Animal Feed Science and Technology最新文献_第3页

Effects of maternal rumen-protected methionine supplementation on ewe colostrum composition, lamb growth performance, rumen development and microbiome 补充母体瘤胃保护蛋氨酸对母羊初乳成分、羔羊生长性能、瘤胃发育和微生物组的影响

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Animal Feed Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116131

Peiyong Chen , Zhibo Wang , Jiawei Lu , Xinle Zhang, Zili Chen, Zhen Wan, Yu Cai, Feng Wang, Yanli Zhang

Maternal nutritional status during late gestation and lactation significantly influences the development and physiological metabolism of the offspring. Supplemental rumen-protected methionine (RPM) has the potential to enhance the development and growth of both ewes and their lambs. This study was performed to investigate the effects of maternal RPM supplementation on growth performance, blood metabolites, rumen morphology and fermentation parameters, as well as microbial composition of offspring lambs. Twenty Hu ewes were subjected to simultaneous estrus by inserting sponge containing progesterone into the vagina. At fifty-five days before the expected parturition date, the pregnant ewes (2–3 years of age, 53.7 ± 2.77 kg of weight) were randomly assigned to two groups: 1) Ewes were fed a basal diet with no RPM supplementation (CON, n = 7), 2) Basal diet supplementation with 0.25 % DM of RPM (MET, n = 5). After lambing, the lambs were fed milk from their mothers and fed starter from d 14 to d 42 of life. The results indicated that MET ewes had higher colostrum fat content than CON ewes. Birth weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG), and weaning weight of lambs showed increase in response to RPM added in the maternal diets (P < 0.05). Similarly, concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) was elevated with maternal RPM addition (P < 0.05). Moreover, GSH-PX showed an increasing trend, while AST showed a decreasing trend in MET lambs. The length, width and total epithelia thickness of rumen papillae were higher in the MET compared with the CON (P < 0.05). In term of proliferative genes expression, MET lambs had greater TJP1 and PCNA expression than in CON (P < 0.05). The ruminal total volatile fatty acid was not affected, whereas iso-butyrate and iso-valeric levels increased with maternal RPM addition (P < 0.05). Moreover, the 16S rRNA sequencing profile showed that relative abundance of Actinobacteria was decreased while Prevotella-1 was increased with RPM supplementation (P < 0.05). These results indicated that maternal RPM supplementation promoted growth performance of the lambs by improving colostrum composition of ewes, and serum parameters, rumen fermentation, and rumen microbiota of lambs.

母羊在妊娠后期和哺乳期的营养状况对后代的发育和生理代谢有很大影响。补充瘤胃保护蛋氨酸（RPM）有可能促进母羊及其羔羊的发育和生长。本研究旨在探讨母体补充 RPM 对后代羔羊生长性能、血液代谢物、瘤胃形态和发酵参数以及微生物组成的影响。通过在母羊阴道内插入含有黄体酮的海绵，使 20 只胡母羊同时发情。在预产期前 55 天，将怀孕母羊（2-3 岁，体重 53.7 ± 2.77 千克）随机分为两组：1）饲喂不添加 RPM 的基础日粮（CON，n = 7）；2）饲喂添加 0.25 % DM RPM 的基础日粮（MET，n = 5）。羔羊产羔后，从出生后第 14 天到第 42 天喂母乳和开食料。结果表明，MET 母羊的初乳脂肪含量高于 CON 母羊。羔羊的出生体重（BW）、平均日增重（ADG）和断奶体重在母羊日粮中添加 RPM 后均有所增加（P < 0.05）。同样，胰岛素样生长因子-1（IGF-1）的浓度也随母体日粮中添加 RPM 而升高（P < 0.05）。此外，MET羔羊的GSH-PX呈上升趋势，而AST呈下降趋势。MET羔羊瘤胃乳头的长度、宽度和上皮总厚度均高于CON羔羊（P < 0.05）。在增殖基因表达方面，MET羔羊的TJP1和PCNA表达量高于CON羔羊（P< 0.05）。瘤胃总挥发性脂肪酸未受影响，而异丁酸酯和异戊酸酯水平随母体 RPM 的添加而增加（P < 0.05）。此外，16S rRNA 测序结果表明，添加 RPM 后，放线菌的相对丰度降低，而 Prevotella-1 增加（P < 0.05）。这些结果表明，母羊补充 RPM 可改善母羊初乳成分、羔羊血清参数、瘤胃发酵和瘤胃微生物群，从而促进羔羊的生长性能。

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引用次数: 0

Marine microalgae meal (Schizochytrium sp.) influence on intake, in vivo fermentation parameters and in vitro gas production and digestibility in sheep diets is dose-dependent 海洋微藻粉（Schizochytrium sp.）对绵羊日粮采食量、体内发酵参数、体外产气量和消化率的影响具有剂量依赖性

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Animal Feed Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116130

Diego A. Rojas-Meza , Américo Garcia da Silva Sobrinho , Marco Tulio Costa Almeida , Thiago H. Borghi , Yury T. Granja-Salcedo , Roberta de Lima Valença , Nomaiací de Andrade , Luis Gabriel Alves Cirne , Jane Maria Bertocco Ezequiel

