Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts最新文献_第2页

Experimental evaluation of Scenedesmus javanensis, Halochlorella rubescens, and Chlorolobion braunii for lipid-rich biomass production and phycoremediation of dairy wastewater 对 Scenedesmus javanensis、Halochlorella rubescens 和 Chlorolobion braunii 生产富含脂质的生物质并对奶制品废水进行植物修复的实验评估

IF 4.6 2区生物学 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts

Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2024.103789

Theja Joseph , Joseph George Ray

Phycoremediation uses algae as an ecotechnological tool to recycle eutrophic and polluted wastewater from industries. It is vital for fostering a sustainable circular bioeconomy, as the resulting algal biomass can be utilized as a versatile industrial bioresource. This approach is especially pertinent for the dairy industry, which produces substantial amounts of nutrient-rich dairy wastewater (DWW). The effectiveness of phycoremediation of DWW depends on the knowledge of indigenous algae that can thrive in such conditions and rapidly produce lipid-rich or nutraceutically or otherwise valuable biomass. This study assessed the lab-scale phycoremediation of DWW, emphasizing the biomass production potential and quality of three fast-growing green microalgae: Chlorolobion braunii, Scenedesmus javanensis, and Halochlorella rubescens, which are recognized for their high lipid yield potential in growth media. We assessed nutrient and mineral removal efficiency, biomass yield, productivity, biomass quality, and the biodiesel properties of lipids from these algae after ten days of growth in various dilutions and 100 % DWW. C. braunii demonstrated the highest biomass productivity of 149.32 mg L⁻¹ d⁻¹ in 100 % DWW. All species significantly reduced biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total dissolved solids (TDS) of DWW, achieving complete removal of nutrients, along with 80–100 % removal of heavy metals after growth in DWW. C. braunii had a lipid productivity of 49.79 mg L⁻¹ d⁻¹ in 100 % DWW, and lipids from C. braunii and S. javanensis were suitable for biodiesel production, highlighting their potential for large-scale industrial phycoremediation of DWW while generating biodiesel-grade lipids and other valuable bioproducts.

植物修复利用藻类作为一种生态技术工具，对富营养化和工业污染废水进行回收利用。这对促进可持续的循环生物经济至关重要，因为由此产生的藻类生物质可作为一种多功能工业生物资源加以利用。这种方法尤其适用于乳制品行业，因为该行业会产生大量营养丰富的乳制品废水（DWW）。对 DWW 进行植物修复的有效性取决于对本地藻类的了解，这些藻类能在这种条件下茁壮成长，并迅速产生富含脂质或营养或其他有价值的生物质。本研究对实验室规模的 DWW 植物修复进行了评估，强调了三种快速生长的绿色微藻的生物质生产潜力和质量：Chlorolobion braunii、Scenedesmus javanensis 和 Halochlorella rubescens 这三种快速生长的绿色微藻在生长介质中具有很高的脂质产量潜力。我们评估了这些藻类在不同稀释液和 100% DWW 中生长十天后的养分和矿物质去除效率、生物量产量、生产率、生物量质量以及脂质的生物柴油特性。在 100% DWW 中，C. braunii 的生物量生产率最高，为 149.32 mg L-1 d-1。在 DWW 中生长后，所有物种都能明显降低 DWW 的生化需氧量（BOD）、化学需氧量（COD）和总溶解固体（TDS），实现营养物质的完全去除，重金属的去除率为 80%-100%。C.braunii和S.javanensis的脂质适用于生物柴油的生产，这表明它们具有对DWW进行大规模工业植物修复的潜力，同时还能产生生物柴油级脂质和其他有价值的生物产品。

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引用次数: 0

Alterations in nitrogen metabolism caused by heavy metals in the acid-tolerant microalga Coccomyxa onubensis 重金属对耐酸微藻 Coccomyxa onubensis 氮代谢的影响

IF 4.6 2区生物学 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts

Pub Date : 2024-11-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2024.103784

María del Carmen Romero-Cruz , Antonio Leon-Vaz , José María Vega , Javier Vigara

