Pub Date : 2024-10-22DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2024.103766
Luqiu Lin , Jianhui Zeng , Chuxuan Zhang , Zhengkang Peng , Xun Gong
This study reports the transformation of three typical heavy metals (As(III), Hg(II), and Pb(II)) during the process for magnetic harvesting and subsequent liquefaction in ethanol of microalgae. The magnetic harvesting process of Chlorella Vulgaris (CV) was simulated using a co-precipitation method, achieving the highest magnetic harvesting ratio of 98.95 % at a pH of 8 and an iron-algae ratio of 0.4 g/g. Then the magnetically harvested CV was subjected to liquefaction in ethanol to explore the speciation and migration of As(III), Hg(II), and Pb(II). The environmental risk assessment of above three heavy metals in the bio-oil and biochar was assessed according to the Risk Assessment Code (RAC). Hg(II) and Pb(II) were found to be effectively stabilized and immobilized in the biochar, while As(III) exhibited a propensity to migrate into the bio-oil and existed mostly in the dangerous speciation such as fraction associated with Fe and Mn oxides and fraction bound to organic matter. It reflects a high environmental risk and necessitates a pre-removal treatment.
{"title":"The transformation of typical heavy metals during the process for magnetic harvesting and subsequent liquefaction in ethanol of microalgae","authors":"Luqiu Lin , Jianhui Zeng , Chuxuan Zhang , Zhengkang Peng , Xun Gong","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103766","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103766","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study reports the transformation of three typical heavy metals (As(III), Hg(II), and Pb(II)) during the process for magnetic harvesting and subsequent liquefaction in ethanol of microalgae. The magnetic harvesting process of <em>Chlorella Vulgaris</em> (CV) was simulated using a co-precipitation method, achieving the highest magnetic harvesting ratio of 98.95 % at a pH of 8 and an iron-algae ratio of 0.4 g/g. Then the magnetically harvested CV was subjected to liquefaction in ethanol to explore the speciation and migration of As(III), Hg(II), and Pb(II). The environmental risk assessment of above three heavy metals in the bio-oil and biochar was assessed according to the Risk Assessment Code (RAC). Hg(II) and Pb(II) were found to be effectively stabilized and immobilized in the biochar, while As(III) exhibited a propensity to migrate into the bio-oil and existed mostly in the dangerous speciation such as fraction associated with Fe and Mn oxides and fraction bound to organic matter. It reflects a high environmental risk and necessitates a pre-removal treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"84 ","pages":"Article 103766"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142532391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-21DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2024.103757
Neha Saini , Sharma Mona
Identifying a potential candidate having optimal growth characteristics and high-value biotechnological attributes, especially biofuel profile in the era of high rising renewable energy demands is necessary for a sustainable algal-biorefinery perspective. Thermophilic cyanobacteria are scarcely investigated for their industrial potential. In this regard, a preliminary study was performed to isolate a thermophilic cyanobacterium from Shiv Kund, Sohna hot spring, Gurugram, India. The polyphasic approach with molecular identification through 16SrRNA and phylogenetic analysis identified the isolated thermophilic cyanobacterium as Fischerella thermalis PCC 7521 based on the 99.15 % similarity in the NCBI-BLASTn results. Further, the phenotypic visualization under light microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) confirms the true-branching filamentous nitrogen fixing cyanobacterium. To examine its potential for a biotechnological perspective, the effect of different nitrogen concentrations in the growth medium on the biochemical profiling was studied. The highest biomass production and biomass productivity per day obtained was 1041.6 mg/L and 42.33 ± 1.52 mg/L/d⁎⁎(p < 0.01) in 0.1875 g/L (N/8) and 1.5 g/L (N) sodium nitrate concentration respectively. The effect of the growth phase on the biochemical profiling was also prominent and studying optimization helps in the cost-effective production of the required product. Surprisingly, nitrogen starvation has resulted in the increased production of pigments (chlorophyll, phycocyanin and carotenoids), proteins and lipids. The maximum carbohydrate production observed was under complete nitrogen availability (N) in the growth medium with 37.4 % more production in N than complete nitrogen starvation (N0) on 15th day of the growth cycle. Interestingly, the total lipid production observed was 457.41 ± 18.3 μg/mg ⁎(p ≤ 0.05) in N0 condition and 519.28 ± 21.3 μg/mg ⁎⁎(p < 0.01) in N/8 condition on 15th and 20th day of the growth cycle respectively. The effect of nitrogen concentrations on the C/N ratio and different functional groups were also examined. Overall, the results indicated F. thermalis PCC 7521 is a promising candidate for different biotechnological fields, especially biofuel production.
