Andrew Zarnke PhD, Sarah Rhodes PhD, Nathan DeBono PhD, Colin Berriault MA, Sandra C. Dorman PhD
Cover Caption: The cover image is based on the Article Incidence of cardiovascular disease in a cohort of mine workers exposed to ultrafine aluminum powder in Ontario, Canada by Andrew Zarnke et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/ajim.23646.
封面标题：封面图片根据 Andrew Zarnke 等人撰写的文章《加拿大安大略省接触超细铝粉的矿工队列中心血管疾病的发病率》（Incidence of cardioascular disease in a cohort of mine workers exposed to ultrafine aluminum powder in Ontario, Canada）制作，https://doi.org/10.1002/ajim.23646。
{"title":"Cover Image: Volume 67 Issue 10","authors":"Andrew Zarnke PhD, Sarah Rhodes PhD, Nathan DeBono PhD, Colin Berriault MA, Sandra C. Dorman PhD","doi":"10.1002/ajim.23667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajim.23667","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Cover Caption</b>: The cover image is based on the Article <i>Incidence of cardiovascular disease in a cohort of mine workers exposed to ultrafine aluminum powder in Ontario, Canada</i> by Andrew Zarnke et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/ajim.23646.\u0000\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":7873,"journal":{"name":"American journal of industrial medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajim.23667","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142313205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brett Shannon MBBS, PhD, Courtney Ryder PhD, Chibuzor Abasilim PhD, Kirsten Almberg PhD, Tessa Bonney PhD, Lee S. Friedman PhD
Objectives
Research characterizing work-related injuries and illnesses (WRII) has predominantly focused on inpatients and deaths, despite evidence that 4% of WRII are admitted as inpatients and deaths are less than 0.2% of acute WRII. Our aim is to determine the usefulness of incorporating emergency department (ED) hospital data into current occupational health surveillance systems.
Methods
Data on ED and admitted WRII treated in Illinois hospitals from 2017 to 2021 were analyzed. Demographic characteristics, primary diagnosis, procedures undertaken, and unique patient estimates are described. Multivariable logistic regression models were developed to evaluate predictors of treatment in the ED and multivariable median regression models determined associations of total hospital charges.
Results
Between 2017 and 2021 there were 488,033 hospital presentations (95.9% nonadmissions) for WRII in Illinois, equating to a crude annual population rate of 1502.1/100,000. Non-Hispanic Whites (NHW) were disproportionately treated for illnesses, while Hispanic or Latino workers were disproportionately treated for injuries. African-Americans had the highest rate of ED emergent presentations (incident rate ratio [IRR] = 1.3, ref = NHW) and were less likely to be admitted for emergent presentations (IRR = 0.7, ref = NHW). ED presentations were more likely to be female, present with an injury, and at a rural, versus urban, hospital. Radiological investigations compromised the majority of procedures for nonadmitted patients (n = 403,317), and 94.8% were coded for a body region
Conclusion
Between 2017 and 2021 in Illinois, there were nearly 500,000 hospital visits charged to workers' compensation totaling over US$ four billion. ED data provide additional insights into work-related chronic conditions, health disparities, and the usage of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures for WRII.
