Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts最新文献

{"title":"Techno-economic analysis of bioplastic and biofuel production from a high-ash microalgae biofilm cultivated in effluent from a municipal anaerobic digester","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103774","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103774","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rotating Algae Biofilm Reactors (RABRs) are a promising technology for efficient treatment of wastewater and production of algae-based bioproducts. However, RABR-grown algae can contain a high content of ash (30–60 wt%, dry basis), which influences the technical and economic feasibility of bioproduct conversion processes. In this report, experimental studies and economic analysis were conducted to compare different processes for bioproduct conversion of a high-ash microalgae biofilm grown using a RABR treating 0.6 million gallons per day of anaerobic digestion centrate at the Central Valley Water Reclamation Facility in Salt Lake City, UT. Process and economic models were developed and compared for three conversion processes: 1) the production of bioplastics, 2) the production of bioplastics with a lipid-extraction pretreatment, and 3) the production of biocrude via hydrothermal liquefaction. Techno-economic analysis was performed for each conversion process, including three cases for algae productivity: 231, 391, and 577 metric tons per year (dry basis). The calculated value for the minimum plastic selling price (MPSP) of bioplastics produced from algae ranges from $4050 to $3520 per metric ton based on the baseline and final productivity cases of the RABR, respectively. The extraction of lipids in addition to bioplastic production results in an MPSP of $4570 to $4000 per metric ton for the same productivity cases. The relatively small production scale and complex processing for hydrothermal liquefaction results in a minimum fuel selling price of the biocrude of $5.32 per gallon of gasoline equivalent. The conversion process for bioplastic production from whole algae has the highest income:expense ratio and the most cost-competitive pricing of the three modeled processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142577857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The growth and nitrogen utilization strategies in two dominant Symbiodiniaceae species facing nitrogen deficiency and enrichment","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103772","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103772","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Symbiodiniaceae, a diverse group of unicellular dinoflagellates, are well known as endosymbionts of marine invertebrates (e.g., corals, giant clams and foraminiferans). Currently, how in vitro cultured Symbiodiniaceae cope with nitrogen (N) deficiency and enhancement remain largely unexplored. To address this knowledge gap, this study investigated the dynamics of growth, photosynthesis and crystalline guanine formation in response to differential N supplies in two dominant Symbiodiniaceae species: <em>Durusdinium trenchii</em> and <em>Cladocopium goreaui</em>. The results indicated growth rate and photosynthesis were closely related to N sources and concentrations. Under N deficiency, cell growth was inhibited. As N concentration increased, both <em>D. trenchii</em> and <em>C. goreaui</em> exhibited flexible strategies for utilizing different N sources. When provided with nitrate (NO₃⁻), <em>C. goreaui</em> and <em>D. trenchii</em> showed an enhancement in the algal growth and photosynthetic efficiency (<em>Fv/Fm</em>). When ammonium (NH₄⁺) was supplied, a moderate increase of NH₄⁺ can benefit cell growth and photosynthesis, but excessive enrichment adversely affected algal growth. Additionally, Raman microscopy demonstrated that cellular crystalline guanine was formed by <em>C. goreaui</em> when exposed to N supply, but gradually decreased as N was consumed in medium. A similar phenomenon was observed in <em>D. trenchii</em>. We proposed that crystalline guanine may serve as an important N storage and utilization strategy. This study delved into the growth strategies and adaptability of Symbiodiniaceae to varying N nutritional environments, which contributes to understanding the symbiotic relationship between Symbiodiniaceae and corals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142553816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of influent 5-Deoxystrigol concentrations on integral biogas upgrading and nutrient removal by different algal-fungal-bacterial consortium","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103770","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103770","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The low quality of biogas and the difficulties in treating biogas slurry are important bottlenecks that limit the development of the fermentation industry. The effects of 5-deoxystrigol (5DS) on the growth rate, daily productivity, and photosynthetic performance of different algal-fungal-bacterial consortia were investigated, and the auxiliary activities of endophytic bacteria (S395–2), <em>Ganoderma lucidum</em> (<em>G. lucidum)</em>, <em>Bacillus licheniformis</em> (<em>B. licheniformis</em>), and activated sludge in these systems were examined. The consortium <em>Chlorella vulgaris</em> (<em>C. vulgaris</em>) <em>+ G. lucidum + S395–2</em> was found to be the most effective combination for both biogas upgrading and nutrient removal. Removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorous (TP) were approximately 82.94 ± 7.88 %, 81.36 ± 7.79 %, and 83.27 ± 8.09 %, respectively, and the CO₂ removal efficiency was observed to be about 69.89 ± 6.57 % at the optimum 5DS concentration of 10⁻¹¹ M. On day 7 of the treatment, the CH₄ content was elevated from 66.07 ± 4.84 % to 86.24 ± 8.44 %. The effect of 5DS treatments in different algal-fungal-bacterial consortia was positive in terms of growth performance and photosynthetic rate. The present study provides a framework for efficient biogas upgrading and nutrient removal by the three-phase symbionts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142532509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth and biochemical composition of green seaweed Chaetomorpha linum (O.F. Müller) Kützing (1845) cultured in a range of ionic profiles","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103769","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103769","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seaweed aquaculture in Inland Saline Water (ISW) can utilise degraded land to produce valuable products. ISW is characterized by its different ionic profile to ocean water (OW), particularly the ratios of sodium (Na⁺) to potassium (K⁺) ions, and magnesium (Mg²⁺) to calcium (Ca²⁺) ions. The feasibility of seaweed cultivation in varying ionic profiles is not yet well understood. This study investigates the growth of <em>Chaetomorpha linum</em> by length (SL) and biomass (TB), cultured in several ionic profiles by mixture of ISW with OW over two 15 day experiments. The first experiment (EXP 1) investigated growth across a broad range of ionic profiles. <em>C. linum</em> was then cultivated across a more specific range of profiles in the second experiment (EXP 2), based on EXP 1 results. Tanks (50 L) were randomly organised outdoors and salinity was maintained at approximately 25 ppt. SL and TB of seaweed was recorded every 3 days. The proximate and mineral composition of harvested seaweed on Day 15 was also analysed. A significant negative correlation (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001, <em>r</em> = −0.835, n = 13) was observed between non-discrete TB specific growth rate (SGR) and increasing K⁺ of media in EXP 1. A significant positive correlation (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001, <em>r</em> = 0.769, n = 28, EXP 1) was observed between potassium (K) in dry matter (mg.g⁻¹) and K⁺ in media, suggesting lower K⁺ in media causes increased TB due to higher water flow rate into cells. Calcium (Ca) content (% d.b.) was much higher in K⁺ deficient media, indicating Ca accumulation occurs in cells during ion homeostasis when K is not available. Positive SL SGR's across ionic profiles also indicate this species is capable of a high level of internal ion regulation. This study provides context for commercial cultivation of <em>C. linum</em> in varying water types, and presents an avenue for salinity-affected dryland farmers to diversify their income through ISW aquaculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142592960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative analysis on impact of drying methods on antioxidants, antidiabetes and antiobesity activities in green algae Caulerpa lentillifera: In vitro study","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103768","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103768","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Marine algae, particularly <em>Caulerpa lentillifera</em> (<em>C. lentillifera</em>), have gained attention as potent sources of bioactive compounds with diverse health benefits. Despite its promising bioactivity, the influence of drying methods on its health-promoting properties remains underexplored. This study investigates the impact of different drying methods on the antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antiobesity activities of <em>C. lentillifera</em>. Fresh samples (GACL-FS) and those dried using air-fryer (GACL-AFD) and microwave (GACL-MD) methods were evaluated for carrageenan content, protein composition, and bioactive potentials. GACL-MD preserved the highest levels of protein, while fresh samples retained the highest carrageenan content. Antioxidant assays revealed superior performance in GACL-MD samples, showing significant DPPH and ABTS inhibition compared to Trolox standards. Similarly, antidiabetic assays demonstrated comparable α-glucosidase inhibition across all drying methods, suggesting robust retention of antidiabetic properties. Antiobesity activity, evaluated through lipase inhibition assays, highlighted GACL-MD's efficacy at lower concentrations, akin to Orlistat, while fresh and air-fryer dried samples showed varied results. In conclusion, <em>C. lentillifera</em> exhibits substantial potential as a functional food ingredient, with the drying method significantly influencing its bioactive profile. Microwave drying emerged as optimal for preserving antioxidant and antiobesity activities, emphasizing the need for tailored drying strategies to enhance nutritional benefits. Future research should focus on optimizing processing techniques and elucidating underlying mechanisms to fully harness <em>C. lentillifera</em>'s health-promoting properties in