Agricultural Systems最新文献

Food trade-offs in targeting environmental efficiency: Comparative analysis of different agricultural systems under natural constraints 以环境效率为目标的粮食权衡：自然约束下不同农业系统的比较分析

IF 6.1 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Agricultural Systems

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.agsy.2026.104680

Bazyli Czyżewski , Anna Matuszczak , Konrad Prandecki , Wioletta Wrzaszcz

CONTEXT

It is unclear whether the global targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions can be achieved without negatively impacting food security. Some studies assume that increased agricultural productivity can improve environmental performance without reducing food availability. However, this scenario has not yet been tested at a farm level.

OBJECTIVE

This study examines whether increasing the environmental performance of farms reduces their potential calorie output, taking into account the interactions between different farming types (TFs) and natural constraints based on a dataset from Poland (16,263 observations from 2014 to 2022).

METHODS

A Super-SBM DEA model with multiple desirable and undesirable outputs was employed to compute target values for caloric outputs in the technical efficiency models, both with and without taking the GHG criterion into account. Next, the causal effects of natural constraints on food trade-offs and efficiency were estimated matching similar agricultural systems by several treatment effect techniques.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS

Food trade-offs were confirmed to occur, accounting for 4–19% of potential calorie output (PCO), depending on the TF. These trade-offs can be mitigated by 13% or boosted by 6% of PCO due to the level of natural constraints. Interestingly, the correlation between food trade-offs and environmental efficiency varied depending on the TF: it was negative for animal specialisations and positive for field crops.

SIGNIFICANCE

There is a consensus that highly developed countries have a decisive influence on global food security through spot and futures markets. However, it is worth exploring whether GHG reduction can be achieved in these countries without compromising food availability?

目前尚不清楚减少温室气体排放的全球目标能否在不对粮食安全产生负面影响的情况下实现。一些研究认为，提高农业生产率可以在不减少粮食供应的情况下改善环境绩效。然而，这种情况尚未在农场层面进行测试。本研究基于波兰的数据集（2014年至2022年的16,263次观察），考虑到不同农业类型（TFs）和自然约束之间的相互作用，研究了提高农场的环境绩效是否会减少其潜在的卡路里输出。方法采用具有理想输出和不理想输出的Super-SBM DEA模型，计算考虑和不考虑温室气体标准的技术效率模型的热量输出目标值。其次，通过几种处理效果技术估算了与类似农业系统相匹配的自然约束对粮食权衡和效率的因果影响。结果与结论食物权衡被证实发生，占潜在热量输出（PCO）的4-19%，取决于TF。由于自然约束的水平，这些权衡可以减少13%或增加6%的PCO。有趣的是，食物权衡与环境效率之间的相关性因TF而异：对动物专业化是负相关，对大田作物是正相关。意义高度发达国家通过现货和期货市场对全球粮食安全具有决定性影响，这是一个共识。然而，值得探讨的是，这些国家能否在不影响粮食供应的情况下实现温室气体减排？

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引用次数: 0

The other red meat: Environmental and nutritional advantages of horsemeat over beef and other meats 另一种红肉：与牛肉和其他肉类相比，马肉在环境和营养方面具有优势

IF 6.1 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Agricultural Systems

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.agsy.2026.104665

Brett R. Hankerson , Daniel Müller

CONTEXT

Beef is the most environmentally unfriendly meat. We must explore pathways to reduce emissions from meat production.

OBJECTIVE

Explore the potential for horsemeat to reduce or even replace beef as the red meat of choice.

METHODS

Review and collation of relevant information and data in order to compare the production and consumption of beef with horsemeat. Important aspects to compare are emissions from production, feed and land requirements, and nutritional qualities of the meat.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS

Compared to beef, horsemeat contains higher protein and iron, less fat, a lower percentage of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, less cholesterol, and more essential amino acids. Regarding emissions, horses produce far less methane than cattle per kilogram of meat produced. Regarding land use, horses are less efficient digesters, which increases the total area required, though they require less cropland. Horses are also more mobile, require less protection from the elements and predators, and can graze year-round, making more marginal and distant pastures available for longer periods. Additionally, cropland currently used for feed production could be converted to high-quality hayfields, further reducing land demand.

SIGNIFICANCE

Horsemeat is not only a viable option, but perhaps a preferable one in the face of the global need to reduce the environmental impacts of meat production.