{"title":"Work-related injuries and illnesses (WRII) presenting to Illinois hospitals, 2017−2021: The importance of emergency department (ED) data","authors":"Brett Shannon MBBS, PhD, Courtney Ryder PhD, Chibuzor Abasilim PhD, Kirsten Almberg PhD, Tessa Bonney PhD, Lee S. Friedman PhD","doi":"10.1002/ajim.23658","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajim.23658","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Research characterizing work-related injuries and illnesses (WRII) has predominantly focused on inpatients and deaths, despite evidence that 4% of WRII are admitted as inpatients and deaths are less than 0.2% of acute WRII. Our aim is to determine the usefulness of incorporating emergency department (ED) hospital data into current occupational health surveillance systems.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data on ED and admitted WRII treated in Illinois hospitals from 2017 to 2021 were analyzed. Demographic characteristics, primary diagnosis, procedures undertaken, and unique patient estimates are described. Multivariable logistic regression models were developed to evaluate predictors of treatment in the ED and multivariable median regression models determined associations of total hospital charges.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Between 2017 and 2021 there were 488,033 hospital presentations (95.9% nonadmissions) for WRII in Illinois, equating to a crude annual population rate of 1502.1/100,000. Non-Hispanic Whites (NHW) were disproportionately treated for illnesses, while Hispanic or Latino workers were disproportionately treated for injuries. African-Americans had the highest rate of ED emergent presentations (incident rate ratio [IRR] = 1.3, ref = NHW) and were less likely to be admitted for emergent presentations (IRR = 0.7, ref = NHW). ED presentations were more likely to be female, present with an injury, and at a rural, versus urban, hospital. Radiological investigations compromised the majority of procedures for nonadmitted patients (<i>n</i> = 403,317), and 94.8% were coded for a body region</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Between 2017 and 2021 in Illinois, there were nearly 500,000 hospital visits charged to workers' compensation totaling over US$ four billion. ED data provide additional insights into work-related chronic conditions, health disparities, and the usage of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures for WRII.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7873,"journal":{"name":"American journal of industrial medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142279383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marnie Dobson PhD, Pouran Faghri MD, MS, FACSM, Paul Landsbergis PhD, MPH, David LeGrande RN, Suzanne Nobrega PhD, Laura Punnett ScD, Serena Rice MS, Peter Schnall MD, MPH, Amy Bahruth MS, Dean Baker MD, MPH, Sherry Baron MD, David Blustein PhD, Jennifer Cavallari ScD, CIH, Martin Cherniack MD, MPH, Louis Fazen MD, PhD, Marcy Goldstein-Gelb MS, Viviola Gomez-Ortiz PhD, M. Gloria González-Morales PhD, DEA, Leslie B. Hammer PhD, Joseph “Chip” Hughes MS, Anthony D. LaMontagne ScD, MA, Med, Jessica Martinez BA, Gary Namie PhD, Eric Persaud DrPH, Preethi Pratap PhD, Milly Rodriguez MPH, Jonathan Rosen MS, Ellen Rosskam PhD, Kathleen M. Rospenda PhD, Steve Sallman, Grace Sembajwe ScD, Robert Sinclair PhD, Laura Stock MPH, Keith Wrightson, David Yamada JD, Liu-Qin Yang PhD, Ed Yelin PhD, Jennifer Zelnick MSW, ScD, Jeanette Zoeckler PhD, MPH
Paul A. Schulte PhD, Steven L. Sauter PhD, Sudha P. Pandalai MD, Hope M. Tiesman PhD, Lewis C. Chosewood MD, Thomas R. Cunningham PhD, Steven J. Wurzelbacher PhD, Rene Pana-Cryan PhD, Naomi G. Swanson PhD, Chia-Chia Chang MPH, Jeannie A. S. Nigam MS, Dori B. Reissman MD, Tapas K. Ray PhD, John Howard MD
{"title":"Authors' response to “It's time to develop a national regulation regarding work-related psychosocial hazards”","authors":"Paul A. Schulte PhD, Steven L. Sauter PhD, Sudha P. Pandalai MD, Hope M. Tiesman PhD, Lewis C. Chosewood MD, Thomas R. Cunningham PhD, Steven J. Wurzelbacher PhD, Rene Pana-Cryan PhD, Naomi G. Swanson PhD, Chia-Chia Chang MPH, Jeannie A. S. Nigam MS, Dori B. Reissman MD, Tapas K. Ray PhD, John Howard MD","doi":"10.1002/ajim.23659","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajim.23659","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7873,"journal":{"name":"American journal of industrial medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142279380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although asbestos has been officially banned in France for over two decades, it remains a major public health and occupational health issue. In 2012, French asbestos regulations became considerably more stringent and complex. Consequently, French Public Works and Building Trades Prevention Organisation (OPPBTP) and occupational health services have been working together for several years to support construction professionals. This support involves information, training and advice. This article presents the range of tools developed by OPPBTP and occupational health services to better understand the asbestos risk as it affects construction companies. These tools and this partnership have demonstrated positive results in confronting risk and in the implementation of suitable means of prevention. They serve the best interests of employees, companies and clients, by combining safeguards to employees' health and worksite performance.
{"title":"Supporting companies dealing with asbestos risk: Practical tools for occupational health services, risk prevention specialists, and companies.","authors":"Isabelle Monnerais, Mireille Loizeau","doi":"10.1002/ajim.23660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajim.23660","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although asbestos has been officially banned in France for over two decades, it remains a major public health and occupational health issue. In 2012, French asbestos regulations became considerably more stringent and complex. Consequently, French Public Works and Building Trades Prevention Organisation (OPPBTP) and occupational health services have been working together for several years to support construction professionals. This support involves information, training and advice. This article presents the range of tools developed by OPPBTP and occupational health services to better understand the asbestos risk as it affects construction companies. These tools and this partnership have demonstrated positive results in confronting risk and in the implementation of suitable means of prevention. They serve the best interests of employees, companies and clients, by combining safeguards to employees' health and worksite performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":7873,"journal":{"name":"American journal of industrial medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142279382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bhattacharya A, Syamlal G, Dodd KE. Medical costs and incremental medical costs of asthma among workers in the United States. Am J Ind Med. 2024;67:834-843. doi:10.1002/ajim.23633
In the affiliation of the first author, “Respiratory Health Division” has been corrected to “Office of the Director.”
