Pub Date : 2025-02-05DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2025.103949
Manh Cuong Do , Tae Hyeon Yoon , Jeong Yong Moon , Gyung Min Go , Somi Kim Cho
Melosira nummuloides, a diatom species recognized for its diverse pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-obesity effects, has been minimally explored for its anticancer potential. This study investigated the anticancer effects of Melosira nummuloides extracts prepared using various methods: hot water (HW), ethanol (EtOH), methanol (MeOH), chloroform: methanol (2:1, v/v; CM), and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. Among these, the CM extract demonstrated the highest cytotoxicity. Treatment with the CM extract led to concentration-dependent sub-G1 phase accumulation, suppression of JAK2/STAT3 and MAPK (ERK, JNK, and p38) signaling pathways, and caspase-dependent apoptosis in HepG2 and Huh7 cells. GC–MS and GC-FID analyses identified fatty acid compounds as predominant components in the CM extract, with heptadecanoic acid and pentadecanoic acid showing significantly lower IC50 values and higher concentrations. These fatty acids appear to play key roles in the anticancer activity by promoting apoptosis. This study underscores the potential of Melosira nummuloides extracts, particularly the CM extract, as promising therapeutic agents for HCC, supporting the development of diatom-derived products for cancer treatment.
{"title":"Anticancer effects of the Melosira nummuloides extract on hepatocellular carcinoma cells through JAK2/STAT3 and MAPK pathway inhibition","authors":"Manh Cuong Do , Tae Hyeon Yoon , Jeong Yong Moon , Gyung Min Go , Somi Kim Cho","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.103949","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.103949","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Melosira nummuloides</em>, a diatom species recognized for its diverse pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-obesity effects, has been minimally explored for its anticancer potential. This study investigated the anticancer effects of <em>Melosira nummuloides</em> extracts prepared using various methods: hot water (HW), ethanol (EtOH), methanol (MeOH), chloroform: methanol (2:1, <em>v</em>/v; CM), and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. Among these, the CM extract demonstrated the highest cytotoxicity. Treatment with the CM extract led to concentration-dependent sub-G1 phase accumulation, suppression of JAK2/STAT3 and MAPK (ERK, JNK, and p38) signaling pathways, and caspase-dependent apoptosis in HepG2 and Huh7 cells. GC–MS and GC-FID analyses identified fatty acid compounds as predominant components in the CM extract, with heptadecanoic acid and pentadecanoic acid showing significantly lower IC<sub>50</sub> values and higher concentrations. These fatty acids appear to play key roles in the anticancer activity by promoting apoptosis. This study underscores the potential of <em>Melosira nummuloides</em> extracts, particularly the CM extract, as promising therapeutic agents for HCC, supporting the development of diatom-derived products for cancer treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 103949"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143351293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-04DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2025.103945
Juying Lin, Jiaming Jiang, Lei Mo, Yu Huo, Yan Pang, Bingfeng Zhou, Changhua Shang
Phycocyanin is the main natural pigment in Spirulina. Here we used an eco-friendly method based on natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) and ultrasound-assisted extraction to extract phycocyanin. Nine different hydrophilic NADES species were explored for the recovery of phycocyanin from Spirulina dry biomass. NADES [glycerol/glucose (molar ratio = 3:1), Gly/Glu2] was selected for optimization of extraction conditions (sonication time, sonication power, liquid-to-solid ratio, water content) by response surface methodology. Under optimal extraction conditions, extraction yield of 67.86 mg/g was obtained with obvious improvement compared with the initial extraction yield of 48.36 mg/g. Further comparison of antioxidant activities was performed between NADES extract and water extract. NADES extract also showed strong antioxidant activities. The stability of phycocyanin was significantly improved by NADES compared with water extract. In conclusion, our study used sonic dismembrator with very short time of 5 min, dried Spirulina biomass prepared by spray drying as raw material with better adaptability for industrial production, and more appropriate NADES species Gly/Glu2 for extraction. After optimization, phycocyanin yield increased by 40.32 %. In addition, NADES extract (phycocyanin) had relatively strong antioxidant activities and strong stability at 30 d, which was very conductive to storage of phycocyanin. Therefore, our study had some advantages compared with previous studies. This study provided a promising method for phycocyanin extraction with high efficiency using an economical and eco-friendly extraction solvent, which was very important for the application in cosmetic industry.