牛肉是最不环保的肉类。我们必须探索减少肉类生产排放的途径。目的探讨马肉减少甚至取代牛肉作为红肉选择的潜力。方法回顾和整理相关资料和数据，对牛肉和马肉的生产和消费进行比较。需要比较的重要方面是生产过程中的排放、饲料和土地需求以及肉类的营养品质。结果和结论与牛肉相比，马肉含有更高的蛋白质和铁，更少的脂肪，更低比例的饱和和单不饱和脂肪酸，更少的胆固醇和更多的必需氨基酸。在排放方面，每生产一公斤肉，马产生的甲烷远远少于牛。在土地利用方面，马是效率较低的消化器，这增加了所需的总面积，尽管它们需要的耕地较少。马的流动性也更强，不需要太多的保护来抵御恶劣天气和捕食者，而且可以全年放牧，这使得更多边缘和偏远的牧场可以长期使用。此外，目前用于饲料生产的农田可以转化为高质量的干草，进一步减少土地需求。意义马肉不仅是一个可行的选择，而且在全球需要减少肉类生产对环境的影响的情况下，也许是一个更可取的选择。

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引用次数: 0

Impacts of sustainable cattle farming on the 2030 agenda: A global review 可持续养牛对2030年议程的影响：全球审查

IF 6.1 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Agricultural Systems

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.agsy.2026.104649

Stefan Burkart , Manuel Francisco Díaz Baca , Leonardo Moreno Lerma , Natalia Triana Ángel

Context

The cattle sector plays a pivotal role in achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly those related to poverty alleviation, food security, and economic growth. However, it also contributes to deforestation, water pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions, which threaten environmental sustainability and social equity.

Objective

This study aims to identify and analyze the synergies and trade-offs between cattle production and the SDGs, using a systems theory lens to assess how sustainable intensification (SI) practices can address these interlinkages and guide policy and practice toward more integrated sustainability outcomes.

Methods

A systematic literature review was conducted, encompassing peer-reviewed articles, grey literature, and global datasets. The analysis mapped interactions between SDGs across different regions and production systems, highlighting key synergy and trade-off multipliers. It also evaluated three sustainable intensification practices (wastewater treatment, biogas production, and silvopastoral systems) based on their SDG contributions, implementation challenges, and regional applicability.

Results

The study finds that SDGs 1 (No Poverty), 2 (Zero Hunger), and 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth) act as synergy and trade-off multipliers, often achieved at the expense of SDGs 3, 6, 12, 13, and 15. Key trade-offs include biodiversity loss, water pollution, and climate change impacts. The proposed SI practices offer viable pathways to mitigate these trade-offs while enhancing income, productivity, and environmental outcomes.

Conclusions

The cattle sector's current development trajectory exhibits suboptimization, prioritizing economic and food outputs while externalizing environmental and social costs. SI, guided by systems thinking, can help realign sectoral practices with the integrated vision of the 2030 Agenda.

Significance

This study contributes a novel SDG interaction framework for the cattle sector and provides practical, evidence-based recommendations for implementing SI practices. It supports policymakers, researchers, and development actors in designing both sectoral and cross-sectoral interventions that balance productivity, equity, and environmental stewardship.

养牛业在实现多项可持续发展目标，特别是与减贫、粮食安全和经济增长有关的目标方面发挥着关键作用。然而，它也助长了森林砍伐、水污染和温室气体排放，威胁到环境的可持续性和社会公平。本研究旨在识别和分析奶牛生产与可持续发展目标之间的协同效应和权衡，利用系统理论视角评估可持续集约化实践如何解决这些相互联系，并指导政策和实践走向更综合的可持续性成果。方法进行系统文献综述，包括同行评议文章、灰色文献和全球数据集。该分析绘制了不同地区和生产系统的可持续发展目标之间的相互作用，突出了关键的协同作用和权衡乘数。它还根据可持续发展目标的贡献、实施挑战和区域适用性，评估了三种可持续集约化做法（废水处理、沼气生产和森林治理系统）。研究发现，可持续发展目标1（无贫困）、2（零饥饿）和8（体面工作和经济增长）起到协同增效和权衡乘数的作用，往往以牺牲可持续发展目标3、6、12、13和15为代价实现。关键的权衡包括生物多样性丧失、水污染和气候变化影响。提议的SI实践提供了可行的途径来减轻这些权衡，同时提高收入、生产力和环境结果。结论养牛业目前的发展轨迹表现为次优化，优先考虑经济和粮食产出，同时将环境和社会成本外部化。在系统思维的指导下，科学倡议有助于调整部门做法，使之符合2030年议程的综合愿景。本研究为养牛业提供了一个新的可持续发展目标互动框架，并为实施SI实践提供了实用的、基于证据的建议。它支持政策制定者、研究人员和发展行动者设计部门和跨部门干预措施，以平衡生产力、公平和环境管理。