functional food development and public health interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142553815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The transformation of typical heavy metals during the process for magnetic harvesting and subsequent liquefaction in ethanol of microalgae","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103766","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103766","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study reports the transformation of three typical heavy metals (As(III), Hg(II), and Pb(II)) during the process for magnetic harvesting and subsequent liquefaction in ethanol of microalgae. The magnetic harvesting process of <em>Chlorella Vulgaris</em> (CV) was simulated using a co-precipitation method, achieving the highest magnetic harvesting ratio of 98.95 % at a pH of 8 and an iron-algae ratio of 0.4 g/g. Then the magnetically harvested CV was subjected to liquefaction in ethanol to explore the speciation and migration of As(III), Hg(II), and Pb(II). The environmental risk assessment of above three heavy metals in the bio-oil and biochar was assessed according to the Risk Assessment Code (RAC). Hg(II) and Pb(II) were found to be effectively stabilized and immobilized in the biochar, while As(III) exhibited a propensity to migrate into the bio-oil and existed mostly in the dangerous speciation such as fraction associated with Fe and Mn oxides and fraction bound to organic matter. It reflects a high environmental risk and necessitates a pre-removal treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142532391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and identification of thermophilic cyanobacterium inhabiting Shiv Kund (Sohna hot spring), India through polyphasic approach: Bioprospecting in varying nitrogen environment for biotechnological interest particularly for biofuel potential","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103757","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103757","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Identifying a potential candidate having optimal growth characteristics and high-value biotechnological attributes, especially biofuel profile in the era of high rising renewable energy demands is necessary for a sustainable algal-biorefinery perspective. Thermophilic cyanobacteria are scarcely investigated for their industrial potential. In this regard, a preliminary study was performed to isolate a thermophilic cyanobacterium from Shiv Kund, Sohna hot spring, Gurugram, India. The polyphasic approach with molecular identification through 16SrRNA and phylogenetic analysis identified the isolated thermophilic cyanobacterium as <em>Fischerella thermalis</em> PCC 7521 based on the 99.15 % similarity in the NCBI-BLASTn results. Further, the phenotypic visualization under light microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) confirms the true-branching filamentous nitrogen fixing cyanobacterium. To examine its potential for a biotechnological perspective, the effect of different nitrogen concentrations in the growth medium on the biochemical profiling was studied. The highest biomass production and biomass productivity per day obtained was 1041.6 mg/L and 42.33 ± 1.52 mg/L/d^⁎⁎(<em>p</em> &lt; 0.01) in 0.1875 g/L (N/8) and 1.5 g/L (N) sodium nitrate concentration respectively. The effect of the growth phase on the biochemical profiling was also prominent and studying optimization helps in the cost-effective production of the required product. Surprisingly, nitrogen starvation has resulted in the increased production of pigments (chlorophyll, phycocyanin and carotenoids), proteins and lipids. The maximum carbohydrate production observed was under complete nitrogen availability (N) in the growth medium with 37.4 % more production in N than complete nitrogen starvation (N₀) on 15th day of the growth cycle. Interestingly, the total lipid production observed was 457.41 ± 18.3 μg/mg ^⁎(<em>p</em> ≤ 0.05) in N₀ condition and 519.28 ± 21.3 μg/mg ^⁎⁎(<em>p</em> &lt; 0.01) in N/8 condition on 15th and 20th day of the growth cycle respectively. The effect of nitrogen concentrations on the C/N ratio and different functional groups were also examined. Overall, the results indicated <em>F. thermalis</em> PCC 7521 is a promising candidate for different biotechnological fields, especially biofuel production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142532389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of different food-grade protein extraction methods on the proteomic profile and potential allergenicity of Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis)","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103765","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103765","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Various optimized methods for cell disintegration and protein extraction of algae have been reported, but there is a lack of information regarding the proteomic characterization of the extracted proteins; thus, systematic verification of the protein profiles to find potentially exploitable proteins, while minimizing allergenicity risks, is profitable. The method described in this study was developed to thoroughly investigate the proteome characterization of <em>A. platensis</em> following aqueous protein extraction by high-shear homogenization and pH shift. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was applied to assess the proteome obtained from four protein extraction methods using data-dependent proteome analysis. Overall, 699 proteins were identified; however, each extraction method identified unique proteins. The maximum number of exclusive proteins was observed using a combination of high-shear homogenization and acidic pH. The evaluation of protein abundance revealed a clear distinction between proteins isolated from pH 2 treatment compared to those obtained via neutral or basic pH treatment. The applied extraction methods affected the in silico computed physicochemical properties of the proteins. Using the AllerCatPro database, 12 putative allergenic proteins were detected, the most predominant of which were related to the C-phycocyanin beta subunit (P72508). This study demonstrated that extraction methods affect the detection, physicochemical properties, and potential allergenicity of the obtained proteins. Hence, the extraction methods used to obtain novel proteins must consider these aspects before using them as functional foods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142532326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancement of ketocarotenoid production via heterologous expression of orange protein from Ipomoea batatas in indigenous microalga Ettlia sp.","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103767","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103767","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Astaxanthin, one of the most powerful natural antioxidants, is used in high-value industries such as those of cosmetics, nutraceuticals, and food products derived from microalgae. In this study, <em>Ettlia</em> sp. mutants were generated by expressing two types of heterologous orange proteins, IbOr and IbOr-R96H, in which the 96^th arginine of IbOr was substituted with histidine derived from <em>Ipomoea batatas</em> to enhance astaxanthin production. The <em>Ett-IbOr-R96H</em> mutant showed a 2.4-fold increase in β-carotene content compared to the wildtype (4.59 mg g⁻¹DCW), reaching 10.82 mg g⁻¹ under high-light conditions via two-phase cultivation. Under the stress treatment combination of high-light intensity and nitrogen deprivation, total carotenoid content increased to 17.24 mg L⁻¹ and 21.94 mg L⁻¹ in <em>Ett-IbOr</em> and <em>Ett-IbOr-R96H</em>, respectively. The astaxanthin and canthaxanthin contents in <em>Ett-IbOr-R96H</em> was 4.89 mg L⁻¹ and 0.47 mg L⁻¹, respectively, which were 1.8- and 1.5-fold higher, respectively, than those in <em>Ett-IbOr</em>. Additionally, photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm) recovered in <em>Ett-IbOr-R96H</em> under dual-stress conditions compared to the wildtype while reactive oxygen species levels decreased throughout the cultivation period. Our findings suggest that the heterologous <em>IbOr</em> expression in <em>Ettlia</em> sp. may be an effective approach for enhancing the production of ketocarotenoids and improving stress resistance for industrial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142592961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulatory role of microcystin in the response of microcystin-producing cyanobacteria to elevated CO2: Insights from metabolic profiling","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103760","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103760","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The regulatory role of microcystin in the response of microcystin-producing cyanobacteria to elevated CO₂ remains poorly understood. To address this gap, this study compared the responses of wild-type toxic <em>Microcystis</em> PCC 7806 and its <em>mcy</em>B-knockout mutant to elevated CO₂ using metabolomic profiling under nitrogen (N)-rich and N-poor conditions. Under N-poor conditions, elevated CO₂ promoted carbohydrate synthesis and tricarboxylic acid cycle in both strains, without affecting their growth. Under N-rich conditions, both strains exhibited increased biomass with rising CO₂ levels, attributed to enhanced carbohydrate synthesis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, glutamate-glutamine cycle, purine synthesis, and arginine synthesis. However, compared to the mutant, the proliferation of wild-type toxic <em>Microcystis</em> was less stimulated by elevated CO_2. The difference was associated with its reduced activity in the pentose phosphate pathway, likely linked to microcystin synthesis. Besides, the difference was related to higher utilization of glutamate, arginine, and aspartate due to increased microcystin production, indicating the regulatory role of microcystin in the response of microcystin-producing <em>cyanobacteria</em> to elevated CO₂. Importantly, elevated CO₂ could enhance microcystin synthesis by promoting the production of carbon backbones (malonyl CoA), amino acids (including arginine, glutamate and aspartate) and methyl donors (S-adenosylmethionine) of the wild-type toxic <em>Microcystis</em> PCC 7806. Notably, sufficient nitrogen sources were required for increased amino acid and methyl donors synthesis at high CO₂ concentration. The discovery revealed underlying mechanisms behind the potential for elevated CO₂ levels to increase toxicity risk associated with <em>Microcystis</em> blooms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142553889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}