American journal of industrial medicine最新文献_第7页

Risk of Mortality From Esophageal Cancer Among US Poultry Workers, 1950−2019 1950-2019年美国家禽工人食道癌死亡风险

IF 2.7 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

American journal of industrial medicine

Pub Date : 2025-06-10 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23742

Leanna Delhey, Christina Joshua, Jaimi L. Allen, Robert Delongchamp, Benjamin C. Amick, Wendy Nembhard

Background

While research suggests poultry industry workers have an increased risk of cancer mortality, little is known about their risk of esophageal cancer mortality. We investigated the association between working with poultry and esophageal cancer mortality while concurrently investigating other occupational and nonoccupational risk factors amongst poultry industry workers.

Methods

We conducted a case-cohort analysis from a cohort of unionized workers in the United States (N = 46,816) and conducted follow-up for mortality from 1950 to 2019 with the National Death Index. Cases were those who died of esophageal cancer and a sub-cohort was randomly selected (N = 2666) for further analysis. We interviewed participants and relatives about their work and personal life. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate the hazard of esophageal cancer mortality due to working with poultry among the full cohort and weighted regression for the sub-cohort and those interviewed. We conducted exploratory analyses to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for each interview question, adjusted for confounders, and computed a false discovery rate (FDR).

Results

In the full and sub-cohort, working in a poultry plant was associated with an increased hazard of esophageal cancer mortality (HR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.05, 2.50; and HR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.03, 2.65, respectively). Among survey respondents, working in a poultry plant appeared to decrease the risk of esophageal cancer mortality (HR = 0.67; 95% CI = 0.34, 1.35).

Conclusions

Working in poultry plants may increase the risk of death from esophageal cancer, but further research is needed to validate these findings and explore potential mechanisms.

背景：虽然研究表明家禽业工人患癌症死亡的风险增加，但对他们患食道癌死亡的风险知之甚少。我们调查了与家禽工作与食管癌死亡率之间的关系，同时调查了家禽业工人中其他职业和非职业风险因素。方法：我们对美国工会工人队列（N = 46,816）进行了病例队列分析，并使用国家死亡指数对1950年至2019年的死亡率进行了随访。病例为死于食管癌的患者，随机选择一个亚队列（N = 2666）进行进一步分析。我们采访了参与者及其亲属，了解他们的工作和个人生活。我们使用多变量Cox比例风险回归来估计全队列中与家禽一起工作的食管癌死亡率的风险，并对亚队列和受访者进行加权回归。我们进行了探索性分析，以估计每个面试问题的风险比（HR）和95%置信区间（CI），调整了混杂因素，并计算了错误发现率（FDR）。结果：在全队列和亚队列中，在家禽厂工作与食管癌死亡率增加相关(HR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.05, 2.50；HR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.03, 2.65)。在调查对象中，在家禽加工厂工作似乎降低了食管癌死亡的风险(HR = 0.67；95% ci = 0.34, 1.35)。结论：在家禽工厂工作可能会增加食管癌死亡的风险，但需要进一步的研究来验证这些发现并探索潜在的机制。

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引用次数: 0

Social and Labor Policies or Programs as Structural Determinants of Occupational Heat Vulnerability 社会和劳动政策或计划作为职业热脆弱性的结构性决定因素。

