Pub Date : 2024-10-28DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116140
Liang Luo , Xianwei Meng , Shihui Wang , Rui Zhang , Kun Guo , Gaochao Wang , Wei Wang , Zhigang Zhao
Polysaccharides from yam (Rhizoma Dioscoreae) can be used as immunopotentiators in aquaculture; however, the protective mechanism of adding them to feed for Bulatmai barbel (LucioBarbus capito) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of adding yam polysaccharide (YP) to feed for 8 weeks on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, gene expression, and intestinal flora of the Bulatmai barbel. The experimental groups were fed a diet including 0.1 %, 0.2 %, 0.4 %, and 0.8 % YP, whereas the diet of the control group contained no added YP, with three replicates per group. The results showed that the addition of YP significantly increased the weight gain rate and specific growth rate of the Bulatmai barbel, which were significantly higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05). The growth effect of the 0.4 % YP (279.77 ± 17.43 g) experimental group was significantly better than that of the other experimental groups, and the feed coefficient (49.35 ± 4.67 g) was significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05). The addition of YP significantly improved immune activity and antioxidant capacity of the liver; HSP70 expression decreased and AKP and SOD expression levels significantly increased in the 0.40 % YP group (P < 0.05). In addition, the relative abundance of intestinal bacteria increased for Fusobacteriota and Firmicutes but decreased in Proteobacteria in the experimental groups compared with the control group. At the genus level, Cetobacterium was the dominant bacterium. With an increase in YP concentration, the relative abundance of Cetobacterium increased, whereas that of Pseudomonas and Phreatobacter decreased. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with 0.4 % YP significantly improved growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and gene expression; and regulated intestinal microbial diversity and floral structure in the Bulatmai barbel.
{"title":"Yam (Rhizoma Dioscoreae) polysaccharide affects growth performance, immunity, and intestinal microbial community in Bulatmai barbel (LucioBarbus capito)","authors":"Liang Luo , Xianwei Meng , Shihui Wang , Rui Zhang , Kun Guo , Gaochao Wang , Wei Wang , Zhigang Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116140","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116140","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polysaccharides from yam (Rhizoma Dioscoreae) can be used as immunopotentiators in aquaculture; however, the protective mechanism of adding them to feed for Bulatmai barbel (<em>LucioBarbus capito</em>) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of adding yam polysaccharide (YP) to feed for 8 weeks on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, gene expression, and intestinal flora of the Bulatmai barbel. The experimental groups were fed a diet including 0.1 %, 0.2 %, 0.4 %, and 0.8 % YP, whereas the diet of the control group contained no added YP, with three replicates per group. The results showed that the addition of YP significantly increased the weight gain rate and specific growth rate of the Bulatmai barbel, which were significantly higher than those of the control group (<em>P</em> < 0.05). The growth effect of the 0.4 % YP (279.77 ± 17.43 g) experimental group was significantly better than that of the other experimental groups, and the feed coefficient (49.35 ± 4.67 g) was significantly lower than that of the control group (<em>P</em> < 0.05). The addition of YP significantly improved immune activity and antioxidant capacity of the liver; <em>HSP70</em> expression decreased and <em>AKP</em> and <em>SOD</em> expression levels significantly increased in the 0.40 % YP group (<em>P</em> < 0.05). In addition, the relative abundance of intestinal bacteria increased for <em>Fusobacteriota</em> and <em>Firmicutes</em> but decreased in <em>Proteobacteria</em> in the experimental groups compared with the control group. At the genus level, <em>Cetobacterium</em> was the dominant bacterium. With an increase in YP concentration, the relative abundance of <em>Cetobacterium</em> increased, whereas that of <em>Pseudomonas</em> and <em>Phreatobacter</em> decreased. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with 0.4 % YP significantly improved growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and gene expression; and regulated intestinal microbial diversity and floral structure in the Bulatmai barbel.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"318 ","pages":"Article 116140"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142552911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-28DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116141
G.M. Chandan , Dhalongsiah Reang , Shrinivas Jahageerdar , Narottam Prasad Sahu , Manish Jayant , Parimal Sardar , P. Arya , Mohd Ashraf Malik , N. Shamna
To optimize the dietary crude protein (CP) levels on the reproductive performance of genetically selected magur (Clarius magur), a 90-day feeding trial was conducted. One hundred and fifty brooders, ranging from 95.33 to 96.16 g, in a 1:1 male-to-female ratio, to fifteen 1000 L tanks, with each treatment replicated thrice were distributed following a completely randomized design. Five semi-purified diets with differing protein levels (25 %, P25; 30 %, P30; 35 %, P35; 40 %, P40; and 45 %, P45) were prepared for the trial. The results displayed that fish fed diets comprising 35 % and 40 % dietary crude protein (CP) exhibited higher specific growth rate (SGR), respectively. Similarly, these groups had higher weight gain percent (WG%) with reduced feed conversion ratio (FCR), respectively in comparison to other groups. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) of females significantly increased (P < 0.05) up to 40 % protein levels and then decreased, while males exhibited reduced values only in the P45 group. Both male and female hepatosomatic index (HSI) increased significantly (P < 0.05) with increasing dietary CP levels. Dietary CP level increment resulted in decreased visceral fat index in females but had no effect on males. Absolute and relative fecundity significantly (P < 0.05) increased up to 40 % dietary protein level. Estradiol levels in females increased with rising protein levels up to 40 %, but decreased at the 45 % level. Conversely, 17-α,20-β di-hydroxy progesterone (DHP) increased significantly in females from 35 % to 45 % protein level, while males exhibited the highest levels at 30 % and 35 % protein levels. In males, mRNA expression of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) was lowest, whereas luteinising hormone receptor (LHR) and 11β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β HSD) expression increased in the P30 and P35 groups (P < 0.05). Females showed significantly increased mRNA expression of LHR and CYP19a1 (Cytochrome p450 aromatase) in P35 and P40 groups (P < 0.05). Regarding reproductive performance metrics such as fertilization rate (%), hatching rate (%), and larval survival (%), the P35 and P40 groups exhibited significantly higher values (P < 0.05). Second-order polynomial regression and broken line analysis revealed the optimum dietary CP for magur broodstock based on GSI was 36.79 %, while based on reproductive performance, it ranged between 36.1 % and 36.14 %.
