Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-03-04DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2026.104627
Ewa Ropelewska , Etiele Greque de Morais , Enrica Uggeti , Diana Paguay , Francisco Sepulcre , Zein Kallas
The aim of this study was to design a method for classifying biscuits enriched with various types and concentrations of Chlorella microalgae based on texture features extracted from digital images, using artificial intelligence techniques. The dataset included seven biscuit variants: a control sample without microalgae addition and biscuit samples containing White, Yellow, or Green Chlorella vulgaris at 2.5% and 5% addition levels. Images acquired with the rear camera of a mobile phone were analyzed using MaZda software, which enabled the extraction of 2172 texture descriptors across 12 color channels. A feature selection process identified the 70 most relevant parameters for classification. Both deep learning (Dl4jMlpClassifier) and traditional machine learning models (Random Forest, LogitBoost, Subspace Discriminant (Ensemble), WiSARD, Medium Gaussian SVM, and Wide Neural Network) were developed using WEKA and MATLAB environments. The highest classification correctness, reaching 97.86%, was obtained with the Subspace Discriminant algorithm. Biscuits enriched with Green Chlorella were most effectively distinguished, while the greatest confusion occurred between Yellow Chlorella samples at 2.5% and 5%. This study is the first to combine image texture analysis with AI-based modeling for the non-destructive discrimination of microalgae-enriched biscuits. The developed approach demonstrates a significant advancement in applying computer vision and machine learning for food quality control and could be implemented in practice as a rapid, objective tool for monitoring formulation differences in functional bakery products.
{"title":"Microalgae-enriched biscuit discrimination using image texture features and Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms","authors":"Ewa Ropelewska , Etiele Greque de Morais , Enrica Uggeti , Diana Paguay , Francisco Sepulcre , Zein Kallas","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2026.104627","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2026.104627","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of this study was to design a method for classifying biscuits enriched with various types and concentrations of <em>Chlorella</em> microalgae based on texture features extracted from digital images, using artificial intelligence techniques. The dataset included seven biscuit variants: a control sample without microalgae addition and biscuit samples containing White, Yellow, or Green <em>Chlorella vulgaris</em> at 2.5% and 5% addition levels. Images acquired with the rear camera of a mobile phone were analyzed using MaZda software, which enabled the extraction of 2172 texture descriptors across 12 color channels. A feature selection process identified the 70 most relevant parameters for classification. Both deep learning (Dl4jMlpClassifier) and traditional machine learning models (Random Forest, LogitBoost, Subspace Discriminant (Ensemble), WiSARD, Medium Gaussian SVM, and Wide Neural Network) were developed using WEKA and MATLAB environments. The highest classification correctness, reaching 97.86%, was obtained with the Subspace Discriminant algorithm. Biscuits enriched with Green <em>Chlorella</em> were most effectively distinguished, while the greatest confusion occurred between Yellow <em>Chlorella</em> samples at 2.5% and 5%. This study is the first to combine image texture analysis with AI-based modeling for the non-destructive discrimination of microalgae-enriched biscuits. The developed approach demonstrates a significant advancement in applying computer vision and machine learning for food quality control and could be implemented in practice as a rapid, objective tool for monitoring formulation differences in functional bakery products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 104627"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147386402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-02-10DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2026.104584
Ryuta Terada , Kotaro Makino , Gregory N. Nishihara
The effects of irradiance (including irradiance spectral quality), temperature, desiccation, and salinity on a Japanese population of freshwater red alga Nemalionopsis shawii were investigated using dissolved oxygen sensors and pulse-amplitude-modulated chlorophyll fluorometry to improve understanding of its conservation requirements. Oxygenic photosynthesis–irradiance curves determined at 20 °C under blue, green, and red light-emitting diodes (LEDs) showed that the maximum net photosynthetic rate was highest under green light, nearly equivalent to that observed under white light (metal halide lamp), and followed by red light. Temperature responses of the maximum (Fv/Fm) and effective (ΔF/Fm') quantum yields after three days of culture across 4–40 °C under irradiances of 0 and 50 μmol photons m−2 s−1 (12 L:12D) peaked at 21.9 °C and 19.9 °C, respectively, and declined above 28 °C; Fv/Fm was less sensitive to low temperatures. Combined irradiance (200, 500, and 1000 μmol photons m−2 s−1) and temperature (28, 16, and 4 °C) treatments revealed that ΔF/Fm' decreased during light exposure across all temperatures but largely recovered after 12-h of dim light acclimation at 28 °C and 16 °C; no recovery occurred at 4 °C, indicating cold-induced photoinhibition. In the desiccation experiment (up to 8 h of aerial exposure, 20 °C, 45–50% humidity, and 20 μmol photons m−2 s−1), ΔF/Fm' remained stable for 1-h but gradually decreased as relative water content fell below 50%, approaching zero after 8 h. In the one-week salinity experiment (0–10 psu, 20 °C, 20 μmol photons m−2 s−1, 12 L:12D), ΔF/Fm' declined progressively above 6 psu, indicating low tolerance to brackish conditions. These findings provide important insights into the conservation and habitat management of N. shawii, emphasizing optimal light and temperature conditions and the avoidance of desiccation and salinity stress.
