Agricultural Water Management最新文献_第8页

Spatial distributed management strategies for maize high-yield and high-efficiency under different production-demand scenarios in Northwest China 西北不同生产需求情景下玉米高产高效空间分布管理策略

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110166

Honghang Zhang , Chuanbin Liang , Wenxin Zhang , Manoj Shukla , Yu Fang , Shichao Chen , Taisheng Du

Rapid warming and increasingly stringent water allocations in arid Northwest China have exacerbated the inherent trade-offs among maize yield, water productivity (WP_c) and economic returns. This study employed a statistical modeling-optimization pipeline (PLS-GA) and a machine learning-optimization pipeline (RF-GA) to build a framework for better maize production in the Hexi Corridor of Gansu Province, an arid region in northwest China. The framework uses yield and actual evapotranspiration (ET_{c act}) prediction as well as multi-objective optimization calculations. The optimal irrigation, nitrogen application, and planting density were proposed for five production-demand scenarios and the consequent impacts on yield, WP_c, and economic returns under future climate change were systematically assessed. Results showed that random forest (RF) outperformed partial least squares (PLS) regression in capturing non-linear relationships (R²= 0.80 vs. 0.51) for yield simulation, whereas PLS provided superior explanatory power for individual factors. Findings also showed that all scenarios in the historical period could have benefited from an increase in planting density by at least 13.1 % and precision planting, leading to improvements in yield, WP_c, and economic returns of at least 20.2 %, 31.4 %, and 15.1 %, respectively, alongside reductions in nitrogen application and irrigation of at least 13.7 % and 6.3 %, respectively. During mid-century (2041–2050), planting density and irrigation were projected to decline 0.4–1.1 % and 0.1–3.5 %, respectively, while nitrogen application to increase by 4.7–9.9 %. These adaptive measures lead to enhanced yield (5.8–6.2 %) and economic returns (13.8–14.7 %), albeit with a decline in WP_c (13.1–14.5 %). This study presents an integrated maize management strategy that simultaneously optimizes grain yield, WP_c, and economic returns in the Hexi Corridor, while also contributing a scalable methodological framework for advancing climate-resilient agricultural practices in arid, irrigated agroecosystems of Northwest China and comparable regions.

中国西北干旱地区的快速变暖和日益严格的水资源分配加剧了玉米产量、水分生产力和经济效益之间的内在权衡。本研究采用统计建模-优化管道（PLS-GA）和机器学习-优化管道（RF-GA）构建了中国西北干旱区甘肃省河西走廊玉米优化生产的框架。该框架采用产量和实际蒸散量预测以及多目标优化计算。提出了5种生产需求情景下的最佳灌溉、施氮量和种植密度，并系统评估了未来气候变化对产量、WPc和经济回报的影响。结果表明，随机森林（RF）在捕获非线性关系（R2= 0.80 vs. 0.51）的产量模拟方面优于偏最小二乘（PLS）回归，而PLS对单个因素提供了更好的解释能力。研究结果还表明，在历史时期的所有情景中，种植密度至少增加13.1% %和精确种植都可以使产量、WPc和经济回报分别提高至少20.2% %、31.4% %和15.1% %，同时氮肥施用和灌溉分别减少至少13.7% %和6.3% %。本世纪中叶（2041 ~ 2050年），预计种植密度和灌溉分别下降0.4 ~ 1.1 %和0.1 ~ 3.5 %，施氮量增加4.7 ~ 9.9 %。这些适应性措施提高了产量（5.8-6.2 %）和经济回报（13.8-14.7 %），尽管WPc下降了（13.1-14.5 %）。本研究提出了一种玉米综合管理策略，可同时优化河西走廊的粮食产量、WPc和经济回报，同时也为促进西北干旱灌溉农业生态系统的气候适应性农业实践提供了可扩展的方法框架。

