as an efficiency pathway to maintain crop yield by replacing chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers because it reduces pathogen abundance and enhances soil nutrient utilization.

从化学肥料转向有机肥料被认为是一个理想的选择，因为它可以为土壤健康、环境可持续性和作物生产带来许多好处。然而，如何在保证作物产量的同时，有效地实施和最大限度地发挥有机肥替代化肥的优势，目前还不清楚。本研究的主要目的是探讨在半干旱的华北平原，以前的作物灌溉和有机肥替代化肥对谷子产量的影响。结果表明，华北平原原茬作物灌溉和有机肥代肥对谷子产量有不同的影响途径。前茬灌溉通过降低枯粒率显著提高谷子产量、穗重和千粒重。施用有机肥和氮肥对谷子产量的影响受前茬灌水量的显著影响。谷子产量随土壤交换钾的增加而降低，随土壤pH的增加而增加，通过影响枯穗率，灌溉和施肥引起的土壤pH和交换钾的变化显著影响谷子产量。此外，以前的作物灌溉和有机肥替代化肥可能通过改变土壤真菌群落结构和降低土壤病原体丰度来影响谷子产量，而不是通过土壤真菌群落物种多样性来影响谷子产量。这些研究结果表明，利用有机肥代替化肥灌溉旧茬作物是保持作物产量的有效途径，因为它降低了病原体丰度，提高了土壤养分利用率。

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引用次数: 0

Reducing the water footprint of finishing beef cattle through feed selection 通过饲料选择减少肥育肉牛的水足迹

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110138

C. Alan Rotz , Jean L. Steiner , Jose P. Castano-Sanchez , Justin W. Waggoner , Miles E. Theurer , Craig A. Gifford , Sheri A. Spiegal

Life cycle assessments have shown that the blue water required to finish beef cattle can be large, primarily due to the feeding of corn and corn byproducts produced using irrigated crops. Almost half of the beef cattle in the US are finished on feedlots overlying the Ogallala Aquifer where crop production relies on irrigation water obtained from the declining reserves in the aquifer. Blue water footprints (liters per unit dry matter produced) of cattle feeds were determined and used to assess the potential for reducing the blue water footprint (liters per unit of body weight gained) of finishing cattle in the Ogallala Aquifer region. Life cycle assessment was applied to simulated feedlots in Nebraska, western Kansas and the Texas Panhandle to quantify the potential reduction in the blue water footprint of finishing cattle using alternative feeds along with effects on feed cost and other environmental footprints. The blue water footprint of producing feeds varied from 2 to 2000 liters/kg DM depending upon the amount of irrigation used. When most of the base diet came from irrigated corn, substituting half of the grain with wheat or sorghum reduced the water footprint of finishing cattle by up to 38 %. In Texas, however, where much of the corn came from non-irrigated crops imported to the state, use of local wheat or sorghum, where more irrigation was used, increased the water footprint up to 39 %. Replacing alfalfa hay with sorghum forage reduced the water footprint by 7–50 % across locations depending upon the amount of irrigation required for each crop. Considering long-term relative feed prices, substitution of corn with wheat increased feed cost about 10 % while use of sorghum grain provided a similar cost. Use of sorghum hay in place of alfalfa offset the long-term increased cost of feeding wheat. Due to lower yields, feeding wheat increased the footprints of fossil energy use (20–30 %), GHG emission (4–6 %), reactive N loss (14–23 %), and land use (100–160 %) for finishing cattle in the region. Substitution of sorghum grain or forage had little effect on environmental intensities except that lower grain yield increased land use 90–150 %. A sensitivity analysis showed that differences among diets varied with changes in some important assumptions of the analysis but not enough to reverse the relative ranking of diets. Although alternative crops can be used to reduce the blue water footprint of finishing cattle, a comprehensive sustainability assessment is needed for weighing all benefits and costs of dietary changes. Due to tradeoffs among sustainability metrics, no diet can be concluded as the best long-term option for finishing cattle in the Ogallala Aquifer region.