The objective of this study was to evaluate the dry matter intake (DMI), intake of nutrients and in vivo ruminal fermentation in wethers fed diets without or with 2 or 4 % of marine microalgae meal (Schizochytrium sp.) as a source of docosahexaenoic polyunsaturated fatty acid (DHA; C22:6 n-3), as well as the total gas production and digestibility of the experimental diets using in vitro techniques. Six Santa Inês wethers with a body weight of 55.6 ± 5.20 kg and 18 months of age fitted with a ruminal cannula, were used and housed in individual stalls. The experimental design consisted of a double 3 ×3 Latin square (three treatments and three periods) with each experimental period lasting 21 days (14 days for adaptation to diets, 5 days for sample collection and 2 days of blank time between periods), for a total of 63 days. Animals fed 4 % microalgae meal showed lower DMI (P<0.05; 1,14 vs. 0,86 kg/d) and lower intake of nutrients (P<0.05), except for ether extract (EE; P=0.967), compared to animals not fed microalgae. Wethers that were not fed marine microalgae had lower ruminal pH just two hours after feeding (P=0.042) and lower concentrations of ammoniacal nitrogen (NH₃-N) in the ruminal fluid at all sampling times (P = 0.011) compared to wethers fed diets with 2 and 4 % level inclusion. The addition of marine microalgae meal did not have an effect on heat production and in vitro gas production (P>0.05). The in vitro digestibility of non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC) increased (P = 0.033) with the inclusion of marine microalgae in the diet, being higher in the 4 % treatment compared to the others. Additionally, marine microalgae meal significantly reduced (P = 0.002; 0.55–0.47 g/g of DM) the in vitro digestibility of neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein (NDF). The inclusion of marine microalgae meal Schizochytrium sp. as a DHA source did not negatively affect ruminal fermentation. However, it compromised dry matter and nutrients intake, as well as NDF digestibility in animals fed 4 % microalgae while a reduction on DMI as well as intake of nutrients at 2 % inclusion was not significant. Therefore, it is recommended to use marine microalgae meal in the feeding of wethers under tropical conditions at a concentration of 2 % of the diet.

本研究的目的是评估饲喂不添加或添加 2% 或 4% 海洋微藻粉（Schizochytrium sp.）作为二十二碳六烯酸多不饱和脂肪酸（DHA；C22:6 n-3）来源的乳牛的干物质摄入量（DMI）、营养物质摄入量和体内瘤胃发酵情况，以及使用体外技术评估试验日粮的总产气量和消化率。六头体重为 55.6 ± 5.20 千克、年龄为 18 个月的圣伊内斯母牛安装了瘤胃插管，分别饲养在不同的牛栏中。实验设计为双 3 × 3 拉丁正方形（三个处理和三个阶段），每个实验阶段持续 21 天（14 天用于适应日粮，5 天用于样本采集，两个阶段之间有 2 天空白期），共计 63 天。与未饲喂微藻的动物相比，饲喂 4 % 微藻粉的动物显示出较低的 DMI（P<0.05；1,14 vs. 0,86 kg/d）和较低的营养摄入量（P<0.05），但醚提取物（EE；P=0.967）除外。与饲喂添加 2% 和 4% 微藻的日粮相比，未饲喂海洋微藻的乳猪在饲喂后两小时内瘤胃 pH 值较低 (P=0.042)，在所有采样时间内瘤胃液中的氨氮 (NH3-N) 浓度较低 (P = 0.011)。添加海洋微藻粉对产热和体外产气没有影响（P>0.05）。日粮中添加海洋微藻后，非纤维碳水化合物（NFC）的体外消化率增加（P = 0.033），4%处理的NFC消化率高于其他处理。此外，海洋微藻粉显著降低了（P = 0.002；0.55-0.47 g/g DM）经灰分和蛋白质校正的中性洗涤纤维（NDF）的体外消化率。添加海洋微藻粉 Schizochytrium sp. 作为 DHA 来源不会对瘤胃发酵产生负面影响。但是，在饲喂 4% 微藻粉的动物中，干物质和营养物质的摄入量以及 NDF 消化率都受到了影响，而在饲喂 2% 微藻粉的动物中，DMI 和营养物质摄入量的减少并不显著。因此，建议在热带条件下使用海洋微藻粉饲喂蛋鸡，浓度为日粮的 2%。

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引用次数: 0

Dietary thiamine supplementation modulates ruminal microbiota and partly restores lactation performance in lactating Hu ewes under heat-stress conditions 补充硫胺素可调节热应激条件下泌乳胡母羊的瘤胃微生物群并部分恢复其泌乳性能

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Animal Feed Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116119

Yi Ma , Peng Yang , Pengfei Li , Mabrouk Elsabagh , Long Cheng , Huayou Chen , Yong Feng , Zelin Li , Mengsi Xu

This study aimed to investigate the impact of dietary thiamine supplementation on milk production, rumen microbiota profile and inflammatory response of Hu ewes under heat-stress conditions. Twenty-seven multiparous pregnant and lactating Hu ewes of 71.6 ± 1.4 kg body weight, 11 ± 0.5 months gestation age, 31 ± 1 days in milk, 1.68 ± 0.15 L/d milk yield, and 2.14 ± 0.12 kg of daily dry matter intake (DMI), were used in the study. Following an acclimation period of 7 days, ewes were divided into 3 blocks of 9 each (one Hu ewe per pen), in a complete randomized design and assigned to one of three environmental temperature conditions for 15 days: thermoneutrality without supplementation (CON), heat-stressed without supplementation (HS) or heat-stressed with dietary thiamine supplementation (200 mg/kg of DMI; HST). The results indicated that the HS group experienced notable declines in milk protein, fat, and lactose content from day 10–15 (P < 0.05) compared to the CON group. In contrast, thiamine supplementation significantly elevated milk protein content from day 13–15 and raised milk fat and lactose content on days 14 and 15 (P < 0.05) compared to the HS group, thereby enhancing milk quality to a certain extent. Additionally, thiamine supplementation (HST group) significantly increased the circulating thiamine and Immunoglobulin A (IgA) concentrations accompanied by a significant decline in LPS-binding protein, interleukin-1 (IL-1), and serum amyloid A protein (SAA) levels compared to the HS group (P < 0.05). Rumen microbial composition analysis revealed that thiamine supplementation increased the abundance of Pyramidobacter, Butyrivibrio, Bacteroides, and Saccharofermentans. In conclusion, heat exposure during lactation in Hu ewes lowered milk production and quality, affecting rumen microbes. Dietary thiamine supplementation could improve rumen fermentation, mitigate heat stress-induced inflammation, and restore milk production in Hu ewes under heat stress conditions.