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引用次数: 0

Editorial for the special issue on performance gaps of irrigation systems in Mediterranean agriculture 关于地中海农业灌溉系统性能差距的特刊社论

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2025.110110

Gilles Belaud, Maria do Rosário Cameira, Kevin Daudin, Crystele Leauthaud

引用次数: 0

Changes in groundwater quality driven by anthropogenic pumping in oasis-desert systems of Northwest China 人为抽水驱动的西北绿洲-荒漠系统地下水水质变化

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110158

Naying Chai , Caixia Huang , Wei Liu , Meng Zhu , Yingqing Su , Xinjun Zheng , Shengchuan Tian , Zeyi Wang , Yuhui Chen , Xinwei Yin

Groundwater resources, both the quantity and quality, are vital to ecosystems and livelihoods in arid and semi-arid regions. Natural and anthropogenic activities greatly impact groundwater quality and stability, posing a potential threat to the ecological environment. Using hydrochemical diagramming and stable isotope tracing, the hydrochemical properties, recharge sources, transformation processes, and driving mechanisms of groundwater-surface water (rivers) were evaluated for the period between 2004 and 2024 in an oasis-desert system of northwest China. The groundwater and surface water (rivers) were slightly alkaline, with pH ranges of 6.90–8.40, and 6.94–7.84, respectively. Compared to 2004, groundwater electrical conductivity (4097.08 μS·cm⁻¹) and total dissolved solids (2622.13 mg·L⁻¹) increased in 2024, with salinization intensifying along groundwater flow paths. The surface water was mainly

HC O_{3}^{-} {- Ca}^{2 +}

type, while the groundwater was

{SO}_{4}^{2 -} - {Na}^{+}

,

{Cl}^{-} - {Na}^{+}

, and

{Cl}^{-} - {SO}_{4}^{2 -} - {Ca}^{2 +} - {Mg}^{2 +}

types. Abrupt changes in groundwater quality in oasis-desert systems were identified in 2009. The groundwater hydrochemical components were predominantly determined by cation exchange, rock weathering, and evaporation-crystallization. Mean values of

δ^{18} O

(

δ D

) in shallow and deep groundwater were −12.12 ‰ (−82.86 ‰) and −11.84 ‰ (−83.59 ‰), respectively. A close hydraulic connection exists between shallow and deep groundwater, thus pushing the latter to transform into shallow groundwater. Finite-element simulations indicate that as pumping rates increase and freshwater recharge decreases, groundwater quality deteriorates. The salinization range has expanded across the oasis-desert system, with the maximum distance extension toward the freshwater side reaching 26.32–55.26 %. Thus, it is recommended to control pumping rates to monitor groundwater deterioration.

地下水资源的数量和质量对干旱和半干旱地区的生态系统和生计至关重要。自然和人为活动严重影响地下水水质和稳定性，对生态环境构成潜在威胁。利用水化学图解和稳定同位素示踪技术，对2004 - 2024年中国西北绿洲-荒漠系统地下水-地表水（河）的水化学性质、补给源、转化过程和驱动机制进行了评价。地下水和地表水（河流）呈微碱性，pH值分别为6.90 ~ 8.40和6.94 ~ 7.84。与2004年相比，2024年地下水电导率（4097.08 μS·cm−1）和总溶解固形物（2622.13 mg·L−1）增加，沿地下水流道盐碱化加剧。地表水主要为HCO3−−Ca2+型，地下水主要为SO42−−Na+、Cl−−Na+和Cl−−SO42−Ca2+−Mg2+型。2009年，绿洲-沙漠系统地下水水质发生突变。地下水水化学成分主要由阳离子交换、岩石风化和蒸发结晶作用决定。浅层和深层地下水δ18O （δD）平均值分别为- 12.12‰（- 82.86‰）和- 11.84‰（- 83.59‰）。浅层地下水与深层地下水之间存在着紧密的水力联系，促使深层地下水向浅层地下水转化。有限元模拟表明，随着抽水速率的增加和淡水补给的减少，地下水水质恶化。盐渍化范围在整个绿洲-荒漠系统中不断扩大，向淡水侧的最大延伸距离达到26.32 ~ 55.26%。因此，建议控制抽水量以监测地下水的恶化情况。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of deficit irrigation at different phenological periods on yield, quality, and water productivity of Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge in the Horqin Sandy Land of China 不同物候期亏缺灌溉对科尔沁沙地文冠果产量、品质和水分生产力的影响