{"title":"Isolation and identification of thermophilic cyanobacterium inhabiting Shiv Kund (Sohna hot spring), India through polyphasic approach: Bioprospecting in varying nitrogen environment for biotechnological interest particularly for biofuel potential","authors":"Neha Saini , Sharma Mona","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103757","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103757","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Identifying a potential candidate having optimal growth characteristics and high-value biotechnological attributes, especially biofuel profile in the era of high rising renewable energy demands is necessary for a sustainable algal-biorefinery perspective. Thermophilic cyanobacteria are scarcely investigated for their industrial potential. In this regard, a preliminary study was performed to isolate a thermophilic cyanobacterium from Shiv Kund, Sohna hot spring, Gurugram, India. The polyphasic approach with molecular identification through 16SrRNA and phylogenetic analysis identified the isolated thermophilic cyanobacterium as <em>Fischerella thermalis</em> PCC 7521 based on the 99.15 % similarity in the NCBI-BLASTn results. Further, the phenotypic visualization under light microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) confirms the true-branching filamentous nitrogen fixing cyanobacterium. To examine its potential for a biotechnological perspective, the effect of different nitrogen concentrations in the growth medium on the biochemical profiling was studied. The highest biomass production and biomass productivity per day obtained was 1041.6 mg/L and 42.33 ± 1.52 mg/L/d<sup>⁎⁎</sup>(<em>p</em> < 0.01) in 0.1875 g/L (N/8) and 1.5 g/L (N) sodium nitrate concentration respectively. The effect of the growth phase on the biochemical profiling was also prominent and studying optimization helps in the cost-effective production of the required product. Surprisingly, nitrogen starvation has resulted in the increased production of pigments (chlorophyll, phycocyanin and carotenoids), proteins and lipids. The maximum carbohydrate production observed was under complete nitrogen availability (N) in the growth medium with 37.4 % more production in N than complete nitrogen starvation (N<sub>0</sub>) on 15th day of the growth cycle. Interestingly, the total lipid production observed was 457.41 ± 18.3 μg/mg <sup>⁎</sup>(<em>p</em> ≤ 0.05) in N<sub>0</sub> condition and 519.28 ± 21.3 μg/mg <sup>⁎⁎</sup>(<em>p</em> < 0.01) in N/8 condition on 15th and 20th day of the growth cycle respectively. The effect of nitrogen concentrations on the C/N ratio and different functional groups were also examined. Overall, the results indicated <em>F. thermalis</em> PCC 7521 is a promising candidate for different biotechnological fields, especially biofuel production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"84 ","pages":"Article 103757"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142532389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-21DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2024.103765
Neda Irvani , Jessie King , Sara Hamzelou , Dawei Ji , Arineh Tahmasian , Biniam Kebede , Alan Carne , Dominic Agyei , Indrawati Oey
Various optimized methods for cell disintegration and protein extraction of algae have been reported, but there is a lack of information regarding the proteomic characterization of the extracted proteins; thus, systematic verification of the protein profiles to find potentially exploitable proteins, while minimizing allergenicity risks, is profitable. The method described in this study was developed to thoroughly investigate the proteome characterization of A. platensis following aqueous protein extraction by high-shear homogenization and pH shift. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was applied to assess the proteome obtained from four protein extraction methods using data-dependent proteome analysis. Overall, 699 proteins were identified; however, each extraction method identified unique proteins. The maximum number of exclusive proteins was observed using a combination of high-shear homogenization and acidic pH. The evaluation of protein abundance revealed a clear distinction between proteins isolated from pH 2 treatment compared to those obtained via neutral or basic pH treatment. The applied extraction methods affected the in silico computed physicochemical properties of the proteins. Using the AllerCatPro database, 12 putative allergenic proteins were detected, the most predominant of which were related to the C-phycocyanin beta subunit (P72508). This study demonstrated that extraction methods affect the detection, physicochemical properties, and potential allergenicity of the obtained proteins. Hence, the extraction methods used to obtain novel proteins must consider these aspects before using them as functional foods.