本研究旨在探讨在热应激条件下，日粮补充硫胺素对胡氏母羊产奶量、瘤胃微生物群谱和炎症反应的影响。研究使用了 27 只多胎妊娠和哺乳期胡母羊，体重为 71.6 ± 1.4 千克，妊娠日龄为 11 ± 0.5 个月，产奶天数为 31 ± 1 天，产奶量为 1.68 ± 0.15 升/天，日干物质摄入量为 2.14 ± 0.12 千克。经过 7 天的适应期后，母羊被分成 3 组，每组 9 只（每栏一只胡母羊），采用完全随机设计，并被分配到三种环境温度条件中的一种，持续 15 天：不补充硫胺素的恒温组（CON）、不补充硫胺素的热应激组（HS）或补充日粮硫胺素（200 毫克/千克 DMI；HST）的热应激组。结果表明，与 CON 组相比，HS 组的牛奶蛋白质、脂肪和乳糖含量在第 10-15 天明显下降（P < 0.05）。相比之下，与 HS 组相比，补充硫胺素可显著提高第 13-15 天的牛奶蛋白质含量，提高第 14 和 15 天的牛奶脂肪和乳糖含量（P < 0.05），从而在一定程度上提高牛奶质量。此外，与 HS 组相比，补充硫胺素（HST 组）可显著提高循环中硫胺素和免疫球蛋白 A（IgA）的浓度，同时显著降低 LPS 结合蛋白、白细胞介素-1（IL-1）和血清淀粉样蛋白 A（SAA）的水平（P < 0.05）。瘤胃微生物组成分析表明，补充硫胺素可增加酪杆菌、丁弧菌、乳酸菌和酵母菌的丰度。总之，胡氏母羊泌乳期受热会降低牛奶产量和质量，影响瘤胃微生物。在热应激条件下，膳食中补充硫胺素可改善瘤胃发酵，减轻热应激引起的炎症，并恢复胡氏母羊的产奶量。

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引用次数: 0

Individual and combined effects of dietary chlorogenic acid and quercetin supplementation on the growth, lipid metabolism and flesh quality of grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idellus 补充绿原酸和槲皮素对草鱼生长、脂质代谢和肉质的单独和联合影响

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Animal Feed Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116129

Hang Yang , Zhen Xu , Xiaoqin Li , Xiangjun Leng

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the individual and combined effects of dietary chlorogenic acid and quercetin supplementation on the growth, lipid metabolism and flesh quality of Ctenopharyngodon idellus (C. idellus). Fish (59.7 ± 0.3 g) were fed for 60 days with five diets, including a basal diet not added (CON) or added with chlorogenic acid (CGA, 400 mg/kg), quercetin (QC, 400 mg/kg), and their combinations (CGA:QC=1:1) with 400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg (CGA:QC-400; CGA:QC-800). The weight gain was increased (+4.00 %, +4.41 %), and the feed conversion ratio was decreased (-0.07, -0.08) by individual supplementation with CGA and QC (P<0.05), but not by their combinations (P>0.05). In addition, dietary CGA and QC promoted the apparent digestibility of dry matter and protein and the activities of intestinal amylase and protease (P<0.05). The CGA, QC and CGA:QC-800 groups presented higher activities of flesh superoxide dismutase, flesh glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and serum GSH-Px, as well as lower contents of protein carbonyl and malondialdehyde (MDA) in flesh and MDA in serum than those of CON group (P<0.05). An increase in flesh hardness, water-holding capacity, and total collagen, heat-insoluble collagen and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids contents was observed in the CGA, QC and CGA:QC-800 groups (P<0.05). The four supplements reduced mesenteric lipid-somatic index, flesh n-3/n-6 ratio and serum triglycerides (P<0.05), and the CGA:QC-400 and CGA:QC-800 groups also showed lower lipid content in flesh than CON group (P<0.05). Taken together, the individual supplementation of dietary CGA and QC enhanced the growth performance, lipid metabolism and flesh quality of C. idellus, and their combination presented synergistic effect only on lipid metabolism.