{"title":"The effects of irradiance, temperature, desiccation, and salinity on the photosynthesis of the freshwater red alga Nemalionopsis shawii (Thoreales) from Japan","authors":"Ryuta Terada , Kotaro Makino , Gregory N. Nishihara","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2026.104584","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2026.104584","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effects of irradiance (including irradiance spectral quality), temperature, desiccation, and salinity on a Japanese population of freshwater red alga <em>Nemalionopsis shawii</em> were investigated using dissolved oxygen sensors and pulse-amplitude-modulated chlorophyll fluorometry to improve understanding of its conservation requirements. Oxygenic photosynthesis–irradiance curves determined at 20 °C under blue, green, and red light-emitting diodes (LEDs) showed that the maximum net photosynthetic rate was highest under green light, nearly equivalent to that observed under white light (metal halide lamp), and followed by red light. Temperature responses of the maximum (<em>F</em><sub><em>v</em></sub><em>/F</em><sub><em>m</em></sub>) and effective (<em>ΔF/F</em><sub><em>m</em></sub><em>'</em>) quantum yields after three days of culture across 4–40 °C under irradiances of 0 and 50 μmol photons m<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup> (12 L:12D) peaked at 21.9 °C and 19.9 °C, respectively, and declined above 28 °C; <em>F</em><sub><em>v</em></sub><em>/F</em><sub><em>m</em></sub> was less sensitive to low temperatures. Combined irradiance (200, 500, and 1000 μmol photons m<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>) and temperature (28, 16, and 4 °C) treatments revealed that <em>ΔF/F</em><sub><em>m</em></sub><em>'</em> decreased during light exposure across all temperatures but largely recovered after 12-h of dim light acclimation at 28 °C and 16 °C; no recovery occurred at 4 °C, indicating cold-induced photoinhibition. In the desiccation experiment (up to 8 h of aerial exposure, 20 °C, 45–50% humidity, and 20 μmol photons m<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>), <em>ΔF/F</em><sub><em>m</em></sub><em>'</em> remained stable for 1-h but gradually decreased as relative water content fell below 50%, approaching zero after 8 h. In the one-week salinity experiment (0–10 psu, 20 °C, 20 μmol photons m<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>, 12 L:12D), <em>ΔF/F</em><sub><em>m</em></sub><em>'</em> declined progressively above 6 psu, indicating low tolerance to brackish conditions. These findings provide important insights into the conservation and habitat management of <em>N. shawii</em>, emphasizing optimal light and temperature conditions and the avoidance of desiccation and salinity stress.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 104584"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147386403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-03-03DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2026.104625
Young-Bo Sim , Do-Yeon Kim , Hee-Won Cho , Sang-Hyoun Kim
This study demonstrated the high-productivity hydrogen production via Clostridium pasteurianum bioaugmentation from algal biomass (Eucheuma spinosum) using a dynamic membrane bioreactor (DMBR). During the algal biomass supplementation without bioaugmentation, bio-H2 production rate (HPR) and bio-H2 yield (HY) were significantly decreased from 59.4 ± 3.0 L H2/L-d and 2.35 ± 0.14 mol H2/mol hexoseconsumed to 15.6 ± 2.8 L H2/L-d and 0.73 ± 0.13 mol H2/mol hexoseconsumed, respectively. This result indicated that algal biomass contributed to the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) composition from polysaccharide-EPS to protein-EPS, and shifted the metabolic flux from H2-producing pathways toward H2-consuming and non-H2-producing pathways. On the other hand, fermenter deterioration was significantly mitigated during the algal biomass supplementation with bioaugmentation, achieving an HPR and HY of 33.3 ± 3.3 L H2/L-d and 1.57 ± 0.15 mol H2/mol hexoseconsumed, respectively. This result demonstrated that the bioaugmentation not only significantly enhanced polysaccharide-EPS formation but also substantially suppressed propionate- and formate-producing pathway under algal biomass conditions. Furthermore, this study observed that the deteriorated fermenter could be effectively recovered by bioaugmentation along with the synthetic substrate supplementation, owing to enhanced polysaccharide-EPS formation and the suppression of competitors. This study would offer a promising strategy to achieve the high-productivity hydrogen production via Clostridium pasteurianum bioaugmentation using algal biomass. This outcome would provide practical implications for the design and operation of dark fermentative hydrogen production from a red algal biomass, and further optimization of bioaugmentation strategies targeting EPS composition and competitors may enable more robust and scalable bio-H2 production from algal biomass.