{"title":"Impact of different food-grade protein extraction methods on the proteomic profile and potential allergenicity of Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis)","authors":"Neda Irvani , Jessie King , Sara Hamzelou , Dawei Ji , Arineh Tahmasian , Biniam Kebede , Alan Carne , Dominic Agyei , Indrawati Oey","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103765","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103765","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Various optimized methods for cell disintegration and protein extraction of algae have been reported, but there is a lack of information regarding the proteomic characterization of the extracted proteins; thus, systematic verification of the protein profiles to find potentially exploitable proteins, while minimizing allergenicity risks, is profitable. The method described in this study was developed to thoroughly investigate the proteome characterization of <em>A. platensis</em> following aqueous protein extraction by high-shear homogenization and pH shift. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was applied to assess the proteome obtained from four protein extraction methods using data-dependent proteome analysis. Overall, 699 proteins were identified; however, each extraction method identified unique proteins. The maximum number of exclusive proteins was observed using a combination of high-shear homogenization and acidic pH. The evaluation of protein abundance revealed a clear distinction between proteins isolated from pH 2 treatment compared to those obtained via neutral or basic pH treatment. The applied extraction methods affected the in silico computed physicochemical properties of the proteins. Using the AllerCatPro database, 12 putative allergenic proteins were detected, the most predominant of which were related to the C-phycocyanin beta subunit (P72508). This study demonstrated that extraction methods affect the detection, physicochemical properties, and potential allergenicity of the obtained proteins. Hence, the extraction methods used to obtain novel proteins must consider these aspects before using them as functional foods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"84 ","pages":"Article 103765"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142532326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-21DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2024.103767
Jun-Woo Lee , Min-Woo Lee , Kyong-Hee Nam , Seong-Jun Chun , Hee-Mock Oh , EonSeon Jin , Hyung-Gwan Lee
Astaxanthin, one of the most powerful natural antioxidants, is used in high-value industries such as those of cosmetics, nutraceuticals, and food products derived from microalgae. In this study, Ettlia sp. mutants were generated by expressing two types of heterologous orange proteins, IbOr and IbOr-R96H, in which the 96th arginine of IbOr was substituted with histidine derived from Ipomoea batatas to enhance astaxanthin production. The Ett-IbOr-R96H mutant showed a 2.4-fold increase in β-carotene content compared to the wildtype (4.59 mg g−1DCW), reaching 10.82 mg g−1 under high-light conditions via two-phase cultivation. Under the stress treatment combination of high-light intensity and nitrogen deprivation, total carotenoid content increased to 17.24 mg L−1 and 21.94 mg L−1 in Ett-IbOr and Ett-IbOr-R96H, respectively. The astaxanthin and canthaxanthin contents in Ett-IbOr-R96H was 4.89 mg L−1 and 0.47 mg L−1, respectively, which were 1.8- and 1.5-fold higher, respectively, than those in Ett-IbOr. Additionally, photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm) recovered in Ett-IbOr-R96H under dual-stress conditions compared to the wildtype while reactive oxygen species levels decreased throughout the cultivation period. Our findings suggest that the heterologous IbOr expression in Ettlia sp. may be an effective approach for enhancing the production of ketocarotenoids and improving stress resistance for industrial applications.
{"title":"Enhancement of ketocarotenoid production via heterologous expression of orange protein from Ipomoea batatas in indigenous microalga Ettlia sp.","authors":"Jun-Woo Lee , Min-Woo Lee , Kyong-Hee Nam , Seong-Jun Chun , Hee-Mock Oh , EonSeon Jin , Hyung-Gwan Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103767","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103767","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Astaxanthin, one of the most powerful natural antioxidants, is used in high-value industries such as those of cosmetics, nutraceuticals, and food products derived from microalgae. In this study, <em>Ettlia</em> sp. mutants were generated by expressing two types of heterologous orange proteins, IbOr and IbOr-R96H, in which the 96<sup>th</sup> arginine of IbOr was substituted with histidine derived from <em>Ipomoea batatas</em> to enhance astaxanthin production. The <em>Ett-IbOr-R96H</em> mutant showed a 2.4-fold increase in β-carotene content compared to the wildtype (4.59 mg g<sup>−1</sup>DCW), reaching 10.82 mg g<sup>−1</sup> under high-light conditions via two-phase cultivation. Under the stress treatment combination of high-light intensity and nitrogen deprivation, total carotenoid content increased to 17.24 mg L<sup>−1</sup> and 21.94 mg