本研究的目的是评估日粮中添加绿原酸和槲皮素对鳕鱼（Ctenopharyngodon idellus）生长、脂质代谢和肉质的单独和联合影响。用五种日粮喂养鱼（59.7 ± 0.3 g）60天，包括不添加（CON）或添加绿原酸（CGA，400 mg/kg）、槲皮素（QC，400 mg/kg）以及它们的组合（CGA:QC=1:1）（400 mg/kg和800 mg/kg）（CGA:QC-400；CGA:QC-800）的基础日粮。单独添加 CGA 和 QC（P<0.05）可提高增重（+4.00 %, +4.41%），降低饲料转化率（-0.07, -0.08），而组合添加则不会提高增重（P>0.05）。此外，日粮 CGA 和 QC 还能提高干物质和蛋白质的表观消化率以及肠道淀粉酶和蛋白酶的活性（P<0.05）。与 CON 组相比，CGA、QC 和 CGA:QC-800 组的肉质超氧化物歧化酶、肉质谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）和血清 GSH-Px 活性更高，肉质中蛋白质羰基和丙二醛（MDA）含量以及血清中 MDA 含量更低（P<0.05）。CGA组、QC组和CGA:QC-800组的肉质硬度、持水量、总胶原蛋白、热不溶性胶原蛋白和n-3多不饱和脂肪酸含量均有所增加（P<0.05）。四种营养补充剂降低了肠系膜脂质-体征指数、肉中 n-3/n-6 比率和血清甘油三酯含量（P<0.05），CGA:QC-400 组和 CGA:QC-800 组的肉中脂质含量也低于 CON 组（P<0.05）。综上所述，日粮中单独添加 CGA 和 QC 可提高鳕鱼的生长性能、脂质代谢和肉质，两者的组合仅对脂质代谢有协同作用。

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引用次数: 0

Growth and physiological responses of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus fed dietary fermented sugar beet bagasse and reared in biofloc system 尼罗罗非鱼（Oreochromis niloticus）在生物絮凝物系统中饲喂发酵甜菜蔗渣饲料的生长和生理反应

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Animal Feed Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116124

Eman Y. Mohammady , Ahmed M. Aboseif , Afify D.G. Al-Afify , Moustafa S. Abdelhameed , Ehab E. Shawer , Sayeda M. Abdo , Enas A. Ramadan , Mahmoud H. Hegab , Asmaa Negm El-Dein , Mohamed S. Hassaan

Sugar beet bagasse (SB) is a common agro-industrial waste used in animal feeds. However, its high crude fiber content makes it difficult for fish to digest. Fermentation processes can improve the nutritional value of SB by-products. The study uses Lactobacillus rhamnosus and yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) to ferment SB waste for use as a soybean meal substitute in Nile tilapia fingerlings. This led to an increase in protein, lipid, ash, and nitrogen-free extracts, while the fiber content decreased. Four experimental isonitrogenous (crude protein: 249.2 g kg⁻¹) and isocaloric (gross energy:18.25 MJ kg⁻¹) diets were formulated as follows: a control diet with 0 % LYFSB (L. rhamnosus and yeast fermented SB), and three other diets with LYFSB replacing soybean meal (SBM) at levels of 10 % (LYFSB_10 %), 20 % (LYFSB_20 %), and 30 % (LYFSB_30 %) based on protein content, over a 70-day period. 180 fingerlings of Nile tilapia (average initial weight of 5.19 ± 0.02 g) were placed at random in twelve circular plastic tanks (60 L capacity) with a stocking density of fifteen fish each. Nitrite and ammonia levels decreased as the replacement levels of LYFSB in tilapia diets increased, while nitrate levels showed the opposite trend. The phytoplankton community includes nine species in the biofloc system and four in tilapia gut content, with Chlorophyceae being the most common class, having the highest number in fish-fed diets (7805.67 organism/ml). The study revealed that LYFSB significantly influenced the zooplankton community, with protozoa dominating in biofloc water and rotifer in tilapia gut. LYFSB_10 % and LYFSB_20 % had the highest bacteria counts. Fish fed with LYFSB_10 % and LYFSB_20 % diets showed the highest values for specific growth rate (2.51 % day⁻¹) and weight gain (24.92 g fish⁻¹). These diets also exhibited increased activity levels of trypsin, lipase, and amylase enzymes. Increasing the inclusion of LYFSB in fish diets as a replacement for FM improved the intestinal and liver health of fish. The diets with LYFSB_10 % and LYFSB_20 % showed the highest levels of globulin, total protein, albumin, and IgM, with no significant differences between them. Fish fed LYFSB_10 % had lower cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were highest in fish fed LYFSB_10 % and LYFSB_20 %, while malondialdehyde (MDA) activity was lowest in the LYFSB_30 % diet. The study showed that the biofloc system enhanced water quality and increased the efficiency of tilapia fed LYFSB_10 % and LYFSB_20 %.