{"title":"Efficient extraction of Spirulina phycocyanin using natural deep eutectic solvents and its characteristics","authors":"Juying Lin, Jiaming Jiang, Lei Mo, Yu Huo, Yan Pang, Bingfeng Zhou, Changhua Shang","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.103945","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.103945","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phycocyanin is the main natural pigment in <em>Spirulina</em>. Here we used an eco-friendly method based on natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) and ultrasound-assisted extraction to extract phycocyanin. Nine different hydrophilic NADES species were explored for the recovery of phycocyanin from <em>Spirulina</em> dry biomass. NADES [glycerol/glucose (molar ratio = 3:1), Gly/Glu<sub>2</sub>] was selected for optimization of extraction conditions (sonication time, sonication power, liquid-to-solid ratio, water content) by response surface methodology. Under optimal extraction conditions, extraction yield of 67.86 mg/g was obtained with obvious improvement compared with the initial extraction yield of 48.36 mg/g. Further comparison of antioxidant activities was performed between NADES extract and water extract. NADES extract also showed strong antioxidant activities. The stability of phycocyanin was significantly improved by NADES compared with water extract. In conclusion, our study used sonic dismembrator with very short time of 5 min, dried <em>Spirulina</em> biomass prepared by spray drying as raw material with better adaptability for industrial production, and more appropriate NADES species Gly/Glu<sub>2</sub> for extraction. After optimization, phycocyanin yield increased by 40.32 %. In addition, NADES extract (phycocyanin) had relatively strong antioxidant activities and strong stability at 30 d, which was very conductive to storage of phycocyanin. Therefore, our study had some advantages compared with previous studies. This study provided a promising method for phycocyanin extraction with high efficiency using an economical and eco-friendly extraction solvent, which was very important for the application in cosmetic industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 103945"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143317139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-04DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2025.103947
Iacy Maria Pereira de Castro , Thiago de Alencar Neves , André Pereira Rosa , Fernando França da Cunha , Fabiana Passos
This study aimed at assessing the anaerobic co-digestion of food waste and microalgal biomass. Microalgae were harvested from an open treatment pond used for digestate treatment. For that, two continuous laboratory-scale reactors were operated over 200 days at ambient temperature. Results obtained showed that the reactor fed with a 75:25 mixture of food waste and microalgae (based on volatile solids) improved process stability, overcoming volatile fatty acid accumulation and pH drop, compared to mono-digestion of food waste. Consequently, co-digestion increased methane yield in 20–32 % (0.22 L CH4/g VS). Moreover, the agronomic assessment revealed that digestates exhibited potential for use as a biofertilizer, i.e. adequate organic matter and nutrient contents heavy metals concentrations below limits established by different regulations (i.e., Zn, Ni, Cr, and Cu). These findings indicate that the anaerobic co-digestion of food waste and microalgae may offer potential for biomass valorisation in a circular approach, generating bioenergy and biofertilizer.
{"title":"Long-term assessment of anaerobic co-digestion of food waste and microalgae: Process stabilization, methane yield and agronomic properties of digestate","authors":"Iacy Maria Pereira de Castro , Thiago de Alencar Neves , André Pereira Rosa , Fernando França da Cunha , Fabiana Passos","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.103947","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.103947","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed at assessing the anaerobic co-digestion of food waste and microalgal biomass. Microalgae were harvested from an open treatment pond used for digestate treatment. For that, two continuous laboratory-scale reactors were operated over 200 days at ambient temperature. Results obtained showed that the reactor fed with a 75:25 mixture of food waste and microalgae (based on volatile solids) improved process stability, overcoming volatile fatty acid accumulation and pH drop, compared to mono-digestion of food waste. Consequently, co-digestion increased methane yield in 20–32 % (0.22 L CH<sub>4</sub>/g VS). Moreover, the agronomic assessment revealed that digestates exhibited potential for use as a biofertilizer, i.e. adequate organic matter and nutrient contents heavy metals concentrations below limits established by different regulations (i.e., Zn, Ni, Cr, and Cu). These findings indicate that the anaerobic co-digestion of food waste and microalgae may offer potential for biomass valorisation in a circular approach, generating bioenergy and biofertilizer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 103947"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143351294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Present study was carried out to optimize certain fermentation parameters when L. helveticus B-4526 and K. marxianus Y-329 were used in monoculture and co-culture in a medium supplemented with dried Spirulina platensis biomass (Spirulina medium). Maximum cell number increase for L. helveticus, K. marxianus in Spirulina medium was calculated as 2.40 and 3.80 log CFU mL−1, respectively. It was observed that proteins were rapidly hydrolyzed by L. helveticus. Consequently, the concentrations of some specific amino acids changed according to product type. The fermented Spirulina (FS) by K. marxianus resulted in higher trimethyl pyrazine content (2636.66 μg kg−1) than its unFS counterpart (2088.08 μg kg−1). All FS products resulted in increased inhibitory activity on acetylcholinesterase enzyme. FS product by co-culture of both organisms demonstrated a distinct suppressive effect on LPS-induced inflammatory NO secretion in RAW264.7 macrophage cell line. Besides, FS products did not show cytotoxicity in endothelial and macrophage cell lines, therefore presenting more biocompatible nature as compared to their unFS counterparts.
