Animal Feed Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Economic and productive impacts of dietary turnip (Brassica rapa) leaf powder on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings","authors":"Samia Fawzy ,&nbsp;Sara Mohammed ,&nbsp;Haitham G. Abo-Al-Ela ,&nbsp;Mohamed A. Helal ,&nbsp;Seham El-Kassas","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116622","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116622","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study investigated the impact of the dietary inclusion of dried turnip leaf (DTL) powder on growth performance, hematological and immunological parameters, serum biochemistry, antioxidant and digestive enzyme activity, gut health and economic efficiency indices in mono-sex Nile tilapia. A total of 225 mono-sex Nile tilapia (<em>Oreochromis niloticus</em>) with an average weight of 2.13 ± 0.5 g were randomly assigned to five treatments, with three replicates each resulting in 15 glass aquaria (each containing 15 fingerlings). The DTL powder was included at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 % of the diet for DTL0, DTL2, DTL4, DTL6, and DTL8, respectively, and the experiment lasted for 65 days. The chemical analysis of DTL revealed several compounds, with <em>p</em>-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid, and caffeic acid present at the highest levels. The results revealed a significant improvement in Nile tilapia growth performance and feed utilization, as confirmed by increases in final weight, body weight gain, SGR, and PER and improvements in FCR, with a peak of 6 % DTL. The improved growth performance was correlated with enhanced gut health manifested by improved intestinal histomorphological features, reducing the total bacterial count with a favorable shift to beneficial <em>Lactobacillus</em> (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, the dietary inclusion of DTL powder markedly increased hematological indices (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), including the levels of antioxidants (SOD and CAT), accompanied by a reduction in the phagocytic activity of MDA and lysozyme activity without altering the serum lipid profile (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Profitability and economic efficiency were also enhanced in all the DTL-containing groups, peaking at 6 % DTL (<em>P</em> ≤ 0.001). Therefore, the dietary incorporation of up to 6 % DTL powder could be a cost-effective alternative feed ingredient to increase the growth, feed utilization, general health, and immunity of Nile tilapia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"333 ","pages":"Article 116622"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145883168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Easy, on-site applicable DNA extraction in combination with LAMP analysis for the early detection of DNA derived from processed animal proteins in poultry feed","authors":"Marleen M. Voorhuijzen-Harink ,&nbsp;Vittorio Saggiomo ,&nbsp;Bas J. Fronen ,&nbsp;Theo W. Prins ,&nbsp;Valerie van der Vorst ,&nbsp;Toine F.H. Bovee ,&nbsp;Aldrik H. Velders ,&nbsp;Gert IJ. Salentijn","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116616","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116616","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The use of processed animal proteins (PAPs) has been re-authorized in feed materials, but the ban on cannibalism is still in place. Food safety authorities perform controls in feed-producing factories, but send limited numbers of samples to official control laboratories, as current methods are time-consuming. Food safety control would, therefore, benefit from early on-site identification of potentially high-risk sample streams with a higher chance of intra-species cross-contamination of the produced feed. In addition, feed producers would benefit from simple assays to check their (ingredient or semi-) materials for potentially fraudulent admixtures or contaminations. To enable fast detection and to address both costs and speed, we developed easy-to-use, on-site applicable loop-mediated amplification (LAMP) assays for the detection of poultry (i.e. chicken, turkey, ducks, geese, and helmeted guineafowl as defined by the European Commission) in highly processed feed materials. Additionally, to demonstrate applicability on-site, the developed DNA-based LAMP assays were combined with easy-to-use DNA extraction and amplification devices, resulting in an entire workflow of less than one hour. The performance of the developed assays was evaluated by testing fresh and processed meat mixtures spiked with poultry meat, and highly processed poultry feed materials spiked with poultry PAPs. A comparison of LAMP with the EURL-AP recommended laboratory qPCR method showed that LAMP performs similarly as qPCR regarding the detection of spiked chicken or turkey meat in fresh meat mixtures, namely 0.1 %, but qPCR was found to be slightly more sensitive for the detection of poultry PAPs in highly processed feed materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"333 ","pages":"Article 116616"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145847626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the mechanism by which Lactiplantibacillus plantarum modulates alfalfa silage quality and antioxidant phytochemical accumulation through integrated microbiome–metabolomics analysis","authors":"Yuqian Liu ,&nbsp;Ze Wang ,&nbsp;Wenting Gou ,&nbsp;Jia Fu ,&nbsp;Mengxue Liu ,&nbsp;Nanyi Zhang ,&nbsp;Qiang Si ,&nbsp;Hongmei