Pub Date : 2025-12-22DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116619
W. Bendowski , M. Zielińska-Górska , M. Roguski , M. Asztemborski , Ł. Gruz , A. Łozicki
This study aimed to investigate the effects of yeast-based, and phytogenic additives on immunity, activity, and production performance in young fattening bulls. The experiment involved ninety-six Limousine bulls (weight 400 ± 30 kg), divided into eight groups (12 animals each). It lasted 160 days and was divided into two phases. In the first phase (days 1–80), animals received standard diet with dietary additives: control (CON - no additive), symbiotic yeast (Y1 −5 g/kg DM TMR), selenium-enriched yeast (Y2 - 3.5 g/kg DM TMR), dried chokeberry pomace (CB1 – 13 g/kg DM TMR, CB2 – 22 g/kg DM TMR), herbal mixtures (H1 - 9 g/kg DM TMR, H2 - 13 g/kg DM TMR), and a combination of chokeberry pomace and herbs (CBH-13 g + 9 g/kg DM TMR). The herbal mixture contained marshmallow leaves, lovage root, thyme, and garlic. In the second phase (days 81–160), all animals were fed only standard diet to assess the residual effects of the additives. Animal activity was continuously monitored during the experiment. Weight measurements and blood samples were taken at 40, 80, and 160 days to assess antioxidant potential, immunoglobulin levels and biochemical markers. H2 showed the highest daily weight gain for both stages, while the CON had the lowest (p ≤ 0.01). At the end of the experiment, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was higher in H1, while IgG increased in Y2, CB1, H1, and CBH groups compare to CON. IgM and IgA were higher in H1 and H2 (p ≤ 0.01). Futhermore, animals in CB2 and H1 groups spent less time feeding and ruminating but were more inactive. In conclusion, the study demonstrated that natural additives can positively influenced growth, health indicators, antioxidant potential, and animal behavior, even 80 days after their withdrawal.
{"title":"Comparison of the impact of yeast products, herbs, and dried chokeberry on growth performance, antioxidant and immune status, feeding activity, and residual effects in young fattening bulls","authors":"W. Bendowski , M. Zielińska-Górska , M. Roguski , M. Asztemborski , Ł. Gruz , A. Łozicki","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116619","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116619","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to investigate the effects of yeast-based, and phytogenic additives on immunity, activity, and production performance in young fattening bulls. The experiment involved ninety-six Limousine bulls (weight 400 ± 30 kg), divided into eight groups (12 animals each). It lasted 160 days and was divided into two phases. In the first phase (days 1–80), animals received standard diet with dietary additives: control (CON - no additive), symbiotic yeast (Y1 −5 g/kg DM TMR), selenium-enriched yeast (Y2 - 3.5 g/kg DM TMR), dried chokeberry pomace (CB1 – 13 g/kg DM TMR, CB2 – 22 g/kg DM TMR), herbal mixtures (H1 - 9 g/kg DM TMR, H2 - 13 g/kg DM TMR), and a combination of chokeberry pomace and herbs (CBH-13 g + 9 g/kg DM TMR). The herbal mixture contained marshmallow leaves, lovage root, thyme, and garlic. In the second phase (days 81–160), all animals were fed only standard diet to assess the residual effects of the additives. Animal activity was continuously monitored during the experiment. Weight measurements and blood samples were taken at 40, 80, and 160 days to assess antioxidant potential, immunoglobulin levels and biochemical markers. H2 showed the highest daily weight gain for both stages, while the CON had the lowest (p ≤ 0.01). At the end of the experiment, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was higher in H1, while IgG increased in Y2, CB1, H1, and CBH groups compare to CON. IgM and IgA were higher in H1 and H2 (p ≤ 0.01). Futhermore, animals in CB2 and H1 groups spent less time feeding and ruminating but were more inactive. In conclusion, the study demonstrated that natural additives can positively influenced growth, health indicators, antioxidant potential, and animal behavior, even 80 days after their withdrawal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"332 ","pages":"Article 116619"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145837715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-22DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116620
X.L. Zhang, X.T. Guan, Y.X. Cao, J.X. Ma, D. Gnagna, X.J. Yin, Y. Li
This study investigated the effects of dietary silibinin (SLB) supplementation on growth performance, immune status, stress-related plasma biomarkers, and gut microflora composition in Holstein calves. Twenty neonatal female Holstein calves (initial body weight: 42.18 ± 2.65 kg) were assigned to two dietary treatments using a randomized block design, stratified by age and weight. The control group (CON; n = 10) received a basal diet with hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (vehicle). The experimental group (n = 10) received the basal diet supplemented with 3.25 mg SLB per kg body weight as a feed additive. During the 61-day experimental period, the calves had ad libitum access to starter feed and water while housed in individual 1.5 m³ calf pens, with rice husks used as bedding, which was replaced every two days. The calves were weaned 56 days of age. Significant improvements in growth performance, including greater final body weight, higher average daily gain, and increased dry matter intake in the pre-weaning phase, were observed with SLB supplementation. Additionally, SLB enhanced fecal scores, antioxidant status and immune function during milk feeding. Plasma analyses revealed reduced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) and lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde), alongside increased immunoglobulin levels (IgG, IgM) and total superoxide dismutase activity. Furthermore, SLB supplementation improved fecal pH and increased fecal volatile fatty acid concentration both pre- and post-weaning. Microflora analysis indicated minimal shifts in dominant phyla within the hindgut pre- and post-weaning. However, SLB supplementation increased the relative abundance of Bacteroidota while decreasing Firmicutes and Actinobacteriota. At the genus level, SLB increased UCG-005, Lachnoclostridium, Prevotella, and Ruminococcus, but decreased Lactobacillus and Peptoclostridium. Metabolomic analysis of the fecal samples indicated that SLB induced enrichment in pathways for flavonoid biosynthesis, secondary bile acid biosynthesis, and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. It increased the production of bile acid metabolites, amino acids, and nicotinic acid, while reducing concentrations of malic acid and citric acid. These results demonstrate that SLB supplementation mitigates stress responses and deleterious effects associated with weaning by enhancing growth performance, antioxidant capacity, gut microflora composition, and intestinal health parameters in dairy calves. This study provides valuable insights into the potential application of SLB in young ruminant nutrition.