{"title":"Dietary protein requirement in genetically selected magur (Clarias magur) broodstock: Expression of reproduction related genes","authors":"G.M. Chandan , Dhalongsiah Reang , Shrinivas Jahageerdar , Narottam Prasad Sahu , Manish Jayant , Parimal Sardar , P. Arya , Mohd Ashraf Malik , N. Shamna","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116141","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116141","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To optimize the dietary crude protein (CP) levels on the reproductive performance of genetically selected magur (<em>Clarius magur</em>), a 90-day feeding trial was conducted. One hundred and fifty brooders, ranging from 95.33 to 96.16 g, in a 1:1 male-to-female ratio, to fifteen 1000 L tanks, with each treatment replicated thrice were distributed following a completely randomized design. Five semi-purified diets with differing protein levels (25 %, P25; 30 %, P30; 35 %, P35; 40 %, P40; and 45 %, P45) were prepared for the trial. The results displayed that fish fed diets comprising 35 % and 40 % dietary crude protein (CP) exhibited higher specific growth rate (SGR), respectively. Similarly, these groups had higher weight gain percent (WG%) with reduced feed conversion ratio (FCR), respectively in comparison to other groups. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) of females significantly increased (<em>P</em> < 0.05) up to 40 % protein levels and then decreased, while males exhibited reduced values only in the P45 group. Both male and female hepatosomatic index (HSI) increased significantly (<em>P</em> < 0.05) with increasing dietary CP levels. Dietary CP level increment resulted in decreased visceral fat index in females but had no effect on males. Absolute and relative fecundity significantly (<em>P</em> < 0.05) increased up to 40 % dietary protein level. Estradiol levels in females increased with rising protein levels up to 40 %, but decreased at the 45 % level. Conversely, 17-α,20-β di-hydroxy progesterone (DHP) increased significantly in females from 35 % to 45 % protein level, while males exhibited the highest levels at 30 % and 35 % protein levels. In males, mRNA expression of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) was lowest, whereas luteinising hormone receptor (LHR) and 11β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β HSD) expression increased in the P30 and P35 groups (<em>P</em> < 0.05). Females showed significantly increased mRNA expression of LHR and CYP19a1 (Cytochrome p450 aromatase) in P35 and P40 groups (<em>P</em> < 0.05). Regarding reproductive performance metrics such as fertilization rate (%), hatching rate (%), and larval survival (%), the P35 and P40 groups exhibited significantly higher values (<em>P</em> < 0.05). Second-order polynomial regression and broken line analysis revealed the optimum dietary CP for magur broodstock based on GSI was 36.79 %, while based on reproductive performance, it ranged between 36.1 % and 36.14 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"318 ","pages":"Article 116141"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142578674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
According to FAO, aquaculture is a growing sector all over the word that should follow a 30 % increase in the coming years. It is therefore necessary to diversify the fish feed used in order to meet the increasing demand. Insect meal is one of the solution proposed as insect breeding is increasing as well. The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of the incorporation of insect meal in extruded fish feed. Impact of formulation (level of incorporation and water content) as well as operating parameters (temperature, screw velocity and feed flowrate) have been studied using an experimental design plan coupled with statistical analysis. The response factors are the most important physical characteristics needed for fish feed, namely, floatability, expansion ratio, density… Results show that moisture content and insect ration are the most impacting parameters on floatability and density, whereas flowrate and temperature impact mainly expansion. Optimisation of the operating parameter is done using the desirability, a function of Statgraphics software that enables the simultaneous optimization of all operating parameters. Results show that insect inclusion increases the total desirability, with an optimal content of 50 %, which was the targeted insect meal replacement.