The microalga Coccomyxa onubensis is an extremophile microorganism with a unique ecosystem (Río Tinto, Huelva, Spain) that contains high amounts of contaminants, including heavy metals, sulphates, and nitrates, in acidic environments (pH 2.5). The current work presents an evaluation of the capacity of Coccomyxa onubensis to assimilate different nitrogen sources under Cu²⁺, Cd²⁺, AsO₃³⁻, AsO₄³⁻ and Hg²⁺ stress, and the metabolic implications of these stressors. The results showed that ammonium consumption was less affected than nitrate consumption when microalgae were cultivated with heavy metals (except cadmium). The activities of enzymes involved in nitrogen metabolism, such as nitrite reductase (NiR; EC:1.7.7.1), glutamine synthetase (GS; EC:6.3.2.1) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH; EC:1.4.1.2) were characterised to determine the Michaelis-Menten constant (K_m) and optimal temperature and pH values, being 45, 40 and 60 °C and pH values of 7.5, 6.0 and 9.0 for NiR, GS, and GDH, respectively. The effects of different heavy metals on these enzymes were assessed at multiple levels, and the results showed that the enzymatic activity of NiR was downregulated, specially under copper stress, maintaining 23 % of control NiR activity at 2 mM Cu²⁺. The enzymatic activity of GS was upregulated at low concentrations under cadmium and mercury stress (115–120 % of control cultures GS activity at 25 μM Cd²⁺ and 50 nM Hg²⁺, respectively) and downregulated at high concentrations of these elements. GDH activity was upregulated in the presence of Cu²⁺, Cd²⁺, and Hg²⁺, with increases up to 192, 155 and 154 % at 1 mM Cu²⁺, 300 μM Cd²⁺, and 250 nM Hg²⁺, respectively. These results provide a better explanation of the effects of heavy metal stress on N metabolism in Coccomyxa onubensis, which may be used as a model eukaryotic organism of the Tinto River acidophilic ecosystem.

微型藻类 Coccomyxa onubensis 是一种嗜极微生物，其独特的生态系统（西班牙韦尔瓦省 Río Tinto）在酸性环境（pH 值为 2.5）中含有大量污染物，包括重金属、硫酸盐和硝酸盐。本研究评估了 Coccomyxa onubensis 在 Cu2+、Cd2+、AsO33-、AsO43- 和 Hg2+ 胁迫下吸收不同氮源的能力，以及这些胁迫因素对代谢的影响。结果表明，在重金属（镉除外）胁迫下培养微藻时，铵的消耗量比硝酸盐的消耗量受到的影响要小。对参与氮代谢的酶的活性进行了表征，如亚硝酸盐还原酶（NiR；EC:1.7.7.1）、谷氨酰胺合成酶（GS；EC:6.3.2.1）和谷氨酸脱氢酶（GDH；EC:1.4.1.2），以确定迈克尔斯-门顿常数（Km）以及最佳温度和 pH 值，NiR、GS 和 GDH 的最佳温度和 pH 值分别为 45、40 和 60 ℃，pH 值分别为 7.5、6.0 和 9.0。对不同重金属对这些酶的影响进行了多层次评估，结果表明，NiR 的酶活性下调，特别是在铜胁迫下，在 2 mM Cu2+ 条件下，NiR 的酶活性仅为对照的 23%。在镉和汞胁迫下，GS 的酶活性在低浓度时上调（在 25 μM Cd2+ 和 50 nM Hg2+ 条件下分别为对照培养物 GS 活性的 115-120 %），而在高浓度时下调。GDH活性在Cu2+、Cd2+和Hg2+存在时上调，在1 mM Cu2+、300 μM Cd2+和250 nM Hg2+条件下分别增加了192%、155%和154%。这些结果更好地解释了重金属胁迫对 Coccomyxa onubensis 氮代谢的影响，可将其作为廷托河嗜酸性生态系统的模式真核生物。

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引用次数: 0

Chemical structure and hydrocarbon generation potentials of cyanobacteria Schizothrix calcicole and its resistant biopolymer 蓝藻 Schizothrix calcicole 及其抗性生物聚合物的化学结构和碳氢化合物生成潜力

IF 4.6 2区生物学 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts

Pub Date : 2024-11-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2024.103786