{"title":"Optimizations related to the use of Lactobacillus helveticus, Kluyveromyces marxianus in monoculture, and co-culture for production of Spirulina-based fermented products","authors":"Naciye Ozturk , Cansu Yay , Zeynep Özlem Cinar , Hazal Nazlıcan Atalay , Onur Guneser , Muge Isleten Hosoglu , Tugba Boyunegmez Tumer","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.103948","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.103948","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Present study was carried out to optimize certain fermentation parameters when <em>L. helveticus</em> B-4526 and <em>K. marxianus</em> Y-329 were used in monoculture and co-culture in a medium supplemented with dried <em>Spirulina platensis</em> biomass (Spirulina medium). Maximum cell number increase for <em>L. helveticus</em>, <em>K. marxianus</em> in Spirulina medium was calculated as 2.40 and 3.80 log CFU mL<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. It was observed that proteins were rapidly hydrolyzed by <em>L. helveticus</em>. Consequently, the concentrations of some specific amino acids changed according to product type. The fermented Spirulina (FS) by <em>K. marxi</em>anus resulted in higher trimethyl pyrazine content (2636.66 μg kg<sup>−1</sup>) than its unFS counterpart (2088.08 μg kg<sup>−1</sup>). All FS products resulted in increased inhibitory activity on acetylcholinesterase enzyme. FS product by co-culture of both organisms demonstrated a distinct suppressive effect on LPS-induced inflammatory NO secretion in RAW264.7 macrophage cell line. Besides, FS products did not show cytotoxicity in endothelial and macrophage cell lines, therefore presenting more biocompatible nature as compared to their unFS counterparts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 103948"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143378257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-03DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2025.103943
Xiping Du , Xiaochen Chen , Liang Chen , Yuanfan Yang , Hui Ni , Qingbiao Li , Zhipeng Li , Zedong Jiang
Porphyra haitanensis, is cultivated plants in seawater, and contains health-promoting phenolic compounds that inhibit tyrosinase activity and reduce melanin levels. In this study, the extraction process of P. haitanensis polyphenols (PPE) by cyclic subzero temperature was optimized and the tyrosinase inhibition mechanism and anti-melanotic effect were investigated. The optimal extraction conditions for polyphenols were liquid-solid 50:1, freezing time 6.12 h, and thawing temperature 47.73 °C, getting an extraction yield of 4.903 mg GAE/g and tyrosinase inhibition rate of 53.20 %. 15 phenolic compounds such as catechin, naringenin and coumarin were identified. Catechin accounting for 92.46 %, as the major phenolic compound, played a major role in anti-tyrosinase activity. Further studies revealed catechin might alter the tyrosinase conformation and prevent substrate binding, thus inhibiting the catalytic activity of tyrosinase. Moreover, PPE showed significant inhibitory effects on melanin content and cellular tyrosinase activity. This study provided a reliable basis for the development of anti-tyrosinase drugs and melanin inhibitors from P. haitanensis.