L<sup>−1</sup> in <em>Ett-IbOr</em> and <em>Ett-IbOr-R96H</em>, respectively. The astaxanthin and canthaxanthin contents in <em>Ett-IbOr-R96H</em> was 4.89 mg L<sup>−1</sup> and 0.47 mg L<sup>−1</sup>, respectively, which were 1.8- and 1.5-fold higher, respectively, than those in <em>Ett-IbOr</em>. Additionally, photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm) recovered in <em>Ett-IbOr-R96H</em> under dual-stress conditions compared to the wildtype while reactive oxygen species levels decreased throughout the cultivation period. Our findings suggest that the heterologous <em>IbOr</em> expression in <em>Ettlia</em> sp. may be an effective approach for enhancing the production of ketocarotenoids and improving stress resistance for industrial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"84 ","pages":"Article 103767"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142592961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-20DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2024.103760
Jingjie Ma , Peifang Wang , Xun Wang , Bin Hu , Jin Qian
The regulatory role of microcystin in the response of microcystin-producing cyanobacteria to elevated CO2 remains poorly understood. To address this gap, this study compared the responses of wild-type toxic Microcystis PCC 7806 and its mcyB-knockout mutant to elevated CO2 using metabolomic profiling under nitrogen (N)-rich and N-poor conditions. Under N-poor conditions, elevated CO2 promoted carbohydrate synthesis and tricarboxylic acid cycle in both strains, without affecting their growth. Under N-rich conditions, both strains exhibited increased biomass with rising CO2 levels, attributed to enhanced carbohydrate synthesis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, glutamate-glutamine cycle, purine synthesis, and arginine synthesis. However, compared to the mutant, the proliferation of wild-type toxic Microcystis was less stimulated by elevated CO2. The difference was associated with its reduced activity in the pentose phosphate pathway, likely linked to microcystin synthesis. Besides, the difference was related to higher utilization of glutamate, arginine, and aspartate due to increased microcystin production, indicating the regulatory role of microcystin in the response of microcystin-producing cyanobacteria to elevated CO2. Importantly, elevated CO2 could enhance microcystin synthesis by promoting the production of carbon backbones (malonyl CoA), amino acids (including arginine, glutamate and aspartate) and methyl donors (S-adenosylmethionine) of the wild-type toxic Microcystis PCC 7806. Notably, sufficient nitrogen sources were required for increased amino acid and methyl donors synthesis at high CO2 concentration. The discovery revealed underlying mechanisms behind the potential for elevated CO2 levels to increase toxicity risk associated with Microcystis blooms.
人们对微囊藻毒素在产微囊藻蓝藻对高浓度 CO2 的反应中的调控作用仍然知之甚少。为了填补这一空白，本研究比较了野生型毒性微囊藻 PCC 7806 及其 mcyB 基因敲除突变体在富氮和贫氮条件下对高浓度 CO2 的响应。在贫氮条件下，高浓度 CO2 促进了两株菌株的碳水化合物合成和三羧酸循环，但不影响其生长。在富氮条件下，随着二氧化碳水平的升高，两株菌株的生物量都有所增加，这归因于碳水化合物合成、三羧酸循环、谷氨酸-谷氨酰胺循环、嘌呤合成和精氨酸合成的增强。然而，与突变体相比，野生型毒性微囊藻的增殖受二氧化碳升高的刺激较小。这种差异与其磷酸戊糖途径活性降低有关，而磷酸戊糖途径可能与微囊藻毒素的合成有关。此外，这种差异还与微囊藻毒素产量增加导致谷氨酸、精氨酸和天冬氨酸的利用率提高有关，表明微囊藻毒素在产微囊藻蓝藻对高浓度 CO2 的反应中起着调节作用。重要的是，高浓度 CO2 可促进野生型毒性微囊藻 PCC 7806 的碳骨架（丙二酰 CoA）、氨基酸（包括精氨酸、谷氨酸和天门冬氨酸）和甲基供体（S-腺苷蛋氨酸）的产生，从而增强微囊藻毒素的合成。值得注意的是，在高浓度二氧化碳条件下，氨基酸和甲基供体的合成需要充足的氮源。这一发现揭示了二氧化碳浓度升高可能增加与微囊藻藻华相关的毒性风险的潜在机制。
{"title":"Regulatory role of microcystin in the response of microcystin-producing cyanobacteria to elevated CO2: Insights from metabolic profiling","authors":"Jingjie Ma , Peifang Wang , Xun Wang , Bin Hu , Jin Qian","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103760","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103760","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The regulatory role of microcystin in the response of microcystin-producing cyanobacteria to elevated CO<sub>2</sub> remains poorly understood. To address this gap, this study compared the responses of wild-type toxic <em>Microcystis</em> PCC 7806 and its <em>mcy</em>B-knockout mutant to elevated CO<sub>2</sub> using metabolomic profiling under nitrogen (N)-rich and N-poor conditions. Under N-poor conditions, elevated CO<sub>2</sub> promoted carbohydrate synthesis and tricarboxylic acid cycle in both strains, without affecting their growth. Under N-rich conditions, both strains exhibited increased biomass with rising CO<sub>2</sub> levels, attributed to enhanced carbohydrate synthesis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, glutamate-glutamine cycle, purine synthesis, and arginine synthesis. However, compared to the mutant, the proliferation of wild-type toxic <em>Microcystis</em> was less stimulated by elevated CO<sub>2.</sub> The difference was associated with its reduced activity in the pentose phosphate pathway, likely linked to microcystin synthesis. Besides, the difference was related to higher utilization of glutamate, arginine, and aspartate due to increased microcystin production, indicating the regulatory role of microcystin in the response of microcystin-producing <em>cyanobacteria</em> to elevated CO<sub>2</sub>. Importantly, elevated CO<sub>2</sub> could enhance microcystin synthesis by promoting the production of carbon backbones (malonyl CoA), amino acids (including arginine, glutamate and aspartate) and methyl donors (S-adenosylmethionine) of the wild-type toxic <em>Microcystis</em> PCC 7806. Notably, sufficient nitrogen sources were required for increased amino acid and methyl donors synthesis at high CO<sub>2</sub> concentration. The discovery revealed underlying mechanisms behind the potential for elevated CO<sub>2</sub> levels to increase toxicity risk associated with <em>Microcystis</em> blooms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"84 ","pages":"Article 103760"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142553889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-20DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2024.103761