IF 2.7 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

American journal of industrial medicine

Pub Date : 2025-06-06 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23739

Leah H. Schinasi, Claire Moore, Augusta Williams, Alina Schnake-Mahl

Ambient heat poses a critical threat to population health. Heat exposures are associated with a variety of adverse health or well-being outcomes, including dehydration, acute cardiovascular respiratory events, injury, adverse pregnancy outcomes, and death. These risks are not borne equally; laborers working in industries that require hazardous heat exposures and high metabolic output—construction, agriculture, or manufacturing, among others—are particularly vulnerable. Identifying modifiable interventions to protect heat-vulnerable workers is critical. The objective of this paper is to describe the ways by which social and labor policies or programs, including healthcare access, home weatherization and energy assistance programs, neighborhood greening, workplace heat safety policies, paid leave, pregnancy accommodation laws, minimum wage laws, and collective bargaining, are important upstream determinants of worker heat vulnerability. Informed by the social ecological model and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's definition of climate vulnerability as being determined by exposure intensity, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity, we synthesized literature on heat vulnerability, workplace heat safety policies, social and labor policies or programs and links to the determinants of heat vulnerability. Without broad access to social and labor policies and programs, both inside and outside the workplace, socioeconomic and racialized inequities in worker heat vulnerability will widen. Insights from this paper can inform an equity-focused research, policy and organizing agenda aimed at safeguarding workers against hot temperatures.

环境热对人口健康构成严重威胁。热暴露与各种不良健康或福祉结果相关，包括脱水、急性心血管呼吸事件、损伤、不良妊娠结局和死亡。这些风险并不是平等承担的；在建筑、农业或制造业等需要接触危险热量和高代谢输出的行业工作的劳动者尤其容易受到伤害。确定可修改的干预措施来保护易受热伤害的工人是至关重要的。本文的目的是描述社会和劳工政策或计划的方式，包括医疗保健服务、家庭天气和能源援助计划、社区绿化、工作场所热安全政策、带薪休假、怀孕住宿法、最低工资法和集体谈判，这些都是工人热脆弱性的重要上游决定因素。根据社会生态模型和政府间气候变化专门委员会对气候脆弱性的定义，即由暴露强度、敏感性和适应能力决定，我们综合了热脆弱性、工作场所热安全政策、社会和劳动政策或计划以及与热脆弱性决定因素的联系方面的文献。在工作场所内外，如果没有广泛的社会和劳工政策和计划，工人热脆弱性方面的社会经济和种族不平等将会扩大。本文的见解可以为旨在保护工人免受高温影响的以公平为重点的研究、政策和组织议程提供信息。

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引用次数: 0

Occupational Benzene Exposure and Risk of Male Genital Cancers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis 职业性苯暴露与男性生殖器癌风险：系统回顾和荟萃分析。

IF 2.7 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

American journal of industrial medicine

Pub Date : 2025-05-27 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23740

Alessandro Godono, Andrea Quattrocolo, Roberta Caradonna, Maria Vittoria Picciaiola, Paolo Boffetta, Monireh Sadat Seyyedsalehi

Background

Benzene is an established Group 1 carcinogen due to its leukemogenic properties. Recent studies suggest that occupational benzene exposure may be associated with solid cancers. However, little is known about its association with male genital cancers. We aimed to summarize the scientific evidence on occupational benzene exposure and the risk of male genital cancers.

Methods

We searched for relevant articles in three electronic databases. Methodological quality and the certainty of evidence were evaluated using a modified version of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) assessment tool. We performed pooled and stratified meta-analyses, as well as meta-regressions to explore potential sources of heterogeneity.

Results

Thirty-one publications were included. Pooled results of incidence and mortality for prostate and testis cancer did not indicate a significant association with occupational benzene exposure. A borderline association was found for the incidence of prostate cancer (standardized incidence ratio (SIR): 1.07, 95% CI 0.97–1.19). Subgroup analyses stratified by study design and study quality revealed significant heterogeneity, with case-control (relative risk (RR): 1.19, 95% CI 1.04–1.36) and high-quality studies (RR: 1.22, 95% CI 1.14–1.31) showing an increased risk. Both NOS and GRADE assessments yielded mostly low to very low-quality results.

Conclusions

This review provides no clear evidence of an association between occupational exposure to benzene and the risk of male genital cancers. Subgroup analysis suggests an increased risk of prostate cancer in high-quality studies. Nevertheless, it is important to acknowledge the methodological limitations of the available studies. Further analyses including methodologically sound studies are needed to corroborate these findings.

