Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts最新文献

{"title":"Egg-free mayonnaise-type emulsions stabilized with whole Spirulina biomass: Rheological, structural, and sensory characterization","authors":"Jikang Sui ,&nbsp;Yuxuan Cui ,&nbsp;Xiangning Lu ,&nbsp;Wenhai She ,&nbsp;Kangning Wang ,&nbsp;Mingkai Bai ,&nbsp;Jianwei Yu ,&nbsp;Adewale Olusegun Obadina ,&nbsp;Guangxin Feng ,&nbsp;Haohao Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104495","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104495","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the potential of using whole Spirulina biomass as a sustainable and multifunctional structuring agent for plant-based emulsion gels, specifically targeting the replacement of egg yolk in mayonnaise-like spreads. Various concentrations of Spirulina (ranging from 5.00 % to 11.67 %) and sodium alginate (from 0.15 % to 1.20 %) were tested to formulate both full-fat and low-fat emulsion gels. The results revealed that the full-fat Spirulina emulsion (8.33 % Spirulina) exhibited similar texture, spreadability, and sensory properties to traditional egg yolk mayonnaise, with a sensory score of 82.22 ± 3.22. In the low-fat formulations, fat reduction was achieved by increasing the aqueous phase while incorporating 0.60 %–0.90 % sodium alginate to rebuild continuous-phase viscosity, thereby maintaining a self-supporting, spreadable structure and comparable sensory attributes (score of 80). Rheological measurements showed that the low-fat Spirulina emulsion with 0.60 % sodium alginate had a thixotropic recovery rate of 95.15 %, closely matching that of egg yolk mayonnaise (115.77 %). These findings highlight that whole Spirulina biomass can be effectively used to replace egg yolk in emulsion-based spreads, offering a nutritionally rich, sustainable alternative with both desirable functional and sensory qualities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 104495"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145836703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of domestic wastewater micropollutants on microbial diversity in microalgae-based treatment systems","authors":"Caroline Moço Erba Pompei ,&nbsp;Thaís Garcia da Silva Garcia ,&nbsp;Inessa Lacativa Bagatini ,&nbsp;Hugo Renan Bolzani ,&nbsp;Gustavo Henrique Ribeiro da Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104496","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104496","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microalgae photobioreactors are excellent low-cost alternatives for natural wastewater treatment with the potential for reuse. Despite the general knowledge on chemical contamination of water by micropollutants, little is known about the adverse effects of these compounds on the health of aquatic biota and on the operation of microalgae-based systems. This study revealed the influence of 12 selected micropollutants in a wastewater (real) treatment by a flat-panel photobioreactor (outdoors) on both the removal of nutrients and the generation of biomass, as well as on the composition of the main communities of the system (microalgae, cyanobacteria and bacteria). The presence of micropollutants severely inhibited microalgal metabolism, causing the total nitrogen and total phosphorus removal efficiency to decrease from 71 % (control) to 32 % and 36 %, respectively. Biomass productivity also decreased from 11.5 mg TSS L⁻¹ d⁻¹ to 9.6 mg TSS L⁻¹ d⁻¹. However, N-NH₄ removal remained high at 88 %, suggesting the functional resilience of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria. Additionally, a predictive metabolic pathway for bacteria was investigated, indicating prevailing ammonia oxidation and dehalogenation. <em>Tetradesmus obliquus</em> was the dominant microalga (&gt;95 %) in the photobioreactors. Although no significant difference was observed in the composition of microalgae during the experiments with and without micropollutants, the presence of the 12 selected micropollutants may have inhibited microalgal metabolism during treatment. In relation to bacteria, Patescibacteria seems to be an indicator of the presence of micropollutants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 104496"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145836702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the role of Sargassum spp. polysaccharides in the development of innovative drug delivery systems","authors":"Kit-Leong Cheong ,&nbsp;Wenjie Chen ,&nbsp;Min Wang ,&nbsp;Saiyi Zhong ,&nbsp;Malairaj Sathuvan","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104492","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104492","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing demand for sustainable