Xianglan Kong , Wei Cao , Yongli Zhang , Yu Yang , Yong Ran

Microalgae have attracted much attention because of their great potential in the development of sustainable biofuel. In this study, cyanobacteria Schizothrix calcicole was fractionated into different fractions and characterized by elemental analyses, Rock-Eval pyrolysis, and ¹³C NMR. Closed pyrolysis experiments were carried out on the bulk (BL) sample of S. calcicole and its nonhydrolyzable organic matter (NHOM) fraction. The results suggested the NHOM fraction was composed of a saturated and unbranched or weakly branched hydrocarbon chain with a chain length up to 32, which was highly aliphatic resistant biopolymer similar to algaenan in structure, and exhibited higher oil yield (58.1 %) and oil and gas production potentials (OGPs, 63.9 %) than the BL sample did. Moreover, the n-alkanes for the NHOM fraction showed bimodal distribution and were dominated by long chains higher than C₁₅. On the contrary, the BL sample exhibited unimodal distribution of n-alkanes, in which middle- and short-chain n-alkanes with chain length <17 were more abundant. In addition, the results indicated ¹³C NMR is an effective approach to evaluate hydrocarbon generation potentials. Our investigation identifies aliphatic biopolymers in cyanobacteria S. calcicole and improves the understanding of hydrocarbon generation of its different fractions.

微藻在开发可持续生物燃料方面具有巨大潜力，因此备受关注。本研究将蓝藻 Schizothrix calcicole 分成不同的馏分，并通过元素分析、Rock-Eval 高温分解和 13C NMR 对其进行表征。对 S. calcicole 的块状（BL）样品及其非水解有机物（NHOM）部分进行了封闭式热解实验。结果表明，NHOM 部分由饱和、无支链或弱支链的烃链组成，链长可达 32，是高度脂肪族抗性生物聚合物，其结构类似于藻聚糖，与 BL 样品相比，具有更高的产油率（58.1%）和油气生产潜力（OGPs，63.9%）。此外，NHOM 部分的正构烷烃呈双峰分布，以 C15 以上的长链为主。相反，BL 样品中的正构烷烃呈单峰分布，其中链长为 <17 的中链和短链正构烷烃含量较高。此外，研究结果表明 13C NMR 是评估碳氢化合物生成潜力的有效方法。我们的研究发现了蓝藻 S. calcicole 中的脂肪族生物聚合物，并加深了对其不同部分碳氢化合物生成情况的了解。

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引用次数: 0

Sustainable biorefinery of Ulva stenophylloides, a green-tide species from the South Pacific coast: A study on antioxidant, oligosaccharide, and ulvan extraction 南太平洋沿岸绿潮物种石莼的可持续生物炼制：抗氧化剂、寡糖和莼菜提取研究

IF 4.6 2区生物学 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts

Pub Date : 2024-11-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2024.103785

Loretto Contreras-Porcia , María Dolores Torres , Herminia Domínguez , Julie Queffelec , Florentina Piña , Sheyma Inoubli , Rebeca Aldunate , Francisca C. Bronfman , Nancy Pizarro , Fernanda Toro-Mellado , Maximillian Pozo-Sotelo , María Gallardo-Campos , Benjamín Pinilla-Rojas , Jorge Rivas , Jean Pierre Remonsellez

In this study, biomass characterization and sustainable biorefinery were determined using microwave-assisted extraction to recover valuable biocompounds from the green-tide species Ulva stenophylloides. The biomass exhibits concentrations of 21 % for proteins; 24.6 % for sulfate; 2.1 % for lipids; 27 % for carbohydrates; 15 % and 11 % for chlorophylls a and b, respectively; and 4.6 % for carotenoids. The temperature of the microwave treatment influenced both the yield and quality of biocompounds, with higher concentrations of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities observed in the soluble extracts at temperatures between 180 °C and 220 °C, and higher concentrations of oligosaccharides obtained at temperatures from 120 °C to 200 °C. Microwave treatment at 120 °C yielded the highest content of ulvans (21 %), as well as favorable molecular weight and viscoelastic properties. Furthermore, the ulvan extract demonstrated no toxic effect in both in vitro and in vivo toxicological assays. These findings highlight the potential of green tides as a renewable biomass source for various biocompounds, opening up possibilities for future biotechnology research.