生命周期评估表明，育肥肉牛所需的蓝水可能很大，这主要是由于饲养玉米和使用灌溉作物生产的玉米副产品。在美国，几乎一半的肉牛是在奥加拉拉蓄水层上的饲养场饲养的，那里的作物生产依赖于从蓄水层中不断减少的储备中获取的灌溉用水。测定了牛饲料的蓝水足迹（产生的每单位干物质的升数），并用于评估减少奥加拉拉含水层地区肥育牛的蓝水足迹（每单位增重的升数）的潜力。生命周期评估应用于内布拉斯加州、堪萨斯州西部和德克萨斯州狭长地带的模拟饲养场，以量化使用替代饲料对肥育牛蓝水足迹的潜在减少，以及对饲料成本和其他环境足迹的影响。根据所使用的灌溉量，生产饲料的蓝水足迹从2升到2000升/千克日粮不等。当大部分基础饲料来自灌溉玉米时，用小麦或高粱代替一半的谷物，肥育牛的水足迹最多可减少38% %。然而，在德克萨斯州，大部分玉米来自进口的非灌溉作物，使用当地的小麦或高粱，使用更多的灌溉，增加了水足迹高达39% %。根据每种作物所需的灌溉量，用高粱饲料代替苜蓿干草减少了7 - 50% %的水足迹。考虑到长期相对饲料价格，用小麦替代玉米可使饲料成本增加约10 %，而使用高粱的成本与此相当。用高粱干草代替紫花苜蓿可以抵消饲喂小麦长期增加的成本。由于产量较低，饲养小麦增加了该地区育肥牛的化石能源使用足迹（20-30 %）、温室气体排放足迹（4-6 %）、活性氮损失足迹（14-23 %）和土地利用足迹（100-160 %）。替代高粱粮食或饲草对环境强度影响不大，但粮食产量降低会使土地利用增加90-150 %。一项敏感性分析表明，饮食之间的差异随着分析中一些重要假设的变化而变化，但不足以逆转饮食的相对排名。虽然可以使用替代作物来减少育肥牛的蓝水足迹，但需要进行全面的可持续性评估，以权衡饮食变化的所有收益和成本。由于可持续性指标之间的权衡，没有一种日粮可以被认为是奥加拉拉含水层地区育肥牛的最佳长期选择。

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引用次数: 0

Regional flow and pressure accounting of water-energy-food under the perspective of local and remote coupling: A case study of Hebei Province, China 远地耦合视角下的水能粮区域流量与压力核算——以河北省为例

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110129

Ziyan Zhang , Peipei Pan , Bingyu Liu , Xiaowen Yuan , Dengpan Xiao

Investigating the interplay between water, energy, and food systems is crucial for improving resource-use efficiency. A conspicuous knowledge gap persists concerning the exploration of these interrelationships through a multi-scale, coupled systems analysis. The findings revealed that the primary sector exhibited the highest water and food consumption coefficients. The secondary industry had the largest water, energy, and food footprints. Under the local and remote perspective, the virtual water and food inflows and outflows in Hebei Province were predominantly with Beijing, virtual carbon emission inflows were mainly from Beijing while outflows were primarily to Tianjin. From a remote-range perspective, the water, carbon emission, and food inflows into Hebei Province were primarily sourced from the eastern region, whereas the outflows were largely directed towards the western regions. The ecological relationship between Hebei Province and local systems was mainly exploitative. In the ecological relationship between Hebei Province and remote systems, the water resource network was more complex, while the carbon emission and food consumption networks were primarily controlled. In the local system, the dominant relationship was one of dependency. In the remote system, the control relationship within the water resource network was dominant. Additionally, in the carbon emission and food consumption network, the dependency relationship was dominant. From an overall perspective，the exacerbating effect of cross-regional resource flow on the resource pressure in Hebei Province was most pronounced under the local-remote coupling perspective. This study revealed the importance multi-coupled perspective in resource flow, providing new insights for cross-regional allocation and coordination optimization.

研究水、能源和粮食系统之间的相互作用对于提高资源利用效率至关重要。通过多尺度、耦合系统分析来探索这些相互关系，仍然存在明显的知识差距。结果表明，初级部门的水和食物消耗系数最高。第二产业的水、能源和食物足迹最大。在局地和远地视角下，河北省的虚拟水和粮食流入和流出以北京为主，虚拟碳排放流入以北京为主，流出以天津为主。从远端角度看，流入河北省的水、碳和粮食主要来自东部地区，而流出的水、碳和粮食主要流向西部地区。河北省与地方生态系统的生态关系主要是开发性的。在河北省与远端系统的生态关系中，水资源网络较为复杂，而碳排放和食物消费网络主要受到控制。在地方体系中，主导关系是依附关系。在远程系统中，水资源网络内部的控制关系占主导地位。此外，在碳排放和食物消费网络中，依赖关系占主导地位。从整体上看，跨区域资源流动对河北省资源压力的加剧作用在地远耦合视角下最为明显。该研究揭示了资源流动的重要性多耦合视角，为跨区域配置和协调优化提供了新的见解。

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引用次数: 0

A machine learning approach for quantifying crop water stress in smallholder farms using unmanned aerial vehicle multispectral imagery 一种使用无人机多光谱图像量化小农农场作物水分胁迫的机器学习方法