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110130

Shuqin Song , Benye Xi , Yang Liu , Jing Zhong , Xiaoxia Wang , Liming Jia

In arid and semi-arid regions, improving water efficiency is imperative for the sustainable advancement of both forestry and agriculture. The water demand period for Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge, an economically and ecologically important tree grown in the Horqin Sandy Land of China, is unknown. This knowledge gap has hindered the development of optimized deficit irrigation (DI) schemes aimed at conserving water while maintaining yield and quality. To identify this key period and better understand the water-use dynamics of this species, we conducted a two-year field experiment (2021–2022). Eight irrigation treatments were applied across three key phenological stages: flowering (F), fruit setting to expansion (S), and fruit-expansion to maturity (M). The irrigation treatments included full-stage (FSM), two-stage (FS, FM, and SM), single-stage (F, S, and M), and no irrigation (NI). The application of DI decreased fruit yields by 8.36–58.01 % (p < 0.05), while two-stage irrigation significantly reduced water consumption and evapotranspiration compared with full-stage irrigation (p < 0.01). FS significantly improved water productivity (

WP

), irrigation water productivity (

{WP}_{I}

), and fruit quality. All two-stage irrigation treatments demonstrated yield response factors (

k_{y}

) < 1. The FS treatment reduced irrigation volume by 43.7 %, while the yield decreased by only 8.36 %, suggesting that the irrigation savings did not significantly compromise yield. In summary, the FS treatment is recommended as the most optimal irrigation schedule, followed by SM and FM, for the production of X. sorbifolium in drylands. This approach conserves water while minimally impacting productivity, thus representing a sustainable water management strategy.

在干旱和半干旱地区，提高用水效率对于林业和农业的可持续发展至关重要。中国科尔沁沙地上生长着一种具有重要经济和生态意义的乔木——文冠（Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge），其需水周期尚不清楚。这种知识差距阻碍了旨在节水同时保持产量和质量的优化亏缺灌溉（DI）方案的发展。为了确定这一关键时期，更好地了解该物种的水分利用动态，我们进行了为期两年的野外试验（2021-2022）。8个灌溉处理跨越3个物候阶段：开花(F)、坐果至膨大(S)和果实膨大至成熟(M)。灌溉处理包括全阶段（FSM）、两阶段（FS、FM和SM）、单阶段（F、S和M）和不灌溉（NI）。直接灌水使果实产量降低了8.36 ~ 58.01 % (p <； 0.05)，两期灌溉较全期灌溉显著降低了耗水量和蒸散量（p <； 0.01）。FS显著提高了水分生产力（WP）、灌溉水分生产力（WPI）和果实品质。所有两期灌溉处理均表现出产量响应因子（ky） < 1。FS处理减少了43.7%的灌水量，而产量仅下降了8.36%，表明节水对产量没有显著影响。综上所述，旱地枸杞生产的最佳灌溉方式为FS处理，其次为SM和FM处理。这种方法节约用水，同时对生产力的影响最小，因此是一种可持续的水管理战略。

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引用次数: 0

From past to future: Spatiotemporal insights into drought stress on Belgian pome fruit production for 1991–2090 从过去到未来：1991-2090年干旱胁迫对比利时梨果生产的时空影响