and effective drug delivery systems has spurred significant interest in marine-derived polysaccharides, particularly those extracted from <em>Sargassum</em> species. This review explores the unique chemical structures and properties of <em>Sargassum</em> spp. polysaccharides, including fucoidan, alginate, and laminaran, and evaluates their potential for enhancing drug delivery. This review discusses various design and synthesis strategies for polysaccharide-based drug delivery systems such as nanoparticles, nanospheres, hydrogels, micelles, vesicles, and films. These drug delivery systems offer improved stability, controlled release, and targeted delivery, making them ideal for therapeutic applications. The key mechanisms underlying effective drug delivery, including encapsulation efficiency, biodegradability, release control, and pH sensitivity, are also explored. These mechanisms elucidate how <em>Sargassum</em> polysaccharides facilitate sustained and efficient delivery of therapeutic agents. In addition, this review covers multiple routes of administration (oral, mucosal, intravenous, intraperitoneal, and transdermal), highlighting the specific challenges and advantages of each method when using <em>Sargassum</em> polysaccharides in clinical settings. In conclusion, <em>Sargassum</em> spp. polysaccharides present promising platforms for the development of advanced drug delivery systems. Their unique properties, including biodegradability, low toxicity, and ability to be tailored for controlled and targeted drug release, make them attractive options for drug delivery therapies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 104492"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145836700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microalgae-derived biodiesel: Review on microalgae species, genetic modification, cultivation strategies, and mutagenesis","authors":"Jing Tian ,&nbsp;Jianqun Lin ,&nbsp;Guoqiang Zhuang ,&nbsp;Peiyao Sun ,&nbsp;Pengxue Geng ,&nbsp;Linxu Chen ,&nbsp;Xianke Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104490","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104490","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing global demand for unconventional energy sources, particularly biofuels, is driven by fossil fuel depletion, climate change, energy security concerns, and policy incentives. Microalgae, as a third-generation biofuel feedstock, are an ideal candidate for biodiesel production due to their high CO₂ fixation capacity, high productivity, environmental sustainability, and favorable biodiesel properties. This review systematically evaluates diverse microalgal species, their lipid profiles, and fatty acid compositions to identify optimal strains for biodiesel synthesis. From a cultivation perspective, we examined the effects of key environmental parameters (such as temperature, irradiance, and CO₂ concentrations) on microalgal growth and lipid biosynthesis, with particular emphasis on the mechanisms regulating lipid productivity and fatty acid composition. Furthermore, building upon current knowledge of algal lipid metabolism, we discuss advanced genetic engineering strategies for targeted metabolic pathway modification to develop high-lipid mutants or transgenic strains. While genetic manipulation enables precise metabolic control, its widespread application is limited by technical complexity, high costs, and insufficient genomic information, especially for extremophilic species. Therefore, this review analyzes current achievements and challenges in microalgal genetic engineering while highlighting the advantages and future potential of random mutagenesis for developing novel algal strains for biodiesel production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 104490"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145836699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential of pyrolysis products of Enzyme-Treated vs. Intact Nannochloropsis gaditana: physicochemical characterization and antifungal activity","authors":"Wessal Ouedrhiri ,&nbsp;Abderrahman Mellalou ,&nbsp;Zouhair Ait Taleb ,&nbsp;Abderrahim Aasfar ,&nbsp;Bader Flissate ,&nbsp;Mariam Tounsi ,&nbsp;Abdelkader Outzourhit ,&nbsp;Hicham El-Arroussi ,&nbsp;Fouad Ghamouss","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104482","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104482","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the pyrolysis products derived from two types of <em>Nannochloropsis gaditana</em> biomass: untreated intact biomass (IntBA) and enzymatically pretreated biomass (EnzBA), with the latter regarded as a byproduct of the enzymatic extraction process. The analysis aims to evaluate how enzymatic pretreatment