Shang","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116621","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116621","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Investigating the effects of different <em>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</em> additives on silage quality and metabolic pathways is highly important for ensuring livestock product safety. This study examined how <em>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</em> strains LP1 and H8 influence alfalfa silage quality, fermentation characteristics, antioxidant activity, and microbial communities over ensiling periods of 6, 15, 30, 45, and 60 days. The addition amount of <em>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</em> was 1 × 10⁶ CFU/g fresh weight, and an equal volume of distilled water was added to the control group. After 60 days of ensiling, microbiome and metabolome analyses were performed to explore their potential functions and mechanistic contributions to the silage fermentation process. The <em>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</em>-treated silage presented significantly (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) lower pH and ammonia nitrogen levels but greater preservation of crude protein, along with increased lactic acid, total phenolic, and flavonoid contents and radical-scavenging activity, indicating superior nutrient conservation in the alfalfa silage. Microbiome analysis revealed the bacterial community structure of alfalfa silage, demonstrating that <em>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</em>-inoculated silage was characterized by a relatively high abundance of <em>Lactiplantibacillus</em> and the effective inhibition of undesirable microorganisms (<em>Stenotrophomonas</em> and <em>Chryseobacterium</em>). Notably, metabolomics analysis confirmed significant metabolic alterations in <em>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</em>-inoculated alfalfa silage. The treatment markedly increased the contents of flavonoid compounds, including (-)-epigallocatechin, (+)-catechin, farrerol, and apigenin. Correlation analysis revealed <em>Lactobacillus</em> and <em>Sphingomonas</em> as key microbial drivers of antioxidant metabolite production in <em>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</em>-treated silage. Overall, <em>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</em> inoculation profoundly influences silage quality, microbial composition, and metabolic pathways by increasing the bacterial abundance and flavonoid content, thereby improving fermentation characteristics and antioxidant capacity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"332 ","pages":"Article 116621"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145837713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the impact of yeast products, herbs, and dried chokeberry on growth performance, antioxidant and immune status, feeding activity, and residual effects in young fattening bulls","authors":"W. Bendowski ,&nbsp;M. Zielińska-Górska ,&nbsp;M. Roguski ,&nbsp;M. Asztemborski ,&nbsp;Ł. Gruz ,&nbsp;A. Łozicki","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116619","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116619","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to investigate the effects of yeast-based, and phytogenic additives on immunity, activity, and production performance in young fattening bulls. The experiment involved ninety-six Limousine bulls (weight 400 ± 30 kg), divided into eight groups (12 animals each). It lasted 160 days and was divided into two phases. In the first phase (days 1–80), animals received standard diet with dietary additives: control (CON - no additive), symbiotic yeast (Y1 −5 g/kg DM TMR), selenium-enriched yeast (Y2 - 3.5 g/kg DM TMR), dried chokeberry pomace (CB1 – 13 g/kg DM TMR, CB2 – 22 g/kg DM TMR), herbal mixtures (H1 - 9 g/kg DM TMR, H2 - 13 g/kg DM TMR), and a combination of chokeberry pomace and herbs (CBH-13 g + 9 g/kg DM TMR). The herbal mixture contained marshmallow leaves, lovage root, thyme, and garlic. In the second phase (days 81–160), all animals were fed only standard diet to assess the residual effects of the additives. Animal activity was continuously monitored during the experiment. Weight measurements and blood samples were taken at 40, 80, and 160 days to assess antioxidant potential, immunoglobulin levels and biochemical markers. H2 showed the highest daily weight gain for both stages, while the CON had the lowest (p ≤ 0.01). At the end of the experiment, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was higher in H1, while IgG increased in Y2, CB1, H1, and CBH groups compare to CON. IgM and IgA were higher in H1 and H2 (p ≤ 0.01). Futhermore, animals in CB2 and H1 groups spent less time feeding and ruminating but were more inactive. In conclusion, the study demonstrated that natural additives can positively influenced growth, health indicators, antioxidant potential, and animal behavior, even 80 days after their withdrawal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"332 ","pages":"Article 116619"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145837715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silibinin supplementation alleviates weaning stress in Holstein calves through improved growth, antioxidant response, and gut microbiota","authors":"X.L. Zhang,&nbsp;X.T. Guan,&nbsp;Y.X. Cao,&nbsp;J.X. Ma,&nbsp;D. Gnagna,&nbsp;X.J. Yin,&nbsp;Y. Li","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116620","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116620","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the