采用动态膜生物反应器（DMBR）研究了以真毛藻（Eucheuma spinosum）为原料，对巴氏梭菌进行生物强化产氢的高产工艺。在不添加生物增强剂的情况下，生物-H2产率（HPR）和生物-H2产率（HY）分别从59.4±3.0 L H2/L-d和2.35±0.14 mol H2/mol己糖消耗显著降低至15.6±2.8 L H2/L-d和0.73±0.13 mol H2/mol己糖消耗。结果表明，藻类生物量使胞外聚合物（EPS）的组成由多糖-EPS转变为蛋白-EPS，并使代谢通量从产生h2的途径转向消耗h2和不产生h2的途径。另一方面，添加生物增强剂的藻类生物量显著减轻了发酵罐的恶化，HPR和HY分别达到33.3±3.3 L H2/L-d和1.57±0.15 mol H2/mol己糖消耗。结果表明，在藻类生物量条件下，生物强化不仅显著增强了多糖- eps的形成，而且显著抑制了丙酸和甲酸的生成途径。此外，本研究还发现，随着合成底物的添加，生物强化可以有效地恢复变质的发酵罐，因为多糖- eps的形成增加，抑制了竞争对手。本研究为利用藻类生物量对巴氏梭菌进行生物强化生产氢气提供了一条有前景的途径。这一结果将为红藻生物质暗发酵制氢的设计和操作提供实际意义，而针对EPS组成和竞争对手的生物增强策略的进一步优化可能会使藻类生物质的生物h2生产更加稳健和可扩展。
{"title":"High-productivity hydrogen production via bioaugmentation of exogenous Clostridium species using a red algal biomass (Eucheuma spinosum)","authors":"Young-Bo Sim , Do-Yeon Kim , Hee-Won Cho , Sang-Hyoun Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2026.104625","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2026.104625","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study demonstrated the high-productivity hydrogen production via <em>Clostridium pasteurianum</em> bioaugmentation from algal biomass (<em>Eucheuma spinosum</em>) using a dynamic membrane bioreactor (DMBR). During the algal biomass supplementation without bioaugmentation, bio-H<sub>2</sub> production rate (HPR) and bio-H<sub>2</sub> yield (HY) were significantly decreased from 59.4 ± 3.0 L H<sub>2</sub>/L-d and 2.35 ± 0.14 mol H<sub>2</sub>/mol hexose<sub>consumed</sub> to 15.6 ± 2.8 L H<sub>2</sub>/L-d and 0.73 ± 0.13 mol H<sub>2</sub>/mol hexose<sub>consumed</sub>, respectively. This result indicated that algal biomass contributed to the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) composition from polysaccharide-EPS to protein-EPS, and shifted the metabolic flux from H<sub>2</sub>-producing pathways toward H<sub>2</sub>-consuming and non-H<sub>2</sub>-producing pathways. On the other hand, fermenter deterioration was significantly mitigated during the algal biomass supplementation with bioaugmentation, achieving an HPR and HY of 33.3 ± 3.3 L H<sub>2</sub>/L-d and 1.57 ± 0.15 mol H<sub>2</sub>/mol hexose<sub>consumed</sub>, respectively. This result demonstrated that the bioaugmentation not only significantly enhanced polysaccharide-EPS formation but also substantially suppressed propionate- and formate-producing pathway under algal biomass conditions. Furthermore, this study observed that the deteriorated fermenter could be effectively recovered by bioaugmentation along with the synthetic substrate supplementation, owing to enhanced polysaccharide-EPS formation and the suppression of competitors. This study would offer a promising strategy to achieve the high-productivity hydrogen production via <em>Clostridium pasteurianum</em> bioaugmentation using algal biomass. This outcome would provide practical implications for the design and operation of dark fermentative hydrogen production from a red algal biomass, and further optimization of bioaugmentation strategies targeting EPS composition and competitors may enable more robust and scalable bio-H<sub>2</sub> production from algal biomass.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 104625"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147386397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-02-10DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2026.104583
Chinmay Patwardhan , Christopher Sørmo , Olav A. Aarstad , Yiwen Li , Georg Kopplin , Aschwin Engelen , Finn L. Aachmann , Nadav Bar
Macroalgae represent a sustainable marine bioresource with significant potential as renewable feedstocks for bioprocessing applications, including pharmaceuticals, food additives, and biofuels. However, most studies focus on single species or hydrolysis routes without linking composition to fermentation-ready sugar concentrations. This study presents a comprehensive compositional analysis of nine European seaweed species (eight brown and one red alga) selected for their industrial relevance, and evaluates optimized hydrolysis strategies to maximize fermentable monosaccharide yields, using L. hyperborea as the model species for bioprocessing applications. Total monosaccharide yield reached 64.59 % DW in L. digitata and 63.81 % in L. hyperborea. Monosaccharide profiles revealed distinct, species-dependent patterns, with kelp species enriched in uronic acids and glucose, Fucus spp. characterized by elevated mannitol and fucose levels, and the red alga Gelidium corneum is dominated by galactose. Hydrolyzates achieved glucose concentrations of up to 17 g/L, surpassing typical thresholds required for efficient microbial fermentation and bioprocessing. Elemental analysis with ICP-MS indicated low toxic metal content (arsenic, lead, cadmium), supporting the suitability of these hydrolyzates as substrates for microbial cultivation. Mass balance analysis accounted for 60%–90% of biomass components, indicating the presence of unquantified compounds that may affect process efficiency. Collectively, this study presents the first cross-species, process-oriented compositional dataset that integrates carbohydrate and elemental analyses, providing a quantitative foundation for selecting seaweed feedstocks and hydrolysis strategies in industrial bioprocessing.