{"title":"Effects of extrusion conditions on system parameters and physical properties of insect-based fish feed","authors":"Sophie Laurent , Floran Laville , Vanessa Jury , Francine Fayolle","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116142","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116142","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>According to FAO, aquaculture is a growing sector all over the word that should follow a 30 % increase in the coming years. It is therefore necessary to diversify the fish feed used in order to meet the increasing demand. Insect meal is one of the solution proposed as insect breeding is increasing as well. The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of the incorporation of insect meal in extruded fish feed. Impact of formulation (level of incorporation and water content) as well as operating parameters (temperature, screw velocity and feed flowrate) have been studied using an experimental design plan coupled with statistical analysis. The response factors are the most important physical characteristics needed for fish feed, namely, floatability, expansion ratio, density… Results show that moisture content and insect ration are the most impacting parameters on floatability and density, whereas flowrate and temperature impact mainly expansion. Optimisation of the operating parameter is done using the desirability, a function of Statgraphics software that enables the simultaneous optimization of all operating parameters. Results show that insect inclusion increases the total desirability, with an optimal content of 50 %, which was the targeted insect meal replacement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"318 ","pages":"Article 116142"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142560882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-28DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116144
Manas K. Maiti, Narottam P. Sahu, Parimal Sardar, Chetan K. Garg, Tincy Varghese, Naseemashahul Shamna, Ashutosh D. Deo
The salt affected lands and underlying saline groundwater can be useful for viable aquaculture practices for euryhaline species like Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). At the same time optimization of nutritional requirement is necessary to cultivate the species under captivity in this new environment. The current study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary methionine on growth, carcass composition, physio-metabolic responses and haemato-biochemical parameters of juvenile Pacific white shrimp grown in inland saline groundwater of 10 ppt salinity. Seven test diets were prepared for feeding trial with different methionine levels viz., 6.2 (M0), 7.6 (M1.5), 9.3 (M3), 10.7 (M4.5), 12.4 (M6), 14 (M7.5) and 15.3 g/kg (M9). The diets were isocaloric (∼17.5 MJ gross energy/kg), isonitrogenous (∼360 g crude protein/kg) and isolipidic (∼60 g crude lipid/kg) in profile. The acclimated Pacific white shrimp juveniles (2.75 ± 0.01 g) were randomly distributed to seven test groups in triplicates with a stocking density of 18 shrimp per experimental tank (300 L water volume; 366 L capacity). The Pacific white shrimp juveniles were fed four times daily (07:30, 12:00, 18:00 and 22:30 h) using respective test diets on an apparent satiation basis. The study results showed that dietary methionine levels have significant (P<0.05) effect on the growth and nutrient utilization parameters. An increasing trend was observed in weight gain percentage, thermal growth coefficient, protein productive value and protein efficiency ratio with the increasing dietary methionine levels from 6.2 (M0) to 12.4 (M6) g/kg, and followed by a decreasing trend was observed. The values of feed conversion ratio were decreased from lower dietary methionine levels to the optimum methionine level and increased thereafter. The serum haemocyanin, glucose, total protein, cholesterol and triglyceride contents varied significantly (P<0.05) among the treatment groups. Based on the linear and polynomial regression plot of weight gain percentage against the methionine levels in the test diets, it is concluded that the optimal dietary methionine requirement for inland saline groundwater reared Pacific white shrimp juveniles is 10.89–12.02 g/kg of the diet containing 360 g crude protein/kg with 3.5 g cystine/kg.
{"title":"Effect of dietary methionine levels on growth, carcass composition, physio-metabolic responses and haemato-biochemical parameters of juvenile Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) reared in inland saline groundwater","authors":"Manas K. Maiti, Narottam P. Sahu, Parimal Sardar, Chetan K. Garg, Tincy Varghese, Naseemashahul Shamna, Ashutosh D. Deo","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116144","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116144","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The salt affected lands and underlying saline groundwater can be useful for viable aquaculture practices for euryhaline species like Pacific white shrimp (<em>Litopenaeus vannamei</em>). At the same time optimization of nutritional requirement is necessary to cultivate the species under captivity in this new environment. The current study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary methionine on growth, carcass composition, physio-metabolic responses and haemato-biochemical parameters of juvenile Pacific white shrimp grown in inland saline groundwater of 10 ppt salinity. Seven test diets were prepared for feeding trial with different methionine levels <em>viz</em>., 6.2 (M0), 7.6 (M1.5), 9.3 (M3), 10.7 (M4.5), 12.4 (M6), 14 (M7.5) and 15.3 g/kg (M9). The diets were isocaloric (∼17.5 MJ gross energy/kg), isonitrogenous (∼360 g crude protein/kg) and isolipidic (∼60 g crude lipid/kg) in profile. The acclimated Pacific white shrimp juveniles (2.75 ± 0.01 g) were randomly distributed to seven test groups in triplicates with a stocking density of 18 shrimp per experimental tank (300 L water volume; 366 L capacity). The Pacific white shrimp juveniles were fed four times daily (07:30, 12:00, 18:00 and 22:30 h) using respective test diets on an apparent satiation basis. The study results showed that dietary methionine levels have significant (<em>P<0.05</em>) effect on the growth and nutrient utilization parameters. An increasing trend was observed in weight gain percentage, thermal growth coefficient, protein productive value and protein efficiency ratio with the increasing dietary methionine levels from 6.2 (M0) to 12.4 (M6) g/kg, and followed by a decreasing trend was observed. The values of feed conversion ratio were decreased from lower dietary methionine levels to the optimum methionine level and increased thereafter. The serum haemocyanin, glucose, total protein, cholesterol and triglyceride contents varied significantly (<em>P<0.05</em>) among the treatment groups. Based on the linear and polynomial regression plot of weight gain percentage against the methionine levels in the test diets, it is concluded that the optimal dietary methionine requirement for inland saline groundwater reared Pacific white shrimp juveniles is 10.89–12.02 g/kg of the diet containing 360 g crude protein/kg with 3.5 g cystine/kg.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"318 ","pages":"Article 116144"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142578673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-28DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116138
Fernanda S. Mudado , Melissa B. Silveira , Henrique J. Fernandes , Alexandre Perdigão , Diego M.M. dos Santos , Thomas H.R. da Silva , Jarbas M. da Silva Júnior , Isabelle E. de Matos , Victor V. de Carvalho , Tiago S. Acedo , Aline G. da Silva
We aimed to evaluate the effect of 25-OH Vit D3 (Hy-D, DSM, Brazil) supplementation on the performance, body measures, and carcass characteristics of growing and finishing grazing Nellore young bulls. Two experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1, 150 animals (body weight (BW) of 350 ± 23 kg) were separated into 6 treatment groups: protein supplement (PS); protein supplement with monensin (PS+Mon); protein supplement with 25-OH Vit D3 (PS+Vit D3); protein supplement with monensin and 25-OH Vit D3 (PS+Mon+Vit D3); protein-energetic supplement (PE); protein-energetic supplement with 25-OH Vit D3 (PE+Vit D3). In Experiment 2, 240 animals with an initial BW of 390 ± 16 kg were separated into the same protein-energetic supplement treatment groups used in Experiment 1 with or without 25-OH Vit D3 (two treatments). Animals in the different treatments of Experiment 1 had similar ADG and final BW values (P > 0.05), except for those that received monensin in PS, which showed lower ADG (P < 0.05). The addition of monensin to the PS inhibited increases in the body measures (P < 0.05) except for the height at withers (P > 0.05). Animals that received PE+Vit D3 showed greater increases in rib width (P < 0.05). In Experiment 2, animals that received 25-OH Vit D3 were 8.0 kg heavier than the animals that did not receive this supplement (P < 0.05). The results show that supplementation with 25-OH Vit D3 is a promising and effective method of improving carcass weight and yield in finishing beef cattle during grazing.