{"title":"Silibinin supplementation alleviates weaning stress in Holstein calves through improved growth, antioxidant response, and gut microbiota","authors":"X.L. Zhang, X.T. Guan, Y.X. Cao, J.X. Ma, D. Gnagna, X.J. Yin, Y. Li","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116620","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116620","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the effects of dietary silibinin (SLB) supplementation on growth performance, immune status, stress-related plasma biomarkers, and gut microflora composition in Holstein calves. Twenty neonatal female Holstein calves (initial body weight: 42.18 ± 2.65 kg) were assigned to two dietary treatments using a randomized block design, stratified by age and weight. The control group (CON; n = 10) received a basal diet with hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (vehicle). The experimental group (n = 10) received the basal diet supplemented with 3.25 mg SLB per kg body weight as a feed additive. During the 61-day experimental period, the calves had ad libitum access to starter feed and water while housed in individual 1.5 m³ calf pens, with rice husks used as bedding, which was replaced every two days. The calves were weaned 56 days of age. Significant improvements in growth performance, including greater final body weight, higher average daily gain, and increased dry matter intake in the pre-weaning phase, were observed with SLB supplementation. Additionally, SLB enhanced fecal scores, antioxidant status and immune function during milk feeding. Plasma analyses revealed reduced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) and lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde), alongside increased immunoglobulin levels (IgG, IgM) and total superoxide dismutase activity. Furthermore, SLB supplementation improved fecal pH and increased fecal volatile fatty acid concentration both pre- and post-weaning. Microflora analysis indicated minimal shifts in dominant phyla within the hindgut pre- and post-weaning. However, SLB supplementation increased the relative abundance of <em>Bacteroidota</em> while decreasing <em>Firmicutes</em> and <em>Actinobacteriota</em>. At the genus level, SLB increased <em>UCG-005, Lachnoclostridium</em>, <em>Prevotella</em>, and <em>Ruminococcus</em>, but decreased <em>Lactobacillus</em> and <em>Peptoclostridium</em>. Metabolomic analysis of the fecal samples indicated that SLB induced enrichment in pathways for flavonoid biosynthesis, secondary bile acid biosynthesis, and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. It increased the production of bile acid metabolites, amino acids, and nicotinic acid, while reducing concentrations of malic acid and citric acid. These results demonstrate that SLB supplementation mitigates stress responses and deleterious effects associated with weaning by enhancing growth performance, antioxidant capacity, gut microflora composition, and intestinal health parameters in dairy calves. This study provides valuable insights into the potential application of SLB in young ruminant nutrition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"333 ","pages":"Article 116620"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145883167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-22DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116623
Zhihong Liao , Mengdie Chen , Xinyu Gu , Xiaomin Li , Wenrui Zhang , Tao Ye , Wei Zhao , Maolong He , Dong Li , Jin Niu
Climate change-induced cold snaps threaten the Penaeus monodon industry. This study examined the impact of three dietary protein levels (42 %, 44 %, 47 %) at two temperature conditions (27–30°C or 19–21°C). Following an 8-week feeding trial, the findings revealed that low temperature (19–21°C) significantly reduced growth, feed utilization, and digestive enzyme activity, but enhanced antioxidant and immune functions, shown by lower malondialdehyde (MDA) and higher total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), and lysozyme (LZM). Both 44 % and 47 % protein levels improved growth and survival regardless of temperature. Conversely, at a culture temperature of 27–30°C, an increase in protein levels resulted in elevated MDA content in Penaeus monodon. At low temperature (19–21°C), MDA contents remained unchanged (P > 0.05), while antioxidant capacity initially rose and then fell with higher protein levels. This indicated that Penaeus monodon's physiology and metabolism at low temperature (19–21°C) differ significantly from those at normal temperature (27–30°C). Transcriptomic analysis (47 % protein) revealed temperature-induced differentially expressed genes primarily involved in glucose/lipid metabolism, growth, antioxidant pathways, and immunity. This suggests protein supplementation is necessary under low temperature, but protein oversupply at normal temperature induces oxidative damage.