本研究采用微波辅助萃取法，从绿潮汐物种石莼中回收有价值的生物化合物，确定了生物质的特征和可持续生物炼制。生物质的蛋白质含量为 21%；硫酸盐含量为 24.6%；脂类含量为 2.1%；碳水化合物含量为 27%；叶绿素 a 和叶绿素 b 的含量分别为 15%和 11%；类胡萝卜素含量为 4.6%。微波处理的温度对生物化合物的产量和质量都有影响，温度在 180 °C 至 220 °C 之间时，可溶性提取物中的酚类化合物浓度和抗氧化活性较高，温度在 120 °C 至 200 °C 之间时，低聚糖的浓度较高。在 120 ℃ 下进行微波处理可获得最高的溃疡素含量（21%），以及良好的分子量和粘弹性。此外，乌尔凡提取物在体外和体内毒理学实验中均未显示出毒性作用。这些发现凸显了绿潮汐作为各种生物化合物的可再生生物质来源的潜力，为未来的生物技术研究提供了可能性。

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引用次数: 0

In vitro evaluation of functional properties of extracts of Fucus vesiculosus obtained with different conventional solvents 用不同传统溶剂提取的岩藻提取物功能特性的体外评估

IF 4.6 2区生物学 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts

Pub Date : 2024-11-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2024.103787

Luciana Rossi , Benedetta Canala , Anna Paola Fifi , Sara Frazzini

Fucus vesiculosus is a rich source of bioactive substances with many biochemical functions that provide it a variety of biological effects. Over the years, significant research efforts have been made to extract bioactive compounds by applying different methodologies for various applications. There are several solvents used for the extraction of natural products since the choice of solvent must be based primarily on the characteristics of the matrices and the properties of the molecular classes to be obtained. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the efficiency of different conventional solvents to maximize the yield of polyphenol and flavonoid content as well as the antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory capacity. The different extracts of F. vesiculosus were analyzed for the Total Polyphenol Content (TPC) and the Total Flavonoid Content (TFC). As well the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory capacities were evaluated. The results concerning the content of bioactive molecules disclosed that the extraction carried out with the methanol (50 %) was the one that gave the highest yield in both polyphenol (2.27 ± 0.17 mg GAE/ 50 mg of sample) and flavonoid content (187.12 ± 12.86 mg CE/50 mg of sample) compared to acetone and ethanol extracts. Regarding the functional properties, the results obtained disclose that the extract of F. vesiculosus had a high antioxidant capacity (90 % inhibition of radical scavenging activity). Additionally, the growth inhibition assay disclosed that F. vesiculosus can reduce significantly (p < 0.05) the growth of E. coli F18⁺, in particular when the alga is extracted with methanol and acetone. As well, a concentration of 1 mg/mL of F. vesiculosus inhibits the protein denaturation by 60 %, highlighting a potential anti-inflammatory activity. In conclusion, this study discloses the richness of bioactive molecules in F. vesiculosus and the resulting functional properties, highlighting also the power of methanol as extraction solvent.

岩藻含有丰富的生物活性物质，具有多种生化功能，可产生多种生物效应。多年来，人们通过应用不同的方法提取生物活性化合物，并将其用于各种用途，取得了巨大的研究成果。用于提取天然产品的溶剂有多种，因为溶剂的选择必须主要基于基质的特征和要获得的分子类别的特性。因此，本研究的目的是调查不同传统溶剂的效率，以最大限度地提高多酚和类黄酮的产量以及抗氧化、抗菌和抗炎能力。研究分析了不同提取物的多酚总含量（TPC）和类黄酮总含量（TFC）。此外，还评估了抗氧化、抗菌和抗炎能力。有关生物活性分子含量的结果显示，与丙酮和乙醇提取物相比，甲醇提取物（50%）的多酚（2.27 ± 0.17 毫克 GAE/50毫克样品）和黄酮类化合物含量（187.12 ± 12.86 毫克 CE/50毫克样品）的产量最高。在功能特性方面，研究结果表明 F. vesiculosus 的提取物具有很高的抗氧化能力（90% 的自由基清除活性抑制率）。此外，生长抑制试验表明，F. vesiculosus 能显著减少大肠杆菌 F18+ 的生长（p < 0.05），特别是用甲醇和丙酮提取藻类时。此外，浓度为 1 毫克/毫升的 F. vesiculosus 可抑制 60% 的蛋白质变性，突出了其潜在的抗炎活性。总之，这项研究揭示了马齿苋中丰富的生物活性分子和由此产生的功能特性，同时也突出了甲醇作为提取溶剂的威力。