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110151

Brecht Bamps , Anne Gobin , Ben Somers , Jos Van Orshoven

Recurring drought episodes cause significant economic losses and uncertainty in the Belgian pome fruit sector, requiring effective risk management strategies. Considering the expected increase in frequency, intensity and duration of drought episodes, our study focuses on quantifying the associated location-specific hazard for apple and pear orchards in Belgium. A spatially distributed implementation of the growth model AquaCrop was used to calculate a daily soil water balance at a 12.5 × 12.5 km spatial resolution based on nine bias corrected regional climate model projections from the EURO-CORDEX ensemble for emission scenarios RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. The spatiotemporal evolution of the precipitation deficit (mm), transpiration deficit (mm) and net irrigation requirement (mm) were used to assess current and future meteorological and agricultural drought hazards. We find a spatially averaged increase of the transpiration deficit of 61.4% (39.0%) and the net irrigation requirement of 32.3 % (18.5%) comparing a period in the far future (2061–2090) to a baseline period (1991–2020) under scenario RCP8.5 (RCP4.5). In addition, corresponding interquartile ranges of 204.2% (77.6%) and 30.8% (10.3%) show a large inter-climate model variability in the simulation results. The projected increase of the precipitation deficit during the summer months causes agricultural drought in a spatially heterogeneous manner, relating to the soil total available water content and depth to the shallow groundwater table. Despite the overall increase in drought hazard, the suitability of the current production regions is not projected to change relative to other agricultural regions in Belgium regarding agricultural drought.

经常性的干旱给比利时的梨类水果部门造成重大的经济损失和不确定性，需要有效的风险管理战略。考虑到预计干旱事件的频率、强度和持续时间会增加，我们的研究重点是量化比利时苹果和梨果园相关的特定地点危害。利用生长模式AquaCrop的空间分布式实现，基于EURO-CORDEX系统对RCP4.5和RCP8.5排放情景的9个校正偏差的区域气候模式预估，计算了12.5 × 12.5 km空间分辨率下的日土壤水分平衡。利用降水亏缺量（mm）、蒸腾亏缺量（mm）和净灌溉需要量（mm）的时空演变特征来评估当前和未来的气象和农业干旱灾害。研究发现，在RCP8.5 （RCP4.5）情景下，远未来时期（2061-2090）与基准期（1991-2020）相比，蒸腾亏缺的空间平均增幅为61.4%(39.0%)，净灌溉需水量为32.3% %（18.5%）。另外，对应的四分位数区间为204.2%（77.6%）和30.8%(10.3%)，在模拟结果中表现出较大的气候间模式变率。预估夏季降水亏缺的增加导致农业干旱的空间异质性，与土壤总有效含水量和浅层地下水位深度有关。尽管干旱灾害总体上有所增加，但预计当前生产区在农业干旱方面相对于比利时其他农业区的适宜性不会发生变化。

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引用次数: 0

Optimizing maize canopy structure to enhance resource use efficiency in maize-soybean intercropping systems 优化玉米冠层结构提高玉米-大豆间作系统资源利用效率

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110161

Shiming Duan , Bin Du , Wencong Chen , Shichao Chen , Qi Liao , Manoj Shukla , Taisheng Du