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引用次数: 0

Growth and impending decline in groundwater dependent agriculture: exploration of sustainability policies through participatory modeling 依赖地下水的农业的增长和即将到来的衰退：通过参与式模型探索可持续性政策

IF 6.1 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Agricultural Systems

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.agsy.2026.104663

İzel Uygur , Ali Kerem Saysel , İrem Daloğlu Çetinkaya

<div><h3>CONTEXT</h3><div>Groundwater is a vital resource for agriculture in arid and semi-arid regions. Yet, groundwater sustainability is framed as a wicked problem due to the lack of a shared understanding of the problem and thus effective strategies, as well as conflicting goals and interests between different stakeholder groups. Çumra in Konya is one of the most prominent agricultural production hubs in Türkiye, also referred to as the breadbasket of the country. With its semi-arid climate and absence of sufficient surface water resources, Çumra is representative of similar water-stressed Mediterranean landscapes. The continuous decline in the groundwater table, along with a shift in crop patterns over the past two decades, signals overexploitation due to coordination failures and lack of collective action.</div></div><div><h3>OBJECTIVE</h3><div>This study aims to (1) investigate the factors leading to unsustainable groundwater use in irrigation and (2) find leverage points within the system to design policies contributing to a more sustainable future, and thus securing agricultural production, the backbone of the regional economy.</div></div><div><h3>METHODS</h3><div>Living labs are a structured approach to stakeholder participation using real-life settings as experimental spaces to co-design, test, and refine solutions with end users. Modeling and simulation are effective tools for addressing wicked problems. System dynamics models aim to capture the structural foundations that reveal the observed behavior patterns with an endogenous perspective. In this study, a formal system dynamics model is built and analyzed by the involvement of stakeholders in a living lab framework, employing the principles of community-based system dynamics and group model building. The model represents groundwater hydrology and farmers' decision-making, including crop choice, irrigation methods, and water consumption choices, and serves as a platform to evaluate various policy alternatives, such as surface water transfers from neighboring basins, crop rotation schemes, regulatory measures like well restrictions or amnesties, and interventions targeting electricity and crop prices – policies commonly suggested in similar contexts. The model is formally validated in two consecutive steps: first structurally then behaviorally. Additionally, the groundwater sub-model is partially validated against a UZF-MODFLOW model developed for the Konya Basin.</div></div><div><h3>RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS</h3><div>The model is run under business-as-usual conditions (without any policy interventions) and also under three different policy options that were co-designed with stakeholders in the living lab, reflecting stakeholders' preferences and attitudes and assessed against two key criteria: groundwater sustainability (indicated by groundwater table trends) and district profitability (reflecting agricultural value added). The behaviors of the key system variables are simulated over