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引用次数: 0

Innovative technology for microalgal cell preservation through immobilization in polylactic acid nanofibers 通过固定在聚乳酸纳米纤维中保存微藻细胞的创新技术

IF 4.6 2区生物学 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts

Pub Date : 2024-11-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2024.103781

Ana Claudia Araujo de Almeida , Bruna da Silva Vaz , Jorge Alberto Vieira Costa , Michele Greque de Morais

Microalgae are of great biotechnological importance. Thus, it is essential to apply maintenance methods for the utilization of microalgae at any time. Facilitating microalgae adsorption processes on nanofibers may be a promising approach for microalgae preservation. Thus, the objective of this study was to apply poly (lactic acid) nanofibers in the preservation of microalgae Chlorella fusca LEB 111 cells. The nanofibers were characterized regarding their morphology, thermal properties, structural characteristics and wettability. The microalgae cells were immobilized on the nanofibers and stored for 30 days at room temperature, refrigeration and thermostated chamber. Free microalgae cells were also maintained for the same period under the same conditions of the traditional method of microalgae preservation, continuous replication. The cell viability of the free and immobilized cells on the nanofibers was analyzed by Neutral Red (NR) and Trypan Blue (TB). At the end of the experiment, the immobilized cells showed greater viability (94 and 100 %) compared to the free cells (84 %). The cultivation of immobilized cells showed significant cell growth on the 25th day of cultivation for the evaluated storage conditions (3.6, 3.6 and 2.8 g L⁻¹ for refrigeration, room temperature and thermostatted chamber, respectively). Therefore, poly (lactic acid) nanofibers (PLA) are characterized as an innovative technology for microalgae maintenance.

微藻具有重要的生物技术价值。因此，在任何时候都必须采用维护方法来利用微藻。促进微藻在纳米纤维上的吸附过程可能是一种很有前景的微藻保存方法。因此，本研究的目的是将聚（乳酸）纳米纤维用于保存微藻小球藻 LEB 111 细胞。研究人员对纳米纤维的形态、热性能、结构特征和润湿性进行了表征。微藻细胞被固定在纳米纤维上，并在室温、冷藏和恒温室中保存 30 天。游离微藻细胞也在传统微藻保存方法（连续复制）的相同条件下保存了相同的时间。用中性红（NR）和胰蓝（TB）分析了纳米纤维上游离和固定细胞的活力。实验结束时，固定化细胞的存活率（94% 和 100%）高于游离细胞（84%）。在评估的储存条件下（冷藏、室温和恒温室分别为 3.6、3.6 和 2.8 g L-1），固定化细胞的培养在培养的第 25 天显示出显著的细胞生长。因此，聚乳酸纳米纤维（PLA）被认为是一种创新的微藻养护技术。

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引用次数: 0

The determining regions, specific genes and markers of sex in Pyropia haitanensis (Bangiales, Rhodophyta) 海桐（Bangiales, Rhodophyta）性别的决定区域、特定基因和标记

IF 4.6 2区生物学 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts

Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2024.103780

Long-chen Tang , Hong-chang Ding , Ye-fan Qiu, Xing-hong Yan

Genetic studies have confirmed that the sex of Pyropia haitanensis belongs to the genotypic determination. However, the genes involved in the sex determination have not yet been studied. In this study, two double haploid (DH) populations of the male and female were established using the sex-sectored blades produced by a crossing experiment of P. haitanensis, and the sex-linked regions (SLRs) were identified by BSA-Seq, which were located on chromosome 4. HiFi sequencing was performed on the SLRs of female and male for reassembly and gene annotations, and the results showed that the SLRs of female and male contained 93 and 94 genes with sizes of 0.32 and 0.31 Mb, respectively. In the SLRs of female and male, there was a sex-determining region (SDR) containing 5 and 3 genes, respectively. In addition, gene conversion of the SDRs resulted in non-Mendelian genetic segregation with a segregation ratio of male: female to be 4:0, 3:1, 1:3 or 0:4. Two female-specific genes (PhF00071 and PhF00072) were found in the female SDR. Gene cloning revealed that the full-length CDS of PhF00071 was 816 bp, encoding a protein containing an RWP-RK domain; while the full-length CDS of PhF00072 was 858 bp, encoding a protein that did not contain any known domains. qRT-PCR revealed that the expression levels of the two female-specific genes were significantly increased during the formation of female germ cells (P < 0.05). In addition, primers were designed using the specific sequences of female and male SDRs, and the genomic DNA of female, male and heterozygous strains were amplified by PCR. The results proved that only one specific band could appear in female or male strains, while both female and male-specific bands appeared in heterozygous strains. This study lays a foundation for further elucidating the mechanisms of sex determination and sexual maturity in P. haitanensis.