{"title":"Tyrosinase inhibition mechanism of polyphenols from Porphyra haitanensis extracted by cyclic subzero temperature","authors":"Xiping Du , Xiaochen Chen , Liang Chen , Yuanfan Yang , Hui Ni , Qingbiao Li , Zhipeng Li , Zedong Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.103943","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.103943","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Porphyra haitanensis</em>, is cultivated plants in seawater, and contains health-promoting phenolic compounds that inhibit tyrosinase activity and reduce melanin levels. In this study, the extraction process of <em>P</em>. <em>haitanensis</em> polyphenols (PPE) by cyclic subzero temperature was optimized and the tyrosinase inhibition mechanism and anti-melanotic effect were investigated. The optimal extraction conditions for polyphenols were liquid-solid 50:1, freezing time 6.12 h, and thawing temperature 47.73 °C, getting an extraction yield of 4.903 mg GAE/g and tyrosinase inhibition rate of 53.20 %. 15 phenolic compounds such as catechin, naringenin and coumarin were identified. Catechin accounting for 92.46 %, as the major phenolic compound, played a major role in anti-tyrosinase activity. Further studies revealed catechin might alter the tyrosinase conformation and prevent substrate binding, thus inhibiting the catalytic activity of tyrosinase. Moreover, PPE showed significant inhibitory effects on melanin content and cellular tyrosinase activity. This study provided a reliable basis for the development of anti-tyrosinase drugs and melanin inhibitors from <em>P</em>. <em>haitanensis</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 103943"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143317140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-03DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2025.103942
Carolyn L. Fisher , Pamela D. Lane , Kenneth Sale , Todd W. Lane
Outdoor algal cultivation systems are susceptible to a wide variety of deleterious species. In previously published studies, we observed protection using microbial consortia at laboratory scale cultures; Microchloropsis salina in the presence of microbial consortia were protected from grazing from the marine rotifer, Brachionus plicatilis. Our objective for the present work was to determine if this protection conferred by microbial consortia in controlled laboratory experiments would persist in an open, outdoor multi-liter cultivation system. We found that algal protection did persist as evidenced by the presence of fewer motile rotifers and decreased rotifer-associated egg counts for the consortia-treated outdoor cultures. Due to the low temperature and light conditions that reduced growth of the algae outdoors, we performed an indoor laboratory assay which also confirmed the persistence of algal protection. Lastly, the lower numbers of motile rotifers and fewer rotifer-associated eggs in the consortia-treated algal cultures suggests a possible protective mechanism by the consortia through interfering with the rotifer lifecycle or reproduction. These initial results support the possibility that low cost, prophylactic treatments with microbial consortia can protect algae from deleterious species in outdoor cultivation systems.
{"title":"Persistence of bacterial-mediated anti-rotifer protection in preliminary outdoor cultivation trial for Microchloropsis salina","authors":"Carolyn L. Fisher , Pamela D. Lane , Kenneth Sale , Todd W. Lane","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.103942","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.103942","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Outdoor algal cultivation systems are susceptible to a wide variety of deleterious species. In previously published studies, we observed protection using microbial consortia at laboratory scale cultures; <em>Microchloropsis salina</em> in the presence of microbial consortia were protected from grazing from the marine rotifer, <em>Brachionus plicatilis</em>. Our objective for the present work was to determine if this protection conferred by microbial consortia in controlled laboratory experiments would persist in an open, outdoor multi-liter cultivation system. We found that algal protection did persist as evidenced by the presence of fewer motile rotifers and decreased rotifer-associated egg counts for the consortia-treated outdoor cultures. Due to the low temperature and light conditions that reduced growth of the algae outdoors, we performed an indoor laboratory assay which also confirmed the persistence of algal protection. Lastly, the lower numbers of motile rotifers and fewer rotifer-associated eggs in the consortia-treated algal cultures suggests a possible protective mechanism by the consortia through interfering with the rotifer lifecycle or reproduction. These initial results support the possibility that low cost, prophylactic treatments with microbial consortia can protect algae from deleterious species in outdoor cultivation systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 103942"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143317138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2025.103937
Harizah B. Hariz , Valerio Montemezzani , Yeri Shim , Denise Rendle , Curtis Picken , Jason B.K. Park , Rupert J. Craggs
Filamentous algae nutrient scrubbers (FANS) can recover nutrients from wastewater, producing harvestable algae biomass that repurposes nutrients and removes them from water. This study evaluates the performance of three FANS modes (standard FANS, shallow suspended FANS, and deep suspended FANS) by comparing biomass productivity, nutrient removal rates, algae photosynthetic efficiency, nutrient composition in algae biomass, and diurnal nitrate concentration reduction. FANS modes differed by algae attachment medium, water depth, algae contact time or hydraulic retention time, and horizontal water velocity. Shallow suspended FANS emerged as the most effective configuration, with highest nitrate reduction efficiency and nutrient recovery rates for nitrogen and phosphorus in algae biomass. Shallow suspended FANS exhibited at least 30 % higher biomass productivity in summer (2.8 ± 1.2 g VS m−2·d−1) and 40 % higher productivity in winter (1.4 ± 0.4 g VS m−2·d−1) compared to other modes. Nutrient assimilation rates for shallow suspended FANS were at least 10 % higher in summer (0.165 ± 0.072 g N m−2·d−1, 0.022 ± 0.010 g P m−2·d−1 and 39 % higher in winter (0.085 ± 0.028 g N m−2·d−1, 0.013 ± 0.004 g P m−2·d−1). These results demonstrate that optimized FANS can enhance algae photosynthetic efficiency, growth, nutrient assimilation, and nutrient recovery year-round.