{"title":"Supplementation with 25-hydroxicolecalciferol increases the nutritional efficiency and carcass growth of grazing Nellore young bulls","authors":"Fernanda S. Mudado , Melissa B. Silveira , Henrique J. Fernandes , Alexandre Perdigão , Diego M.M. dos Santos , Thomas H.R. da Silva , Jarbas M. da Silva Júnior , Isabelle E. de Matos , Victor V. de Carvalho , Tiago S. Acedo , Aline G. da Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116138","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116138","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We aimed to evaluate the effect of 25-OH Vit D3 (Hy-D, DSM, Brazil) supplementation on the performance, body measures, and carcass characteristics of growing and finishing grazing Nellore young bulls. Two experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1, 150 animals (body weight (BW) of 350 ± 23 kg) were separated into 6 treatment groups: protein supplement (PS); protein supplement with monensin (PS+Mon); protein supplement with 25-OH Vit D3 (PS+Vit D3); protein supplement with monensin and 25-OH Vit D3 (PS+Mon+Vit D3); protein-energetic supplement (PE); protein-energetic supplement with 25-OH Vit D3 (PE+Vit D3). In Experiment 2, 240 animals with an initial BW of 390 ± 16 kg were separated into the same protein-energetic supplement treatment groups used in Experiment 1 with or without 25-OH Vit D3 (two treatments). Animals in the different treatments of Experiment 1 had similar ADG and final BW values (P > 0.05), except for those that received monensin in PS, which showed lower ADG (P < 0.05). The addition of monensin to the PS inhibited increases in the body measures (P < 0.05) except for the height at withers (P > 0.05). Animals that received PE+Vit D3 showed greater increases in rib width (P < 0.05). In Experiment 2, animals that received 25-OH Vit D3 were 8.0 kg heavier than the animals that did not receive this supplement (P < 0.05). The results show that supplementation with 25-OH Vit D3 is a promising and effective method of improving carcass weight and yield in finishing beef cattle during grazing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"318 ","pages":"Article 116138"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142578671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-28DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116143
Weifang Wang , Michael J. Salini , Huitao Li , Kangsen Mai , Wenbing Zhang
Despite the importance of carbohydrates in the natural diet of abalone, there is little information about the specific effects of commonly available dietary sources. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to determine the effects of several carbohydrate sources, using a semi-purified base diet containing casein and gelatine, on the growth performance metrics and metabolic response of abalone, Haliotis discus hannai Ino. Six experimental diets were formulated containing 33.50 % of different carbohydrate sources including dextrin, pregelatinized wheat starch, wheat starch, tapioca starch, potato starch and corn starch. The diets were fed to the abalone with an initial weight of 3.42 ± 0.02 g in triplicate tanks for 24 weeks, housed in a recirculation system, with seawater maintained at 18–20 ℃. There were no significant differences detected in the average daily increment in shell length (DISL, μm/day) or survival of abalone fed the six treatments containing different carbohydrate sources. However, there were significant differences detected in the average final weight and weight gain rate (WGR, %) parameters, with the lowest final weight (8.16 ± 0.29 g) and WGR (140.38 ± 6.57 %) observed in the potato starch fed abalone.While the potato starch group had the ssignificant highest valuein the moisture content (79.31 ± 0.07 %), crude protein (75.37 ± 0.37 %) and crude ash (10.52 ± 0.20 %) present in the soft-tissue and similarly in the crude ash level (96.06 ± 0.29 %) in the shell composition among the six dietary treatments. There was no significant difference found in the soft-tissue lipid content (5.84–6.87 %). The dextrin-based diet led to elevated plasma glucose (0.85 ± 0.06 mmol/l) in abalone compared with the other treatment groups. The concentration of muscle glycogen in abalone fed with pregelatinized wheat starch showed the highest values with 78.45 ± 1.53 mg/g tissue, which was significantly different to the other treatment groups, however, the digestive gland glycogen content (15.56–19.27 mg/g tissue) was maintained at a constant level regardless of the dietary carbohydrate sources. The digestive gland α-amylase activity in abalone was significantly higher in the pregelatinized wheat starch fed abalone (211.65 ± 16.16 mg starch/30 min/g protein) compared to the dextrin (93.58 ± 13.40 mg starch/30 min/g protein) and potato (99.37 ± 11.15 mg starch/30 min/g protein) starch fed abalones. The results presented demonstrate that abalone efficiently utilized the carbohydrate sources evaluated in the present study, the dextrin and pregelatinized wheat starch were the most suitable sources based on the growth performance alone. There were discrete metabolic and enzymatic responses observed among the dietary groups, like the interrupting the normal glucose metabolic processes by the potato starch,which may lead to improved dietary formulations.