effects of dietary silibinin (SLB) supplementation on growth performance, immune status, stress-related plasma biomarkers, and gut microflora composition in Holstein calves. Twenty neonatal female Holstein calves (initial body weight: 42.18 ± 2.65 kg) were assigned to two dietary treatments using a randomized block design, stratified by age and weight. The control group (CON; n = 10) received a basal diet with hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (vehicle). The experimental group (n = 10) received the basal diet supplemented with 3.25 mg SLB per kg body weight as a feed additive. During the 61-day experimental period, the calves had ad libitum access to starter feed and water while housed in individual 1.5 m³ calf pens, with rice husks used as bedding, which was replaced every two days. The calves were weaned 56 days of age. Significant improvements in growth performance, including greater final body weight, higher average daily gain, and increased dry matter intake in the pre-weaning phase, were observed with SLB supplementation. Additionally, SLB enhanced fecal scores, antioxidant status and immune function during milk feeding. Plasma analyses revealed reduced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) and lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde), alongside increased immunoglobulin levels (IgG, IgM) and total superoxide dismutase activity. Furthermore, SLB supplementation improved fecal pH and increased fecal volatile fatty acid concentration both pre- and post-weaning. Microflora analysis indicated minimal shifts in dominant phyla within the hindgut pre- and post-weaning. However, SLB supplementation increased the relative abundance of <em>Bacteroidota</em> while decreasing <em>Firmicutes</em> and <em>Actinobacteriota</em>. At the genus level, SLB increased <em>UCG-005, Lachnoclostridium</em>, <em>Prevotella</em>, and <em>Ruminococcus</em>, but decreased <em>Lactobacillus</em> and <em>Peptoclostridium</em>. Metabolomic analysis of the fecal samples indicated that SLB induced enrichment in pathways for flavonoid biosynthesis, secondary bile acid biosynthesis, and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. It increased the production of bile acid metabolites, amino acids, and nicotinic acid, while reducing concentrations of malic acid and citric acid. These results demonstrate that SLB supplementation mitigates stress responses and deleterious effects associated with weaning by enhancing growth performance, antioxidant capacity, gut microflora composition, and intestinal health parameters in dairy calves. This study provides valuable insights into the potential application of SLB in young ruminant nutrition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"333 ","pages":"Article 116620"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145883167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of dietary protein levels and temperature on growth and physiology of Penaeus monodon","authors":"Zhihong Liao ,&nbsp;Mengdie Chen ,&nbsp;Xinyu Gu ,&nbsp;Xiaomin Li ,&nbsp;Wenrui Zhang ,&nbsp;Tao Ye ,&nbsp;Wei Zhao ,&nbsp;Maolong He ,&nbsp;Dong Li ,&nbsp;Jin Niu","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116623","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116623","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate change-induced cold snaps threaten the <em>Penaeus monodon</em> industry. This study examined the impact of three dietary protein levels (42 %, 44 %, 47 %) at two temperature conditions (27–30°C or 19–21°C). Following an 8-week feeding trial, the findings revealed that low temperature (19–21°C) significantly reduced growth, feed utilization, and digestive enzyme activity, but enhanced antioxidant and immune functions, shown by lower malondialdehyde (MDA) and higher total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), and lysozyme (LZM). Both 44 % and 47 % protein levels improved growth and survival regardless of temperature. Conversely, at a culture temperature of 27–30°C, an increase in protein levels resulted in elevated MDA content in <em>Penaeus monodon.</em> At low temperature (19–21°C), MDA contents remained unchanged (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05), while antioxidant capacity initially rose and then fell with higher protein levels. This indicated that <em>Penaeus monodon</em>'s physiology and metabolism at low temperature (19–21°C) differ significantly from those at normal temperature (27–30°C). Transcriptomic analysis (47 % protein) revealed temperature-induced differentially expressed genes primarily involved in glucose/lipid metabolism, growth, antioxidant pathways, and immunity. This suggests protein supplementation is necessary under low temperature, but protein oversupply at normal temperature induces oxidative damage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"332 ","pages":"Article 116623"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145837479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary substitution of conventional forage resources with camelina seed pods as a novel feed ingredient on rumen parameters, blood metabolites, microbial protein synthesis, nutrient intake, growth performance and behavioral responses in fattening lambs","authors":"Ayoub Azizi ,&nbsp;Alireza Jolazadeh ,&nbsp;Afrooz Sharifi ,&nbsp;Mohammad Javad