Shuya Liu , Nansheng Chen
The cosmopolitan diatom species Skeletonema costatum is an ecologically important dominant phytoplankton frequently found in the coastal estuarine and marine waters, and often causes harmful algae blooms. Despite of its critical ecological importance, chromosome-level genome assemble is still unavailable, hindering in-depth understanding of their evolution and environmental adaption. Here, we report a chromosome-level genome assembly for the marine diatom species S. costatum. The assembled genome size was 136.49 Mb, with a contig N50 of 302 Kb and 95.30 % of the reads anchored into 23 pseudo-chromosomes with a scaffold N50 of 6.19 Mb. A total of 28,321 protein-coding genes were predicted, with 86.03 % being functional annotated. The BUSCO assessment of genome assembly and genome annotation were both above 90 %. Phylogenetic analysis showed the expected topology, with S. costatum and its closely related species S. marinoi diverged from their common ancestor around 22.6 million years ago. The genome size of S. costatum is comparatively larger than those of its closely related diatoms, due mostly to its higher transposable element contents and larger number of proteincoding genes. Collinearity analysis revealed strong collinearity between S. costatum and other Skeletonema with most chromosomes showing clear one-to-one correspondences. A larger family of nine copies of the cryptochrome genes that function as blue light photoreceptors were identified in S. costatum, which could contribute its ecological success. The availability of the high-quality chromosome-level genome assembly for S. costatum represents a valuable resource that may facilitate comparative genomics for revealing important ecological clues and gene families, and future genetics and environmental studies among Skeletonema species.
{"title":"Chromosome-level genome assembly of the cosmopolitan diatom Skeletonema costatum provides insights into ecological adaptation","authors":"Shuya Liu , Nansheng Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103761","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103761","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The cosmopolitan diatom species <em>Skeletonema costatum</em> is an ecologically important dominant phytoplankton frequently found in the coastal estuarine and marine waters, and often causes harmful algae blooms. Despite of its critical ecological importance, chromosome-level genome assemble is still unavailable, hindering in-depth understanding of their evolution and environmental adaption. Here, we report a chromosome-level genome assembly for the marine diatom species <em>S. costatum</em>. The assembled genome size was 136.49 Mb, with a contig N50 of 302 Kb and 95.30 % of the reads anchored into 23 pseudo-chromosomes with a scaffold N50 of 6.19 Mb. A total of 28,321 protein-coding genes were predicted, with 86.03 % being functional annotated. The BUSCO assessment of genome assembly and genome annotation were both above 90 %. Phylogenetic analysis showed the expected topology, with <em>S. costatum</em> and its closely related species <em>S. marinoi</em> diverged from their common ancestor around 22.6 million years ago. The genome size of <em>S. costatum</em> is comparatively larger than those of its closely related diatoms, due mostly to its higher transposable element contents and larger number of proteincoding genes. Collinearity analysis revealed strong collinearity between <em>S. costatum</em> and other <em>Skeletonema</em> with most chromosomes showing clear one-to-one correspondences. A larger family of nine copies of the cryptochrome genes that function as blue light photoreceptors were identified in <em>S. costatum</em>, which could contribute its ecological success. The availability of the high-quality chromosome-level genome assembly for <em>S. costatum</em> represents a valuable resource that may facilitate comparative genomics for revealing important ecological clues and gene families, and future genetics and environmental studies among <em>Skeletonema</em> species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"84 ","pages":"Article 103761"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142532386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-20DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2024.103755
Hazlam Shamin Ahmad Shaberi , Hamidun Bunawan , Sean Craig , Samantha J. Bryan , Ahmad Bazli Ramzi