In water-limited regions, optimizing irrigation is fundamental to the sustainability of maize-soybean intercropping. However, the synergistic mechanisms through which irrigation modulates canopy structure to alleviate interspecific light competition and enhance water productivity remain poorly understood. This study investigated the ecophysiological responses of the intercropping system to the interplay between maize canopy architectures and deficit irrigation strategies. A two-year field experiment was conducted in northwest China, a representative arid region. The sole cropping treatments included compact maize (M1), spreading maize (M2), and shade-tolerant soybean (S), while the intercropping treatments comprised M1S and M2S. Based on the traditional irrigation (full irrigation for both maize and soybean), single-crop deficit irrigation and dual-crop deficit irrigation strategies were implemented. Results showed that the compact maize architecture inherently improved light transmittance (Tau, +30.3 %), boosting photosynthetically active radiation (PAR, +20.8 %) and net photosynthetic rate (Pn, +13.9 %) for intercropped soybean. More significantly, the "maize-full, soybean-deficit" irrigation strategy synergistically modulated maize morphology, further increasing its canopy Tau by 19.0 %. This architectural modification amplified PAR for soybean by 40.9 % and its Pn by 46.4 %, effectively mitigating light competition and balancing interspecific aggressivity (Ams ≈ 0). Critically, this integrated strategy achieved substantial water savings (9.4–16.6 % less irrigation) without compromising system yield, while significantly increasing irrigation water productivity (IWP, +10.2 %) and water equivalent ratio (WER, +13.7 %). Our findings demonstrate that synergistic regulation of canopy architecture via precision irrigation is a potent strategy for achieving water-saving and high-yield goals in intercropping systems, offering a valuable paradigm for sustainable agriculture in arid zones globally.

在缺水地区，优化灌溉对玉米-大豆间作的可持续性至关重要。然而，灌溉调节冠层结构以缓解种间光竞争和提高水分生产力的协同机制仍不清楚。研究了间作制度对玉米冠层结构与亏缺灌溉策略相互作用的生理生态响应。在具有代表性的西北干旱区进行了为期两年的田间试验。单作处理包括密实玉米（M1）、铺布玉米（M2）和耐荫大豆(S)，间作处理包括M1S和M2S。在传统灌溉方式（玉米和大豆全灌）的基础上，实施单亏灌和双亏灌策略。结果表明，紧凑的玉米结构内在地提高了间作大豆的透光率（Tau, +30.3 %），提高了光合有效辐射（PAR, +20.8 %）和净光合速率（Pn, +13.9 %）。更显著的是，“满玉米亏大豆”灌溉策略协同调节了玉米形态，进一步增加了19.0 %的冠层Tau。这种结构修饰使大豆的PAR和Pn分别提高了40.9 %和46.4 %，有效地缓解了光竞争，平衡了种间攻击性（Ams≈0）。关键是，这种综合策略在不影响系统产量的情况下实现了大量节水（灌溉减少9.4-16.6 %），同时显著提高了灌溉水生产率（IWP, +10.2 %）和水当量比（WER, +13.7 %）。我们的研究结果表明，通过精确灌溉对冠层结构进行协同调节是实现间作系统节水高产目标的有效策略，为全球干旱地区的可持续农业提供了有价值的范例。

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引用次数: 0

Stomatal conductance modeling for drip-irrigated kiwifruit in seasonal drought regions of South China: Evaluation of improved empirical models and interpretable machine learning approaches 华南季节性旱区滴灌猕猴桃气孔导度建模：改进的经验模型和可解释性机器学习方法的评价

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110153

Shunsheng Zheng , Ningbo Cui , Quanshan Liu , Shouzheng Jiang , Daozhi Gong , Xiaoxian Zhang

Accurate modeling of stomatal conductance (g_s) enhances understanding of plant water relations and supports advancements in eco-physiological modeling and adaptive irrigation practices. This study provides a comprehensive evaluation of g_s modeling for drip-irrigated kiwifruit through parallel development of three Jarvis-type empirical models (JV, JV1, JV2) and five machine learning algorithms (XGBoost, LightGBM, CatBoost, SVR, LR) based on three years of field measurements comprising synchronized records of g_s and key environmental drivers. Models were assessed via year-wise grouped cross-validation, with performance measured by R², RMSE, and MAE, and interpretability analyzed using SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) and Partial Dependence Plots (PDPs). Results showed that deficit irrigation significantly reduced g_s, with sensitivity being most pronounced during stage II. The incorporation of soil water content (SWC) substantially improved the accuracy of both empirical and machine learning models. Among empirical models, JV2, featuring a stage-specific nonlinear SWC response function, demonstrated the highest accuracy (R² ranging from 0.736 to 0.814) and minimized bias under extreme SWC conditions. Using vapor pressure deficit (VPD), air temperature (Ta), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), and SWC as input variables, CatBoost outperformed both empirical models and other machine learning algorithms across all growth stages (R² = 0.815–0.839; RMSE = 0.065–0.076 mol m⁻² s⁻¹; MAE = 0.054–0.064 mol m⁻² s⁻¹). SHAP analysis and PDPs identified VPD as the dominant driver of g_s variation, followed by SWC. Overall, the improved JV2 model offers a structurally transparent framework for g_s estimation with acceptable accuracy, while CatBoost combined with SHAP analysis and PDPs provides superior predictive performance and robust interpretability under complex environmental conditions. These findings support the reliable modeling and regulation of kiwifruit g_s under varying SWC scenarios in drip-irrigated orchards.