遗传学研究证实，海蟒蛇的性别由基因型决定。然而，参与性别决定的基因尚未得到研究。本研究利用杂交实验产生的雌雄双单倍体（DH）叶片建立了两个雌雄双单倍体群体，并通过BSA-Seq鉴定了位于4号染色体上的性连锁区域（SLRs）。对雌性和雄性的SLRs进行了HiFi测序，以进行重新组合和基因注释，结果显示雌性和雄性的SLRs分别包含93和94个基因，大小分别为0.32和0.31 Mb。在雌性和雄性的SLR中，性别决定区（SDR）分别包含5个和3个基因。此外，SDR 的基因转换导致了非孟德尔遗传分离，雌雄的分离比分别为 4:0、3:1、1:3 或 0:4。在雌性 SDR 中发现了两个雌性特异基因（PhF00071 和 PhF00072）。基因克隆显示，PhF00071 的全长 CDS 为 816 bp，编码一种含有 RWP-RK 结构域的蛋白质；而 PhF00072 的全长 CDS 为 858 bp，编码一种不含任何已知结构域的蛋白质。qRT-PCR 显示，这两个雌性特异基因的表达水平在雌性生殖细胞形成过程中显著增加（P < 0.05）。此外，利用雌性和雄性 SDRs 的特异序列设计引物，对雌性、雄性和杂合株的基因组 DNA 进行 PCR 扩增。结果表明，雌性或雄性菌株只能出现一条特异性条带，而杂合菌株则同时出现雌性和雄性特异性条带。这项研究为进一步阐明海鲮的性别决定和性成熟机制奠定了基础。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of low-dose X-ray radiation on the lipidome of Chlorella vulgaris 低剂量 X 射线辐射对绿藻脂质体的影响

IF 4.6 2区生物学 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts

Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2024.103783

Mattia Casula , Giacomo Fais , Debora Dessì , Cristina Manis , Alessandra Bernardini , Cyprien Verseux , Viviana Fanti , Pierluigi Caboni , Giacomo Cao , Alessandro Concas

C. vulgaris is a microalga with great potential as a source of lipids and essential fatty acids for human nutrition during extended space missions to Mars. However, the effects of Mars-like radiation on lipid composition are still poorly understood. In this study, we analyzed the effects of X-rays on the growth and lipid biosynthesis of C. vulgaris CCALA 269, exposing the cultures to doses of 450, 900, 1800, 3600, and 10,800 mSv, simulating approximately 354, 709, 1417, 2835, and 8504 days of exposure to Martian radiation, respectively. The results show that, although growth remained stable, doses exceeding 1800 mSv led to an increased production of specific lipid classes, suggesting an adaptive mechanism to counteract radiation stress. This adaptation was accompanied by an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and changes in pigment composition, with an elevation in pheophytin-a and chlorophyll-a, and a decrease in chlorophyll-b. Our results demonstrate the ability of C. vulgaris to adapt to ionizing radiation, highlighting its suitability for sustainable lipid production in extraterrestrial environments, supporting human life on Mars through in situ resource utilization.