{"title":"Quantitative methods for transforming macroalgal polysaccharides into fermentable sugars: Composition and insights for industrial algal bioprocessing","authors":"Chinmay Patwardhan , Christopher Sørmo , Olav A. Aarstad , Yiwen Li , Georg Kopplin , Aschwin Engelen , Finn L. Aachmann , Nadav Bar","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2026.104583","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2026.104583","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Macroalgae represent a sustainable marine bioresource with significant potential as renewable feedstocks for bioprocessing applications, including pharmaceuticals, food additives, and biofuels. However, most studies focus on single species or hydrolysis routes without linking composition to fermentation-ready sugar concentrations. This study presents a comprehensive compositional analysis of nine European seaweed species (eight brown and one red alga) selected for their industrial relevance, and evaluates optimized hydrolysis strategies to maximize fermentable monosaccharide yields, using <em>L. hyperborea</em> as the model species for bioprocessing applications. Total monosaccharide yield reached 64.59 % DW in <em>L.<!--> <!-->digitata</em> and 63.81 % in <em>L.<!--> <!-->hyperborea</em>. Monosaccharide profiles revealed distinct, species-dependent patterns, with kelp species enriched in uronic acids and glucose, <em>Fucus spp</em>. characterized by elevated mannitol and fucose levels, and the red alga <em>Gelidium corneum</em> is dominated by galactose. Hydrolyzates achieved glucose concentrations of up to 17 g/L, surpassing typical thresholds required for efficient microbial fermentation and bioprocessing. Elemental analysis with ICP-MS indicated low toxic metal content (arsenic, lead, cadmium), supporting the suitability of these hydrolyzates as substrates for microbial cultivation. Mass balance analysis accounted for 60%–90% of biomass components, indicating the presence of unquantified compounds that may affect process efficiency. Collectively, this study presents the first cross-species, process-oriented compositional dataset that integrates carbohydrate and elemental analyses, providing a quantitative foundation for selecting seaweed feedstocks and hydrolysis strategies in industrial bioprocessing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 104583"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147386478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Growing scientific interest in marine-derived bioactives has highlighted brown seaweeds, particularly Sargassum polycystum, as potential sources of cosmetically relevant lipophilic metabolites with cosmetic relevance. This study investigated the chemical composition, protein-ligand interaction potential, and cytocompatibility of the S. polycystum lipophilic fraction, focusing on erucic acid, a monounsaturated long-chain fatty acid. Methanolic extraction followed by liquid–liquid partitioning yielded a lipophilic extract (1.05 ± 0.01% of dry biomass), further fractionated using thin-layer chromatography (TLC)-guided column chromatography. Among six pooled fractions, erucic acid was identified as the dominant constituent in Fraction 4 using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS; match factor = 974) and 1H-nucler magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Molecular docking revealed binding of erucic acid and its Ca2+ complex bind to ASPRV1_HUMAN (SASPase) with moderate affinities (−5.4 and −5.7 kcal/mol, respectively), forming hydrophobic and hydrogen bond interactions without engaging the catalytic residue; this suggests non-inhibitory compatibility with skin hydration pathways. The crude extract maintained >90% HaCaT cell viability at ≤125 μg/mL in an MTT assay with a modestly increased metabolic activity observed at ≤125 μg/mL; erucic acid remained non-toxic at concentrations of 3.91–15.63 μg/mL. Microscopic analysis confirmed normal epithelial morphology at sub-cytotoxic levels. Overall, these findings indicate that erucic acid-containing lipophilic extracts from S. polycystum are non-cytotoxic and skin-compatible under in vitro screening conditions, supporting the future investigation of marine-derived lipophilic compounds using green extraction approaches and advanced skin-relevant biological models.
{"title":"Erucic acid from Sargassum polycystum: in silico and in vitro insights into a marine-derived skin-compatible compound","authors":"Arachaporn Thong-olran , Tiwtawat Napiroon , Phuphiphat Jaikaew , Sumet Kongkiatpaiboon , Ngampuk Tayana , Bongkot Wichachucherd , Markus Bacher , Theppanya Charoenrat , Supenya Chittapun","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2026.104604","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2026.104604","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Growing scientific interest in marine-derived bioactives has highlighted brown seaweeds, particularly <em>Sargassum polycystum</em>, as potential sources of cosmetically relevant lipophilic metabolites with cosmetic relevance. This study investigated the chemical composition, protein-ligand interaction potential, and cytocompatibility of the <em>S. polycystum</em> lipophilic fraction, focusing on erucic acid, a monounsaturated long-chain fatty acid. Methanolic extraction followed by liquid–liquid partitioning yielded a lipophilic extract (1.05 ± 0.01% of dry biomass), further fractionated using thin-layer chromatography (TLC)-guided column chromatography. Among six pooled fractions, erucic acid was identified as the dominant constituent in Fraction 4 using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS; match factor = 974) and <sup>1</sup>H-nucler magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Molecular docking revealed binding of erucic acid and its Ca<sup>2+</sup> complex bind to ASPRV1_HUMAN (SASPase) with moderate affinities (−5.4 and −5.7 kcal/mol, respectively), forming hydrophobic and hydrogen bond interactions without engaging the catalytic residue; this suggests non-inhibitory compatibility with skin hydration pathways. The crude extract maintained >90% HaCaT cell viability at ≤125 μg/mL in an MTT assay with a modestly increased metabolic activity observed at ≤125 μg/mL; erucic acid remained non-toxic at concentrations of 3.91–15.63 μg/mL. Microscopic analysis confirmed normal epithelial morphology at sub-cytotoxic levels. Overall, these findings indicate that erucic acid-containing lipophilic extracts from <em>S. polycystum</em> are non-cytotoxic and skin-compatible under <em>in vitro</em> screening conditions, supporting the future investigation of marine-derived lipophilic compounds using green extraction approaches and advanced skin-relevant biological models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 104604"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147386606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-03-03DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2026.104620