{"title":"Effect of dietary carbohydrate sources on growth performance and carbohydrate utilisation in abalone, Haliotis discus hannai Ino","authors":"Weifang Wang , Michael J. Salini , Huitao Li , Kangsen Mai , Wenbing Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116143","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116143","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite the importance of carbohydrates in the natural diet of abalone, there is little information about the specific effects of commonly available dietary sources. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to determine the effects of several carbohydrate sources, using a semi-purified base diet containing casein and gelatine, on the growth performance metrics and metabolic response of abalone, <em>Haliotis discus hannai</em> Ino. Six experimental diets were formulated containing 33.50 % of different carbohydrate sources including dextrin, pregelatinized wheat starch, wheat starch, tapioca starch, potato starch and corn starch. The diets were fed to the abalone with an initial weight of 3.42 ± 0.02 g in triplicate tanks for 24 weeks, housed in a recirculation system, with seawater maintained at 18–20 ℃. There were no significant differences detected in the average daily increment in shell length (DISL, μm/day) or survival of abalone fed the six treatments containing different carbohydrate sources. However, there were significant differences detected in the average final weight and weight gain rate (WGR, %) parameters, with the lowest final weight (8.16 ± 0.29 g) and WGR (140.38 ± 6.57 %) observed in the potato starch fed abalone.While the potato starch group had the ssignificant highest valuein the moisture content (79.31 ± 0.07 %), crude protein (75.37 ± 0.37 %) and crude ash (10.52 ± 0.20 %) present in the soft-tissue and similarly in the crude ash level (96.06 ± 0.29 %) in the shell composition among the six dietary treatments. There was no significant difference found in the soft-tissue lipid content (5.84–6.87 %). The dextrin-based diet led to elevated plasma glucose (0.85 ± 0.06 mmol/l) in abalone compared with the other treatment groups. The concentration of muscle glycogen in abalone fed with pregelatinized wheat starch showed the highest values with 78.45 ± 1.53 mg/g tissue, which was significantly different to the other treatment groups, however, the digestive gland glycogen content (15.56–19.27 mg/g tissue) was maintained at a constant level regardless of the dietary carbohydrate sources. The digestive gland α-amylase activity in abalone was significantly higher in the pregelatinized wheat starch fed abalone (211.65 ± 16.16 mg starch/30 min/g protein) compared to the dextrin (93.58 ± 13.40 mg starch/30 min/g protein) and potato (99.37 ± 11.15 mg starch/30 min/g protein) starch fed abalones. The results presented demonstrate that abalone efficiently utilized the carbohydrate sources evaluated in the present study, the dextrin and pregelatinized wheat starch were the most suitable sources based on the growth performance alone. There were discrete metabolic and enzymatic responses observed among the dietary groups, like the interrupting the normal glucose metabolic processes by the potato starch,which may lead to improved dietary formulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"318 ","pages":"Article 116143"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142655382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-22DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116134
R.A.M. Vieira , C.C. Cordeiro , K.R. Lima , A.M. Fernandes , L.S. Cabral , A.L.A. Neves , L.O. Tedeschi
The original Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) model, which was developed in 1992 and revised in 2004, included a rumen submodel with a set of equations that were algebraically programmed in a spreadsheet to predict bacterial N flow to the caudal tract of cattle. In this study, we propose a modification to the original CNCPS rumen submodel based on mathematical concepts that simulate the flow paths of solids and liquid in the rumen, which are known to be essential factors affecting rumen fermentation and microbial growth. This modification allows the quantification of the impact of aging mechanisms on the availability of both soluble and insoluble substrates for microbial growth in the rumen. Additionally, a correction has been proposed on peptide uptake by rumen bacteria. Literature data were used to evaluate the model adequacy of CNCPS versions 1992 and 2004, along with the proposed model, to determine their ability to predict bacterial N flow. The proposed model more accurately predicted the variable of interest, but there was an overall underprediction bias. Despite the rightful critics of the ability of mechanistic models to predict microbial crude protein flow from the rumen, the 1992 and 2004 versions of the CNCPS and the proposed modifications implemented within the CNCPS framework led to predictions that agreed with observational data at a discordance rate of 0.05, tolerance probabilities <0.001 for versions 1992 and 2004, and a tolerance probability equal to 0.13 for the proposed model given a sample size . Therefore, the proposed modifications might improve the ability of CNCPS-based models to predict the bacterial N flow from the rumen, thereby resulting in improved predictive performance compared to the original CNCPS model. Thus, it seems that models built on time-dependent kinetics of food particles and fluid are more fitting than time-independent ones to predict bacterial N flow to the caudal tract.