Biotechnological interventions have been increasingly adopted for addressing the persistence and recalcitrance of fossil fuel-derived plastic waste. Bioremediation through microbial and enzymatic degradation offers promising solutions, yet economic and scalability challenges persist, especially for addressing plastic waste accumulation in aquatic ecosystems. Despite recent advancements in plastic bioconversion and bio-upcycling using recombinant enzymes and microbes, current genetic and biological engineering platforms mainly employed heterotrophic chassis such as Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas putida, that are not suitable for direct cultivation using wastewater sources. Photosynthetic microorganisms like cyanobacteria and microalgae offer a sustainable alternative to the heterotrophic counterparts, in not only converting wastewater and CO2 as carbon and energy sources but also bring about carbon-neutral bioconversion potentials. Therefore, this review explores bioengineering strategies required to develop and harness the capabilities of cyanobacteria and microalgae for plastic biomineralisation. Pathway engineering in selected chassis is highlighted by detailing the metabolic pathways involved in plastic degradation where the application of growth-coupled genome editing and advanced biotechnological tools is further discussed. By integrating biofoundry-driven bioengineering strategies with growth-coupled selection, microalgal strain development can be accelerated towards achieving high substrate-to-product yields thus promoting carbon-neutral biorefinery and plastic bioconversion approaches.
{"title":"Advancing plastics bio-upcycling with photosynthetic microorganisms using bioengineering and bioconversion strategies","authors":"Hazlam Shamin Ahmad Shaberi , Hamidun Bunawan , Sean Craig , Samantha J. Bryan , Ahmad Bazli Ramzi","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103755","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103755","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biotechnological interventions have been increasingly adopted for addressing the persistence and recalcitrance of fossil fuel-derived plastic waste. Bioremediation through microbial and enzymatic degradation offers promising solutions, yet economic and scalability challenges persist, especially for addressing plastic waste accumulation in aquatic ecosystems. Despite recent advancements in plastic bioconversion and bio-upcycling using recombinant enzymes and microbes, current genetic and biological engineering platforms mainly employed heterotrophic chassis such as <em>Escherichia coli</em> and <em>Pseudomonas putida</em>, that are not suitable for direct cultivation using wastewater sources. Photosynthetic microorganisms like cyanobacteria and microalgae offer a sustainable alternative to the heterotrophic counterparts, in not only converting wastewater and CO<sub>2</sub> as carbon and energy sources but also bring about carbon-neutral bioconversion potentials. Therefore, this review explores bioengineering strategies required to develop and harness the capabilities of cyanobacteria and microalgae for plastic biomineralisation. Pathway engineering in selected chassis is highlighted by detailing the metabolic pathways involved in plastic degradation where the application of growth-coupled genome editing and advanced biotechnological tools is further discussed. By integrating biofoundry-driven bioengineering strategies with growth-coupled selection, microalgal strain development can be accelerated towards achieving high substrate-to-product yields thus promoting carbon-neutral biorefinery and plastic bioconversion approaches.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"84 ","pages":"Article 103755"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142532387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-19DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2024.103756
Shengyu Fan , Ying Xu , Lei Wang , Xin Gao , Soon-Mi Shim , Xiaoting Fu
The current research looked into the inhibitory effect of a purified component of Sargassum hornery fucoidan oligosaccharide (F2) with a sulfate content of 16.35 %, which showed substantial protective effects on H2O2-induced oxidative damage in RAW 264.7 cells and zebrafish. The chemical and structural characteristics were examined by GC, FTIR, MS, and NMR spectroscopy, revealing that F2 was composed of not only a mixed oligosaccharide with 1–4 degrees of polymerization but also had a main chain consisting of (1 → 3) linked α-L-Fucp and (1 → 3,4) linked α-L-Fucp, sulfated groups mainly at C2 position. It was found that F2 could activate the MAPK and Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathways through the dissociation of the Keap1-Nrf2 complex in RAW 264.7 cells. Then Nrf2 entered the cell and bound to the antioxidant response element (ARE), resulting in activating the expression of downstream antioxidant genes. F2 was also found to have a strong protective effect on oxidative stress in zebrafish induced by H2O2, which can reduce the heart rate of zebrafish and prevent the generation of intracellular ROS and cell death. Therefore, S. hornery fucoidan oligosaccharide (F2) could be a potential ingredient for functional foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals because of its antioxidant activity.