{"title":"Impact of dietary protein levels and temperature on growth and physiology of Penaeus monodon","authors":"Zhihong Liao , Mengdie Chen , Xinyu Gu , Xiaomin Li , Wenrui Zhang , Tao Ye , Wei Zhao , Maolong He , Dong Li , Jin Niu","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116623","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116623","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate change-induced cold snaps threaten the <em>Penaeus monodon</em> industry. This study examined the impact of three dietary protein levels (42 %, 44 %, 47 %) at two temperature conditions (27–30°C or 19–21°C). Following an 8-week feeding trial, the findings revealed that low temperature (19–21°C) significantly reduced growth, feed utilization, and digestive enzyme activity, but enhanced antioxidant and immune functions, shown by lower malondialdehyde (MDA) and higher total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), and lysozyme (LZM). Both 44 % and 47 % protein levels improved growth and survival regardless of temperature. Conversely, at a culture temperature of 27–30°C, an increase in protein levels resulted in elevated MDA content in <em>Penaeus monodon.</em> At low temperature (19–21°C), MDA contents remained unchanged (<em>P</em> > 0.05), while antioxidant capacity initially rose and then fell with higher protein levels. This indicated that <em>Penaeus monodon</em>'s physiology and metabolism at low temperature (19–21°C) differ significantly from those at normal temperature (27–30°C). Transcriptomic analysis (47 % protein) revealed temperature-induced differentially expressed genes primarily involved in glucose/lipid metabolism, growth, antioxidant pathways, and immunity. This suggests protein supplementation is necessary under low temperature, but protein oversupply at normal temperature induces oxidative damage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"332 ","pages":"Article 116623"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145837479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study evaluated the effects of graded levels of camelina seed pods (CSP) on rumen fermentation parameters, blood metabolites, microbial protein synthesis (MPS), feeding behavior, nutrient intake and growth performance in fattening lambs. Forty Afshari male lambs (22.6 ± 2.21 kg BW; 101 ± 10 d of age) were assigned to four isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diets containing 0, 80, 160, or 240 g CSP/kg dry matter (DM). Ruminal fermentation was characterized by an elevation in propionate concentration (L, P = 0.04), which consequently led to a reduction in the acetate-to-propionate ratio (P = 0.04), while concentrations of other volatile fatty acids remained unaffected. Plasma glucose concentration exhibited a positive linear response (L, P = 0.04), whereas other blood metabolites were unchanged (P > 0.05). Absorbed purine derivatives and MPS increased linearly with CSP supplementation (L, P = 0.03). Feeding behavior analysis showed a linear decline in rumination and chewing time relative to dry matter intake with no effect on eating time (P > 0.05). Increasing dietary CSP inclusion resulted in a linear increase in non-fiber carbohydrate and rumen degradable protein intake (L, P = 0.01), accompanied by reductions in neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent lignin and rumen undegradable protein intake (L, P = 0.01). Growth performance improved, with average daily gain increasing linearly from 292 g/d in CSP0–310 g/d in CSP240 (L, P = 0.05), while feed conversion ratio remained unaffected (P > 0.05). Although our results demonstrated the possibility of including CSP in lamb diets up to 240 g/kg without negative effects on overall performance, the noticeable changes in feeding behavior and the rumen fermentation process require further research to understand their long-term effects on digestive health. CSP inclusion enhances nutrient utilization, improves ruminal fermentation efficiency, and increases microbial protein yield, thereby representing a sustainable alternative feed resource in small ruminant production systems.
本研究旨在评价分级添加亚麻荠籽荚（CSP）对育肥羔羊瘤胃发酵参数、血液代谢产物、微生物蛋白合成（MPS）、摄食行为、营养摄入和生长性能的影响。选取体重22.6 ± 2.21 kg体重，101 ± 10日龄的40只阿夫沙里公羔羊，分别饲喂4种等能等氮饲粮，分别为0、80、160和240 g CSP/kg干物质（DM）。瘤胃发酵的特点是丙酸浓度升高（L, P = 0.04），从而导致乙酸与丙酸的比例降低（P = 0.04），而其他挥发性脂肪酸的浓度未受影响。血浆葡萄糖浓度呈线性正响应（L, P = 0.04），而其他血液代谢物没有变化（P >； 0.05）。吸收嘌呤衍生物和MPS随添加CSP呈线性增加（L, P = 0.03）。摄食行为分析显示，相对于干物质采食量，反刍和咀嚼时间呈线性下降，对进食时间无影响（P >； 0.05）。增加饲粮CSP添加量导致非纤维碳水化合物和瘤胃可降解蛋白质摄入量呈线性增加（L, P = 0.01），同时中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤木质素和瘤胃不可降解蛋白质摄入量降低（L, P = 0.01）。生长性能得到改善，平均日增重从csp0 ~ CSP240的292 g/d上升至310 g/d (L, P = 0.05)，呈线性增长（P >； 0.05），饲料系数未受影响（P >； 0.05）。虽然我们的研究结果表明，在羔羊日粮中添加高达240 g/kg的CSP可能不会对整体生产性能产生负面影响，但其对饲养行为和瘤胃发酵过程的显著变化需要进一步研究，以了解其对消化系统健康的长期影响。CSP包埋提高了养分利用率，提高了瘤胃发酵效率，提高了微生物蛋白产量，因此在小反刍动物生产系统中代表了一种可持续的替代饲料资源。
{"title":"Dietary substitution of conventional forage resources with camelina seed pods as a novel feed ingredient on rumen parameters, blood metabolites, microbial protein synthesis, nutrient intake, growth performance and behavioral responses in fattening lambs","authors":"Ayoub Azizi , Alireza Jolazadeh , Afrooz Sharifi , Mohammad Javad Khalifeh","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116617","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116617","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study evaluated the effects of graded levels of camelina seed pods (CSP) on rumen fermentation parameters, blood metabolites, microbial protein synthesis (MPS), feeding behavior, nutrient intake and growth performance in fattening lambs. Forty Afshari male lambs (22.6 ± 2.21 kg BW; 101 ± 10 d of age) were assigned to four isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diets containing 0, 80, 160, or 240 g CSP/kg dry matter (DM). Ruminal fermentation was characterized by an elevation in propionate concentration (L, <em>P</em> = 0.04), which consequently led to a reduction in the acetate-to-propionate ratio (<em>P</em> = 0.04), while concentrations of other volatile fatty acids remained unaffected. Plasma glucose concentration exhibited a positive linear response (L, <em>P</em> = 0.04), whereas other blood metabolites were unchanged (<em>P</em> > 0.05). Absorbed purine derivatives and MPS increased linearly with CSP supplementation (L, <em>P</em> = 0.03). Feeding behavior analysis showed a linear decline in rumination and chewing time relative to dry matter intake with no effect on eating time (P > 0.05). Increasing dietary CSP inclusion resulted in a linear increase in non-fiber carbohydrate and rumen degradable protein intake (L, <em>P</em> = 0.01), accompanied by reductions in neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent lignin and rumen undegradable protein intake (L, <em>P</em> = 0.01). Growth performance improved, with average daily gain increasing linearly from 292 g/d in CSP0–310 g/d in CSP240 (L, <em>P</em> = 0.05), while feed conversion ratio remained unaffected (<em>P</em> > 0.05). Although our results demonstrated the possibility of including CSP in lamb diets up to 240 g/kg without negative effects on overall performance, the noticeable changes in feeding behavior and the rumen fermentation process require further research to understand their long-term effects on digestive health. CSP inclusion enhances nutrient utilization, improves ruminal fermentation efficiency, and increases microbial protein yield, thereby representing a sustainable alternative feed resource in small ruminant production systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"332 ","pages":"Article 116617"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145837714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-20DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116613
S. Usman , Y. Zhang , N. Abdelraheem , P. Wu , S.J. Umar , R.Y. Aderinboye , D. Xu , Y.Y. Shen
The utilization of sorghum silage is constrained by its high fiber content and relatively low crude protein (CP). To address these challenges, this study incorporated whole-plant soybean to improve the CP content and inoculated the silage with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum A1 (a producer of fiber-degrading ferulic acid esterase (FAE) enzyme) to enhance the breakdown of structural carbohydrates. In the initial in vitro experiment, whole-plant soybean was incorporated at 0 %, 25 %, and 50 % levels, either uninoculated or inoculated with L. plantarum A1 at 5 × 10⁶ CFU/g fresh weight. Subsequently, four dietary treatments were made from the silages: 1. uninoculated 0 % whole-plant soybean incorporated sorghum silage (uninoculated 0 % SI-diet), 2. Uninoculated 50 % whole-plant soybean incorporated sorghum silage (uninoculated 50 % SI-diet), 3. inoculated 0 % whole-plant soybean incorporated sorghum silage (inoculated 0 % SI-diet), and 4. inoculated 50 % whole-plant soybean incorporated sorghum silage (inoculated 50 % SI-diet), and fed to forty male lambs for 11 weeks. Incorporating 50 % whole-plant soybean into the sorghum silage with L. plantarum A1 inoculation was found to significantly improved in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), CP digestibility (CPD) and acid detergent fiber digestibility (ADFD) with a reduced in vitro methane production by 4 % (P < 0.05). The lambs fed 50 % SI-diet had higher dry matter intake (DMI) (P < 0.05), with those fed inoculated 50 % SI-diet having higher average daily gain (ADG) (P < 0.05) and marginally significant feed efficiency (FE) (P = 0.14). Significantly higher rumen acetate, propionate and total volatile fatty acids (P < 0.05) were found in lambs fed inoculated 50 % SI-diet (which had improved IVDMD, CPD and ADFD and lower methane). The genus Prevotella dominated the rumen fermentation of the lambs, with Succiniclasticum having significant abundance in the inoculated 0 % SI-diet group while unidentified_S24–7 and unclassified_Bacteroidales having significant abundance in the inoculated 50 % SI-diet group according to linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and effect size measurement (LEfSe) analysis. The physiological parameters of the lambs were within the range considered healthy. Additionally, lambs in the inoculated 50 % SI-diet group exhibited enhanced antioxidant status, especially higher catalase (CAT) activity in the rumen fluid and serum (P < 0.05). Therefore, incorporating 50 % of whole-plant soybean into sorghum silage with FAE producing L. plantarum A1 inoculation improved the silage utilization, animals’ growth performance as well as their physiological and health status.
{"title":"Improving sorghum silage utilization by soybean incorporation and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum A1 inoculation: Effect on in vitro digestibility and sheep performance","authors":"S. Usman , Y. Zhang , N. Abdelraheem , P. Wu , S.J. Umar , R.Y. Aderinboye , D. Xu , Y.Y. Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116613","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116613","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The utilization of sorghum silage is constrained by its high fiber content and relatively low crude protein (CP). To address these challenges, this study incorporated whole-plant soybean to improve the CP content and inoculated the silage with <em>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</em> A1 (a producer of fiber-degrading ferulic acid esterase (FAE) enzyme) to enhance the breakdown of structural carbohydrates. In the initial <em>in vitro</em> experiment, whole-plant soybean was incorporated at 0 %, 25 %, and 50 % levels, either uninoculated or inoculated with <em>L. plantarum</em> A1 at 5 × 10⁶ CFU/g fresh weight. Subsequently, four dietary treatments were made from the silages: 1. uninoculated 0 % whole-plant soybean incorporated sorghum silage (uninoculated 0 % SI-diet), 2. Uninoculated 50 % whole-plant soybean incorporated sorghum silage (uninoculated 50 % SI-diet), 3. inoculated 0 % whole-plant soybean incorporated sorghum silage (inoculated 0 % SI-diet), and 4. inoculated 50 % whole-plant soybean incorporated sorghum silage (inoculated 50 % SI-diet), and fed to forty male lambs for 11 weeks. Incorporating 50 % whole-plant soybean into the sorghum silage with <em>L. plantarum</em> A1 inoculation was found to significantly improved <em>in vitro</em> dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), CP digestibility (CPD) and acid detergent fiber digestibility (ADFD) with a reduced <em>in vitro</em> methane production by 4 % (<em>P</em> < 0.05). The lambs fed 50 % SI-diet had higher dry matter intake (DMI) (<em>P</em> < 0.05), with those fed inoculated 50 % SI-diet having higher average daily gain (ADG) (<em>P</em> < 0.05) and marginally significant feed efficiency (FE) (<em>P</em> = 0.14). Significantly higher rumen acetate, propionate and total volatile fatty acids (<em>P</em> < 0.05) were found in lambs fed inoculated 50 % SI-diet (which had improved IVDMD, CPD and ADFD and lower methane). The genus <em>Prevotella</em> dominated the rumen fermentation of the lambs, with <em>Succiniclasticum</em> having significant abundance in the inoculated 0 % SI-diet group while unidentified<em>_S24–7</em> and unclassified<em>_Bacteroidales</em> having significant abundance in the inoculated 50 % SI-diet group according to linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and effect size measurement (LEfSe) analysis. The physiological parameters of the lambs were within the range considered healthy. Additionally, lambs in the inoculated 50 % SI-diet group exhibited enhanced antioxidant status, especially higher catalase (CAT) activity in the rumen fluid and serum (<em>P</em> < 0.05). Therefore, incorporating 50 % of whole-plant soybean into sorghum silage with FAE producing <em>L. plantarum</em> A1 inoculation improved the silage utilization, animals’ growth performance as well as their physiological and health status.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"332 ","pages":"Article 116613"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145837710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-20DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116611