{"title":"Nutrient removal performance of novel Filamentous Algae Nutrient Scrubber (FANS) configurations","authors":"Harizah B. Hariz , Valerio Montemezzani , Yeri Shim , Denise Rendle , Curtis Picken , Jason B.K. Park , Rupert J. Craggs","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.103937","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.103937","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Filamentous algae nutrient scrubbers (FANS) can recover nutrients from wastewater, producing harvestable algae biomass that repurposes nutrients and removes them from water. This study evaluates the performance of three FANS modes (standard FANS, shallow suspended FANS, and deep suspended FANS) by comparing biomass productivity, nutrient removal rates, algae photosynthetic efficiency, nutrient composition in algae biomass, and diurnal nitrate concentration reduction. FANS modes differed by algae attachment medium, water depth, algae contact time or hydraulic retention time, and horizontal water velocity. Shallow suspended FANS emerged as the most effective configuration, with highest nitrate reduction efficiency and nutrient recovery rates for nitrogen and phosphorus in algae biomass. Shallow suspended FANS exhibited at least 30 % higher biomass productivity in summer (2.8 ± 1.2 g VS m<sup>−2</sup>·d<sup>−1</sup>) and 40 % higher productivity in winter (1.4 ± 0.4 g VS m<sup>−2</sup>·d<sup>−1</sup>) compared to other modes. Nutrient assimilation rates for shallow suspended FANS were at least 10 % higher in summer (0.165 ± 0.072 g N m<sup>−2</sup>·d<sup>−1</sup>, 0.022 ± 0.010 g P m<sup>−2</sup>·d<sup>−1</sup> and 39 % higher in winter (0.085 ± 0.028 g N m<sup>−2</sup>·d<sup>−1</sup>, 0.013 ± 0.004 g P m<sup>−2</sup>·d<sup>−1</sup>). These results demonstrate that optimized FANS can enhance algae photosynthetic efficiency, growth, nutrient assimilation, and nutrient recovery year-round.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 103937"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143387357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Riboflavin (vitamin B2), a cofactor for essential metabolic reactions and a facilitator of the electron transport chain, holds promise to enhance algal growth. In this study, the Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) strain was engineered to overproduce riboflavin, and its impact on algal growth were tested in a bacterial-algal co-cultivation system. To this end, the E. coli zwf (encodes glucose-6-phosphate-1-dehydrogenase) and fbp (encodes fructose-1,6-biphosphate) genes were co-expressed in BL21(DE3)/pETDuet-T7-zwf-T7-fbp, resulting in an increased riboflavin level to 9.0.2 mg L−1 in 100 % bacterial exudate. Subsequently, this recombinant strain was co-cultivated with Chlorella sorokiniana at a bacteria: algae ratio of 5:1 (dry wt/wt) in BG11 medium supplemented with E. coli exudate (an equal-volume mixture of BG11 and exudate). The algal specific growth rate (0.90.02 d−1), cell size (5.10.7 m), pigment productivity (6.40.1 mg L−1 d−1), extracellular polysaccharide productivity (22.1.5 mg L−1 d−1), and lipid productivity (26.1.5 mg L−1 d−1) all showed at least a two-fold increase compared to the wild-type control. However, due to the limited bacterial growth, riboflavin's effect was most significant during the first two days, followed by cell adaptation phase (D2-D4), slower cell division phase (D4-D10), and metabolite accumulation phase (D6-D10). Our findings have highlighted a feasible strategy for enhanced microalgal growth beyond the conventional co-cultivation method.