{"title":"Sargassum hornery fucoidan oligosaccharide: Purification, characterization, and antioxidant effects targeting the MAPK and KEAP1-NRF2 signaling pathways","authors":"Shengyu Fan , Ying Xu , Lei Wang , Xin Gao , Soon-Mi Shim , Xiaoting Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103756","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103756","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The current research looked into the inhibitory effect of a purified component of <em>Sargassum hornery</em> fucoidan oligosaccharide (F2) with a sulfate content of 16.35 %, which showed substantial protective effects on H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-induced oxidative damage in RAW 264.7 cells and zebrafish. The chemical and structural characteristics were examined by GC, FTIR, MS, and NMR spectroscopy, revealing that F2 was composed of not only a mixed oligosaccharide with 1–4 degrees of polymerization but also had a main chain consisting of (1 → 3) linked α-L-Fuc<em>p</em> and (1 → 3,4) linked α-L-Fuc<em>p</em>, sulfated groups mainly at C2 position. It was found that F2 could activate the MAPK and Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathways through the dissociation of the Keap1-Nrf2 complex in RAW 264.7 cells. Then Nrf2 entered the cell and bound to the antioxidant response element (ARE), resulting in activating the expression of downstream antioxidant genes. F2 was also found to have a strong protective effect on oxidative stress in zebrafish induced by H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, which can reduce the heart rate of zebrafish and prevent the generation of intracellular ROS and cell death. Therefore, <em>S. hornery</em> fucoidan oligosaccharide (F2) could be a potential ingredient for functional foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals because of its antioxidant activity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"84 ","pages":"Article 103756"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142532508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-19DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2024.103759
Jana Kvíderová , David Kubáč , Jaromír Lukavský
Illumination during the night with white LEDs increased the growth of the microalga Dictyosphaerium chlorelloides strain CCALA 330 on a thin-film platform unit (150 L volume, 12 m2 area) approximately 2.5× in comparison to the platform illuminated only by the Sun. The mean PAR intensity on the Sun-illuminated unit was 71 μmol m−2 s−1, on the Sun + LEDs unit 549 μmol m−2 s−1, the mean temperatures were 15 °C and 20.1 °C. On the Sun unit the algae grew to a maximum of 15 g L−1 dry weight in 42 days, with Sun + LEDs into 17.8 g L−1 during 24 days when the both units reached the stationary phase of the growth curve. Biomass production was 3.3 in the Sun and 8.54 g m−2 d−1 in the Sun + LED, i.e. 0.27 and 0.68 g L−1 d−1. In total, the mean of 37.5 and 58.2 kWh per night were consumed, so the total electricity consumptions for biomass production was 0.20 and 0.40 kWh g−1 DW during LED + Sun cycles 1 and 2, respectively. The production of the extracellular polysaccharides was practically the same for both platforms, and constant during time. A more substantial double increase was only after 30 days of cultivation in both platforms and reached 4 g L−1. The fluorescence measurements proved good physiological state of the cultures. The PAR was found as a main driver of the photosynthetic activity. The correlation of the growth and fluorescence parameters to the environmental conditions was much more profound in the Sun pilot plant, therefore the reliable set of monitored parameters should be defined according to the cultivation type, for both of them we propose OD680/OD720 ratio as a proxy of nutrient deficiency.