背景：苯因其致白血病的特性是公认的一类致癌物。最近的研究表明，职业性苯暴露可能与实体癌有关。然而，人们对它与男性生殖器癌的关系知之甚少。我们旨在总结职业苯暴露与男性生殖器癌风险的科学证据。方法：在3个电子数据库中检索相关文献。使用改良版的纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表（NOS）和建议评估、发展和评估分级（GRADE）评估工具评估方法学质量和证据的确定性。我们进行了汇总和分层荟萃分析，以及荟萃回归来探索异质性的潜在来源。结果：共纳入31篇文献。前列腺癌和睾丸癌的发病率和死亡率汇总结果没有显示与职业性苯暴露有显著关联。前列腺癌的发病率呈临界相关性（标准化发病率比（SIR）： 1.07, 95% CI 0.97-1.19）。按研究设计和研究质量分层的亚组分析显示显著的异质性，病例对照（相对风险（RR）： 1.19, 95% CI 1.04-1.36）和高质量研究（RR: 1.22, 95% CI 1.14-1.31）显示风险增加。NOS和GRADE评估的结果大多是低质量到非常低质量的。结论：本综述没有提供明确的证据表明职业接触苯与男性生殖器癌风险之间存在关联。亚组分析表明高质量研究中前列腺癌的风险增加。然而，重要的是要承认现有研究方法的局限性。需要进一步的分析，包括方法学上合理的研究来证实这些发现。

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引用次数: 0

Medical Surveillance of Occupational Lead Exposure Using the EPA's Toxics Release Inventory and Adult Blood Lead Epidemiology and Surveillance Program: Illinois, 2016–2023 使用EPA有毒物质释放清单和成人血铅流行病学和监测计划的职业铅暴露医学监测：伊利诺伊州，2016-2023。

IF 2.7 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

American journal of industrial medicine

Pub Date : 2025-05-23 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23738

Chibuzor Abasilim, Brett Shannon, Dana Madigan, Lee S. Friedman

Background

Despite existing regulations mandating exposure control, training, and monitoring, many worksites continue to inadequately protect workers from lead exposure. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) requires facilities to report lead emissions to the Toxics Release Inventory (TRI), presenting a potential tool for identifying at-risk worksites. Research has demonstrated that facilities responsible for high levels of environmental pollution often have poor occupational hygiene controls.

Methods

We linked EPA's TRI, the Illinois Adult Blood Lead Registry and business employer data. Using generalized estimating equation (GEE) models, we evaluated the relationship between lead emissions and blood lead testing to estimate the number of potentially exposed workers at sites without medical surveillance of lead exposures between 2016 and 2023.

Results

Of 477 Illinois facilities reporting lead emissions, 8.2% (n = 39) were above-threshold polluters. Only 3.98% (n = 19) reported blood lead testing for 2 or more workers between 2016 and 2023. Average annual on-site emissions were 86 pounds for below-threshold polluters, 2601 pounds for facilities providing medical surveillance, and 16,917 pounds among above-threshold polluters without medical surveillance. Among the 39 above-threshold worksites without medical surveillance, the GEE model estimates that (range low-to-high) 7 to 684 workers annually had positive blood lead levels, and 10 to 256 workers had levels ≥ 25 μg/dL. The models indicate that the majority of estimated exposed workers would be employed at 15 worksites.

Conclusions

Among facilities reporting above-threshold lead releases, workers rarely received blood lead testing. EPA's TRI data can identify facilities where compliance with the OSHA lead standards is inadequate and can help prioritize worksites for outreach.