Khalifeh","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116617","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116617","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study evaluated the effects of graded levels of camelina seed pods (CSP) on rumen fermentation parameters, blood metabolites, microbial protein synthesis (MPS), feeding behavior, nutrient intake and growth performance in fattening lambs. Forty Afshari male lambs (22.6 ± 2.21 kg BW; 101 ± 10 d of age) were assigned to four isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diets containing 0, 80, 160, or 240 g CSP/kg dry matter (DM). Ruminal fermentation was characterized by an elevation in propionate concentration (L, <em>P</em> = 0.04), which consequently led to a reduction in the acetate-to-propionate ratio (<em>P</em> = 0.04), while concentrations of other volatile fatty acids remained unaffected. Plasma glucose concentration exhibited a positive linear response (L, <em>P</em> = 0.04), whereas other blood metabolites were unchanged (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05). Absorbed purine derivatives and MPS increased linearly with CSP supplementation (L, <em>P</em> = 0.03). Feeding behavior analysis showed a linear decline in rumination and chewing time relative to dry matter intake with no effect on eating time (P &gt; 0.05). Increasing dietary CSP inclusion resulted in a linear increase in non-fiber carbohydrate and rumen degradable protein intake (L, <em>P</em> = 0.01), accompanied by reductions in neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent lignin and rumen undegradable protein intake (L, <em>P</em> = 0.01). Growth performance improved, with average daily gain increasing linearly from 292 g/d in CSP0–310 g/d in CSP240 (L, <em>P</em> = 0.05), while feed conversion ratio remained unaffected (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05). Although our results demonstrated the possibility of including CSP in lamb diets up to 240 g/kg without negative effects on overall performance, the noticeable changes in feeding behavior and the rumen fermentation process require further research to understand their long-term effects on digestive health. CSP inclusion enhances nutrient utilization, improves ruminal fermentation efficiency, and increases microbial protein yield, thereby representing a sustainable alternative feed resource in small ruminant production systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"332 ","pages":"Article 116617"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145837714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving sorghum silage utilization by soybean incorporation and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum A1 inoculation: Effect on in vitro digestibility and sheep performance","authors":"S. Usman ,&nbsp;Y. Zhang ,&nbsp;N. Abdelraheem ,&nbsp;P. Wu ,&nbsp;S.J. Umar ,&nbsp;R.Y. Aderinboye ,&nbsp;D. Xu ,&nbsp;Y.Y. Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116613","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116613","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The utilization of sorghum silage is constrained by its high fiber content and relatively low crude protein (CP). To address these challenges, this study incorporated whole-plant soybean to improve the CP content and inoculated the silage with <em>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</em> A1 (a producer of fiber-degrading ferulic acid esterase (FAE) enzyme) to enhance the breakdown of structural carbohydrates. In the initial <em>in vitro</em> experiment, whole-plant soybean was incorporated at 0 %, 25 %, and 50 % levels, either uninoculated or inoculated with <em>L. plantarum</em> A1 at 5 × 10⁶ CFU/g fresh weight. Subsequently, four dietary treatments were made from the silages: 1. uninoculated 0 % whole-plant soybean incorporated sorghum silage (uninoculated 0 % SI-diet), 2. Uninoculated 50 % whole-plant soybean incorporated sorghum silage (uninoculated 50 % SI-diet), 3. inoculated 0 % whole-plant soybean incorporated sorghum silage (inoculated 0 % SI-diet), and 4. inoculated 50 % whole-plant soybean incorporated sorghum silage (inoculated 50 % SI-diet), and fed to forty male lambs for 11 weeks. Incorporating 50 % whole-plant soybean into the sorghum silage with <em>L. plantarum</em> A1 inoculation was found to significantly improved <em>in vitro</em> dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), CP digestibility (CPD) and acid detergent fiber digestibility (ADFD) with a reduced <em>in vitro</em> methane production by 4 % (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The lambs fed 50 % SI-diet had higher dry matter intake (DMI) (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), with those fed inoculated 50 % SI-diet having higher average daily gain (ADG) (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) and marginally significant feed efficiency (FE) (<em>P</em> = 0.14). Significantly higher rumen acetate, propionate and total volatile fatty acids (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) were found in lambs fed inoculated 50 % SI-diet (which had improved IVDMD, CPD and ADFD and lower methane). The genus <em>Prevotella</em> dominated the rumen fermentation of the lambs, with <em>Succiniclasticum</em> having significant abundance in the inoculated 0 % SI-diet group while unidentified<em>_S24–7</em> and unclassified<em>_Bacteroidales</em> having significant abundance in the inoculated 50 % SI-diet group according to linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and effect size measurement (LEfSe) analysis. The physiological parameters of the lambs were within the range considered healthy. Additionally, lambs in the inoculated 50 % SI-diet group exhibited enhanced antioxidant status, especially higher catalase (CAT) activity in the rumen fluid and serum (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Therefore, incorporating 50 % of whole-plant soybean into sorghum silage with FAE producing <em>L. plantarum</em> A1 inoculation improved the silage utilization, animals’ growth performance as well as their physiological and health status.