{"title":"Pilot plant cultivation of microalga Dictyosphaerium chlorelloides with night illumination from LEDs sources","authors":"Jana Kvíderová , David Kubáč , Jaromír Lukavský","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103759","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103759","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Illumination during the night with white LEDs increased the growth of the microalga <em>Dictyosphaerium chlorelloides</em> strain CCALA 330 on a thin-film platform unit (150 L volume, 12 m<sup>2</sup> area) approximately 2.5× in comparison to the platform illuminated only by the Sun. The mean PAR intensity on the Sun-illuminated unit was 71 μmol m<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>, on the Sun + LEDs unit 549 μmol m<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>, the mean temperatures were 15 °C and 20.1 °C. On the Sun unit the algae grew to a maximum of 15 g L<sup>−1</sup> dry weight in 42 days, with Sun + LEDs into 17.8 g L<sup>−1</sup> during 24 days when the both units reached the stationary phase of the growth curve. Biomass production was 3.3 in the Sun and 8.54 g m<sup>−2</sup> d<sup>−1</sup> in the Sun + LED, i.e. 0.27 and 0.68 g L<sup>−1</sup> d<sup>−1</sup>. In total, the mean of 37.5 and 58.2 kWh per night were consumed, so the total electricity consumptions for biomass production was 0.20 and 0.40 kWh g<sup>−1</sup> DW during LED + Sun cycles 1 and 2, respectively. The production of the extracellular polysaccharides was practically the same for both platforms, and constant during time. A more substantial double increase was only after 30 days of cultivation in both platforms and reached 4 g L<sup>−1</sup>. The fluorescence measurements proved good physiological state of the cultures. The PAR was found as a main driver of the photosynthetic activity. The correlation of the growth and fluorescence parameters to the environmental conditions was much more profound in the Sun pilot plant, therefore the reliable set of monitored parameters should be defined according to the cultivation type, for both of them we propose OD<sub>680</sub>/OD<sub>720</sub> ratio as a proxy of nutrient deficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"84 ","pages":"Article 103759"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142532511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A huge quantity of synthetic toxic materials ends-up in water bodies causing long-lasting environmental and economic impacts due to catastrophic oil spill. Exploring marine algae as sorbent materials for oil spill remediation is a relatively new area and holds great potential. Herein, macroalgae Rhizoclonium hookeri (RH) derived magnetically recoverable activated carbon (RHAC@Fe3O4) composite has been proposed as an innovative and robust strategy for oil spill clean-up. The oil uptake efficiency of RHAC@Fe3O4 was probed using unused and used motor oil in synthetic seawater matrices by conducting batch wise experiments. Optimal conditions for the designed sorption system were met by varying time (10–60 min), dosage (0.2–1 g) and temperature (20, 30, 40 °C). Characterization studies showed that KOH-based activation played a vital role in developing pore structure and surface functionalities in the algal biochar. Batch experiments demonstrated over 90 % oil removal efficiency of RHAC@Fe3O4 from simulated oil spill after 30 min using 0.8 g of composite. Moreover, Fe3O4 loading onto carbon material allowed magnetic separation as a convenient alternative to filtration for the recovery of oil laden composite. Apart from superior oil removal ability, synthesized composite demonstrated robust performance up to five cycles in synthetic sea water matrices. Additionally, comparative study revealed better oil sequestration efficiency of the fabricated RHAC@Fe3O4 composite (93 %) as compared to its precursors, i.e. algal biochar (71 %) and AC (88 %). Based on these findings, it is advocated that designed RHAC@Fe3O4 composite being eco-friendly, economical and readily recoverable with enhanced oil uptake ability could potentially be an innovative platform for oil spill clean-up applications.
{"title":"Magnetically separable sorbent based on activated carbon derived from a new precursor Rhizoclonium hookeri for facile oil spill clean-up","authors":"Saima Sohni , Owais Rashid , Sayyed Hamid Ali , Sher Bahadar Khan , Kalsoom Akhtar , Faryal Mazhar , Md. Sohrab Hossain , Murtaza Sayed , Najeeb Ullah","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103762","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2024.103762","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A huge quantity of synthetic toxic materials ends-up in water bodies causing long-lasting environmental and economic impacts due to catastrophic oil spill. Exploring marine algae as sorbent materials for oil spill remediation is a relatively new area and holds great potential. Herein, macroalgae <em>Rhizoclonium hookeri</em> (RH) derived magnetically recoverable activated carbon (RHAC@Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) composite has been proposed as an innovative and robust strategy for oil spill clean-up. The oil uptake efficiency of RHAC@Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> was probed using unused and used motor oil in synthetic seawater matrices by conducting batch wise experiments. Optimal conditions for the designed sorption system were met by varying time (10–60 min), dosage (0.2–1 g) and temperature (20, 30, 40 °C). Characterization studies showed that KOH-based activation played a vital role in developing pore structure and surface functionalities in the algal biochar. Batch experiments demonstrated over 90 % oil removal efficiency of RHAC@Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> from simulated oil spill after 30 min using 0.8 g of composite. Moreover, Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> loading onto carbon material allowed magnetic separation as a convenient alternative to filtration for the recovery of oil laden composite. Apart from superior oil removal ability, synthesized composite demonstrated robust performance up to five cycles in synthetic sea water matrices. Additionally, comparative study revealed better oil sequestration efficiency of the fabricated RHAC@Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> composite (93 %) as compared to its precursors, i.e. algal biochar (71 %) and AC (88 %). Based on these findings, it is advocated that designed RHAC@Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> composite being eco-friendly, economical and readily recoverable with enhanced oil uptake ability could potentially be an innovative platform for oil spill clean-up applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"84 ","pages":"Article 103762"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142532324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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