influences the yield and composition of the pyrolysis-derived products, providing insights into the valorization potential of enzymatic extraction residues. Comprehensive characterization of biochar and bio-oil derived from pyrolysis at 600 °C was conducted, highlighting the influence of the feedstock composition on product yields and quality. Bio-oil and biochar yields for IntBA were 51.7 % and 26.9 %, respectively, whereas EnzBA produced a higher biochar yield (55.3 %) but lower bio-oil yield (24.6 %). Physicochemical analyses, including FTIR, GC–MS, and TGA, revealed significant differences in the structural and chemical properties of the products. Notably, the biochar produced from IntBA exhibited superior thermal stability and a higher carbon content (65 %) compared to the biochar derived from EnzBA (49 %). The IntBA biochar also showed a BET surface area of 249 m²/g and a total pore volume of 0.39 cm³/g, whereas the EnzBA biochar displayed no pore development, with no measurable BET surface area and no observable porosity in the SEM images. Moreover, the IntBA biochar presented a high degree of structural disorder, evidenced by an ID/IG ratio of 0.94. In contrast, the bio-oils contained a variety of oxygenated and nitrogenous compounds suitable for biofuel applications. The IntBA and EnzBA bio-oils exhibited flash points of 130 °C and 135 °C and water contents of 21.3 % and 33.7 %, respectively. Additionally, antifungal assays revealed promising bioactivity, with pyrolyzed oils inhibiting fungal growth against <em>Botrytis cinerea</em>, <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em>, and <em>Fusarium solani</em>, showcasing potential in agricultural applications. This research underscores the dual benefits of enzymatic pretreatment and pyrolysis in valorizing microalgae biomass byproducts, offering sustainable avenues for bioenergy and bioproducts development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 104482"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145786529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and functional prediction of the C3H transcription factor family in Phaeodactylum tricornutum: Regulation of laminarin synthesis via circadian rhythm antagonistic interaction between PtC3H-1 and PtC3H-5","authors":"Kanglie Guo ,&nbsp;Zhitao Ye ,&nbsp;Xiaomin Wu ,&nbsp;Ruixin Li ,&nbsp;Zhen Wang ,&nbsp;Shuqi Wang ,&nbsp;Douglas R. Tocher ,&nbsp;Xiaojuan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104485","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104485","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The CCCH-structured transcription factors (C3H) play critical roles in growth, development, and stress responses in higher plants, yet research on the <em>C3H</em> gene family in microalgae remains unreported. In this study, 10 <em>PtC3H</em> members were identified from the marine diatom <em>P. tricornutum</em> through HMM search. Bioinformatic analyses predicted that members of this family play a pivotal role in RNA binding-mediated post-transcriptional regulation. Three distinct expression patterns were identified for <em>PtC3Hs</em> under a 12-hour light/dark cycle. Notably, the expression profile of <em>PtC3H-1</em> and <em>PtC3H-5</em> suggests that they may regulate the biosynthesis of laminarin through circadian rhythm. Further analysis employing three-dimensional structural modeling and molecular docking predicted that <em>PtC3H-1</em> may function through a dual mechanism: beyond RNA binding, it potentially activates the expression of downstream genes by interacting with <em>cis</em>-acting elements, thereby promoting laminarin synthesis. Concomitantly, the study found that <em>PtC3H-5</em> regulate laminarin metabolism through its interaction with <em>PtC3H-1</em>. Based on the above, this study not only accomplished systematic identification and functional prediction of all PtC3Hs in <em>P. tricornutum</em>, enriching the theoretical basis of this family in diatom, but also predicted that <em>PtC3H-1</em> and <em>PtC3H-5</em> synergistically mediate circadian rhythm to dynamically regulate laminarin metabolic homeostasis, along with their core molecular mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 104485"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145836602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photoregulation of life cycle, photosynthesis, growth and lutein production in Haematococcus lacustris (Volvocales, Chlorophyta)","authors":"Gabriela Vilvert Vansuita ,&nbsp;Bruna Rodrigues Moreira ,&nbsp;Willian da Silva Oliveira ,&nbsp;Cândice Maria Boff ,&nbsp;Julia Vega ,&nbsp;Nathalie Korbee ,&nbsp;Félix L. Figueroa ,&nbsp;Leonardo Rubi Rörig ,&nbsp;José