地下水是干旱和半干旱地区农业的重要资源。然而，由于缺乏对问题的共同理解和有效的策略，以及不同利益相关者之间的目标和利益冲突，地下水的可持续性被视为一个棘手的问题。科尼亚的Çumra是基耶省最重要的农业生产中心之一，也被称为该国的粮仓。由于其半干旱气候和缺乏足够的地表水资源，Çumra是类似的缺水地中海景观的代表。地下水位的持续下降，以及过去二十年来作物模式的变化，表明由于协调失败和缺乏集体行动而过度开发。本研究旨在(1)调查导致灌溉中地下水不可持续使用的因素，(2)在系统内找到杠杆点，以设计有助于更可持续未来的政策，从而确保农业生产，这是区域经济的支柱。方法生活实验室是一种结构化的方法，利用现实环境作为实验空间，与最终用户共同设计、测试和完善解决方案，使利益相关者参与其中。建模和仿真是解决棘手问题的有效工具。系统动力学模型旨在捕捉结构基础，以内源性视角揭示观察到的行为模式。在本研究中，采用基于社区的系统动力学和群体模型构建的原则，通过利益相关者在生活实验室框架中的参与，建立了正式的系统动力学模型并进行了分析。该模型代表了地下水水文和农民的决策，包括作物选择、灌溉方法和用水选择，并作为评估各种政策选择的平台，例如从邻近流域调水、作物轮作计划、井限或大赦等监管措施，以及针对电力和作物价格的干预措施——这些政策通常在类似情况下提出。该模型通过两个连续的步骤得到正式验证：首先是结构上的，然后是行为上的。此外，地下水子模型与为Konya盆地开发的UZF-MODFLOW模型进行了部分验证。结果与结论该模型在一切照常的条件下运行（没有任何政策干预），并在三种不同的政策选择下运行，这些政策选择是与生活实验室的利益相关者共同设计的，反映了利益相关者的偏好和态度，并根据两个关键标准进行评估：地下水可持续性（由地下水位趋势表示）和地区盈利能力（反映农业附加值）。随着时间的推移，模拟关键系统变量的行为，预测未来的趋势，并提供对利益相关者提出的解决方案的潜在有效性的见解。不同利益相关者（即用水者和当局）所青睐的政策在地下水节约、种植模式、灌溉需求、作物产量等方面产生了不同的结果。就地下水可持续性和地区利润而言，最有效的政策选择是在用水用户和当局之间达成妥协，通过稳定地下水水位而不减少利润，与19年的常规方案相比，可节省约20米地下水。从这个意义上说，模拟产出表明，综合政策方法可能既支持地下水的可持续性，又支持农业的经济效益，从而提高这种政策的可行性和公众接受度。结果还证明了该模型对利益相关者知情的政策探索的有用性及其在支持评估长期政策权衡方面的有效性。该研究采用了一种新颖的方法，通过(1)进行彻底的利益相关者分析，以确定生活实验室的组成部分，(2)构建一个正式的（数学）模型进行模拟，这在农业背景下的参与式系统动力学研究中通常是缺失的。(3)在整个建模过程中涉及利益相关者，从问题识别到概念模型创建、模型验证，最后是场景和策略分析。该方法可以复制到类似的案例中，以解决不可持续的地下水使用问题，因为它体现了生活实验室框架中的系统视角，将水文学、农艺和决策科学结合在一起，提供了一个整体的理解。此外，尽管Çumra作为农业中心的历史和当前重要性，但文献中缺乏关注该地区地下水抽取的社会经济驱动因素的研究。

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引用次数: 0

Strengthening banana seed systems among smallholder farmers in Bugiri District, Uganda 加强乌干达布吉里地区小农的香蕉种子系统

IF 6.1 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Agricultural Systems

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.agsy.2026.104654

Lucy Mulugo , Florence Birungi Kyazze , Emmanuel Ngolobe , Aman Bonaventure Omondi

Context

Farmer-managed banana seed systems support biodiversity but risk spreading pests and diseases. As demand for high-quality disease-free seed grows, formal seed systems with strict standards offer a solution. However, guidance on how to effectively integrate these systems and key actors remains limited, hindering sustainable banana production.

Objectives

The study investigates interactions between formal and farmer-managed banana seed systems, addressing: (i) What structures and pathways define the formal and farmer-managed banana seed systems? (ii) What are the roles and responsibilities of stakeholders facilitating interactions within the integrated seed systems?

Methods

A qualitative approach was used to analyze interactions between formal and farmer-managed seed systems through 12 key informant interviews and 12 focus group discussions. Content and thematic analysis were used to identify crucial structures, pathways, and stakeholder roles in facilitating these seed system interactions.

Results and conclusions

The farmer-managed seed system dominated, relying on trusted informal exchange of suckers, while formal seed sources like research institutions and certified nurseries were rarely used. Stakeholder engagement focused on seed sourcing, mother garden establishment, and awareness creation. Harmonizing differing quality perceptions would foster system integration. A proposed strategy outlines stakeholder roles to integrate formal and farmer-managed systems, ensuring local adaptability and genetic diversity preservation.

Significance

Integrating formal and farmer-managed banana seed systems offers a scalable pathway for delivering clean, disease-free planting material of the desired varieties to smallholders. By clarifying stakeholder roles and linking certification with farmer-led multiplication, this approach informs seed policy and development investments that improve seed quality, strengthen biosecurity, and sustain access to locally adapted planting material.