{"title":"Modeling microbial growth based on time-dependent kinetic mechanisms of digestion and passage in the ruminoreticulum","authors":"R.A.M. Vieira , C.C. Cordeiro , K.R. Lima , A.M. Fernandes , L.S. Cabral , A.L.A. Neves , L.O. Tedeschi","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116134","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116134","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The original Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) model, which was developed in 1992 and revised in 2004, included a rumen submodel with a set of equations that were algebraically programmed in a spreadsheet to predict bacterial N flow to the caudal tract of cattle. In this study, we propose a modification to the original CNCPS rumen submodel based on mathematical concepts that simulate the flow paths of solids and liquid in the rumen, which are known to be essential factors affecting rumen fermentation and microbial growth. This modification allows the quantification of the impact of aging mechanisms on the availability of both soluble and insoluble substrates for microbial growth in the rumen. Additionally, a correction has been proposed on peptide uptake by rumen bacteria. Literature data were used to evaluate the model adequacy of CNCPS versions 1992 and 2004, along with the proposed model, to determine their ability to predict bacterial N flow. The proposed model more accurately predicted the variable of interest, but there was an overall underprediction bias. Despite the rightful critics of the ability of mechanistic models to predict microbial crude protein flow from the rumen, the 1992 and 2004 versions of the CNCPS and the proposed modifications implemented within the CNCPS framework led to predictions that agreed with observational data at a discordance rate of 0.05, tolerance probabilities <0.001 for versions 1992 and 2004, and a tolerance probability equal to 0.13 for the proposed model given a sample size <span><math><mrow><mi>n</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>39</mn></mrow></math></span>. Therefore, the proposed modifications might improve the ability of CNCPS-based models to predict the bacterial N flow from the rumen, thereby resulting in improved predictive performance compared to the original CNCPS model. Thus, it seems that models built on time-dependent kinetics of food particles and fluid are more fitting than time-independent ones to predict bacterial N flow to the caudal tract.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"318 ","pages":"Article 116134"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142573462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-21DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116136
Excel R.S. Maylem , Martina Vargiu , Caleb Melton , Caroline Stiger , Jesse S. Thompson , John O’Neill , Thomas G. Rehberger , Joshua M. Rehberger , Alexandra H. Smith , Andrew P. Foote , Leon J. Spicer
To investigate the effects of a Bacillus-based direct-fed microbial on milk production and related factors, a study was conducted on Holstein cows (n = 28) starting at 90 ± 11 DIM. The cows were divided into two dietary groups: a control group (CON) that received a total mixed ration (TMR), and a Bacillus-fed group (DFM) that received the same TMR along with a Bacillus subtilis product containing two strains (747 and 1781) in equal amounts. The study lasted for 25 wk and included both primiparous and multiparous cows. The cows were housed in a free-stall barn and were provided with ad libitum TMR, which was fed twice a day. Their daily meals and dry matter intake (DMI) were recorded during wk 1–4 and wk 19–25 using electronic feeders. Milk samples were collected weekly during morning and evening milkings and analyzed for milk fat, protein, lactose, and milk urea nitrogen (MUN). Blood samples were also collected weekly and analyzed for plasma glucose, insulin, cholesterol, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), and progesterone concentrations. Additionally, rumen fluid samples were collected and evaluated for various species of bacteria. One of the key findings was that daily 4 % fat-corrected milk production (FCM) was influenced by the interaction between treatment (DFM vs. CON) and parity (primiparous vs. multiparous), with multiparous DFM cows producing 11 % more FCM compared to CON. The DFM cows also had a higher milk fat percentage (4.41 % vs. 4.02 %) and MUN concentrations were 1.0 mg/dL higher in the DFM group. In terms of blood metabolites and hormones, multiparous DFM cows had lower plasma cholesterol, glucose, and insulin concentrations compared to CON multiparous cows. However, there were no significant differences between the groups in terms of plasma IGF1 concentrations, insulin-to-glucose ratios, and luteal phase plasma progesterone concentrations. The analysis of rumen fluid samples revealed that the abundance of Ruminococcus albus and Fibrobacter succinogenes group I was greater in the DFM cows compared to CON cows. Furthermore, during the periods when feed intake was measured, the DFM cows had a 9 % reduction in feed intake and a 14 % improvement in feed efficiency (FCM per DMI) compared to CON cows. In conclusion, the two-strain Bacillus product used in this study (Certillus) showed potential as an effective direct-fed microbial. It was found to increase feed efficiency and milk production by altering the composition of ruminal microbiota and metabolism in the cows.