{"title":"Impacts of riboflavin-overproducing engineered Escherichia coli towards Chlorella sorokiniana growth in co-cultivation approach","authors":"C.Y. Tong , Hiroya Tomita , Kentaro Miyazaki , C.J.C. Derek , Kohsuke Honda","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.103938","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.103938","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Riboflavin (vitamin B2), a cofactor for essential metabolic reactions and a facilitator of the electron transport chain, holds promise to enhance algal growth. In this study, the <em>Escherichia coli</em> BL21(DE3) strain was engineered to overproduce riboflavin, and its impact on algal growth were tested in a bacterial-algal co-cultivation system. To this end, the <em>E. coli zwf</em> (encodes glucose-6-phosphate-1-dehydrogenase) and <em>fbp</em> (encodes fructose-1,6-biphosphate) genes were co-expressed in BL21(DE3)/pETDuet-T7-<em>zwf</em>-T7-<em>fbp</em>, resulting in an increased riboflavin level to 9.<span><math><mn>3</mn><mo>±</mo></math></span>0.2 mg L<sup>−1</sup> in 100 % bacterial exudate. Subsequently, this recombinant strain was co-cultivated with <em>Chlorella sorokiniana</em> at a bacteria: algae ratio of 5:1 (dry wt/wt) in BG11 medium supplemented with <em>E. coli</em> exudate (an equal-volume mixture of BG11 and exudate). The algal specific growth rate (0.9<span><math><mo>±</mo></math></span>0.02 d<sup>−1</sup>), cell size (5.1<span><math><mo>±</mo></math></span>0.7 <span><math><mi>μ</mi></math></span>m), pigment productivity (6.4<span><math><mo>±</mo></math></span>0.1 mg L<sup>−1</sup> d<sup>−1</sup>), extracellular polysaccharide productivity (22.<span><math><mn>4</mn><mo>±</mo></math></span>1.5 mg L<sup>−1</sup> d<sup>−1</sup>), and lipid productivity (26.<span><math><mn>3</mn><mo>±</mo></math></span>1.5 mg L<sup>−1</sup> d<sup>−1</sup>) all showed at least a two-fold increase compared to the wild-type control. However, due to the limited bacterial growth, riboflavin's effect was most significant during the first two days, followed by cell adaptation phase (D2-D4), slower cell division phase (D4-D10), and metabolite accumulation phase (D6-D10). Our findings have highlighted a feasible strategy for enhanced microalgal growth beyond the conventional co-cultivation method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 103938"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143349357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-30DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2025.103936
T. Menegol , Y. Soriano-Jerez , L. López-Rosales , F. García-Camacho , A. Contreras-Gómez , E. Molina-Grima , R. Rech , M.C. Cerón-García
Modifying incident irradiance and colour can increase microalgal composition and productivity. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of LED light on Heterochlorella luteoviridis, recently renamed as Jaagichlorella luteoviridis, simulating circadian solar radiation. The influence of white, red, and blue light on the growth rate and biomass composition was studied. Prior to this, the optimal N/P ratio and initial nitrate concentration were investigated. Carotenoid extraction was also optimized for this microalga. To achieve complete carotenoid extraction, J. luteoviridis required a temperature of 60 °C and 20 % KOH. Furthermore, an N/P = 5 increased the carotenoid content by 10 % while an initial nitrate concentration of 10.59 mM exceeded the carotenoid productivity of the control by 48 %. An increase in white irradiance led to a higher biomass growth rate and protein content but lower carotenoid and lipid contents. In contrast, an increase in red light resulted in a higher growth rate, while blue light increased the high-value products content.