Anasua Bhattacharya1
Office of the Director, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
We apologize for this error.
Bhattacharya A, Syamlal G, Dodd KE.美国工人哮喘的医疗成本和增量医疗成本。Am J Ind Med.2024;67:834-843.doi:10.1002/ajim.23633在第一作者的单位中，"呼吸健康处 "已更正为 "主任办公室"。Anasua Bhattacharya1美国俄亥俄州辛辛那提市疾病控制和预防中心国家职业安全和健康研究所主任办公室。
{"title":"Correction to “Medical costs and incremental medical costs of asthma among workers in the United States”","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/ajim.23656","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajim.23656","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Bhattacharya A, Syamlal G, Dodd KE. Medical costs and incremental medical costs of asthma among workers in the United States. <i>Am J Ind Med.</i> 2024;67:834-843. doi:10.1002/ajim.23633</p><p>In the affiliation of the first author, “Respiratory Health Division” has been corrected to “Office of the Director.”</p><p>Anasua Bhattacharya<sup>1</sup></p><p>Office of the Director, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.</p><p>We apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":7873,"journal":{"name":"American journal of industrial medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajim.23656","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142267401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Previous studies have shown that job strain is associated with low birthweight (LBW), preterm birth (PTB), and small for gestational age (SGA). We conducted a scoping review and meta-analysis to assess the association between job strain and adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Methods
A literature search was performed on PubMed. We included English-language studies that examined the association between job strain (based on the Karasek demand-control model) and pregnancy outcomes. We excluded letters, posters, reviews, and qualitative studies. Random effects meta-analysis was performed. Heterogeneity was assessed using τ2 and I2 statistics. Potential bias was assessed using standard funnel plots. Asymmetry was evaluated by Egger's test. Leave-one-out analysis was performed for sensitivity analyses.
Results
Three eligible studies were found for LBW, seven for PTB, and four for SGA. The number of subjects ranged from 135 to 4889, and the prevalence of high job strain ranged from 6.64% to 33.9%. The pooled odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (CI) for LBW, PTB, and SGA were 1.23 (95% CI: 0.97, 1.56), 1.10 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.22), and 1.16 (95% CI: 0.97, 1.39) respectively, indicating modest associations. Heterogeneity for LBW and PTB may not be important but may be moderate for SGA. No publication bias was detected for LBW and PTB, but possible publication bias exists for SGA.
Conclusion
We found a modest association between job strain and PTB. Since job strain is only one of the many aspects of an unhealthy work environment, interventions that improve working conditions more broadly are needed.
{"title":"Job strain and adverse pregnancy outcomes: A scoping review and meta-analysis","authors":"Kota Nakayama, Etsuji Suzuki MD, PhD, Natalie Slopen ScD, Ichiro Kawachi MD, PhD","doi":"10.1002/ajim.23655","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajim.23655","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Previous studies have shown that job strain is associated with low birthweight (LBW), preterm birth (PTB), and small for gestational age (SGA). We conducted a scoping review and meta-analysis to assess the association between job strain and adverse pregnancy outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A literature search was performed on PubMed. We included English-language studies that examined the association between job strain (based on the Karasek demand-control model) and pregnancy outcomes. We excluded letters, posters, reviews, and qualitative studies. Random effects meta-analysis was performed. Heterogeneity was assessed using <i>τ</i><sup>2</sup> and <i>I</i><sup>2</sup> statistics. Potential bias was assessed using standard funnel plots. Asymmetry was evaluated by Egger's test. Leave-one-out analysis was performed for sensitivity analyses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Three eligible studies were found for LBW, seven for PTB, and four for SGA. The number of subjects ranged from 135 to 4889, and the prevalence of high job strain ranged from 6.64% to 33.9%. The pooled odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (CI) for LBW, PTB, and SGA were 1.23 (95% CI: 0.97, 1.56), 1.10 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.22), and 1.16 (95% CI: 0.97, 1.39) respectively, indicating modest associations. Heterogeneity for LBW and PTB may not be important but may be moderate for SGA. No publication bias was detected for LBW and PTB, but possible publication bias exists for SGA.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We found a modest association between job strain and PTB. Since job strain is only one of the many aspects of an unhealthy work environment, interventions that improve working conditions more broadly are needed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7873,"journal":{"name":"American journal of industrial medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142131664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sara Wuellner PhD, MPH, Kali Turner MPH, June T. Spector MD, MPH
Background
Information on worker occupation and industry is critical to understanding the occupational risks of heat-related illness (HRI), yet few syndromic surveillance systems capture these key data elements. This study evaluates the work data reported through Washington syndromic surveillance for its utility in characterizing HRI ED visits by industry and occupation.