{"title":"Effect of a Bacillus subtilis-based direct-fed microbial, on milk yield, milk components, feed intake and plasma hormones and metabolites in lactating Holstein cows","authors":"Excel R.S. Maylem , Martina Vargiu , Caleb Melton , Caroline Stiger , Jesse S. Thompson , John O’Neill , Thomas G. Rehberger , Joshua M. Rehberger , Alexandra H. Smith , Andrew P. Foote , Leon J. Spicer","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116136","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116136","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To investigate the effects of a <em>Bacillus</em>-based direct-fed microbial on milk production and related factors, a study was conducted on Holstein cows (n = 28) starting at 90 ± 11 DIM. The cows were divided into two dietary groups: a control group (CON) that received a total mixed ration (TMR), and a <em>Bacillus</em>-fed group (DFM) that received the same TMR along with a <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> product containing two strains (747 and 1781) in equal amounts. The study lasted for 25 wk and included both primiparous and multiparous cows. The cows were housed in a free-stall barn and were provided with ad libitum TMR, which was fed twice a day. Their daily meals and dry matter intake (DMI) were recorded during wk 1–4 and wk 19–25 using electronic feeders. Milk samples were collected weekly during morning and evening milkings and analyzed for milk fat, protein, lactose, and milk urea nitrogen (MUN). Blood samples were also collected weekly and analyzed for plasma glucose, insulin, cholesterol, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), and progesterone concentrations. Additionally, rumen fluid samples were collected and evaluated for various species of bacteria. One of the key findings was that daily 4 % fat-corrected milk production (FCM) was influenced by the interaction between treatment (DFM vs. CON) and parity (primiparous vs. multiparous), with multiparous DFM cows producing 11 % more FCM compared to CON. The DFM cows also had a higher milk fat percentage (4.41 % vs. 4.02 %) and MUN concentrations were 1.0 mg/dL higher in the DFM group. In terms of blood metabolites and hormones, multiparous DFM cows had lower plasma cholesterol, glucose, and insulin concentrations compared to CON multiparous cows. However, there were no significant differences between the groups in terms of plasma IGF1 concentrations, insulin-to-glucose ratios, and luteal phase plasma progesterone concentrations. The analysis of rumen fluid samples revealed that the abundance of <em>Ruminococcus albus</em> and <em>Fibrobacter succinogenes</em> group I was greater in the DFM cows compared to CON cows. Furthermore, during the periods when feed intake was measured, the DFM cows had a 9 % reduction in feed intake and a 14 % improvement in feed efficiency (FCM per DMI) compared to CON cows. In conclusion, the two-strain <em>Bacillus</em> product used in this study (Certillus) showed potential as an effective direct-fed microbial. It was found to increase feed efficiency and milk production by altering the composition of ruminal microbiota and metabolism in the cows.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"318 ","pages":"Article 116136"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116132
Yongjie Wan , Yuting Xia , Jie Zhao , Zhiyang Jiang , Peng Li , Weiqiang Niu , Hengguang Chen , Dagan Mao
To evaluate the effects of dietary quercetin on growth performance, blood parameters and testicular development of Hu sheep in summer, 96 lambs (25.51±0.23 kg) aged 4 months were randomly assigned to two groups (Con and Que, n=48), fed a basal diet supplemented without (Con) or with 3.75 g/d (Que) quercetin, respectively. Lambs were fed for 5 weeks including a pre-trial adaption of 1 week. Feed intake and body weight were recorded, blood samples and testicular tissues were collected to detect the biological indexes, immunoglobulins, antioxidants, hormones, testicular spermatogenic epithelium and steroidogenic proteins. Results showed that quercetin supplement decreased feed intake very significantly (P<0.01) without affecting average daily gain; increased serum NEFA level significantly (P＜0.05) without affecting concentrations of Glu, TC, TG, HDL, or LDL. Quercetin supplement increased the activity of serum GPX, and concentrations of plasma IgA, IgM, and IgG very significantly (P<0.01); However, it did not significantly affect T-AOC level or SOD activity. Quercetin supplement reduced T3 concentration numerically (P=0.050) without changing plasma T4 or cortisol concentration (P>0.05). Testicular spermatogenic cells in the Que group were arranged in a more organized manner with a thicker epithelium (P<0.01), and plasma testosterone increased numerically compared with that in the Con group (P=0.071). WB analysis showed that quercetin supplement increased testicular HSD3B expression very significantly (P<0.01) without affecting StAR, P450scc, or CYP17 expressions. In conclusion, dietary supplement of quercetin at 3.75 g/d in summer can decrease food intake without affecting the body weight, promote lipid metabolism, antioxidant capacity, immune response and improve the structure of testicular spermatogenic epithelium in Hu sheep, which provide evidences for further application of quercetin in sheep production.
{"title":"Effect of dietary quercetin on growth performance, blood parameters and testicular development of Hu sheep in summer","authors":"Yongjie Wan , Yuting Xia , Jie Zhao , Zhiyang Jiang , Peng Li , Weiqiang Niu , Hengguang Chen , Dagan Mao","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116132","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116132","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To evaluate the effects of dietary quercetin on growth performance, blood parameters and testicular development of Hu sheep in summer, 96 lambs (25.51±0.23 kg) aged 4 months were randomly assigned to two groups (Con and Que, n=48), fed a basal diet supplemented without (Con) or with 3.75 g/d (Que) quercetin, respectively. Lambs were fed for 5 weeks including a pre-trial adaption of 1 week. Feed intake and body weight were recorded, blood samples and testicular tissues were collected to detect the biological indexes, immunoglobulins, antioxidants, hormones, testicular spermatogenic epithelium and steroidogenic proteins. Results showed that quercetin supplement decreased feed intake very significantly (P<0.01) without affecting average daily gain; increased serum NEFA level significantly (P＜0.05) without affecting concentrations of Glu, TC, TG, HDL, or LDL. Quercetin supplement increased the activity of serum GPX, and concentrations of plasma IgA, IgM, and IgG very significantly (P<0.01); However, it did not significantly affect T-AOC level or SOD activity. Quercetin supplement reduced T3 concentration numerically (P=0.050) without changing plasma T4 or cortisol concentration (P>0.05). Testicular spermatogenic cells in the Que group were arranged in a more organized manner with a thicker epithelium (P<0.01), and plasma testosterone increased numerically compared with that in the Con group (P=0.071). WB analysis showed that quercetin supplement increased testicular HSD3B expression very significantly (P<0.01) without affecting StAR, P450scc, or CYP17 expressions. In conclusion, dietary supplement of quercetin at 3.75 g/d in summer can decrease food intake without affecting the body weight, promote lipid metabolism, antioxidant capacity, immune response and improve the structure of testicular spermatogenic epithelium in Hu sheep, which provide evidences for further application of quercetin in sheep production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"318 ","pages":"Article 116132"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116133