C. vulgaris 是一种微藻，具有作为人类在火星长期太空任务中营养所需的脂质和必需脂肪酸来源的巨大潜力。然而，人们对类似火星的辐射对脂质组成的影响仍然知之甚少。在本研究中，我们分析了 X 射线对 C. vulgaris CCALA 269 生长和脂质生物合成的影响，将培养物暴露于 450、900、1800、3600 和 10,800 mSv 的剂量下，分别模拟暴露于火星辐射下约 354、709、1417、2835 和 8504 天。结果表明，虽然生长保持稳定，但超过 1800 毫西弗的剂量会导致特定脂类的生成增加，这表明存在一种对抗辐射压力的适应机制。这种适应伴随着活性氧（ROS）的增加和色素组成的变化，叶绿素-a和叶绿素-a增加，叶绿素-b减少。我们的研究结果表明，C. vulgaris 具有适应电离辐射的能力，突出表明它适合在地外环境中进行可持续的脂质生产，通过原位资源利用支持火星上的人类生活。

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引用次数: 0

Macroalgae and microalga blend in dogs' food: Effects on palatability, digestibility, and fecal metabolites and microbiota 狗粮中的大型藻类和微型藻类混合物：对适口性、消化率、粪便代谢物和微生物群的影响

IF 4.6 2区生物学 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts

Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2024.103775

Cátia S.C. Mota , Ana R.J. Cabrita , Timur Yergaliyev , Amélia Camarinha-Silva , Agostinho Almeida , Helena Abreu , Joana Silva , António J.M. Fonseca , Margarida R.G. Maia

The promotion of dogs' nutrition, health, and well-being are highly valued by pet owners, leading to an increasing interest in pet food with alternative, functional, and more sustainable supplements, such as algae. Few studies have assessed the supplementation of dog food with individual algae species, but no information exists on combined macro- and microalgae. This study evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation of a commercial algal blend, composed of two macroalgae (Ulva rigida and Fucus vesiculosus) and one microalga (Chlorella vulgaris) on palatability, intake, digestibility, metabolizable energy (ME), and fecal characteristics, metabolites, and microbiota of adult healthy Beagle dogs. Palatability was assessed by comparing a complete diet without (control) and with 1.5 % algae blend using twelve dogs. Then, six of these dogs were randomly selected for the digestibility trials. Following an initial trial to determine the control diet digestibility, a replicated Latin square was performed with three experimental periods of 10 days each, and three algal blend supplementation levels (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 %). Dietary algal blend did not affect the first approach and first taste, but dogs preferred the control diet. Algal blend levels had no impact on intake, but organic matter, fiber, and energy digestibility increased with 1.5 % inclusion compared with 0.5 %. At the highest level, algae blend promoted fecal total short chain fatty acids and acetate while at lowest fecal propionate decreased and fecal production increased. Compared with the control diet, algal blend-supplemented diets promoted most nutrients and energy digestibility, diet ME content, and fecal quality, while reducing fecal butyrate. Fecal microbiota diversity and abundance were mostly unaffected by algae blend supplementation, with health-promoting genera Turicibacter and Blautia being the most abundant in all samples. Overall, results suggest algal blend as a promising alternative supplement for dog food, but further research is needed to unveil potential health-promoting effects.

宠物主人非常重视促进狗的营养、健康和幸福，这导致人们对含有替代性、功能性和可持续性更强的补充剂（如藻类）的宠物食品越来越感兴趣。很少有研究对狗粮中的单个藻类补充剂进行评估，但没有关于大型藻类和微型藻类组合的信息。本研究评估了由两种大型藻类（石莼和岩藻）和一种微型藻类（小球藻）组成的商用混合藻类膳食补充剂对成年健康比格犬的适口性、摄入量、消化率、代谢能（ME）、粪便特征、代谢物和微生物群的影响。通过比较不含（对照组）藻类和含1.5%藻类混合物的全套饮食，对12只犬的适口性进行了评估。然后，从这些狗中随机挑选六只进行消化率试验。在确定对照组日粮消化率的初步试验后，进行了重复拉丁方试验，三个试验期各为 10 天，藻类混合物的添加量分别为 0.5%、1.0% 和 1.5%。混合藻类食物不影响狗的首次接近和首次品尝，但狗更喜欢对照组食物。藻类混合物水平对摄入量没有影响，但有机物、纤维和能量消化率在添加 1.5 % 时比添加 0.5 % 时有所提高。在最高添加量下，藻类混合物可促进粪便中短链脂肪酸总量和乙酸含量的增加，而在最低添加量下，粪便中丙酸含量减少，粪便产量增加。与对照日粮相比，添加藻类混合物的日粮提高了大部分营养物质和能量的消化率、日粮 ME 含量和粪便质量，同时降低了粪便丁酸盐含量。粪便微生物群的多样性和丰度大多不受藻类混合饲料添加剂的影响，在所有样本中，促进健康的湍流菌属和布劳菌属的数量最多。总之，研究结果表明，混合藻类是一种很有前景的狗粮替代添加剂，但要揭示其潜在的健康促进作用，还需要进一步的研究。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of seeding twine type and seeding density on hatchery performance and initial at-sea cultivation performance of the kelp Ecklonia radiata 播种麻绳类型和播种密度对辐射海带孵化性能和初始海上养殖性能的影响