甜菜渣（SB）是一种常见的农用工业废料，可用于动物饲料。然而，由于其粗纤维含量高，鱼类很难消化。发酵过程可以提高 SB 副产品的营养价值。该研究利用鼠李糖乳杆菌和酵母（酿酒酵母）发酵 SB 废弃物，将其用作尼罗罗非鱼幼苗的豆粕替代品。这导致蛋白质、脂质、灰分和无氮提取物含量增加，而纤维含量减少。四种实验性等氮（粗蛋白：249.2 g kg-1）等热（毛能：18.25 MJ kg-1）日粮的配方如下：对照组日粮含 0 % LYFSB（鼠李糖球菌和酵母菌），对照组日粮含 0 % LYFSB（酵母菌），对照组日粮含 0 % LYFSB（鼠李糖球菌和酵母菌）。LYFSB10 %）、20 %（LYFSB20 %）和 30 %（LYFSB30 %）的对照日粮。将 180 尾尼罗罗非鱼幼苗（平均初始体重为 5.19 ± 0.02 克）随机放入 12 个圆形塑料水槽（容量为 60 升）中，每个水槽的放养密度为 15 尾鱼。随着罗非鱼日粮中 LYFSB 替代量的增加，亚硝酸盐和氨氮水平下降，而硝酸盐水平则呈现相反的趋势。浮游植物群落包括生物絮团系统中的 9 个物种和罗非鱼肠道内容物中的 4 个物种，其中叶绿藻是最常见的种类，在鱼饲料中数量最多（7805.67 个/毫升）。研究显示，LYFSB 对浮游动物群落有显著影响，生物絮凝水中以原生动物为主，罗非鱼肠道中以轮虫为主。LYFSB10 % 和 LYFSB20 % 的细菌数量最高。用 LYFSB10 % 和 LYFSB20 % 日粮喂养的鱼的特定生长率（2.51 % 天-1）和增重（24.92 克鱼-1）值最高。这些日粮还显示出胰蛋白酶、脂肪酶和淀粉酶活性水平的提高。在鱼类日粮中添加 LYFSB 作为 FM 的替代品，可改善鱼类的肠道和肝脏健康。添加 LYFSB10 % 和 LYFSB20 % 的日粮中球蛋白、总蛋白、白蛋白和 IgM 含量最高，两者之间无显著差异。喂食 LYFSB10 % 的鱼胆固醇和甘油三酯水平较低。喂食 LYFSB10 % 和 LYFSB20 % 的鱼的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性最高，而喂食 LYFSB30 % 的鱼的丙二醛（MDA）活性最低。研究表明，生物絮团系统改善了水质，提高了投喂 LYFSB10 % 和 LYFSB20 % 的罗非鱼的效率。

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引用次数: 0

The effect of biochar supplementation on feed utilization, milk production and methane emission in lactating dairy cows 补充生物炭对泌乳奶牛饲料利用率、产奶量和甲烷排放的影响

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Animal Feed Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116127

Marie T. Dittmann , Cem Baki , Melissa Terranova , Sergej L. Amelchanka , Sébastien Dubois , Andrea Wiget , Florian Leiber , Hans-Martin Krause , Stefan Baumann

There is an increasing trend in agriculture to use biochar (BC) as a means for carbon storage and soil improvement, and it has been suggested, that feeding BC to livestock can improve animal health and performance, and reduce enteric methane emissions. The aim of this study was to investigate if adding BC to a balanced ration of a group of lactating Holstein dairy cows had an effect on their milk yield and quality, methane emission, nutrient digestibility and health. In a crossover experiment lasting for two 36-day periods, eight cows received their basal ration with and without 1 % DM BC. During the last week of each period, the cows were kept in tie stalls where milk yield and composition, feed intake and nutrient digestibility, as well as blood parameters were quantified. On the last two days, methane emissions were measured in respiration chambers. The results indicate that there was no significant effect of the addition of BC on any of the measured variables. Voluntary intake was not affected by the addition of BC (P=0.52) and none of the cows exhibited health problems in response to the treatment. There was no increase in milk yield (P>0.46) or composition (P>0.23) and methane emissions were not significantly affected (P>0.37). While the beneficial effects of feeding BC to animals suffering from health problems or receiving a poor diet cannot be excluded, the data of this experiment indicate that BC is not an effective feed additive to improve performance or reduce methane emission in dairy cows.

在农业领域，使用生物炭（BC）作为碳储存和土壤改良手段的趋势日益明显，有研究表明，给牲畜饲喂生物炭可以改善动物健康和生产性能，并减少肠道甲烷排放。本研究的目的是调查在一组泌乳荷斯坦奶牛的平衡日粮中添加 BC 是否会对其牛奶产量和质量、甲烷排放、养分消化率和健康产生影响。在为期两个 36 天的交叉实验中，8 头奶牛分别接受添加和不添加 1% DM BC 的基础日粮。在每个阶段的最后一周，奶牛被关在拴系栏中，对其产奶量和成分、采食量和营养消化率以及血液参数进行量化。最后两天，在呼吸室中测量甲烷排放量。结果表明，添加 BC 对任何测量变量都没有显著影响。奶牛的自主采食量没有受到添加 BC 的影响（P=0.52），没有一头奶牛因添加 BC 而出现健康问题。奶产量（P>0.46）或成分（P>0.23）没有增加，甲烷排放量也没有受到显著影响（P>0.37）。虽然不能排除给有健康问题或日粮不良的动物饲喂 BC 有益的影响，但本实验的数据表明，BC 并不是提高奶牛生产性能或减少甲烷排放的有效饲料添加剂。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of feeding two types of concentrates in morning and evening meals and two types of fat supplement on diurnal patterns of plasma parameters in lactation dairy cows 早晚饲喂两种精料和补充两种脂肪对泌乳奶牛血浆参数昼夜变化规律的影响

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Animal Feed Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116128

Mohammad Hassan Mortazavi , Mahdi Ganjkhanlou , Abolfazl Zali , Mahdi Dehghan-Banadaky , Mostafa Sadeghi , J.Eduardo Rico