{"title":"Effect of phosphorus and nitrogen levels and light emissions diodes illumination on growth and carotenoid synthesis in Jaagichlorella luteoviridis. Optimization of carotenoid extraction","authors":"T. Menegol , Y. Soriano-Jerez , L. López-Rosales , F. García-Camacho , A. Contreras-Gómez , E. Molina-Grima , R. Rech , M.C. Cerón-García","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.103936","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.103936","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Modifying incident irradiance and colour can increase microalgal composition and productivity. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of LED light on <em>Heterochlorella luteoviridis</em>, recently renamed as <em>Jaagichlorella luteoviridis</em>, simulating circadian solar radiation. The influence of white, red, and blue light on the growth rate and biomass composition was studied. Prior to this, the optimal N/P ratio and initial nitrate concentration were investigated. Carotenoid extraction was also optimized for this microalga. To achieve complete carotenoid extraction, <em>J. luteoviridis</em> required a temperature of 60 °C and 20 % KOH. Furthermore, an N/<em>P</em> = 5 increased the carotenoid content by 10 % while an initial nitrate concentration of 10.59 mM exceeded the carotenoid productivity of the control by 48 %. An increase in white irradiance led to a higher biomass growth rate and protein content but lower carotenoid and lipid contents. In contrast, an increase in red light resulted in a higher growth rate, while blue light increased the high-value products content.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 103936"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143144501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-29DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2025.103940
Mehdi Alboofetileh , Samira Jeddi , Tamil Mani Subi , Hannah R. Vasanthi
In this study, ulvan polysaccharide was extracted from the green seaweed Ulva rigida using hot water extraction and characterized through various analytical techniques, including Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS), Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Simultaneous Thermogravimetric Analysis and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (TGA/DSC). The biological and techno-functional properties of the extracted ulvan were also evaluated. The extraction yield of ulvan from U. rigida was 19.8 ± 1.05 %. The results demonstrated that the extracted ulvan exhibited antioxidant, prebiotic, and techno-functional properties. Furthermore, it effectively inhibited the growth of Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli. In the second phase of the study, the effects of different concentrations of the extracted ulvan (0.25 %, 0.5 %, and 1 %) on the cooking yield, moisture content, chemical properties (peroxide value (PV), thiobarbituric acid (TBA), and total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N)), microbial properties (total viable count), textural properties, color, and sensory attributes of chicken sausages were investigated over 21 days of refrigerated storage. Sausages containing ulvan showed significantly lower chemical and microbial deterioration compared to the control samples during the storage period. Moreover, ulvan-treated sausages retained higher moisture content but exhibited reduced textural properties and sensory scores. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that up to 0.5 % ulvan polysaccharide can be effectively incorporated into chicken sausages as a nutraceutical and preservative ingredient to enhance product functionality.
{"title":"Sulfated polysaccharides from Ulva rigida as antioxidant and antibacterial enhancers in chicken sausages","authors":"Mehdi Alboofetileh , Samira Jeddi , Tamil Mani Subi , Hannah R. Vasanthi","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.103940","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.103940","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, ulvan polysaccharide was extracted from the green seaweed <em>Ulva rigida</em> using hot water extraction and characterized through various analytical techniques, including Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS), Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Simultaneous Thermogravimetric Analysis and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (TGA/DSC). The biological and techno-functional properties of the extracted ulvan were also evaluated. The extraction yield of ulvan from <em>U. rigida</em> was 19.8 ± 1.05 %. The results demonstrated that the extracted ulvan exhibited antioxidant, prebiotic, and techno-functional properties. Furthermore, it effectively inhibited the growth of <em>Listeria monocytogenes</em> and <em>Escherichia coli</em>. In the second phase of the study, the effects of different concentrations of the extracted ulvan (0.25 %, 0.5 %, and 1 %) on the cooking yield, moisture content, chemical properties (peroxide value (PV), thiobarbituric acid (TBA), and total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N)), microbial properties (total viable count), textural properties, color, and sensory attributes of chicken sausages were investigated over 21 days of refrigerated storage. Sausages containing ulvan showed significantly lower chemical and microbial deterioration compared to the control samples during the storage period. Moreover, ulvan-treated sausages retained higher moisture content but exhibited reduced textural properties and sensory scores. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that up to 0.5 % ulvan polysaccharide can be effectively incorporated into chicken sausages as a nutraceutical and preservative ingredient to enhance product functionality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 103940"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143144509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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