Mariana Vadroňová , Giorgio Menni , Petra Fant , Mohammad Ramin
This study aimed to improve the predictive accuracy of in vitro models for estimating in vivo methane (CH4) emissions in Nordic dairy systems by evaluating five forage-to-concentrate (F:C) ratios and incorporating a modelling approach based on ruminal mean retention time (MRT). The tested ratios included 100:0 (100 F), 80:20 (80 F), 60:40 (60 F), 40:60 (40 F), and 20:80 (20 F), where 100 F consisted solely of grass silage, and the remaining diets incorporated barley grain and rapeseed meal as concentrate. All diets were balanced for crude protein (20 % DM), but ether extract and neutral detergent fiber content decreased as concentrate levels increased. To improve the biological relevance of in vitro results, CH4 production was corrected using a ruminal MRT model to better simulate in vivo conditions. Higher concentrate inclusion linearly increased (P < 0.001) total gas and predicted in vivo CH4 production. However, after applying MRT adjustments, the modified model reduced the variation in CH4 predictions across F:C ratios, resulting in values that more closely reflected expected in vivo emissions. The pH declined (P < 0.001) at lower F:C ratios. Organic matter degradability (OMD) followed a quadratic pattern (P < 0.001), peaking in 60 F and 40 F diets and decreasing in 100 F and 20 F. While total volatile fatty acid concentrations were unaffected by F:C ratio, acetate proportion declined linearly (P < 0.001) as concentrate increased, whereas isobutyric and butyric acid proportions rose. Overall, these findings support the application of MRT-adjusted models to enhance the alignment between in vitro predictions and in vivo CH4 emissions.
{"title":"Modelling methane emissions from ruminant diets with variable forage-to-concentrate ratios and retention times – An in vitro evaluation","authors":"Mariana Vadroňová , Giorgio Menni , Petra Fant , Mohammad Ramin","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116611","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116611","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to improve the predictive accuracy of <em>in vitro</em> models for estimating <em>in vivo</em> methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) emissions in Nordic dairy systems by evaluating five forage-to-concentrate (F:C) ratios and incorporating a modelling approach based on ruminal mean retention time (MRT). The tested ratios included 100:0 (100 F), 80:20 (80 F), 60:40 (60 F), 40:60 (40 F), and 20:80 (20 F), where 100 F consisted solely of grass silage, and the remaining diets incorporated barley grain and rapeseed meal as concentrate. All diets were balanced for crude protein (20 % DM), but ether extract and neutral detergent fiber content decreased as concentrate levels increased. To improve the biological relevance of <em>in vitro</em> results, CH<sub>4</sub> production was corrected using a ruminal MRT model to better simulate <em>in vivo</em> conditions. Higher concentrate inclusion linearly increased (<em>P</em> < 0.001) total gas and predicted <em>in vivo</em> CH<sub>4</sub> production. However, after applying MRT adjustments, the modified model reduced the variation in CH<sub>4</sub> predictions across F:C ratios, resulting in values that more closely reflected expected <em>in vivo</em> emissions. The pH declined (<em>P</em> < 0.001) at lower F:C ratios. Organic matter degradability (OMD) followed a quadratic pattern (<em>P</em> < 0.001), peaking in 60 F and 40 F diets and decreasing in 100 F and 20 F. While total volatile fatty acid concentrations were unaffected by F:C ratio, acetate proportion declined linearly (<em>P</em> < 0.001) as concentrate increased, whereas isobutyric and butyric acid proportions rose. Overall, these findings support the application of MRT-adjusted models to enhance the alignment between <em>in vitro</em> predictions and <em>in vivo</em> CH<sub>4</sub> emissions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"332 ","pages":"Article 116611"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145837711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-20DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116615
Yeojin An , Yoon Soo Song , Jong Woong Kim , Beob Gyun Kim
The objective of the present study was to examine the effects of supplemental protease on standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) in corn-derived protein (CDP) and palm kernel expellers (PKE) fed to nursery pigs. Additionally, this study aimed to determine the concentrations of digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) in CDP and PKE in nursery pigs. In experiment 1, eight barrows with an initial body weight of 12.9 kg (standard deviation = 1.3) were surgically fitted with T-cannulas at the end of ileum to determine the SID of AA. A replicated 4 × 5 incomplete Latin square design was used. Four experimental diets were prepared in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement for the 2 ingredients as the sole source of AA with or without supplemental protease. In experiment 2, six barrows with an initial body weight of 12.9 kg (standard deviation = 1.3) were used to determine the DE and ME in CDP and PKE. The pigs were assigned to 3 experimental diets in a replicated 3 × 4 incomplete Latin square design. A basal diet consisted of corn and soybean meal as the sole sources of energy. Two additional diets were formulated by replacing the basal diet with CDP at 200 g/kg or PKE at 300 g/kg. The animals were individually housed in metabolism crates for the collection of feces and urine. The SID of crude protein and all AA in CDP was greater (P < 0.05) than in PKE. The supplemental protease did not affect SID of AA except Met. The concentrations of DE and ME in CDP were greater (P < 0.001) than those in PKE. Overall, the SID of CP and AA in CDP was greater than in PKE. The supplemental protease had no effect on the SID of AA in CDP and PKE in nursery pigs. Corn-derived protein contained greater concentrations of DE and ME than PKE.