The diurnal patterns of feed intake and TMR composition influence blood parameters in dairy cows; however, the effect of feeding TMR with different compositions in the morning and evening meals is not well characterized. In a completely random design, forty Holstein cows (110 ± 30 days postpartum) were randomly assigned to four treatment groups, with 10 cows per treatment. The treatments were as follows: a base diet containing 50 % cereal starch from barley grain and 50 % cereal starch from corn grain in the morning and evening meal + either prilled fatty acids supplement (EqP) or calcium salts of fatty acids supplement (EqCS); a base diet containing 25 % cereal starch from barley grain, 75 % cereal starch from corn grain in the morning meal, and 75 % cereal starch from barley grain and 25 % cereal starch from corn grain in the evening meal + either prilled fatty acids supplement (DiP) or calcium salts of fatty acids supplement (DiCS). Dry matter intake was affected by treatments (P ˂ 0.01). The highest intake was observed for EqP, EqCS, DiP,and DiCS. 3.5 % fat-corrected milk and milk fat percentage was significantly higher for EqP than other treatments (P ˂ 0.01), but other milk components were not significantly different among treatments (P ˃ 0.05). A significant difference was observed for glucose, cholesterol, TG, AST, and insulin concentration among treatments (P ˂ 0.01). The concentrations of all plasma parameters (glucose, cholesterol, TG, BUN, AST, insulin, and NEFA) significantly changed over 24-h period (P ˂ 0.01). Plasma concentrations of glucose, cholesterol, TG, BUN, AST, insulin, and NEFA displayed a treatment-by-time interaction (P ˂ 0.01). In general, changes in the cereal starch ratio (corn and barley) in TMR in each meal during a day affect the 24-h concentration of plasma parameters, but there was no strong evidence of leverage for cows’ metabolism.

采食量和TMR成分的昼夜模式会影响奶牛的血液参数；然而，早晚饲喂不同成分的TMR所产生的影响还没有得到很好的描述。在完全随机设计中，40 头荷斯坦奶牛（产后 110 ± 30 天）被随机分配到四个处理组，每个处理组 10 头奶牛。处理方法如下基础日粮（早晚各一餐，其中大麦谷物淀粉和玉米谷物淀粉各占 50%）+脂肪酸颗粒补充剂 (EqP) 或脂肪酸钙盐补充剂 (EqCS)；基础日粮：早餐含 25% 的大麦粒谷物淀粉、75% 的玉米粒谷物淀粉，晚餐含 75% 的大麦粒谷物淀粉和 25% 的玉米粒谷物淀粉 + 预混脂肪酸添加剂 (DiP) 或脂肪酸钙盐添加剂 (DiCS)。干物质摄入量受不同处理的影响（P ˂ 0.01）。EqP、EqCS、DiP 和 DiCS 的摄入量最高。EqP 的 3.5 % 脂肪校正乳和乳脂率显著高于其他处理（P ˂ 0.01），但其他乳成分在不同处理间无显著差异（P ˃ 0.05）。葡萄糖、胆固醇、总胆固醇、谷草转氨酶和胰岛素的浓度在不同处理间存在明显差异（P ˂ 0.01）。所有血浆参数（葡萄糖、胆固醇、总胆固醇、BUN、谷草转氨酶、胰岛素和 NEFA）的浓度在 24 小时内均有显著变化（P ˂ 0.01）。血浆中葡萄糖、胆固醇、总胆固醇、BUN、AST、胰岛素和 NEFA 的浓度显示出处理与时间的交互作用（P ˂ 0.01）。总的来说，一天中每餐 TMR 中谷物淀粉比例（玉米和大麦）的变化会影响血浆参数的 24 小时浓度，但没有强有力的证据表明这种变化会影响奶牛的新陈代谢。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of acid and fermented silage hydrolysis time on protein fractionation and digestibility for Nile Tilapia 酸性和发酵青贮水解时间对尼罗罗非鱼蛋白质分馏和消化率的影响

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Animal Feed Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116126

L.M. Neira , A.M. Gonçalves , H. Buzollo , L.C.G. de Sandre , T.M.T. do Nascimento , J.J.O. Coutinho , J.M. Pizauro Junior , D.J. Carneiro

World aquaculture production currently demands sustainable protein ingredients that can compete with fishmeal regarding nutritional quality and economic feasibility. In this study, the protein fractionation of silages prepared with Nile tilapia processing waste (heads, spine, fins, and viscera) by two processes and three hydrolysis times was evaluated, considering the digestibility coefficients of its crude protein, amino acids, and gross energy of Nile tilapia juveniles. The apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) were determined using 360 Nile tilapia juveniles (9.36 ± 0.74 g) distributed in 18 tanks (150 L), following a completely randomized design with six treatments, in a factorial scheme of 2×3, with three replicates. The six test diets were composed of 69.5 % of the reference diet, 0.5 % chromium (III) oxide, and 30 % of either acid or fermented silages produced with three hydrolysis times (24, 96, and 192 hours). The results demonstrated that both the processing type and hydrolysis time influenced the profile and peptide fractions of the silages. The acid silage was faster in relation to the release of free α-amino groups and the degree of hydrolysis (DH), up to 192 hours of hydrolysis. After this period, the fermented silage showed a higher degree and speed of hydrolysis. SDS-PAGE demonstrated that a longer hydrolysis time increased the concentration of the protein band between 150 and 100 kDa, indicating a proliferation of microorganisms using the free amino acids produced during fermentation. Regarding the distribution of peptides, acid silage presented higher values for the concentration of polypeptides, slow degradation and proportion among fractions, with the appearance of di- and tripeptides, as well as free amino acids. For the fermented silage, a higher degradation of polypeptides into oligopeptides was verified, representing the highest fraction, with a small proportion of di- and tripeptides and free amino acids. ADC values were high for all amino acids and proteins, which was not observed for the mean values of energy ADC. The production of silages with 192 hours of hydrolysis proved to be viable, and the fermented processing revealed the highest ADC values in relation to most of the amino acids, thus being the most indicated to be incorporated in fish diets, favoring its utilization by small farmers and reducing the inadequate disposal of biodegradable waste, thereby avoiding environmental pollution.