Mohneesh Kalwani , Milada Vítová
Microalgae are ubiquitous, photosynthetic, and fast-growing microorganisms with various industrial uses, including bioenergy, pharmaceuticals, cosmeceuticals, and nutraceuticals. They play a versatile role in wastewater treatment by absorbing nutrients and breaking down toxic contaminants into simpler forms, which can then be used for their growth and development. Consequently, microalgae could contribute to a greener environment by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and preventing industrial discharges of toxic chemicals into freshwater sources. Their application in wastewater treatment, contaminant remediation and biomass enrichment supports the principles of a circular bioeconomy and zero waste discharge, making these practices technically and socially feasible. However, pilot-scale cultivation and effective wastewater treatment depend on various environmental and operational factors. Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning (AI/ML) models are practical and heuristic tools that offer innovative solutions through monitoring, prediction, and control. They also aid in species identification and process optimization for wastewater phycoremediation and biomass valorisation. This review explores current AI/ML applications in microalgal wastewater treatment, contaminant remediation and biomass enrichment, emphasizing promising models and technologies that promote a circular economy. Future developments in AI/ML will improve predictive models, enable real-time system optimization, and integrate IoT (Internet of Things) technologies. Ongoing AI-driven research has the potential to address current challenges, making solutions more efficient, scalable, and practical, ultimately supporting a sustainable global future sustainability. Additionally, the multidisciplinary aspect of studying microalgae cultivation for wastewater and contaminant remediation, as well as biomass valorisation, could serve as a valuable reference for researchers from academia and industry.
{"title":"Artificial Intelligence–driven microalgal biorefineries: Advancing wastewater phycoremediation toward sustainable biofuel and high-value product generation","authors":"Mohneesh Kalwani , Milada Vítová","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2026.104620","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2026.104620","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microalgae are ubiquitous, photosynthetic, and fast-growing microorganisms with various industrial uses, including bioenergy, pharmaceuticals, cosmeceuticals, and nutraceuticals. They play a versatile role in wastewater treatment by absorbing nutrients and breaking down toxic contaminants into simpler forms, which can then be used for their growth and development. Consequently, microalgae could contribute to a greener environment by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and preventing industrial discharges of toxic chemicals into freshwater sources. Their application in wastewater treatment, contaminant remediation and biomass enrichment supports the principles of a circular bioeconomy and zero waste discharge, making these practices technically and socially feasible. However, pilot-scale cultivation and effective wastewater treatment depend on various environmental and operational factors. Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning (AI/ML) models are practical and heuristic tools that offer innovative solutions through monitoring, prediction, and control. They also aid in species identification and process optimization for wastewater phycoremediation and biomass valorisation. This review explores current AI/ML applications in microalgal wastewater treatment, contaminant remediation and biomass enrichment, emphasizing promising models and technologies that promote a circular economy. Future developments in AI/ML will improve predictive models, enable real-time system optimization, and integrate IoT (Internet of Things) technologies. Ongoing AI-driven research has the potential to address current challenges, making solutions more efficient, scalable, and practical, ultimately supporting a sustainable global future sustainability. Additionally, the multidisciplinary aspect of studying microalgae cultivation for wastewater and contaminant remediation, as well as biomass valorisation, could serve as a valuable reference for researchers from academia and industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 104620"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147386335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-02-06DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2026.104571
Nazila Soufi Amlashi , Fahad Rajab Mahmood , Mirza R. Baig , Tina Saeed Basunduwah , Pareshkumar N. Patel , Gulsara Ruziyeva , Gunjan Singh , Muhammad Shahid Iqbal , Munthar Kadhem , Amirali Ebrahimi
Background and aims
Spirulina, a nutrient-dense cyanobacterium, has gained global attention for its potential therapeutic effects on cardiometabolic health, inflammation, and oxidative stress. This umbrella review aimed to evaluate the impact of Spirulina on health outcomes.
Methods
We conducted this umbrella review through a comprehensive database search to identify meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCT) evaluating Spirulina ‘s effects on health outcomes. Eligible studies included quantitative syntheses of oral Spirulina supplementation versus control. Analyses were performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software version 3.7. Hedges’ g was primarily used as the effect size metric and statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Heterogeneity was evaluated using the I2 statistic, and a power analysis was conducted to evaluate the statistical robustness of each meta-analysis.
Results
From 131 identified studies, 12 meta-analyses (5–17 RCTs, 240–1500 participants, 2–52 weeks, 0.2–30 g/day Spirulina) were included. Spirulina exerted its greatest and most significant effect on body fat reduction (Hedges' g = −0.811, P < 0.001). Other notable and statistically significant benefits included reductions in TC, TG, LDL (all Hedges' g = − 0.600, P = 0.001), SBP (Hedges' g = − 0.432, P < 0.001), WC (Hedges'g = − 0.247, P < 0.001), and BMI (Hedges' g = − 0.058, P = 0.008). Spirulina also enhanced IL-2 (Hedges' g = 2.690, P = 0.029) and SOD activity (Hedges' g = 0.720, P = 0.057), while effects on TNF-α (Hedges'g = − 0.070, P = 0.589) and IL-6 (Hedges' g = − 0.720, P = 0.071) were not statistically significant.