{"title":"Effects of supplemental protease on amino acid digestibility and energy concentrations in corn-derived protein and palm kernel expellers fed to nursery pigs","authors":"Yeojin An , Yoon Soo Song , Jong Woong Kim , Beob Gyun Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116615","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116615","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of the present study was to examine the effects of supplemental protease on standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) in corn-derived protein (CDP) and palm kernel expellers (PKE) fed to nursery pigs. Additionally, this study aimed to determine the concentrations of digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) in CDP and PKE in nursery pigs. In experiment 1, eight barrows with an initial body weight of 12.9 kg (standard deviation = 1.3) were surgically fitted with T-cannulas at the end of ileum to determine the SID of AA. A replicated 4 × 5 incomplete Latin square design was used. Four experimental diets were prepared in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement for the 2 ingredients as the sole source of AA with or without supplemental protease. In experiment 2, six barrows with an initial body weight of 12.9 kg (standard deviation = 1.3) were used to determine the DE and ME in CDP and PKE. The pigs were assigned to 3 experimental diets in a replicated 3 × 4 incomplete Latin square design. A basal diet consisted of corn and soybean meal as the sole sources of energy. Two additional diets were formulated by replacing the basal diet with CDP at 200 g/kg or PKE at 300 g/kg. The animals were individually housed in metabolism crates for the collection of feces and urine. The SID of crude protein and all AA in CDP was greater (P < 0.05) than in PKE. The supplemental protease did not affect SID of AA except Met. The concentrations of DE and ME in CDP were greater (P < 0.001) than those in PKE. Overall, the SID of CP and AA in CDP was greater than in PKE. The supplemental protease had no effect on the SID of AA in CDP and PKE in nursery pigs. Corn-derived protein contained greater concentrations of DE and ME than PKE.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"332 ","pages":"Article 116615"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145837675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-19DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116614
Bibo Li , Xiong Li , Long Cheng , Jiahao Li , Qianqiu Liu , Guoqing Duan , Yining Yan , Yuhang Xu , Junxing Zhao , Bo Wang , Chunxiang Zhang
High-concentrate diet feeding causes oxidative stress, alters rumen fermentation, and impairs the immune functions of lambs during fattening. Selenium (Se) is a trace element that plays a crucial role in alleviating oxidative stress. This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary Se supplementation on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and slaughter parameters in fattening lambs. Twenty-four 3-month-old Dorper-Hu hybrid lambs were randomly divided into two groups: a control group (CON) fed a basic diet, and a treatment group (TRT) supplemented with 0.5 mg/kg dry matter (DM) Se for 105 days. The study revealed no significant differences between the CON and TRT groups in terms of growth performance and carcass characteristics (P > 0.05). However, the TRT group tended to have an elevated serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (0.05 < P < 0.1) and significantly lower serum cortisol levels (P < 0.05). Furthermore, muscle Se concentrations, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) were higher in the TRT group (P < 0.05), indicating reduced oxidative stress and improved stress resistance. Ruminal fermentation parameters improved in the TRT group, with increased pH, propionate, and valerate concentrations, and reduced NH3-N levels (P < 0.05). Meat quality also benefited from Se supplementation, as evidenced by increased redness (a*24 h) and reduced shear force (P < 0.05). Additionally, Se supplementation led to higher liver IgA concentrations (P < 0.05). In conclusion, 0.5 mg/kg Se supplementation alleviates oxidative stress, modulates immune responses, and enhances lamb meat quality.