背景：尽管现有法规要求进行暴露控制、培训和监测，但许多工作场所仍然不能充分保护工人免受铅暴露。环境保护署（EPA）要求工厂向有毒物质释放清单（TRI）报告铅排放情况，这是识别有风险的工作场所的潜在工具。研究表明，造成严重环境污染的设施往往缺乏职业卫生控制。方法：我们将EPA的TRI，伊利诺伊州成人血铅登记和商业雇主数据联系起来。利用广义估计方程（GEE）模型，我们评估了铅排放与血铅检测之间的关系，以估计2016年至2023年间在没有铅暴露医疗监测的地点潜在暴露的工人人数。结果：在伊利诺伊州报告铅排放的477家设施中，8.2% （n = 39）是超过阈值的污染者。在2016年至2023年期间，只有3.98% （n = 19）报告了2名或更多工人的血铅检测。低于阈值的污染者的平均年现场排放量为86磅，提供医疗监测的设施为2601磅，而没有医疗监测的高于阈值的污染者为16,917磅。在39个没有医疗监测的超过阈值的工作场所中，GEE模型估计（从低到高）每年有7至684名工人的血铅水平呈阳性，10至256名工人的血铅水平≥25 μg/dL。这些模型表明，大多数估计受辐射的工人将在15个工作地点工作。结论：在报告铅释放超过阈值的设施中，工人很少接受血铅检测。EPA的TRI数据可以识别不符合OSHA铅标准的设施，并可以帮助确定优先推广的工作场所。

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引用次数: 0

Burden of Selected Chronic Conditions Among Adults of Prime Working Age (25–54) by 2022 Self-Reported COVID-19 and Long COVID History Compared to 2019 Pre-Pandemic Baseline Prevalence: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System 到2022年，与2019年大流行前基线患病率相比，自我报告的COVID-19和长期COVID病史的主要工作年龄（25-54岁）成年人中选定慢性病的负担：行为风险因素监测系统

IF 2.7 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

American journal of industrial medicine

Pub Date : 2025-05-20 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23735

Sharon R. Silver, Jia Li, Sharon H. Saydah

Introduction

Prior research has observed increased risks for numerous chronic conditions among individuals with Long COVID. Chronic conditions have been associated with employment limitations and increased economic hardships. Data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) present an opportunity to examine changes by employment status in the prevalence of a range of chronic conditions between 2019 (pre-pandemic) and, in 2022, by self-reported COVID-19 or Long COVID.

Methods

We assessed the prevalence of chronic conditions in 2022 by employment status and self-reported COVID-19 and Long COVID history using data from BRFSS for adults of prime working age (25–54 years) who were employed for wages, self-employed, unemployed less than 1 year, unemployed 1 year or more, or unable to work. For each chronic condition (coronary heart disease and myocardial infarction [combined], stroke, ever and current asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, kidney disease, diabetes, and arthritis), we generated adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) comparing 2022 prevalence by COVID-19/Long COVID category to prevalences among respondents in that employment status before the pandemic (2019).

Results

The prevalence of both asthma and diabetes increased significantly between 2019 and 2022 among respondents in all included employment categories and COVID-19/Long COVID histories combined. Among employed respondents with Long COVID in 2022, aPRs using 2019 prevalence figures for all employed respondents as a baseline for comparison had statistically significant elevations for every chronic condition assessed.

Conclusions

The increased prevalence of a range of chronic conditions between 2019 and 2022 among adults with Long COVID may present a burden for individuals, the workplace, the healthcare system, and the economy. Additional research in a longitudinal context could better quantify these associations. Efforts to prevent, identify, and treat Long COVID can reduce this burden.