Conclusion
The findings demonstrated that Spirulina supplementation (0.2–30 g/day, 2–52 weeks) significantly reduces body fat, improves lipid profiles and blood pressure, and enhances immune function, supporting its role as an effective nutritional intervention for cardiometabolic health, though its anti-inflammatory effects remain inconclusive and warrant further investigation.
背景和目的螺旋藻是一种营养丰富的蓝藻，因其对心脏代谢健康、炎症和氧化应激的潜在治疗作用而受到全球关注。本综述旨在评估螺旋藻对健康结果的影响。方法：我们通过一个全面的数据库检索来进行这一总括性综述，以确定评估螺旋藻对健康结果影响的随机对照试验（RCT）的荟萃分析。符合条件的研究包括口服螺旋藻补充剂与对照组的定量合成。采用3.7版综合元分析（CMA）软件进行分析。效应大小度量主要采用Hedges’g，统计学显著性设置为P <； 0.05。使用I2统计量评估异质性，并进行功率分析以评估每个meta分析的统计稳健性。结果从131项确定的研究中纳入了12项荟萃分析（5-17项随机对照试验，240-1500名受试者，2-52周，0.2-30 g/天螺旋藻）。螺旋藻对体脂的降低效果最大且最显著（Hedges’g = - 0.811, P < 0.001）。其他显著和统计学上显著的益处包括降低TC、TG、LDL（所有Hedges'g = - 0.600, P = 0.001）、收缩压（Hedges'g = - 0.432, P < 0.001）、WC （Hedges'g = - 0.247, P < 0.001）和BMI （Hedges'g = - 0.058, P = 0.008）。螺旋藻还能提高IL-2 （Hedges’g = 2.690, P = 0.029）和SOD活性（Hedges’g = 0.720, P = 0.057），而对TNF-α （Hedges’g = - 0.070, P = 0.589）和IL-6 （Hedges’g = - 0.720, P = 0.071）的影响无统计学意义。结论补充螺旋藻（0.2-30 g/天，2-52周）可显著降低体脂，改善血脂和血压，增强免疫功能，支持其作为有效的心脏代谢健康营养干预的作用，但其抗炎作用尚不明确，有待进一步研究。
{"title":"Spirulina supplementation and human health: An umbrella review of meta-analysis on randomized controlled trials","authors":"Nazila Soufi Amlashi , Fahad Rajab Mahmood , Mirza R. Baig , Tina Saeed Basunduwah , Pareshkumar N. Patel , Gulsara Ruziyeva , Gunjan Singh , Muhammad Shahid Iqbal , Munthar Kadhem , Amirali Ebrahimi","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2026.104571","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2026.104571","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aims</h3><div>Spirulina, a nutrient-dense cyanobacterium, has gained global attention for its potential therapeutic effects on cardiometabolic health, inflammation, and oxidative stress. This umbrella review aimed to evaluate the impact of Spirulina on health outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted this umbrella review through a comprehensive database search to identify meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCT) evaluating Spirulina ‘s effects on health outcomes. Eligible studies included quantitative syntheses of oral Spirulina supplementation versus control. Analyses were performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software version 3.7. Hedges’ g was primarily used as the effect size metric and statistical significance was set at <em>P</em> < 0.05. Heterogeneity was evaluated using the I<sup>2</sup> statistic, and a power analysis was conducted to evaluate the statistical robustness of each meta-analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>From 131 identified studies, 12 meta-analyses (5–17 RCTs, 240–1500 participants, 2–52 weeks, 0.2–30 g/day Spirulina) were included. Spirulina exerted its greatest and most significant effect on body fat reduction (Hedges' g = −0.811, <em>P</em> < 0.001). Other notable and statistically significant benefits included reductions in TC, TG, LDL (all Hedges' g = − 0.600, <em>P</em> = 0.001), SBP (Hedges' g = − 0.432, P < 0.001), WC (Hedges'g = − 0.247, P < 0.001), and BMI (Hedges' g = − 0.058, <em>P</em> = 0.008). Spirulina also enhanced IL-2 (Hedges' g = 2.690, <em>P</em> = 0.029) and SOD activity (Hedges' g = 0.720, <em>P</em> = 0.057), while effects on TNF-α (Hedges'g = − 0.070, <em>P</em> = 0.589) and IL-6 (Hedges' g = − 0.720, <em>P</em> = 0.071) were not statistically significant.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The findings demonstrated that Spirulina supplementation (0.2–30 g/day, 2–52 weeks) significantly reduces body fat, improves lipid profiles and blood pressure, and enhances immune function, supporting its role as an effective nutritional intervention for cardiometabolic health, though its anti-inflammatory effects remain inconclusive and warrant further investigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 104571"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147386339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-02-24DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2026.104606
Jianxin Tang , Zhiwen Sun , Zizhou Zhang , Jinghan Wang , Fantao Kong , Zhanyou Chi
Machine learning (ML) has emerged as a critical tool for optimizing microalgal cultivation processes, surpassing traditional modeling approaches due to its capability in handling nonlinearity and multivariable interactions. This review systematically examines ML applications in enhancing biomass and high-value metabolite production, offering a critical perspective. It first establishes a task-oriented framework for selecting ML algorithms tailored to specific cultivation tasks. It then provides an in-depth analysis of current applications and limitations of ML across key areas: strain screening, growth prediction and optimization, monitoring of growth stages and physiological states, and real-time control. Issues such as optimistic estimation bias arising from improper validation and poor reproducibility/generalizability due to data heterogeneity and scarcity are often overlooked. Consequently, this review argues that the field must shift its focus from the pursuit of standalone predictive accuracy toward the development of trustworthy ML systems. This shift necessitates establishing standardized benchmarks and shared databases for fair evaluation, alongside the integration of multi-omics, process dynamics, and other multimodal data with intelligent control architectures. This review thus serves as a comprehensive guide and strategic roadmap, equipping the research community to tackle prevailing challenges and advance toward adaptive, data-driven microalgal cultivation systems.