农民管理的香蕉种子系统支持生物多样性，但有传播病虫害的风险。随着对高质量无病种子需求的增长，具有严格标准的正式种子系统提供了一个解决方案。然而，关于如何有效整合这些系统和关键行为体的指导仍然有限，阻碍了香蕉的可持续生产。该研究调查了正规和农民管理的香蕉种子系统之间的相互作用，解决：(i)什么结构和途径定义了正规和农民管理的香蕉种子系统？（ii）促进综合种子系统内互动的利益攸关方的作用和责任是什么？方法通过12个关键信息提供者访谈和12个焦点小组讨论，采用定性方法分析正规和农民经营的种子系统之间的相互作用。内容和主题分析用于确定促进这些种子系统相互作用的关键结构、途径和利益相关者角色。结果与结论农民管理的种子系统占主导地位，依靠可信赖的非正式吸盘交换，而像研究机构和经过认证的苗圃这样的正式种子来源很少使用。利益相关者的参与主要集中在种子采购、母园建立和意识创造上。协调不同的质量观念将促进系统整合。拟议的战略概述了利益相关者在整合正式系统和农民管理系统方面的作用，确保地方适应性和遗传多样性保护。整合正规和农民管理的香蕉种子系统为向小农提供所需品种的清洁、无病种植材料提供了可扩展的途径。通过明确利益相关者的角色，并将认证与农民主导的倍增联系起来，这种方法为种子政策和发展投资提供信息，从而提高种子质量，加强生物安全，并保持对当地适应性种植材料的获取。

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引用次数: 0

Self-cover cropping systems and the plusquam-annual: New tools for cropping system sustainability 自覆盖种植系统和复盖-一年生：种植系统可持续性的新工具

IF 6.1 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Agricultural Systems

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.agsy.2026.104657

Virginia Nichols , Prabin Bajgain , Laura Dixon , Kim Henrik Hebelstrup , Claus Krogh Madsen , Robin Morgan , Valentin Picasso

Annual grains form the basis of human diets and thus agricultural systems, but the seasonal fallow phases inherent in their production pose environmental challenges. While cover cropping and perennial grains offer potential solutions, both currently carry significant practical hurdles to wide-scale implementation. Here we introduce self-cover cropping systems - achieved through post-harvest crop regrowth - to deliver cover crop-like ecosystem services with fewer challenges. As a corollary, we define plusquam-annuals (meaning “more-than annuals”) as a distinct, novel crop growth habit characterized by a single grain harvest followed by regrowth with no expectation of a second grain harvest. We suggest viable plusquam-annual cereals may already exist and offer a conceptual framework that invites empirical exploration with both applied and theoretical significance for supporting sustainable agricultural systems.

一年生谷物构成了人类饮食和农业系统的基础，但其生产固有的季节性休耕阶段构成了环境挑战。虽然覆盖种植和多年生谷物提供了潜在的解决方案，但目前这两者在大规模实施方面都存在重大的实际障碍。在这里，我们介绍了自我覆盖种植系统——通过收获后的作物再生实现——以更少的挑战提供类似覆盖作物的生态系统服务。作为推论，我们将多年生（意思是“多年生”）定义为一种独特的、新颖的作物生长习惯，其特征是单次收获后再生长，不期望第二次收获。我们认为，可行的一年生杂粮可能已经存在，并为支持可持续农业系统提供了一个具有应用和理论意义的经验探索概念框架。

引用次数: 0

How does peanut yield fluctuate under irrigation practices and precipitation anomalies? Modelling insights from the North China plain 在灌溉方式和降水异常下花生产量如何波动？华北平原的建模见解

IF 6.1 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Agricultural Systems

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.agsy.2026.104666

Shah Jahan Leghari , Wenting Han , Ghulam Raza Sargani , Yaseen Laghari , Yichang Wei , Lihua Cui , Abdul Hafeez Laghari , Mukesh Kumar Soothar , Uzair Ahmad , Wajahat Waseem

CONTEXT: Water scarcity and erratic precipitation driven by climate change adversely affected peanut yields, water and nitrogen use efficiencies in the North China Plain.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze the impact of irrigation practices and long-term precipitation deviation on peanut production systems using a modelling approach.