Methods
Standard industry and occupation codes were assigned to employer name and occupation descriptions reported in Washington ED visit records maintained within the state's syndromic surveillance system, for visits involving HRI in 2020–2022. HRI ED visits involving workplace heat exposure were identified based on discharge diagnoses or on keywords in the triage note or chief complaint fields. HRI ED visits were summarized by patient characteristics, and visit rates were calculated by industry and occupation.
Results
Employer name or occupation descriptions were reported in 21.5% of HRI ED records among patients age 16 and older, and in 41.2% of records with mention of heat exposure at work. Twice as many records were classified for industry as for occupation. Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting and transportation and warehousing had the highest rates of HRI ED visits. Specific industries with the highest rates included support activities for agriculture and forestry, the postal service, and fruit and vegetable preserving and specialty food manufacturing.
Conclusion
Syndromic surveillance data are a valuable source of occupational health surveillance information when work characteristics are reported, enhancing our understanding of the occupational risks of injuries and illnesses.
{"title":"Emergency department visits for heat-related illness among workers: Occupational health surveillance using Washington syndromic surveillance data","authors":"Sara Wuellner PhD, MPH, Kali Turner MPH, June T. Spector MD, MPH","doi":"10.1002/ajim.23650","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajim.23650","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Information on worker occupation and industry is critical to understanding the occupational risks of heat-related illness (HRI), yet few syndromic surveillance systems capture these key data elements. This study evaluates the work data reported through Washington syndromic surveillance for its utility in characterizing HRI ED visits by industry and occupation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Standard industry and occupation codes were assigned to employer name and occupation descriptions reported in Washington ED visit records maintained within the state's syndromic surveillance system, for visits involving HRI in 2020–2022. HRI ED visits involving workplace heat exposure were identified based on discharge diagnoses or on keywords in the triage note or chief complaint fields. HRI ED visits were summarized by patient characteristics, and visit rates were calculated by industry and occupation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Employer name or occupation descriptions were reported in 21.5% of HRI ED records among patients age 16 and older, and in 41.2% of records with mention of heat exposure at work. Twice as many records were classified for industry as for occupation. Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting and transportation and warehousing had the highest rates of HRI ED visits. Specific industries with the highest rates included support activities for agriculture and forestry, the postal service, and fruit and vegetable preserving and specialty food manufacturing.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Syndromic surveillance data are a valuable source of occupational health surveillance information when work characteristics are reported, enhancing our understanding of the occupational risks of injuries and illnesses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7873,"journal":{"name":"American journal of industrial medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142103704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Artificial intelligence (AI)—the field of computer science that designs machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence—has seen rapid advances in the development of foundation systems such as large language models. In the workplace, the adoption of AI technologies can result in a broad range of hazards and risks to workers, as illustrated by the recent growth in industrial robotics and algorithmic management. Sources of risk from deployment of AI technologies across society and in the workplace have led to numerous government and private sector guidelines that propose principles governing the design and use of trustworthy and ethical AI. As AI capabilities become integrated in devices, machines, and systems across industry sectors, employers, workers, and occupational safety and health practitioners will be challenged to manage AI risks to worker health, safety, and well-being. Five risk management options are presented as ways to assure that only trustworthy and ethical AI enables workplace devices, machinery, and processes. AI technologies will play a significant role in the future of work. The occupational safety and health practice and research communities need to ensure that the promise of these new AI technologies results in benefit, not harm, to workers.