{"title":"Machine learning for optimizing biomass and high-value metabolite production in microalgal biotechnology: A review","authors":"Jianxin Tang , Zhiwen Sun , Zizhou Zhang , Jinghan Wang , Fantao Kong , Zhanyou Chi","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2026.104606","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2026.104606","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Machine learning (ML) has emerged as a critical tool for optimizing microalgal cultivation processes, surpassing traditional modeling approaches due to its capability in handling nonlinearity and multivariable interactions. This review systematically examines ML applications in enhancing biomass and high-value metabolite production, offering a critical perspective. It first establishes a task-oriented framework for selecting ML algorithms tailored to specific cultivation tasks. It then provides an in-depth analysis of current applications and limitations of ML across key areas: strain screening, growth prediction and optimization, monitoring of growth stages and physiological states, and real-time control. Issues such as optimistic estimation bias arising from improper validation and poor reproducibility/generalizability due to data heterogeneity and scarcity are often overlooked. Consequently, this review argues that the field must shift its focus from the pursuit of standalone predictive accuracy toward the development of trustworthy ML systems. This shift necessitates establishing standardized benchmarks and shared databases for fair evaluation, alongside the integration of multi-omics, process dynamics, and other multimodal data with intelligent control architectures. This review thus serves as a comprehensive guide and strategic roadmap, equipping the research community to tackle prevailing challenges and advance toward adaptive, data-driven microalgal cultivation systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 104606"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147386340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-02-25DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2026.104614
Alzbeta Marcek Chorvatova , Martin Uherek , Anton Mateasik , Jaroslav Bruncko , Ildiko Matusikova , Jana Sedlakova-Kadukova
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized by distinct routes differ in surface chemistry, which may reshape algal photophysiology and redox balance. The effect of biologically produced AgNPs (Agbio) was compared to chemically reduced citrate-capped AgNPs (Agchem), and/or to laser-ablated AgNPs (Agphys) on Chlorella vulgaris as a model organism to understand the nanoparticle effects in aquatic environments. UV–VIS absorption spectroscopy, spectrally resolved laser-scanning confocal microscopy of red chlorophyll fluorescence, chlorophyll fluorescence-lifetime imaging (FLIM), flavin autofluorescence imaging, and time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC) of NAD(P)H were combined to resolve their effects, while scanning electron microscopy provided morphological context. The absorption maxima appeared at 407 nm, 410 nm, and 412 nm for Agphys, Agbio, and Agchem, respectively. Agbio produced the strongest suppression of red chlorophyll fluorescence peaking at 680 nm. FLIM recorded with a BP of 700 ± 20 nm, following excitation by a 445 nm ps laser, uncovered specific dynamics over 7 days. Flavin fluorescence, monitored between 483 and 632 nm, rose immediately for Agchem/Agphys but became significant only at Day 7 for Agbio. NAD(P)H fluorescence lifetimes recorded by TCSPC at 420–680 nm (405 nm excitation) revealed an acute drop in NAD(P)H photon counts at Day 1 and a universal increase of Tau1; Tau2 rose persistently for Agbio, increased transiently for Agphys, and showed no sustained elevation for Agchem. The data support a two-phase redox response – early compensation followed by particle-dependent depletion or re-equilibration - and indicate a phototoxicity ranking Agbio > Agchem ≈ Agphys under our exposure conditions. Gathered results show that the synthesis route is a primary determinant of algal responses.