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110142

Ameera Yacoob , Shaeden Gokool , Alistair Clulow , Maqsooda Mahomed , Vivek Naiken , Tafadzwanashe Mabhaudhi

Water stress significantly threatens sugarcane production, particularly among smallholder farmers in South Africa, where spatially explicit assessments remain limited. This study aimed to improve the quantification of crop water stress by developing a machine learning (ML) model to predict the Normalised Difference Water Index (NDWI), a proxy for vegetation water content. An ML approach was adopted to capture complex, non-linear relationships between structural vegetation indices (SVIs) and NDWI. Sentinel-2 satellite data and UAV-acquired multispectral imagery were integrated, with the model trained using satellite-derived SVIs and NDWI, and then applied to UAV-derived SVIs to predict NDWI. The model achieved high predictive accuracy (R² = 0.95, RMSE = 0.03, MAE = 0.02) and effectively captured temporal variations in sugarcane water status, including post-rainfall stress recovery and increased water retention during early maturation—aligning with changes in leaf area index (LAI), chlorophyll content (CC), and Total Soil Water Profile (TSWP). NDWI also showed a positive correlation with actual evapotranspiration (ET_a; R² = 0.60) and a negative correlation with the Water Deficit Index (WDI; R² = 0.62), suggesting its potential to reflect crop water status under certain conditions. When interpreted in conjunction with in situ measurements of precipitation, TSWP, and WDI, the predicted NDWI provides valuable insights into crop water dynamics. This approach demonstrates the potential of ML-driven NDWI estimation to support site-specific irrigation scheduling, enhance resource use efficiency, and promote sustainable sugarcane cultivation. The findings contribute to climate-resilient water management practices tailored to the needs of smallholder systems in water-scarce regions.

水资源紧张严重威胁甘蔗生产，特别是在南非的小农中，那里的空间明确评估仍然有限。本研究旨在通过开发机器学习（ML）模型来预测归一化差异水分指数（NDWI），从而改善作物水分胁迫的量化，NDWI是植被含水量的代表。采用ML方法捕获结构植被指数（SVIs）与NDWI之间复杂的非线性关系。将Sentinel-2卫星数据与无人机获取的多光谱图像进行整合，利用卫星衍生的svi和NDWI对模型进行训练，然后将模型应用于无人机衍生的svi来预测NDWI。该模型具有较高的预测精度（R²= 0.95,RMSE = 0.03, MAE = 0.02），有效地捕捉了甘蔗水分状况的时间变化，包括降雨后胁迫恢复和早熟期保水增加，与叶面积指数（LAI）、叶绿素含量（CC）和土壤总含水量（TSWP）的变化一致。NDWI与实际蒸散量呈正相关（ETa; R²= 0.60），与水分亏缺指数（WDI; R²= 0.62）呈负相关，说明其在一定条件下具有反映作物水分状况的潜力。当与降水、TSWP和WDI的现场测量相结合进行解释时，预测的NDWI为作物水分动态提供了有价值的见解。该方法证明了机器学习驱动的NDWI估算在支持特定地点灌溉调度、提高资源利用效率和促进甘蔗可持续种植方面的潜力。这些发现有助于制定适应气候变化的水管理实践，以适应缺水地区小农系统的需求。

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引用次数: 0

Coupled coordination of oasis agriculture water–environment–economy systems under drip irrigation: Pathways and constraints in Xinjiang, China 滴灌条件下新疆绿洲农业水-环境-经济系统耦合协调的途径与制约

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110126

Guorong Ma , Jihong Zhang , Feihu Yin , Jinzhu Zhang , Li Guo , Yue Wen , Zhanli Ma , Zhengjiang Feng , Xiaoguo Mu , Zhenhua Wang