目前，世界水产养殖生产需要在营养质量和经济可行性方面能与鱼粉竞争的可持续蛋白质配料。在这项研究中，考虑到尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼对粗蛋白、氨基酸和总能的消化率系数，对用尼罗罗非鱼加工废料（鱼头、鱼脊骨、鱼鳍和内脏）通过两种工艺和三种水解时间制备的青贮饲料的蛋白质分馏进行了评估。表观消化率系数（ADCs）是用 360 尾尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼（9.36 ± 0.74 克）测定的，这些幼鱼分布在 18 个水槽（150 升）中，采用完全随机设计，六个处理，2×3 的因子方案，三个重复。六种试验日粮由 69.5 % 的参考日粮、0.5 % 的氧化铬（III）和 30 % 的酸性或发酵青贮饲料组成，青贮饲料有三种水解时间（24、96 和 192 小时）。结果表明，加工类型和水解时间都会影响青贮饲料的概况和肽组分。在水解 192 小时内，酸性青贮饲料的游离 α - 氨基的释放和水解程度（DH）更快。之后，发酵青贮的水解程度和速度都有所提高。SDS-PAGE 显示，水解时间越长，150 和 100 kDa 之间的蛋白质条带浓度越高，这表明微生物利用发酵过程中产生的游离氨基酸进行了增殖。在肽的分布方面，酸性青贮的多肽浓度较高，降解速度较慢，各组分之间的比例较高，出现了二肽、三肽和游离氨基酸。在发酵青贮饲料中，多肽降解为低聚肽的比例较高，占最高比例，二肽、三肽和游离氨基酸的比例较小。所有氨基酸和蛋白质的 ADC 值都很高，而能量 ADC 的平均值却没有出现这种情况。事实证明，经过 192 小时水解生产青贮饲料是可行的，而且发酵加工显示大多数氨基酸的 ADC 值最高，因此最适合添加到鱼类日粮中，有利于小农户利用，并减少对可生物降解废物的不适当处理，从而避免环境污染。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of the extrusion process on the physical properties of micro pellets and the growth performance of juvenile Nile tilapia 挤压工艺对微丸物理性质和尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼生长性能的影响

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Animal Feed Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116122

Cláudia M.F. Epifânio , Francisco de M. Dantas , Flávio A.L. Da Fonseca , Giovani S. Gonçalves , Elisabete M. Macedo-Viegas , Ligia U. Gonçalves

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of different extrusion processes on the physical properties of micro pellets and how the alterations affect the growth performance of juvenile Nile tilapia. Four experimental diets were produced with the same formulation, but with different extrusion processes: CE: cold extrusion (18 ºC); HE: hot extrusion (100 ºC); D1: double extrusion, first a hot extrusion (100 ºC) of all the ingredients followed by cold extrusion (18 ºC); D2: double extrusion, first a hot extrusion (100 ºC) of the plant-based ingredients followed by mixing with the animal-based ingredients and milling, then cold extrusion (18 ºC). Juvenile tilapia (0.83 ± 0.01 g; 3.68 ± 0.19 cm) were distributed in 20 experimental units (60 L; n=5; 20 fish per unit) in a completely randomized design for four weeks. The micro pellets of the experimental HE diet presented a positive expansion rate (2.86 ± 0.45 %) and a lower bulk density (465.9 ± 3.45 g/L). The D1 and D2 micro pellets presented higher bulk density (671.0 ± 2.98 and 612.8 ± 4.99 g/L, respectively). All the micro pellets showed high durability (>95 %). The D2 micro pellets showed low water resistance (24.4 ± 3.51 %), resulting in a high leaching rate of nutrients (>68 %). The HE and D1 micro pellets showed a higher absorption rate in water (3.65 ± 0.29 and 3.66 ± 0.21 g water/g, respectively). The water solubility index of the micro pellets was not influenced by the different extrusion processes (P > 0.05), nor were survival and feed consumption. The fish fed with the HE diet showed greater weight gain (3.84 ± 0.44 g), and the lowest weight gain was in the fish fed with the CE diet (3.05 ± 0.39 g) (P < 0.05). Feed conversion was lower in fish fed the HE (1.06) and D1 (1.11) diets (P < 0.05). Fish fed the HE diet had the highest values for relative growth rate (9.08 ± 0.62 %/d), protein retention (30.6 ± 2.61 %) and protein efficiency (2.26 ± 0.22 %) (P < 0.05). Fish fed the CE diet had the lowest values for relative growth rate (7.82 ± 0.51 %/d), protein retention (21.4 ± 2.72 %) and protein efficiency (1.55 ± 0.23 %) (P < 0.05), though the values are in line with those in the literature. In conclusion, hot extrusion resulted in micro pellets with better physical properties and fish with higher growth performance. Double extrusion, first a hot extrusion of the plant-based ingredients followed by mixing with the animal-based ingredients and milling, then cold extrusion is not recommended due to high levels of nutrient leaching. Cold extrusion and double extrusion, first a hot extrusion of all the ingredients followed by cold extrusion processing can be considered for producing micro diets for juvenile tilapia, especially when less investment in the extrusion process is desired.