Bonomi-Barufi","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104484","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104484","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Radiation is one of the most relevant parameters driving autotrophic organisms, such as <em>Haematococcus lacustris</em>, which possesses various life cycle stages in its life cycle and accumulates different carotenoids (mainly lutein and astaxanthin). In this study, twelve monochromatic LEDs and five irradiances were applied to evaluate morphophysiology and biochemical compounds focusing on the accumulation of lutein by early stages of <em>H. lacustris</em> life cycle. Photosynthesis, growth and life cycle stages, pigment quantification and antioxidant capacity were evaluated. Results showed the influence of radiation wavelength and irradiances on changes/alterations in life cycle stages, and different life cycle stages were prominent in some specific radiation wavelengths. Reddish flagellate cells and intermediate cysts were formed when the species received higher amounts of irradiance. Action spectra were obtained through electron transport rate (ETR), showing that ETR effectiveness decreased over time when the species was exposed to red light. Regarding pigment composition, chlorophylls <em>a</em> and <em>b</em> and the carotenoid lutein were detected, their contents being influenced both by radiation wavelength and irradiance. Negative correlations between biomass and all three pigments, as well as between biomass and the antioxidant capacity, were found. Meanwhile, lutein presented a strong positive correlation with the antioxidant capacity. This study features innovation and fundamental understanding on radiation regulating responses, allowing a future industrial upscaling and application of specific irradiance and wavelengths to generate relevant responses in the development of bioproducts, mainly the carotenoid lutein, as a further alternative to conventionally exploited resources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 104484"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145836705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-omics dissect the molecular mechanisms driving high-lipid production in a laboratory-evolved Chlamydomonas mutant","authors":"David R. Nelson ,&nbsp;Amphun Chaiboonchoe ,&nbsp;Weiqi Fu ,&nbsp;Basel Khraiwesh ,&nbsp;Bushra Dohai ,&nbsp;Ashish Jaiswal ,&nbsp;Dina Al-Khairy ,&nbsp;Alexandra Mystikou ,&nbsp;Latifa Al Nahyan ,&nbsp;Amnah Salem Alzahmi ,&nbsp;Layanne Nayfeh ,&nbsp;Sarah Daakour ,&nbsp;Matthew J. O'Connor ,&nbsp;Mehar Sultana ,&nbsp;Khaled M. Hazzouri ,&nbsp;Jean-Claude Twizere ,&nbsp;Kourosh Salehi-Ashtiani","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104479","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104479","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Enhancing lipid accumulation in microalgae is critical for commercial viability but often compromises growth. We previously generated through UV mutagenesis and iterative selection a <em>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</em> mutant (H5) that retains parental growth while producing 3.2-fold more lipids (Sharma et al., 2015; Abdrabu et al., n.d.). Here, we present multi-omic analyses elucidating the molecular basis of this phenotype. Whole-genome sequencing revealed over 3000 mutations including a frameshift in the regulatory domain of 6-phosphofructokinase (PFK1). Six independent CLiP mutants in affected genes also showed elevated lipids, including a PFK1 mutant, validating functional relevance. Transcriptomics revealed upregulation of glycolytic genes and nutrient acquisition pathways under nutrient-replete conditions. Metabolomics identified an 8.31-fold malonate increase (<em>p</em> = 8.5 × 10⁻⁴), linking glycolysis to lipid synthesis. Lipidomics showed increased TAG diversity and lack of betaine lipids. Epigenomics revealed genome-wide hypermethylation, potentially stabilizing the phenotype. Together, these data suggest PFK1 deregulation drives metabolic reprogramming enabling lipid accumulation without growth penalty, demonstrating how evolutionary selection generates sophisticated metabolic solutions for engineering industrial microalgal strains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 104479"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145836601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HPLC quantification of guanine, hypoxanthine, xanthine, and uric acid in microalgae: The effects of different nitrogen sources on the purine profile of Cryptomonas maculata","authors":"Maximilian Bott,&nbsp;Anne Jantschke","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104483","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104483","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microalgae are a substantial group of primary contributors to all aquatic reservoirs on earth. A recently observed strategy in their nitrogen metabolism is the ability to form purine-based crystalline inclusions that are often solid solutions. In microalgae, they are proposed to function as concentrated reservoirs of stable, nitrogen-containing, rapid-turnover metabolites or stress responses. Yet, many aspects in nitrogen-metabolization and compositional dynamics remain unclear.