气孔导度（gs）的精确建模增强了对植物水分关系的理解，并支持生态生理建模和适应性灌溉实践的进步。本研究基于三年的田间测量数据，包括同步记录的gs和关键环境驱动因素，通过并行开发三种jarvis型经验模型（JV、JV1、JV2）和五种机器学习算法（XGBoost、LightGBM、CatBoost、SVR、LR），对滴灌猕猴桃gs模型进行了全面评估。通过年度分组交叉验证对模型进行评估，使用R2、RMSE和MAE测量模型的性能，并使用SHapley加性解释（SHAP）和部分依赖图（pdp）分析模型的可解释性。结果表明，亏缺灌溉显著降低了gs，在II期敏感性最为明显。土壤含水量（SWC）的结合大大提高了经验模型和机器学习模型的准确性。在经验模型中，JV2具有特定阶段的非线性SWC响应函数，在极端SWC条件下具有最高的精度（R2范围为0.736 ~ 0.814）和最小的偏差。使用蒸汽压差（VPD）、空气温度（Ta）、光合有效辐射（PAR）和SWC作为输入变量，CatBoost在所有生长阶段都优于经验模型和其他机器学习算法（R2 = 0.815-0.839; RMSE = 0.065-0.076 mol m−2 s−1;MAE = 0.054-0.064 mol m−2 s−1）。SHAP和pdp分析表明VPD是gs变化的主要驱动因素，其次是SWC。总体而言，改进的JV2模型为gs估计提供了一个结构透明的框架，具有可接受的精度，而CatBoost结合SHAP分析和pdp提供了优越的预测性能和复杂环境条件下的鲁棒可解释性。这些发现支持了滴灌果园中猕猴桃在不同SWC情景下的可靠建模和调控。

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引用次数: 0

Toward sustainable Brassica napus production: Optimizing fertilization regimes for yield, water, and nutrient efficiency 朝着可持续的甘蓝型油菜生产：优化施肥制度的产量，水分和养分效率

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110145

Qiang Zheng , Peng Song , Xin Wang , Siqi Han , Kai Zhang , Peng Hou , Peiling Yang

Enhancing both crop productivity and resource-use efficiency is essential for sustainable intensification, particularly in high-value vegetable systems. Conventional surface irrigation combined with one-time application of compound fertilizer often leads to poor synchronization between nutrient supply and crop demand, resulting in inefficient resource use and elevated environmental risks. This study investigated the effects of split N P K application via precision drip fertigation on soil conditions, crop performance, and water productivity in Brassica napus cultivated for edible shoots. Four fertilization treatments were compared: (T1) conventional surface irrigation with a single top-dressing of compound fertilizer, and three drip-fertigation regimes using organic water-soluble fertilizer-(T2) fertilizer applied in two equal splits, (T3) fertilizer applied in three equal splits, and (T4) fertilizer applied in four equal splits-synchronized with successive shoot-harvest stages. Results demonstrated that drip fertigation significantly improved subsoil moisture and reduced soil electrical conductivity. Notably, treatments T3 and T4 enhanced nitrate nitrogen availability, stem diameter, plant height, and biomass accumulation. Compared with T1, T3 and T4 increased shoot yield by 17.1 % and 9.31 %, irrigation water productivity (WP_I) by 17.1 % and 9.17 %, and partial factor productivity of N fertilizer (PFP_N) by 1.62 % and 7.63 %, respectively. Structural equation modeling identified stem diameter, dry weight, and inflorescence number as key yield drivers, while PFP_N was affected by both morphological and physiological traits. A combined AHP-EWM evaluation framework identified T3 as the optimal fertilization regime. The fertigation strategy and evaluation framework developed here offer a practical and scalable pathway for enhancing water-nutrient efficiency in multi-cut vegetable systems, supporting sustainable intensification beyond the study region.