{"title":"Impact of dietary selenium supplementation on growth performance, rumen fermentation, antioxidant profiles, and meat quality in lambs on a high-concentrate diet","authors":"Bibo Li , Xiong Li , Long Cheng , Jiahao Li , Qianqiu Liu , Guoqing Duan , Yining Yan , Yuhang Xu , Junxing Zhao , Bo Wang , Chunxiang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116614","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116614","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-concentrate diet feeding causes oxidative stress, alters rumen fermentation, and impairs the immune functions of lambs during fattening. Selenium (Se) is a trace element that plays a crucial role in alleviating oxidative stress. This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary Se supplementation on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and slaughter parameters in fattening lambs. Twenty-four 3-month-old Dorper-Hu hybrid lambs were randomly divided into two groups: a control group (CON) fed a basic diet, and a treatment group (TRT) supplemented with 0.5 mg/kg dry matter (DM) Se for 105 days. The study revealed no significant differences between the CON and TRT groups in terms of growth performance and carcass characteristics (<em>P</em> > 0.05). However, the TRT group tended to have an elevated serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (0.05 < <em>P</em> < 0.1) and significantly lower serum cortisol levels (<em>P</em> < 0.05). Furthermore, muscle Se concentrations, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) were higher in the TRT group (<em>P</em> < 0.05), indicating reduced oxidative stress and improved stress resistance. Ruminal fermentation parameters improved in the TRT group, with increased pH, propionate, and valerate concentrations, and reduced NH<sub>3</sub>-N levels (<em>P</em> < 0.05). Meat quality also benefited from Se supplementation, as evidenced by increased redness (a*24 h) and reduced shear force (<em>P</em> < 0.05). Additionally, Se supplementation led to higher liver IgA concentrations (<em>P</em> < 0.05). In conclusion, 0.5 mg/kg Se supplementation alleviates oxidative stress, modulates immune responses, and enhances lamb meat quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"333 ","pages":"Article 116614"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145847601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<div><div>Present study compared the effect of novel multistrain probiotics on <em>in vitro</em> microbial populations, hydrolytic enzymes, digestibility, fermentation parameters, and antioxidant capacity of the Shal breed sheep. The probiotics were multistrain Bacilli (<em>B. licheniformis</em>, <em>B. subtilis</em> and <em>B. coagulans</em>; 5 × 10<sup>9</sup>, 5 × 10<sup>9</sup>, and 2 × 10<sup>11</sup> CFU/g, respectively), Lactobacilli (<em>Enterococcus faecium</em>, <em>L. rhamnosus</em> and <em>L. plantarum</em>; 2 × 10<sup>10</sup>, 2 × 10<sup>10</sup>, and 2 × 10<sup>9</sup> CFU/g, respectively), yeast (<em>Saccharomyces boulardii</em>; 2 × 10<sup>10</sup> CFU/g), and mixed bacteria-yeast (3:1 ratio) formulations. The treatments included diet without probiotic (control) and diets containing Bacilli (BAC), Lactobacilli (LAC), yeast (YE), mixed Bacilli-yeast (BAC-YE), or mixed Lactobacilli-yeast (LAC-YE), added at 0.1 % of diet DM. Diets were evaluated using 24 and 72-h <em>in vitro</em> gas production techniques. In both incubation times, cellulolytic and proteolytic bacteria counts, microcrystalline cellulase (avicelase), filter paper-degrading (FPD) activity, and protease in BAC, YE, BAC-YE, and LAC-YE groups were higher than the control (P < 0.05), but no significant difference was observed between LAC and the control. At 24 h incubation, LAC exhibited higher (P < 0.05) amylase activity than the free-antibiotic diet. Compared to the control, adding different probiotics to the diet decreased (P < 0.05) protozoa numbers at 24 h. <em>In vitro</em> gas production, organic matter disappearance, metabolizable energy, and truly-degraded substrate were higher in treatments containing different probiotics in comparison to the control (P < 0.05). The use of various probiotic additives reduced the production of methane (P < 0.05), but did not affect antioxidant capacity. At 24-h incubation, ammonia-N concentrations increased significantly in BAC, YE, and BAC-YE compared to the control (P < 0.05), while LAC and LAC-YE showed a non-significant increasing trend. After 72-h incubation, ammonia-N concentrations did not differ significantly among treatments. Different probiotic sources increased total volatile fatty acid production while reducing butyrate proportion during both incubation periods (P < 0.05). Moreover, BAC, YE, BAC-YE, and LAC-YE caused an increase in the molar proportion of acetate, while LAC decreased acetate and increased propionate proportion (P < 0.05). In general, dietary inclusion of the novel multistrain Bacilli and Lactobacilli at 0.1 % of diet DM improved <em>in vitro</em> ruminal microbial populations and hydrolytic enzymes while reducing methane production, thereby enhancing diet efficiency and environmental benefits. The effectiveness of <em>S. boulardii</em> was enhanced when combined with Bacilli or Lactobacilli probiotics, recommending their concurrent use over yeast supplementation alone.</div></
{"title":"Effect of new multistrain Bacilli, Lactobacilli, yeast, or their mixtures on in vitro ruminal microbial populations, hydrolytic enzymes, and fermentation variables of sheep","authors":"Alireza Ashkvari , Javad Rezaei , Hassan Fazaeli , Seyed Asghar Dehghan","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116612","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116612","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Present study compared the effect of novel multistrain probiotics on <em>in vitro</em> microbial populations, hydrolytic enzymes, digestibility, fermentation parameters, and antioxidant capacity of the Shal breed sheep. The probiotics were multistrain Bacilli (<em>B. licheniformis</em>, <em>B. subtilis</em> and <em>B. coagulans</em>; 5 × 10<sup>9</sup>, 5 × 10<sup>9</sup>, and 2 × 10<sup>11</sup> CFU/g, respectively), Lactobacilli (<em>Enterococcus faecium</em>, <em>L. rhamnosus</em> and <em>L. plantarum</em>; 2 × 10<sup>10</sup>, 2 × 10<sup>10</sup>, and 2 × 10<sup>9</sup> CFU/g, respectively), yeast (<em>Saccharomyces boulardii</em>; 2 × 10<sup>10</sup> CFU/g), and mixed bacteria-yeast (3:1 ratio) formulations. The treatments included diet without probiotic (control) and diets containing Bacilli (BAC), Lactobacilli (LAC), yeast (YE), mixed Bacilli-yeast (BAC-YE), or mixed Lactobacilli-yeast (LAC-YE), added at 0.1 % of diet DM. Diets were