先前的研究发现，长COVID患者患多种慢性疾病的风险增加。慢性疾病与就业限制和经济困难增加有关。来自行为风险因素监测系统（BRFSS）的数据提供了一个机会，可以检查2019年（大流行前）和2022年（自我报告的COVID-19或长期COVID-19）之间就业状况在一系列慢性病患病率中的变化。方法：利用BRFSS的数据，通过就业状况、自报COVID-19和长期COVID-19病史评估2022年慢性疾病的患病率，这些数据来自于有工资就业、自雇、失业未满1年、失业1年或以上、或无法工作的黄金工作年龄（25-54岁）的成年人。对于每种慢性疾病（冠心病和心肌梗死[合并]、中风、曾经和现在的哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺病、肾病、糖尿病和关节炎），我们生成了调整后的患病率比（aPRs），将2022年COVID-19/长COVID类别的患病率与大流行前（2019年）该就业状况的受访者的患病率进行比较。结果：2019年至2022年期间，在所有就业类别和COVID-19/长期COVID病史的受访者中，哮喘和糖尿病的患病率均显著增加。在2022年长COVID的就业受访者中，使用2019年所有就业受访者的患病率数据作为比较基线的apr在评估的每种慢性病中都有统计学上的显著升高。结论：2019年至2022年期间，长冠成人中一系列慢性病的患病率增加，可能会给个人、工作场所、医疗保健系统和经济带来负担。在纵向背景下的进一步研究可以更好地量化这些关联。预防、识别和治疗新型冠状病毒的努力可以减轻这一负担。

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引用次数: 0

Substance Use Right Before or During Work Among the Young US Workers: Evidence From the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 Cohort 美国年轻工人工作前或工作期间的物质使用：来自1997年全国青年纵向调查的证据。

IF 2.7 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

American journal of industrial medicine

Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23737

Sehun Oh, Daejun Park, Sarah Al-Hashemi

Objective

Substance use right before or during work (hereinafter, “substance use in the workplace”) poses significant health risks to users, colleagues, and the public in the workplace. However, less clear are figures on recent prevalence, characteristics of those engaging in such behaviors, and variations across occupations. This study examines the prevalence of substance use in the workplace, individual and work-related characteristics, and substance use risks across different occupations among a nationally representative sample of workers in their early 30 s—a period of heightened substance use.

Methods

Data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 (NLSY97) were analyzed, focusing on 6155 respondents. Past-month prevalence of substance use in the workplace (separately for any substance, alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine/hard drugs) was assessed overall and by occupation using the Census 2002 Standard Occupational Classification. Multivariable Poisson regression models tested associations between occupation and substance use, adjusting for sociodemographic and health-related characteristics.

Results

In the past month, 8.9% of workers reported any substance use in the workplace, including 5.9% for alcohol, 3.1% for marijuana, and 0.8% for cocaine/hard drugs. Prevalence was highest in food preparation/serving occupations, followed by safety-sensitive occupations. Our models indicated higher risks for all types of substance use among food preparation/serving workers, higher alcohol use among white-collar workers, and elevated alcohol and marijuana use in safety-sensitive occupations.

Conclusions

The substantial prevalence of workforce substance use among individuals in their early 30 s raises public health concerns, underscoring the need for workplace interventions addressing occupation-specific patterns of alcohol and marijuana use.

目的：在工作前或工作期间使用药物（以下简称“工作场所使用药物”）对工作场所的使用者、同事和公众构成重大健康风险。然而，最近的流行情况、从事此类行为的人的特征以及不同职业之间的差异的数据就不太清楚了。本研究调查了工作场所药物使用的流行程度、个人和工作相关的特征，以及在全国具有代表性的30岁出头工人样本中不同职业的药物使用风险。30岁出头是药物使用增加的时期。方法：对1997年全国青年纵向调查（NLSY97）的6155名调查对象进行分析。使用《2002年人口普查标准职业分类》对过去一个月在工作场所使用物质的流行情况（对任何物质、酒精、大麻和可卡因/硬性毒品分别进行了评估）进行了总体评估和按职业评估。多变量泊松回归模型检验了职业和物质使用之间的关系，调整了社会人口统计学和健康相关特征。结果：在过去的一个月里，8.9%的员工报告在工作场所使用任何物质，其中5.9%使用酒精，3.1%使用大麻，0.8%使用可卡因/硬性药物。患病率最高的是食品制作/服务职业，其次是安全敏感职业。我们的模型表明，在食品准备/服务工人中，所有类型的物质使用风险较高，白领工人中酒精使用风险较高，在安全敏感职业中酒精和大麻使用风险较高。结论：在30岁出头的个人中，工作场所药物使用的大量流行引起了公共卫生关注，强调需要采取工作场所干预措施，解决特定职业的酒精和大麻使用模式。