提高作物生产力和资源利用效率对于可持续集约化至关重要，特别是在高价值蔬菜系统中。传统的地表灌溉与一次性施用复合肥相结合，往往导致养分供给与作物需求不同步，导致资源利用效率低下，环境风险加大。研究了精确滴灌分步施氮磷钾对甘蓝型可食苗土壤条件、作物生产性能和水分生产力的影响。比较了4种施肥处理：（T1）常规地表灌溉单次追肥，和3种有机水溶性肥料滴灌施肥方案——（T2）两次等距施肥，（T3）三等距施肥，（T4）四等距施肥，与连续的芽收期同步。结果表明，滴灌施肥显著改善了土壤水分，降低了土壤电导率。T3和T4处理显著提高了硝态氮有效性、茎粗、株高和生物量积累。与T1相比，T3和T4分别提高了地上部产量17.1 %和9.31 %，灌溉水生产力（WPI）分别提高了17.1 %和9.17 %，氮肥部分要素生产力（PFPN）分别提高了1.62 %和7.63 %。结构方程模型表明茎粗、干重和花序数是主要的产量驱动因素，而PFPN受形态和生理性状的共同影响。AHP-EWM综合评价框架确定T3为最佳施肥方案。这里制定的施肥策略和评价框架为提高多切蔬菜系统的水-养分效率提供了一条实用且可扩展的途径，支持研究区域以外的可持续集约化。

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引用次数: 0

Opposite responses of water use efficiency and carbon use efficiency to agricultural drought during winter wheat growth period in the core area of grain production in the ancient course of Yellow River 黄河古河道粮食生产核心区冬小麦生育期水分利用效率和碳利用效率对农业干旱的相反响应

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110144

Xiaojuan Ren , Guodong Li , Xuejian Sun , Hui He , Qingtao Zhao , Longsheng Wang , Yunfei Gong , Bingqian Han , Chenxi Cao

In the context of global climate change, agricultural drought threatens food security in the ancient course of Yellow River, a key grain production region in China. Based on the temperature vegetation dryness index (TVDI), carbon use efficiency (CUE), and water use efficiency (WUE), this study employed methods such as random forest model and partial dependence plots to systematically evaluate the spatiotemporal variations in winter wheat carbon-water use efficiency and their threshold responses to agricultural drought and environmental factors. Results indicated that the winter wheat growing period was dominated by mild drought, with TVDI exhibiting a fluctuating upward trend. In drought-intensified regions, 63.9 % of the area showed a decline in CUE, while 98 % experienced an increase in WUE. CUE and WUE exhibited distinct inverse responses at TVDI = 0.5, and this threshold can serve as a key decision point for irrigation initiation. Multi-factor synergistic analysis revealed that mild drought combined with lower hydrothermal conditions or high vapor pressure deficit tended to form low-CUE zones, whereas mild drought combined with suitable hydrothermal conditions optimized WUE. Conversely, severe drought led to carbon-water metabolic damage. These findings provide a quantitative basis for differentiated irrigation management. This study elucidates the threshold responses of winter wheat carbon-water cycling to drought stress and multi-factor regulatory mechanisms, providing a quantitative basis for precision irrigation and optimal agricultural water resource allocation in core grain production regions.