Esmaeil Montazeri , Ahmad Riasi , Gholam Reza Ghorbani , Saeid Ansari Mahyari , Ali Jamali , Morteza Hosseini Ghaffari
This study investigated the effects of supplementation with two calcium salt fatty acid sources (soybean oil (CaSO) and linseed oil (CaLN)) before and after parturition on lactation performance and blood metabolite profiles in dairy cows. A study was conducted with twenty-four multiparous Holstein cows (parity = 3.12 ± 0.9 and Backfat thickness = 21.77 ± 1.98) that were divided into a 2 × 2 factorial design 21 days before expected calving. The aim was to investigate the interplay between prepartum (CaSO or CaLN, at 2 % of dry matter) and postpartum (at 1.4 % of dry matter) fat supplementation on lactation performance and blood metabolite profiles. Initially, cows were grouped according to the source of prepartum fat (either CaSO or CaLN, with 12 cows in each group). Postpartum, these groups were further subdivided according to whether the fat source was administered continuously (LN-LN, SO-SO) or alternately (LN-SO, SO-LN) over a 28-day period. This resulted in four different treatment groups, each with six cows. The fat supplements contained 84 % fat and 9 % Ca. No statistically significant differences were found in dry matter intake (DMI), colostrum yield or most concentrations of blood metabolites (insulin, cholesterol, glucose, triglycerides, total protein, albumin, β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHB), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and urea-N). However, cows fed CaSO prepartum had a significantly higher plasma concentration of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) than cows fed CaLN. Cows fed CaSO had higher backfat thickness (BFT) from day −21–0 than those fed CaLN (P = 0.05). Notably, cows in the SO-SO group lost the most weight, while cows in the SO-LN group lost the least, especially on days 21 and 28 postpartum (P = 0.05). Switching from soybean oil prepartum to linseed oil postpartum (SO-LN) significantly increased milk production in the first 28 days of lactation compared to other diets. In addition, the fat content in milk was influenced by the type of fat supplementation prepartum, with cows receiving CaSO having a lower milk fat percentage than those receiving CaLN (P < 0.05). The results on blood parameters suggest potential benefits of the SO-LN diet for postpartum cows, as emphasized by stable BHB concentrations and the highest IGF-1 concentrations, especially without the elevated BHB concentrations typically associated with the SO-SO diet. The blood concentrations of total protein, urea-N, triglycerides and NEFA were not affected by the treatments. Also, the dietary change did not adversely affect liver function, as shown by unchanged AST and ALT concentrations. Therefore, the results suggest that a dietary intervention involving the administration of soybean oil prepartum and switching to linseed oil postpartum (SO-LN strategy) has the potential to improve milk yield during the early lactation period.
{"title":"Effects of pre- and postpartum dietary fat sources (soybean oil versus linseed oil) on lactation performance and blood metabolites in transition dairy cows","authors":"Esmaeil Montazeri , Ahmad Riasi , Gholam Reza Ghorbani , Saeid Ansari Mahyari , Ali Jamali , Morteza Hosseini Ghaffari","doi":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116133","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116133","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the effects of supplementation with two calcium salt fatty acid sources (soybean oil (CaSO) and linseed oil (CaLN)) before and after parturition on lactation performance and blood metabolite profiles in dairy cows. A study was conducted with twenty-four multiparous Holstein cows (parity = 3.12 ± 0.9 and Backfat thickness = 21.77 ± 1.98) that were divided into a 2 × 2 factorial design 21 days before expected calving. The aim was to investigate the interplay between prepartum (CaSO or CaLN, at 2 % of dry matter) and postpartum (at 1.4 % of dry matter) fat supplementation on lactation performance and blood metabolite profiles. Initially, cows were grouped according to the source of prepartum fat (either CaSO or CaLN, with 12 cows in each group). Postpartum, these groups were further subdivided according to whether the fat source was administered continuously (LN-LN, SO-SO) or alternately (LN-SO, SO-LN) over a 28-day period. This resulted in four different treatment groups, each with six cows. The fat supplements contained 84 % fat and 9 % Ca. No statistically significant differences were found in dry matter intake (DMI), colostrum yield or most concentrations of blood metabolites (insulin, cholesterol, glucose, triglycerides, total protein, albumin, β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHB), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and urea-N). However, cows fed CaSO prepartum had a significantly higher plasma concentration of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) than cows fed CaLN. Cows fed CaSO had higher backfat thickness (BFT) from day −21–0 than those fed CaLN (<em>P = 0.05</em>). Notably, cows in the SO-SO group lost the most weight, while cows in the SO-LN group lost the least, especially on days 21 and 28 postpartum <em>(P = 0.05</em>). Switching from soybean oil prepartum to linseed oil postpartum (SO-LN) significantly increased milk production in the first 28 days of lactation compared to other diets. In addition, the fat content in milk was influenced by the type of fat supplementation prepartum, with cows receiving CaSO having a lower milk fat percentage than those receiving CaLN (<em>P < 0.05</em>). The results on blood parameters suggest potential benefits of the SO-LN diet for postpartum cows, as emphasized by stable BHB concentrations and the highest IGF-1 concentrations, especially without the elevated BHB concentrations typically associated with the SO-SO diet. The blood concentrations of total protein, urea-N, triglycerides and NEFA were not affected by the treatments. Also, the dietary change did not adversely affect liver function, as shown by unchanged AST and ALT concentrations. Therefore, the results suggest that a dietary intervention involving the administration of soybean oil prepartum and switching to linseed oil postpartum (SO-LN strategy) has the potential to improve milk yield during the early lactation period.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7861,"journal":{"name":"Animal Feed Science and Technology","volume":"318 ","pages":"Article 116133"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142446363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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