METHODS: Flood-irrigated, drip and rainfed peanut production systems were evaluated in a two-year field experiment and modelling analysis. The irrigation amounts in flood and drip were 160–180 mm and 90–110 mm, respectively. The rainfed system was completely maintained under natural precipitation conditions. The WHCNS (Water-heat‑carbon‑nitrogen-simulator) model was calibrated using measured plant growth, yields, soil and weather data of the first year and validated using a data set of the second year. Model simulation robustness was investigated using Root mean square error, Mean absolute error, Index of agreement, Kling-Gupta coefficient and R². The validated model was applied to assess the impact of long-term 29-year seasonal precipitation deviation on each cultivation system.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that the flood-irrigated peanut production system consumed 70% (70 mm ha⁻¹) more average irrigation water and led to 46% (8 kg ha⁻¹) greater NO₃⁻ leaching, making it inefficient compared to the drip-irrigation method. The drip-irrigated peanut production system had significantly high yields, water and nitrogen use efficiencies at P < 0.05. The water use efficiencies were 2.81 and 2.72 kg m⁻³ in drip and flood systems, respectively. The rainfed peanut declined an average yield by 51% (2891 kg ha⁻¹) compared to drip-irrigation (5905 kg ha⁻¹). Furthermore, the long-term precipitation scenario prediction reflected obvious water and nitrogen losses in flood-irrigated peanut at increasing precipitation rates. The rainfed peanut production had consistently low yields with 17–19% yield loss in dry seasons compared to normal and wet conditions. Thus, it is found to be most vulnerable to drought. Changing the flood and rainfed peanut cultivated area to the drip-irrigation method is recommended.

SIGNIFICANCE: The WHCNS model was successfully applied to explore water and nitrogen dynamics and simulate peanut yields in flood, drip and rainfed conditions. Yield fluctuations were quantified in the normal, wet and dry seasons.

背景：气候变化导致的水资源短缺和降水不稳定对华北平原花生产量、水分和氮利用效率产生不利影响。目的：本研究旨在利用建模方法分析灌溉方式和长期降水偏差对花生生产系统的影响。方法：通过为期两年的田间试验和建模分析，对洪水灌溉、滴灌和旱作花生生产系统进行了评价。灌水量为160 ~ 180 mm，灌水量为90 ~ 110 mm。在自然降水条件下，雨养系统得以完全维持。WHCNS（水-热-碳-氮模拟器）模型使用第一年测量的植物生长、产量、土壤和天气数据进行校准，并使用第二年的数据集进行验证。采用均方根误差、平均绝对误差、一致性指数、克林-古普塔系数和R2来考察模型的仿真稳健性。利用该模型评估了长期29年季节降水偏差对各耕作系统的影响。结果与结论：与滴灌相比，漫灌花生生产系统平均耗水量增加70% (70 mm ha−1)，NO3−淋失量增加46% (8 kg ha−1)，效率低下；滴灌花生生产系统在P <； 0.05水平上具有显著的高产和水氮利用效率。滴灌和注水系统的水利用效率分别为2.81和2.72 kg m−3。与滴灌（5905 kg ha - 1）相比，雨养花生的平均产量下降了51% （2891 kg ha - 1）。长期降水情景预测结果表明，随着降水速率的增加，洪水灌溉花生的水氮损失明显。旱季雨养花生产量持续偏低，与正常和湿润条件下相比，产量损失达17-19%。因此，人们发现它最容易受到干旱的影响。建议将水旱花生种植区改为滴灌方式。意义：成功应用WHCNS模型探索水氮动态，模拟洪水、滴灌和雨养条件下花生产量。在正常、湿季和旱季对产量波动进行了量化。

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引用次数: 0

Agronomic and systemic challenges in organic agriculture exhibit asymmetric economies of scale 有机农业的农艺和系统挑战表现出不对称的规模经济

IF 6.1 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Agricultural Systems

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.agsy.2026.104645

Shriya , Houston Wilson , Mark Lubell

CONTEXT

Despite a policy emphasis on supporting the expansion of certified organic agriculture to address environmental degradation and climate change, the rate of growth of organic acreage in the United States has slowed in the last few years. There is a limited literature on how farm scale and type influence the challenges that growers face.

OBJECTIVE

This paper explores how the scale of different farm operations as well as organic farm type – either fully organic, mixed organic and conventional, or transitioning to organic – influence the extent of agronomic and systemic challenges that growers face.