IF 4.6 2区生物学 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts

Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2024.103777

Rebecca J. Lawton, Marie Magnusson

Optimisation of cultivation methods is crucial to enable development of an efficient and cost-effective industry for novel seaweed species. Therefore, we investigated the effects of seeding twine type and zoospore seeding density on hatchery performance and initial at-sea cultivation performance of the emerging kelp aquaculture target Ecklonia radiata. Spores were seeded at three densities (2500, 5000 and 10,000 spores mL⁻¹) onto three twine types with differing diameters (Kuralon™: ⌀ 1.2 and 2 mm, nylon: ⌀ 1 and 3 mm, polyester: ⌀ 0.9 and 2 mm) and maintained in the hatchery for 60 or 74 days before outplanting to a marine farm site. At the end of the hatchery period sporophyte length and overall spool quality were highest on polyester and Kuralon™ seeding twines compared to nylon twines and sporophyte density was highest on polyester seeding twine, but two weeks after outplanting there were few differences between twines. Both hatchery performance and initial at-sea cultivation performance were best at seeding densities of 5000 and 10,000 spores mL⁻¹ compared to 2500 spores mL⁻¹ for twines with a 60-day hatchery period, but there were few differences between seeding densities for twines with a 74-day hatchery period. Seeding twine diameter did not have any significant effects on hatchery performance or initial at-sea cultivation performance. We recommend using a seeding density of 2500 spores mL⁻¹ and polyester or kuralon twine with a small diameter (e.g., ~1 mm) for cultivation of E. radiata to maximise efficiency and performance in the hatchery. Future studies should compare at-sea cultivation performance over an entire growing season to assess any effects of twine type on final biomass yield. Contrasts in our results with those of twine selection studies for other seaweeds highlight the importance of conducting species specific optimisation when developing cultivation techniques for new target species.

优化栽培方法对于发展高效且具有成本效益的新型海藻产业至关重要。因此，我们研究了播种麻绳类型和孢子播种密度对新兴海带水产养殖目标 Ecklonia radiata 的孵化性能和初始海上养殖性能的影响。孢子以三种密度（2500、5000 和 10,000 孢子 mL-1）播种到三种不同直径的麻绳（Kuralon™：⌀ 1.2 和 2 毫米，尼龙：⌀ 1 和 3 毫米，聚酯：⌀ 0.9 和 2 毫米）上，并在孵化场维持 60 或 74 天，然后移植到海洋养殖场地。孵化期结束时，涤纶和 Kuralon™ 播种捻线与尼龙捻线相比，孢子体长度和整体线轴质量最高，涤纶播种捻线的孢子体密度最高，但在移栽两周后，捻线之间的差异很小。孵化期为 60 天的麻绳在播种密度为 5000 和 10,000 孢子 mL-1 时的孵化性能和初始海上培育性能最好，而在播种密度为 2500 孢子 mL-1 时的孵化性能和初始海上培育性能最好，但孵化期为 74 天的麻绳在播种密度上几乎没有差异。播种麻绳直径对孵化性能或初始海上培育性能没有任何显著影响。我们建议使用 2500 孢子 mL-1 的播种密度和直径较小（如 ~1 毫米）的聚酯或库拉隆麻绳来培育 E. radiata，以最大限度地提高孵化效率和性能。未来的研究应比较整个生长季节的海上养殖效果，以评估麻绳类型对最终生物量产量的影响。我们的研究结果与针对其他海藻的麻绳选择研究结果之间的对比突出表明，在开发新目标物种的栽培技术时，针对特定物种进行优化非常重要。

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引用次数: 0