在全球气候变化背景下，黄河古河道作为中国重要的粮食产区，农业干旱对其粮食安全构成威胁。基于温度植被干燥指数（TVDI）、碳利用效率（CUE）和水分利用效率（WUE），采用随机森林模型和部分依赖图等方法，系统评价了冬小麦碳水利用效率的时空变化及其对农业干旱和环境因子的阈值响应。结果表明：冬小麦生育期以轻度干旱为主，TVDI呈波动上升趋势；在干旱加剧区，63.9 %的面积出现CUE下降，而98 %的面积出现WUE增加。在TVDI = 0.5时，CUE和WUE表现出明显的反向响应，该阈值可以作为灌溉启动的关键决策点。多因素协同分析表明，轻度干旱与低热液条件或高蒸汽压亏缺相结合会形成低cue区，而轻度干旱与适宜的热液条件相结合会优化WUE。相反，严重干旱导致碳水代谢损伤。这些发现为差别化灌溉管理提供了定量依据。本研究阐明了冬小麦碳水循环对干旱胁迫的阈值响应及其多因素调控机制，为粮食主产区精准灌溉和农业水资源优化配置提供定量依据。

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引用次数: 0

Soil water and salt migration characteristics under freezing saline water irrigation: An isotope tracing and phase analysis perspective 冰冻盐水灌溉条件下土壤水盐迁移特征：同位素示踪和物相分析

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110150

Junjie Li , Zhongyi Qu , Wei Yang , Gerile Hasi , Liping Wang , Ruxin Zhang , Dongliang Zhang

In arid cold regions, optimizing saline water use for soil improvement presents significant challenges in water-salt regulation. This study investigates freezing saline water irrigation (FSWI) as a promising strategy, examining its effects on soil water-heat-salt dynamics through a three-year field experiment with varying irrigation amounts (0, 90, 180, and 270 mm, designated FSWI₀–FSWI₂₇₀). Results demonstrate that FSWI considerably moderates deep soil temperature variation during freeze-thaw cycles, shortening the freezing period by up to 8 days. Meltwater from surface ice effectively leaches shallow soil (0–40 cm), evidenced by decreased soil water δ¹ ⁸O. Although irrigation introduced salt (peak salt load: 3.15 kg m⁻²), freezing-induced phase changes promoted salt migration to deeper layers, reducing shallow soil salinity by 40.47 % under FSWI₁₈₀ after thawing. Conversely, excessive irrigation (FSWI₂₇₀) increased surface salinity by 4.67 %, indicating salinization risk. The study identifies 180 mm as the optimal irrigation volume. These findings elucidate the mechanisms of water-salt transport under FSWI and support its potential as a viable strategy for saline soil amelioration and water conservation in cold regions.

在干旱寒冷地区，优化盐碱水利用以改善土壤是水盐调控面临的重大挑战。本研究研究了冷冻盐水灌溉（FSWI）作为一种有前景的策略，通过为期三年的不同灌溉量（0、90、180和270 mm，指定FSWI0-FSWI270）的田间试验，研究了其对土壤水-热-盐动态的影响。结果表明，FSWI显著调节了冻融循环中深层土壤温度的变化，使冻结期缩短了8天。表层冰的融水有效地淋滤浅层土壤（0-40 cm），土壤水分δ¹ ⁸O降低。虽然灌溉引入了盐（峰值盐负荷：3.15 kg m⁻²），但冻结引起的相变促进了盐向更深层的迁移，在FSWI180下，解冻后浅层土壤的盐度降低了40.47 %。相反，过量灌溉（FSWI270）使地表盐度增加4.67 %，表明存在盐碱化风险。研究确定180 mm为最佳灌溉水量。这些发现阐明了FSWI下水盐运移的机制，并支持其作为寒地盐渍土改良和保水的可行策略的潜力。

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引用次数: 0