evaluated using 24 and 72-h <em>in vitro</em> gas production techniques. In both incubation times, cellulolytic and proteolytic bacteria counts, microcrystalline cellulase (avicelase), filter paper-degrading (FPD) activity, and protease in BAC, YE, BAC-YE, and LAC-YE groups were higher than the control (P < 0.05), but no significant difference was observed between LAC and the control. At 24 h incubation, LAC exhibited higher (P < 0.05) amylase activity than the free-antibiotic diet. Compared to the control, adding different probiotics to the diet decreased (P < 0.05) protozoa numbers at 24 h. <em>In vitro</em> gas production, organic matter disappearance, metabolizable energy, and truly-degraded substrate were higher in treatments containing different probiotics in comparison to the control (P < 0.05). The use of various probiotic additives reduced the production of methane (P < 0.05), but did not affect antioxidant capacity. At 24-h incubation, ammonia-N concentrations increased significantly in BAC, YE, and BAC-YE compared to the control (P < 0.05), while LAC and LAC-YE showed a non-significant increasing trend. After 72-h incubation, ammonia-N concentrations did not differ significantly among treatments. Different probiotic sources increased total volatile fatty acid production while reducing butyrate proportion during both incubation periods (P < 0.05). Moreover, BAC, YE, BAC-YE, and LAC-YE caused an increase in the molar proportion of acetate, while LAC decreased acetate and increased propionate proportion (P < 0.05). In general, dietary inclusion of the novel multistrain Bacilli and Lactobacilli at 0.1 % of diet DM improved <em>in vitro</em> ruminal microbial populations and hydrolytic enzymes while reducing methane production, thereby enhancing diet efficiency and environmental benefits. The effectiveness of <em>S. boulardii</em> was enhanced when combined with Bacilli or Lactobacilli probiotics, recommending their concurrent use over yeast supplementation alone.</div></","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"332 ","pages":"Article 116612"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145837712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study investigated the effects of dietary lipid and lysophospholipid (LPL) levels on growth performance and lipid metabolism in hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀ × E. lanceolatus♂). A 2-factorial design was employed, with three levels of dietary lipid (8 %, 10 %, and 12 %) and three levels of LPL (0 %, 0.1 %, and 0.2 %), yielding nine isonitrogenous, non-isoenergetic experimental diets. The dietary treatments were designated as L8E0, L10E0, L12E0, L8E0.1, L10E0.1, L12E0.1, L8E0.2, L10E0.2, and L12E0.2. Juvenile fish (initial body weight 13.91 ± 0.01 g) were stocked at 30 fish per 500 L fiberglass tank (salinity maintained at 26–30 ‰), with three replicates tanks per treatment. After a 10-week feeding trial, the interaction between dietary lipid and LPL did not significantly affect growth performance or survival rate, but it significantly influenced feed efficiency. However, fish fed diets with 8 % lipid showed higher growth performance than those fed diets with 12 % lipid. Fish fed diets with 0.1 % LPL had significantly higher muscle crude protein content and lower crude lipid content than those fed diets with 0 % or 0.2 % LPL. Additionally, the hepatic lipid droplet abundance was lower in fish fed diets with 0.1 % or 0.2 % LPL than in those fed diets with 0 % LPL. Specifically, fish fed the L10E0.1 diet exhibited the lowest hepatosomatic and visceral indices and the fewest hepatic lipid droplets, together with the highest muscle crude protein content. Furthermore, dietary supplementation with 0.1 % LPL significantly downregulated the relative expression of hepatic lipogenic genes (fas, acc) and upregulated that of hepatic lipolytic genes (lpl, atgl, hsl). In conclusion, the L10E0.1 dietary treatment appears to be optimal for hybrid grouper, synergistically enhancing growth performance, feed efficiency, lipid homeostasis, and muscle nutritional quality.
{"title":"Dietary inclusion of lysophospholipid improve lipid metabolism and thereby reduce lipid deposition in hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀ × E. lanceolatus♂)","authors":"Rongpei Zhong, Jiongting Fan, Shuang Zhang, Hongyu Liu, Shiwei Xie, Wei Zhang, Beiping Tan, Junming Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116610","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116610","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study investigated the effects of dietary lipid and lysophospholipid (LPL) levels on growth performance and lipid metabolism in hybrid grouper (<em>Epinephelus fuscoguttatus</em>♀ × <em>E. lanceolatus</em>♂). A 2-factorial design was employed, with three levels of dietary lipid (8 %, 10 %, and 12 %) and three levels of LPL (0 %, 0.1 %, and 0.2 %), yielding nine isonitrogenous, non-isoenergetic experimental diets. The dietary treatments were designated as L8E0, L10E0, L12E0, L8E0.1, L10E0.1, L12E0.1, L8E0.2, L10E0.2, and L12E0.2. Juvenile fish (initial body weight 13.91 ± 0.01 g) were stocked at 30 fish per 500 L fiberglass tank (salinity maintained at 26–30 ‰), with three replicates tanks per treatment. After a 10-week feeding trial, the interaction between dietary lipid and LPL did not significantly affect growth performance or survival rate, but it significantly influenced feed efficiency. However, fish fed diets with 8 % lipid showed higher growth performance than those fed diets with 12 % lipid. Fish fed diets with 0.1 % LPL had significantly higher muscle crude protein content and lower crude lipid content than those fed diets with 0 % or 0.2 % LPL. Additionally, the hepatic lipid droplet abundance was lower in fish fed diets with 0.1 % or 0.2 % LPL than in those fed diets with 0 % LPL. Specifically, fish fed the L10E0.1 diet exhibited the lowest hepatosomatic and visceral indices and the fewest hepatic lipid droplets, together with the highest muscle crude protein content. Furthermore, dietary supplementation with 0.1 % LPL significantly downregulated the relative expression of hepatic lipogenic genes (<em>fas</em>, <em>acc</em>) and upregulated that of hepatic lipolytic genes (<em>lpl</em>, <em>atgl</em>, <em>hsl</em>). In conclusion, the L10E0.1 dietary treatment appears to be optimal for hybrid grouper, synergistically enhancing growth performance, feed efficiency, lipid homeostasis, and muscle nutritional quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"332 ","pages":"Article 116610"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145788488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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