METHODS

This analysis uses a quantitative survey of 350 organic growers in California, complemented by semi-structured, qualitative interviews with actors across the industry.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS

Findings suggest an asymmetry between larger growers who face greater agronomic challenges such as managing weeds and pests or incorporating agroecological practices, versus smaller growers who face more systemic challenges such as finding adequate markets and regulation. We argue that economies of scale do not operate to the same extent in organic agriculture, which makes scaling up to larger operations (that are often mixed with conventional production) more challenging.

SIGNIFICANCE

Targeted technical advisory and differential resource supports for each of these producer subgroups might help alleviate challenges associated with success in organic farming.

尽管政策强调支持经认证的有机农业的扩张，以应对环境退化和气候变化，但在过去几年中，美国有机种植面积的增长速度有所放缓。关于农场规模和类型如何影响种植者面临的挑战的文献有限。本文探讨了不同农场经营的规模以及有机农场类型——无论是完全有机的，有机和传统混合的，还是向有机过渡的——如何影响种植者面临的农艺和系统挑战的程度。方法：本分析采用对加州350名有机种植者的定量调查，辅以对整个行业参与者的半结构化定性访谈。结果和结论研究结果表明，面临更大农艺挑战（如管理杂草和害虫或采用农业生态实践）的大型种植者与面临更多系统性挑战（如寻找足够的市场和监管）的小型种植者之间存在不对称。我们认为，在有机农业中，规模经济并没有达到同样的程度，这使得扩大规模经营（通常与传统生产相结合）更具挑战性。对每一个生产者分组进行有针对性的技术咨询和差异化资源支持，可能有助于减轻与有机农业成功相关的挑战。

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引用次数: 0

Assessment of energy, environmental, and economic performance in okra cultivation systems in Khuzestan Province, Iran 伊朗胡齐斯坦省秋葵种植系统的能源、环境和经济效益评估

IF 6.1 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Agricultural Systems

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.agsy.2026.104664

Ashkan Jalilian , Mohammad Reza Jahansuz , Hassan Ghasemi Mobtaker , Mostafa Oveisi , Hosain Moghadam , Shiva Ghaznavi , Ali Kaab

Context

The agricultural sector is responsible for approximately 10–12% of global greenhouse gas emissions. Optimizing input use in cropping systems is essential for improving resource efficiency and reducing environmental impacts. Okra is an economically important crop in Khuzestan Province, Iran, where diverse production systems, including monoculture, intercropping (okra–cucumber), and agroforestry (okra–date palm), are practiced. However, a comprehensive assessment integrating energy, economic, and environmental indicators for these systems in this region has not been conducted.

Objective

This study aimed to provide the first integrated comparison of okra cultivation under three systems agroforestry (okra–date palm), monoculture, and intercropping (okra–cucumber) in Khuzestan Province, Iran, evaluating their energy, economic, and environmental performance to identify the most sustainable management approach.

Methods

A field-based analysis was conducted to quantify production costs, gross income, and energy flows (input and output) for each system. Environmental impacts were assessed using life cycle assessment (LCA) using the ReCiPe 2016 method.

Results and conclusions

Production costs per hectare were highest in intercropping (US$3179.04) and lowest in agroforestry (US$2013.22). Gross income was greatest in agroforestry (US$9057.69) and lowest in monoculture (US$5336.54). Input energy peaked in intercropping (81,269 MJ ha⁻¹), whereas output energy was highest in agroforestry (113,715 MJ ha⁻¹). Energy ratios were 0.223 (monoculture), 0.460 (intercropping), and 2.166 (agroforestry). Environmental damage contributions were lowest in agroforestry (23%) and highest in intercropping (40%), with major impacts from chemical fertilizers, diesel, and plastics. Overall, agroforestry showed the most balanced performance across economic, energy, and environmental indicators.

Significance

These findings identify agroforestry as the most sustainable okra production system in Khuzestan Province, Iran, and provide a practical reference for improving resource-efficient and environmentally sound crop management.