The widespread adoption of drip irrigation has profoundly transformed agricultural practices and oasis development in arid regions. However, amid the rapid expansion of this technology, the coupling coordination processes of the oasis agricultural water resources-environment-economy (WEE) system and the key factors influencing them remain insufficiently explored. Using the oases of Xinjiang as a case study, this research examines the period of rapid technological implementation from 2003 to 2019, analyzing changes in key indicators such as the drip-irrigated area and oasis extent. A comprehensive WEE evaluation framework comprising three subsystems was developed. The integrated development level of the system was assessed using 35 indicators reflecting key characteristics of oasis agricultural development, and the coupling coordination relationships among the subsystems were quantified using a coupled coordination degree model. Furthermore, a random forest model identified the system's primary drivers and constraints. The findings reveal that: (1) All measured variables increased substantially. The drip-irrigated area and oasis extent increased by 936.42 % and 12.67 %, respectively. (2) The comprehensive development index (CDI) of the WEE system and its subsystems exhibited an overall upward trend. (3) The coupling coordination degree (CCD) improved from 0.524 to 0.816, although it did not reach a state of optimal coordination. (4) Key drivers for WEE system advancement were water use per 10,000 yuan of agricultural value added, total agricultural machinery power, the labor force percentage in the primary sector, drip irrigation penetration, and the extent of saline-alkali wasteland. The main constraints included the water production coefficient, agricultural plastic film use per unit area, the growth rate of total agricultural output, fertilizer application rate, and the ratio of ecological water usage. (5) We recommend enhancing the resilience of the WEE system through improved water resource management, mitigation of agricultural pollution, promotion of agricultural industrial transformation, and optimization of ecological governance strategies. From a WEE synergy perspective, this study quantified the integrated impacts of drip irrigation expansion. The findings offer insights to support sustainable agricultural development in Xinjiang and other oasis regions worldwide facing water-resource constraints.

滴灌的广泛采用深刻地改变了干旱地区的农业实践和绿洲发展。然而，在该技术迅速推广的同时，绿洲农业水资源-环境-经济（WEE）系统的耦合协调过程及其关键影响因素的探索还不够充分。以新疆绿洲为例，考察了2003 - 2019年技术快速实施时期，分析了滴灌面积、绿洲面积等关键指标的变化。开发了一个包括三个子系统的综合WEE评估框架。利用反映绿洲农业发展关键特征的35个指标评价了系统的综合发展水平，并利用耦合协调度模型量化了各子系统之间的耦合协调关系。此外，随机森林模型确定了系统的主要驱动因素和制约因素。结果表明：(1)所有测量变量均显著增加。滴灌面积和绿洲面积分别增加了936.42 %和12.67 %。(2) WEE系统及其子系统的综合发展指数（CDI）总体呈上升趋势。(3)耦合协调度（CCD）从0.524提高到0.816，但未达到最优协调状态。(4)万元农业增加值用水量、农业机械总动力、第一产业劳动力占比、滴灌普及率和盐碱化荒地面积是推动农村自主创新发展的关键因素。主要制约因素包括生产水量系数、单位面积农膜使用量、农业总产量增长率、化肥施用量和生态用水比例。(5)建议通过改善水资源管理、缓解农业污染、促进农业产业转型和优化生态治理策略等措施来增强中小城市系统的弹性。从WEE协同的角度，本研究量化了滴灌扩张的综合影响。这一发现为支持新疆和全球其他面临水资源限制的绿洲地区的可持续农业发展提供了见解。

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引用次数: 0

Synergistic optimization of water and nitrogen use efficiency in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.): Interplay of nitrogen fertilization and plant spacing 藜麦（Chenopodium quinoa Willd.）水分和氮利用效率的协同优化：氮肥施用与植株间距的相互作用

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110147

Yan Deng , Maomi Yao, Runzhe Hua, Chenglei Deng, Jiaxing Gao, Zeyun Guo, Yan Zheng, Yadi Sun, Xiaojing Sun, Chuangyun Wang

Row spacing and nitrogen rates have a significant impact on nitrogen-water interactions in crops, potentially mitigating drought stress through reduced evapotranspiration. The goal is to assess the effect of row spacing and nitrogen levels on water and nitrogen dynamics in quinoa and the surrounding soil. We conducted a two-year field experiment in Niangzishen Township, Jingle County, Xinzhou City, Shanxi Province to evaluate three nitrogen fertilizer levels (N1: 90 kg/ha; N2: 120 kg/ha; N3: 150 kg/ha) and three row spacing configurations (R1: 20 cm; R2: 40 cm; R3: 60 cm). Results revealed wider row spacings notably boosted quinoa yield and components, with R3 outyielding others by 3.22–87.17 % (2023) and 3.97–113.68 % (2024); low row spacing (R1) had the best water-holding capacity, especially in 2023, up 7.29–21.7 % (ear emergence) and 7.13–19.54 % (maturity) vs. others; at maturity, R3 had the highest deep soil water under all nitrogen levels, averaging 6.37–23.47 % (2023) and 12.25–15.13 % (2024) above R1 and R2; the medium row spacing (R2) and nitrogen level (N2) had the most significant effect on increasing plant dry matter and nitrogen accumulation, with the highest nitrogen allocation to grains (49.26 %); plant water use efficiency (WUEp) and water productivity (WPC) also reached the same effect at R2N2, significantly increasing WUEp (34.93 %); N2R2 improved nitrogen uptake efficiency (NUPE, 54.17 %), production efficiency (PFP, 67.04 %), and nitrogen harvest index (NHI, 52.5 %) compared to other treatments. This study elucidates the regulatory mechanism of row spacing and nitrogen coupling on soil water-nitrogen dynamics and quinoa growth, providing a scientific basis for high-efficiency and water-saving quinoa cultivation in semi-arid regions.