{"title":"Managing workplace AI risks and the future of work","authors":"John Howard MD, Paul Schulte PhD","doi":"10.1002/ajim.23653","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajim.23653","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Artificial intelligence (AI)—the field of computer science that designs machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence—has seen rapid advances in the development of foundation systems such as large language models. In the workplace, the adoption of AI technologies can result in a broad range of hazards and risks to workers, as illustrated by the recent growth in industrial robotics and algorithmic management. Sources of risk from deployment of AI technologies across society and in the workplace have led to numerous government and private sector guidelines that propose principles governing the design and use of trustworthy and ethical AI. As AI capabilities become integrated in devices, machines, and systems across industry sectors, employers, workers, and occupational safety and health practitioners will be challenged to manage AI risks to worker health, safety, and well-being. Five risk management options are presented as ways to assure that only trustworthy and ethical AI enables workplace devices, machinery, and processes. AI technologies will play a significant role in the future of work. The occupational safety and health practice and research communities need to ensure that the promise of these new AI technologies results in benefit, not harm, to workers.</p>","PeriodicalId":7873,"journal":{"name":"American journal of industrial medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142118773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michelle R. Torok PhD, Alice E. White MS, Rachel H. Jervis MPH, Amanda D. Tran MPH, Bernadette A. Albanese MD, Elaine J. Scallan Walter PhD
Objectives
The workplace is an important setting for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) exposure and transmission. Using data from a large case–control study in Colorado during 2021 and 2022, we aimed to evaluate working outside the home and SARS-CoV-2 infection, the racial and ethnic distribution of workers in occupations associated with infection, and workplace face mask use.
Methods
Cases were Colorado adults with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) reported to Colorado's COVID-19 surveillance system selected from surveillance data ≤12 days after their specimen collection date. Control participants were randomly selected adult Coloradans with a RT-PCR-confirmed negative SARS-CoV-2 test result reported to the same surveillance system.
Results
Working outside the home was associated with infection (odds ratio [OR] = 1.46, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.39–1.54). Among participants working outside the home, “Food Preparation and Serving Related” (aOR = 2.35, 95% CI: 1.80–3.06), “Transportation and Material Moving” (aOR = 2.09, 95% CI: 1.62–2.69), “Construction and Extraction” (aOR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.36–2.59), “Protective Service” (aOR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.15–2.24), and “Sales and Related” (aOR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.22–1.69) were occupational categories most strongly associated with infection. American Indian/Alaskan Native, Black, and Hispanic/Latino participants were more likely than others to work in occupational categories with the highest odds of infection (p < 0.05). Cases were less likely than controls to report always wearing a mask (31.9% vs. 41.5%) and wearing a KN95/N95/KF94 mask (16.8% vs. 27.2%) at work.
Conclusions
These findings emphasize the importance of occupation and workplace mask use in the COVID-19 pandemic and its disproportionate racial/ethnic impact on workers.
{"title":"SARS-CoV-2 infection among Colorado adults working outside the home: Occupation, race and ethnicity and mask use","authors":"Michelle R. Torok PhD, Alice E. White MS, Rachel H. Jervis MPH, Amanda D. Tran MPH, Bernadette A. Albanese MD, Elaine J. Scallan Walter PhD","doi":"10.1002/ajim.23639","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajim.23639","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The workplace is an important setting for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) exposure and transmission. Using data from a large case–control study in Colorado during 2021 and 2022, we aimed to evaluate working outside the home and SARS-CoV-2 infection, the racial and ethnic distribution of workers in occupations associated with infection, and workplace face mask use.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cases were Colorado adults with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) reported to Colorado's COVID-19 surveillance system selected from surveillance data ≤12 days after their specimen collection date. Control participants were randomly selected adult Coloradans with a RT-PCR-confirmed negative SARS-CoV-2 test result reported to the same surveillance system.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Working outside the home was associated with infection (odds ratio [OR] = 1.46, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.39–1.54). Among participants working outside the home, “Food Preparation and Serving Related” (aOR = 2.35, 95% CI: 1.80–3.06), “Transportation and Material Moving” (aOR = 2.09, 95% CI: 1.62–2.69), “Construction and Extraction” (aOR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.36–2.59), “Protective Service” (aOR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.15–2.24), and “Sales and Related” (aOR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.22–1.69) were occupational categories most strongly associated with infection. American Indian/Alaskan Native, Black, and Hispanic/Latino participants were more likely than others to work in occupational categories with the highest odds of infection (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Cases were less likely than controls to report always wearing a mask (31.9% vs. 41.5%) and wearing a KN95/N95/KF94 mask (16.8% vs. 27.2%) at work.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings emphasize the importance of occupation and workplace mask use in the COVID-19 pandemic and its disproportionate racial/ethnic impact on workers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7873,"journal":{"name":"American journal of industrial medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142118774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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