{"title":"Synthesis-dependent effects of silver nanoparticles on the green freshwater alga Chlorella vulgaris","authors":"Alzbeta Marcek Chorvatova , Martin Uherek , Anton Mateasik , Jaroslav Bruncko , Ildiko Matusikova , Jana Sedlakova-Kadukova","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2026.104614","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2026.104614","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized by distinct routes differ in surface chemistry, which may reshape algal photophysiology and redox balance. The effect of biologically produced AgNPs (Agbio) was compared to chemically reduced citrate-capped AgNPs (Agchem), and/or to laser-ablated AgNPs (Agphys) on <em>Chlorella vulgaris</em> as a model organism to understand the nanoparticle effects in aquatic environments. UV–VIS absorption spectroscopy, spectrally resolved laser-scanning confocal microscopy of red chlorophyll fluorescence, chlorophyll fluorescence-lifetime imaging (FLIM), flavin autofluorescence imaging, and time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC) of NAD(<em>P</em>)H were combined to resolve their effects, while scanning electron microscopy provided morphological context. The absorption maxima appeared at 407 nm, 410 nm, and 412 nm for Agphys, Agbio, and Agchem, respectively. Agbio produced the strongest suppression of red chlorophyll fluorescence peaking at 680 nm. FLIM recorded with a BP of 700 ± 20 nm, following excitation by a 445 nm ps laser, uncovered specific dynamics over 7 days. Flavin fluorescence, monitored between 483 and 632 nm, rose immediately for Agchem/Agphys but became significant only at Day 7 for Agbio. NAD(<em>P</em>)H fluorescence lifetimes recorded by TCSPC at 420–680 nm (405 nm excitation) revealed an acute drop in NAD(<em>P</em>)H photon counts at Day 1 and a universal increase of Tau1; Tau2 rose persistently for Agbio, increased transiently for Agphys, and showed no sustained elevation for Agchem. The data support a two-phase redox response – early compensation followed by particle-dependent depletion or re-equilibration - and indicate a phototoxicity ranking Agbio > Agchem ≈ Agphys under our exposure conditions. Gathered results show that the synthesis route is a primary determinant of algal responses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 104614"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147386544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-03-10DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2026.104642
Min Wang , Zhe Zhang , Hengyuan Chen , Jiayang Cui , Longzao Luo , Shuangshuang Zhu , Huabao Zheng
Microalgal bacterial biofilms represent a competitive technology for wastewater treatment. This study investigated the impact of different ammonia stress levels (150, 220, and 300 mg/L) on the development and performance of such biofilms in piggery wastewater. Moderate ammonia stress (220 mg/L) was identified as optimal for biofilm formation. Biofilms under this condition exhibited an optimal architecture, as evidenced by SEM imaging, along with elevated levels of polysaccharides and c-di-GMP. While microalgal growth was promoted under low ammonia stress but inhibited under high stress, biofilm development was accelerated under high-stress conditions. During Stage I (batch cultivation), the highest removal efficiencies for NH₄+-N and TP were achieved under moderate stress, reaching 20.73±2.33 and 3.59±0.65 mg/(L·d), respectively. Ammonia stress significantly shaped the microbial community during Stage II (sequential cultivation) but had limited influence during Stage I. In Stage I, Chryseobacterium dominated across all systems. In Stage II, under low stress the dominant genus shifted from Comamonas (day 12) to Brevundimonas (day 18); under moderate stress, Sphingomonas, Devosia, and Brevundimonas prevailed; and under high stress, Brevundimonas and Paenibacillus were dominant. Correlation analysis indicated that Devosia, Brevundimonas, and Comamonas were associated with biofilm formation, whereas Chryseobacterium, Brevundimonas, and Comamonas mainly supported microalgal growth. Psychrobacter was linked to nitrogen removal. Overall, this study elucidates the molecular communication and bacterial community succession in microalgal bacterial biofilms under varying ammonia stress.
{"title":"The effect of ammonia stress and the role of c-di-GMP on microalgal bacterial biofilm formation","authors":"Min Wang , Zhe Zhang , Hengyuan Chen , Jiayang Cui , Longzao Luo , Shuangshuang Zhu , Huabao Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.algal.2026.104642","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.algal.2026.104642","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microalgal bacterial biofilms represent a competitive technology for wastewater treatment. This study investigated the impact of different ammonia stress levels (150, 220, and 300 mg/L) on the development and performance of such biofilms in piggery wastewater. Moderate ammonia stress (220 mg/L) was identified as optimal for biofilm formation. Biofilms under this condition exhibited an optimal architecture, as evidenced by SEM imaging, along with elevated levels of polysaccharides and <em>c</em>-di-GMP. While microalgal growth was promoted under low ammonia stress but inhibited under high stress, biofilm development was accelerated under high-stress conditions. During Stage I (batch cultivation), the highest removal efficiencies for NH₄<sup>+</sup>-N and TP were achieved under moderate stress, reaching 20.73±2.33 and 3.59±0.65 mg/(L·d), respectively. Ammonia stress significantly shaped the microbial community during Stage II (sequential cultivation) but had limited influence during Stage I. In Stage I, <em>Chryseobacterium</em> dominated across all systems. In Stage II, under low stress the dominant genus shifted from <em>Comamonas</em> (day 12) to <em>Brevundimonas</em> (day 18); under moderate stress, <em>Sphingomonas</em>, <em>Devosia</em>, and <em>Brevundimonas</em> prevailed; and under high stress, <em>Brevundimonas</em> and <em>Paenibacillus</em> were dominant. Correlation analysis indicated that <em>Devosia</em>, <em>Brevundimonas</em>, and <em>Comamonas</em> were associated with biofilm formation, whereas <em>Chryseobacterium</em>, <em>Brevundimonas</em>, and <em>Comamonas</em> mainly supported microalgal growth. <em>Psychrobacter</em> was linked to nitrogen removal. Overall, this study elucidates the molecular communication and bacterial community succession in microalgal bacterial biofilms under varying ammonia stress.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7855,"journal":{"name":"Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 104642"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147386546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号