行距和施氮量对作物氮水相互作用有显著影响，可能通过减少蒸散来缓解干旱胁迫。目的是评估行距和氮素水平对藜麦及其周围土壤水分和氮动态的影响。在山西省忻州市静乐县娘子深乡进行了为期两年的田间试验，评价了3种氮肥水平（N1: 90 kg/ha、N2: 120 kg/ha、N3: 150 kg/ha）和3种行距配置（R1: 20 cm、R2: 40 cm、R3: 60 cm）。结果表明，宽行距显著提高了藜麦产量和成分，其中R3比其他品种产量高出3.22-87.17 %（2023）和3.97-113.68 % (2024)；低行距（R1）保水能力最好，特别是2023年，比其他品种分别提高7.29 - 21.7% %（穗出）和7.13-19.54 %（成熟期）；成熟期，R3在各氮素水平下深层土壤水分最高，平均高于R1和R2 6.37 ~ 23.47 %（2023）和12.25 ~ 15.13 % (2024)；中行距（R2）和氮素水平（N2）对增加植株干物质和氮积累的影响最为显著，籽粒氮分配最高（49.26 %）；在R2N2条件下，植物水分利用效率（WUEp）和水分生产力（WPC）也达到了同样的效果，显著提高了WUEp(34.93 %)；与其他处理相比，N2R2处理提高了氮素吸收效率（NUPE, 54.17 %）、生产效率（PFP, 67.04 %）和氮素收获指数（NHI, 52.5 %）。本研究阐明了行距和氮耦合对土壤水氮动态及藜麦生长的调控机制，为半干旱区藜麦高效节水栽培提供科学依据。

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引用次数: 0

A multi-objective optimization for coordinating water-land resources considering crop suitability and drought effects 考虑作物适宜性和干旱影响的多目标水土资源协调优化

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110146

Kaihua Cao , Xiao Liu , Yijia Wang , Zhaoqiang Zhou , Mo Li

This study proposes a spatial multi-objective collaborative optimization method for land and water resources, integrating regional crop suitability and drought effects. The method optimizes the spatial distribution of resources, balancing economic benefits and blue water utilization while mitigating the adverse effects of drought on agricultural production. A multi-scale drought evaluation index (MSEDI) is developed to quantify the relationship between drought and crop yield reduction, and crop suitability evaluation is combined with a cellular automaton model to optimize the spatial distribution of land and water resources. A regional grid-based multi-objective planning model is employed to balance economic benefits and resource utilization efficiency. The application in the Sanjiang Plain shows that approximately 4.5 million 100 m× 100 m grid cells were optimized, leading to an increase in the water productivity of rice, maize, and soybeans by 18.3 %, 16.9 %, and 8.8 %, respectively, effectively coordinating land and water resource utilization with crop yield. Additionally, the irrigation strategy was optimized with a trend of "low in the early stage, high in the mid-stage, and reduced in the late stage," which improved the water use structure, shifting the ratio of surface water and groundwater from 63 % and 37–72 % and 28 %, reducing groundwater over-extraction. In drought years, the model reduced economic risk due to drought-related yield loss by 14 % compared to traditional models, validating its applicability in drought conditions. This provides a scientific basis for sustainable agricultural resource management.

本研究提出了一种综合区域作物适宜性和干旱效应的空间多目标水土资源协同优化方法。该方法优化了资源的空间分布，平衡了经济效益和蓝水利用，同时减轻了干旱对农业生产的不利影响。建立多尺度干旱评价指标（MSEDI），量化干旱与作物减产的关系；将作物适宜性评价与元胞自动机模型相结合，优化水土资源空间分布。采用基于区域网格的多目标规划模型来平衡经济效益和资源利用效率。在三江平原的应用表明，通过优化约450万个100 mx 100 m网格单元，水稻、玉米和大豆的水分生产力分别提高了18.3 %、16.9 %和8.8 %，有效地协调了水土资源利用与作物产量。优化灌溉策略，呈现“前期低、中期高、后期低”的趋势，改善了水分利用结构，使地表水与地下水的比例从63 %、37-72 %、28 %，减少了地下水超采。在干旱年份，与传统模型相比，该模型将干旱相关产量损失的经济风险降低了14% %，验证了其在干旱条件下的适用性。这为农业资源的可持续管理提供了科学依据。

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引用次数: 0