</div><div>To address this issue, an HPLC method for the quantification of all relevant purines (guanine, hypoxanthine, xanthine and uric acid) was designed and applied to 14 taxonomically different microalgae. <em>Cryptomonas maculata</em> was selected as a model species to study the effects of different nitrogen sources (NaNO₃ and urea) at lowered and increased concentrations on purine formation over time. This study is the first to address purine formation in a time-resolved manner and to analyze compositional dynamics.</div><div>One of the main results of the study is the high variability in uric acid concentrations, while the concentrations of guanine, xanthine, and hypoxanthine remain constant. The type of nitrogen source is shown to be more impacting on these concentrations than the actual concentration of nitrogen. Further, a significant amount of uric acid was produced during the initial phase of cultivation, followed by its subsequent degradation after 2 to 4 weeks.</div><div>These findings offer a first insight into the complex dynamics and responses of microalgae to environmental changes and hold considerable potential to elucidate a wide range of phenomena, including algae blooms and the dynamics of coral ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 104483"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145786478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ontogenetic shifts in photoprotective and antioxidant strategies determine high light resilience in the kelp Saccharina japonica","authors":"Guiyang Song ,&nbsp;Zhourui Liang ,&nbsp;Yanmin Yuan ,&nbsp;Wenjun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104476","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2025.104476","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High light stress poses a major constraint on the growth and physiological performance of <em>Saccharina japonica</em>, often leading to thallus damage and reduced productivity. To inform stage-specific cultivation strategies, it is essential to understand how tolerance mechanisms evolve across developmental stages. This study systematically examined the photosynthetic and biochemical responses to high light stress across four representative stages of <em>S. japonica</em>: sporeling (5–8 cm in length), young sporophyte (20–30 cm), robust sporophyte (200–250 cm), and mature sporophyte (350–450 cm). They were exposed to high light (300, 600, and 1000 μmol photons m⁻² s⁻¹) for 1, 3, and 5 h, followed by a 24-h recovery period. Results revealed a pronounced ontogenetic gradient in stress tolerance. Sporeling and young sporophyte stages were highly susceptible to photoinhibition, as indicated by marked declines in the maximal and actual quantum yields of PSII and photosynthetic efficiency. This vulnerability was associated with weak antioxidant responses, characterized by limited upregulation of protective enzymes (e.g., ascorbate peroxidase) and significant reductions in total antioxidant capacity, thereby impeding PSII recovery. In contrast, the robust and mature sporophyte stages exhibited enhanced resilience, supported by two distinct, well-coordinated defense systems. The mature sporophyte stage maintained high photochemical performance through a combination of sustained regulated energy dissipation [Y(NPQ)] and strong antioxidant capacity involving both enzymatic (e.g., ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase) and non-enzymatic (e.g., ascorbic acid, glutathione) components. The robust sporophyte stage, however, adopted a different strategy, compensating for minimal Y(NPQ) with a particularly powerful enzymatic antioxidant response. These findings demonstrate that high light tolerance in <em>S. japonica</em> is strongly dependent on ontogeny, underpinned by the integration and divergence of photoprotective and redox-balancing mechanisms. This ontogenetic plasticity provides a physiological foundation for refining light management practices and improving stage-targeted cultivation efficiency in <em>S. japonica</em> aquaculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 104476"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145786530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}