本研究旨在评估不同挤压工艺对微丸物理特性的影响，以及这些改变如何影响尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼的生长性能。四种实验日粮配方相同，但挤压工艺不同：CE：冷挤压（18 ºC）；HE：热挤压（100 ºC）；D1：双挤压，首先对所有成分进行热挤压（100 ºC），然后进行冷挤压（18 ºC）；D2：双挤压，首先对植物性成分进行热挤压（100 ºC），然后与动物性成分混合并研磨，最后进行冷挤压（18 ºC）。幼年罗非鱼（0.83 ± 0.01 克；3.68 ± 0.19 厘米）按完全随机设计被分配到 20 个实验单元（60 升；n=5；每个单元 20 条鱼），为期四周。HE 试验日粮的微颗粒呈现正膨胀率（2.86 ± 0.45 %）和较低的体积密度（465.9 ± 3.45 g/L）。D1 和 D2 微丸的体积密度较高（分别为 671.0 ± 2.98 和 612.8 ± 4.99 克/升）。所有微丸都表现出较高的耐久性（95%）。D2 微丸的抗水性较低（24.4 ± 3.51 %），导致养分浸出率较高（68 %）。HE 和 D1 微丸在水中的吸收率较高（分别为 3.65 ± 0.29 和 3.66 ± 0.21 克水/克）。微丸的水溶性指数不受不同挤压工艺的影响（P > 0.05），存活率和饲料消耗量也不受影响。饲喂 HE 日粮的鱼增重较大（3.84 ± 0.44 g），而饲喂 CE 日粮的鱼增重最小（3.05 ± 0.39 g）（P <0.05）。饲喂 HE（1.06）和 D1（1.11）日粮的鱼的饲料转化率较低（P < 0.05）。饲喂 HE 日粮的鱼的相对生长率（9.08 ± 0.62 %/d）、蛋白质保留率（30.6 ± 2.61 %）和蛋白质效率（2.26 ± 0.22 %）值最高（P <0.05）。饲喂 CE 日粮的鱼的相对生长率（7.82 ± 0.51 %/d）、蛋白质保留率（21.4 ± 2.72 %）和蛋白质效率（1.55 ± 0.23 %）的值最低（P <0.05），尽管这些值与文献中的值一致。总之，热挤压可获得物理性质更好的微颗粒，鱼的生长性能也更高。不建议采用双重挤压法，即先热挤压植物性成分，然后与动物性成分混合并碾磨，最后进行冷挤压，因为这样会造成营养物质的大量沥出。冷挤压和双挤压，即先热挤压所有配料，然后进行冷挤压加工，可用于生产罗非鱼幼鱼的微量日粮，尤其是在希望减少挤压过程投资的情况下。

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引用次数: 0

Polysaccharides from Enteromorpha prolifera improve growth performance and are involved in regulation of immune responses and microbial communities in the sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka, 1867) 肠藻多糖能改善海参（Apostichopus japonicus）（Selenka，1867 年）的生长性能，并参与调节其免疫反应和微生物群落

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Animal Feed Science and Technology

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116121

Xiao Li , Ying Wang , Hongyan Li , Tianhong Liu , Yuanqin Sun , Lei Ji , Xiaodong Jiang

A 70-day feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of supplementing Apostichopus japonicus with polysaccharides from Enteromorpha prolifera (PEP) on growth performance, biochemical composition, immune responses, and microbial communities. Different proportions of PEP (0, 0.2,1, 5, and 25 g/kg) were respectively added to the basal diet. Dietary 5 g/kg PEP induced an increase in final weights and specific growth rates (SGR), while decreasing the ingestion rate (IR) and feed conversion efficiency (FCE). Moisture contents and crude protein levels of sea cucumber were not significantly affected by PEP supplementation. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and acid phosphatase (ACP) activities were elevated by dietary 1 g/kg PEP supplementation. Alkaline phosphatase (AKP), total anti-oxidative (T-AOC), lysozyme (LZM), and catalase (CAT) activities were enhanced by dietary 5 g/kg PEP. Sea cucumbers fed with 5 g/kg PEP exhibited higher levels of lys and cystain, and suppressed rel levels. Based on 16S rRNA sequencing, it was found that dietary 5 g/kg PEP increased the relative abundances of Proteobacteria and Firmicutes, while decreasing the relative abundances of Lutibacter and Vibrio. In general overview, dietary 5 g/kg PEP improves growth performance, enhances non-specific immunity, and modulates intestinal microbial composition of A. japonicus.

我们进行了一项为期 70 天的饲养实验，以研究在日本狎鸥补充肠藻多糖（PEP）对其生长性能、生化成分、免疫反应和微生物群落的影响。在基础日粮中分别添加不同比例的 PEP（0、0.2、1、5 和 25 克/千克）。每公斤日粮中添加 5 克 PEP 可提高最终体重和特定生长率（SGR），同时降低摄食率（IR）和饲料转化效率（FCE）。海参的水分含量和粗蛋白水平并未受到添加聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇的显著影响。日粮中添加 1 克/千克 PEP 会提高超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和酸性磷酸酶（ACP）的活性。膳食中添加 5 克/千克 PEP 可提高碱性磷酸酶 (AKP)、总抗氧化性 (T-AOC)、溶菌酶 (LZM) 和过氧化氢酶 (CAT) 的活性。喂食 5 克/千克 PEP 的海参表现出较高的溶菌酶和胱抑素水平，并抑制了 rel 水平。根据 16S rRNA 测序发现，膳食 5 克/千克 PEP 增加了变形菌和固缩菌的相对丰度，而降低了泸特菌和弧菌的相对丰度。综上所述，每千克日粮中添加 5 克 PEP 可提高日本鹅的生长性能、增强非特异性免疫力并调节肠道微生物组成。

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