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"332 ","pages":"Article 116613"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145837710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling methane emissions from ruminant diets with variable forage-to-concentrate ratios and retention times – An in vitro evaluation","authors":"Mariana Vadroňová ,&nbsp;Giorgio Menni ,&nbsp;Petra Fant ,&nbsp;Mohammad Ramin","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116611","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116611","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to improve the predictive accuracy of <em>in vitro</em> models for estimating <em>in vivo</em> methane (CH₄) emissions in Nordic dairy systems by evaluating five forage-to-concentrate (F:C) ratios and incorporating a modelling approach based on ruminal mean retention time (MRT). The tested ratios included 100:0 (100 F), 80:20 (80 F), 60:40 (60 F), 40:60 (40 F), and 20:80 (20 F), where 100 F consisted solely of grass silage, and the remaining diets incorporated barley grain and rapeseed meal as concentrate. All diets were balanced for crude protein (20 % DM), but ether extract and neutral detergent fiber content decreased as concentrate levels increased. To improve the biological relevance of <em>in vitro</em> results, CH₄ production was corrected using a ruminal MRT model to better simulate <em>in vivo</em> conditions. Higher concentrate inclusion linearly increased (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) total gas and predicted <em>in vivo</em> CH₄ production. However, after applying MRT adjustments, the modified model reduced the variation in CH₄ predictions across F:C ratios, resulting in values that more closely reflected expected <em>in vivo</em> emissions. The pH declined (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) at lower F:C ratios. Organic matter degradability (OMD) followed a quadratic pattern (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), peaking in 60 F and 40 F diets and decreasing in 100 F and 20 F. While total volatile fatty acid concentrations were unaffected by F:C ratio, acetate proportion declined linearly (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) as concentrate increased, whereas isobutyric and butyric acid proportions rose. Overall, these findings support the application of MRT-adjusted models to enhance the alignment between <em>in vitro</em> predictions and <em>in vivo</em> CH₄ emissions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"332 ","pages":"Article 116611"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145837711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of supplemental protease on amino acid digestibility and energy concentrations in corn-derived protein and palm kernel expellers fed to nursery pigs","authors":"Yeojin An ,&nbsp;Yoon Soo Song ,&nbsp;Jong Woong Kim ,&nbsp;Beob Gyun Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116615","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116615","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of the present study was to examine the effects of supplemental protease on standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) in corn-derived protein (CDP) and palm kernel expellers (PKE) fed to nursery pigs. Additionally, this study aimed to determine the concentrations of digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) in CDP and PKE in nursery pigs. In experiment 1, eight barrows with an initial body weight of 12.9 kg (standard deviation = 1.3) were surgically fitted with T-cannulas at the end of ileum to determine the SID of AA. A replicated 4 × 5 incomplete Latin square design was used. Four experimental diets were prepared in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement for the 2 ingredients as the sole source of AA with or without supplemental protease. In experiment 2, six barrows with an initial body weight of 12.9 kg (standard deviation = 1.3) were used to determine the DE and ME in CDP and PKE. The pigs were assigned to 3 experimental diets in a replicated 3 × 4 incomplete Latin square design. A basal diet consisted of corn and soybean meal as the sole sources of energy. Two additional diets were formulated by replacing the basal diet with CDP at 200 g/kg or PKE at 300 g/kg. The animals were individually housed in metabolism crates for the collection of feces and urine. The SID of crude protein and all AA in CDP was greater (P &lt; 0.05) than in PKE. The supplemental protease did not affect SID of AA except Met. The concentrations of DE and ME in CDP were greater (P &lt; 0.001) than those in PKE. Overall, the SID of CP and AA in CDP was greater than in PKE. The supplemental protease had no effect on the SID of AA in CDP and PKE in nursery pigs. Corn-derived protein contained greater concentrations of DE and ME than PKE.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"332 ","pages":"Article 116615"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145837675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}