农业部门的温室气体排放量约占全球温室气体排放量的10-12%。优化种植系统的投入使用对于提高资源效率和减少环境影响至关重要。秋葵是伊朗胡齐斯坦省一种重要的经济作物，该省实行多种生产制度，包括单作、间作（秋葵-黄瓜）和农林复合（秋葵-枣椰树）。然而，尚未对该地区的这些系统进行综合能源、经济和环境指标的综合评估。目的对伊朗胡齐斯坦省秋葵种植在农林复合（秋葵-枣椰树）、单作和间作（秋葵-黄瓜）三种系统下的能源、经济和环境绩效进行综合比较，以确定最可持续的管理方法。方法基于现场分析，量化每个系统的生产成本、总收入和能量流（投入和产出）。使用ReCiPe 2016方法，使用生命周期评估（LCA）对环境影响进行评估。结果与结论每公顷生产成本以间作最高（3179.04美元），农林业最低（2013.22美元）。农林业的总收入最高（9057.69美元），单一栽培的总收入最低（5336.54美元）。投入能量在间作中达到峰值（81,269 MJ ha - 1），而输出能量在农林业中最高（113,715 MJ ha - 1）。单作、间作和农林业的能比分别为0.223、0.460和2.166。农林业对环境破坏的贡献率最低（23%），间作对环境破坏的贡献率最高（40%），主要影响来自化肥、柴油和塑料。总体而言，农林业在经济、能源和环境指标方面表现出最平衡的表现。这些发现确定了农林复合是伊朗胡齐斯坦省最可持续的秋葵生产系统，并为改进资源节约型和环境无害型作物管理提供了实际参考。

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引用次数: 0

Farming systems in the Peruvian amazon: A fuzzy cognitive mapping study on the impact of interventions 秘鲁亚马逊地区的农业系统：干预措施影响的模糊认知映射研究

IF 6.1 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Agricultural Systems

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.agsy.2026.104682

Elisabeth G. Lagneaux , Katrien Descheemaeker , Erika N. Speelman , Daniel Callo-Concha

CONTEXT

The agricultural frontier in the Peruvian Amazon is advancing rapidly, and smallholder farming is becoming a major driver of deforestation. Consequently, a growing number of institutions are attempting to influence smallholders' decisions through a variety of approaches. However, it remains unclear how these interventions affect the farming system and which interventions are perceived as more desirable or supportive by farmers.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to explore how smallholder farmers' perception of the farming system is influenced by different levels of private and public interventions.

METHODS

We draw on a series of interviews with farmers (n = 57) and institutional representatives (n = 14) in Madre de Dios, Peru. We categorized the intervening institutions and used individual and aggregated Fuzzy-Cognitive Maps to characterize differences in perspectives across four groups of farmers, divided between those who reported receiving no support, material support, knowledge support, or market-based support.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS

We identified 21 institutions whose activities influenced farmers' land use, of which about half were public (governmental) and half private (mostly nongovernmental organizations). Governmental institutions, typically aiming at socio-economic improvement, provided technical and material support. NGOs, typically aiming at environmental protection, provided material, knowledge, and market-based support. NGOs reached fewer farmers than government programs. Interventions influenced various aspects of the farming system, especially crop choice, and were perceived by farmers as having a mostly positive impact. The more support farmers received, the more they seemed to favor perennial over annual crops.

SIGNIFICANCE

Given that external interventions play a prominent role in shaping the farming system, integral interventions – targeting environmental, economic, and social dimensions of support – are required to effectively address land use issues in the Peruvian Amazon.

秘鲁亚马逊地区的农业前沿正在迅速发展，小农农业正在成为森林砍伐的主要驱动力。因此，越来越多的机构正试图通过各种方法影响小农的决定。然而，目前尚不清楚这些干预措施如何影响农业系统，以及农民认为哪些干预措施更可取或更有利。目的本研究旨在探讨不同程度的私人和公共干预如何影响小农对耕作制度的看法。方法我们对秘鲁马德雷德迪奥斯的农民（n = 57）和机构代表（n = 14）进行了一系列访谈。我们对干预机构进行了分类，并使用个人和总体模糊认知地图来表征四组农民的观点差异，这些农民分为报告没有得到支持、物质支持、知识支持或市场支持的农民。结果与结论我们确定了21个影响农民土地利用的机构，其中大约一半是公共机构（政府），一半是私人机构（主要是非政府组织）。通常旨在改善社会经济的政府机构提供了技术和物质支助。以环保为主要目标的非政府组织提供了物资、知识和市场支持。非政府组织接触到的农民比政府项目少。干预措施影响到农业系统的各个方面，特别是作物选择，农民认为这些措施产生的影响大多是积极的。农民得到的支持越多，他们似乎越喜欢多年生作物而不是一年生作物。鉴于外部干预在形成农业系统方面发挥着突出作用，因此需要针对环境、经济和社会层面的支持进行综合干预，以有效解决秘鲁亚马逊地区的土地利用问题。

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引用次数: 0