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引用次数: 0

The Effects of Body Cooling Strategies on Physiological and Performance Outcomes During Simulated Occupational Work in the Heat 高温环境下模拟职业性工作中身体降温策略对生理和工作表现的影响。

IF 2.7 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

American journal of industrial medicine

Pub Date : 2025-05-14 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23734

Cecilia E. Kaufman, Margaret C. Morrissey-Basler, Monique Marcelino, Douglas J. Casa

Background

Body cooling is a low-cost heat strain mitigation strategy to effectively reduce heat strain and enhance work performance. However, data on the efficacy of body cooling strategies remains limited. We aimed to examine the effects of body cooling with cooling garments on physiological, perceptual, and performance outcomes during simulated work in the heat in men and women.

Methods

Fourteen physically active participants (seven men and seven women; age: 26 ± 3 years, peak oxygen consumption [VO₂peak]: 42.7 ± 7.9 mL kg⁻¹ min⁻¹) completed two randomized control trials in a hot, humid environment (40°C, 40% relative humidity). During the body cooling trial (COOL), participants wore cooling garments (hat, sleeves, neck gaiter), and large cooling towels during rest breaks. There was no cooling intervention in the control trial (CON). Rectal temperature (T_REC), skin temperature (T_SK), and heart rate (HR) were measured continuously. Performance outcomes included the number of boxes lifted during the trial (BOX) and the time to complete 25 repetitions (TT25) post-trial.

Results

There was a significant interaction between trial and activity with COOL reporting overall lower T_REC (CON: 38.40 ± 0.46°C; COOL: 38.08 ± 0.31°C; p < 0.001), T_SK (CON: 37.20 ± 0.72°C; COOL: 35.52 ± 1.52°C; p < 0.001), and HR (CON: 145 ± 17 bpm; COOL: 133 ± 24 bpm; p < 0.001). There was a significant interaction between the number of boxes lifted and trial during BOX 1 and 3 (BOX 1: p = 0.010; BOX 3: p = 0.001). Significant differences between mean TT25 (CON: 169 ± 34 s; COOL: 149 ± 32 s; p = 0.011) were reported between trials.

Conclusion

Body cooling garments reduced physiological responses while improving performance during simulated work in heat and should be considered an effective, low-cost strategy to protect laborers from heat strain.

背景：机体冷却是一种低成本的热应变缓解策略，可有效降低热应变，提高工作绩效。然而，关于身体冷却策略有效性的数据仍然有限。我们的目的是研究在模拟高温工作中，使用降温服对男性和女性的生理、知觉和表现结果的影响。方法：14名体育锻炼参与者(7男7女；年龄：26±3岁，峰值耗氧量[VO2peak]: 42.7±7.9 mL kg-1 min-1)在炎热潮湿的环境（40°C， 40%相对湿度）下完成两项随机对照试验。在身体冷却试验（COOL）中，参与者在休息时穿着冷却服装（帽子、袖子、绑带）和大冷却毛巾。在对照试验（CON）中没有冷却干预。连续测量直肠温度（TREC）、皮肤温度（TSK）和心率（HR）。性能指标包括试验期间举起的箱子数量（BOX）和试验后完成25次重复的时间（TT25）。结果：试验和活动之间存在显著的相互作用，COOL报告总体较低的TREC (CON: 38.40±0.46°C；冷却：38.08±0.31°c；p SK (CON: 37.20±0.72°C；冷却：35.52±1.52°c；结论：在高温模拟工作中，人体冷却衣减少了生理反应，同时提高了表现，应该被认为是一种有效的、低成本的策略，以保护劳动者免受热疲劳。

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引用次数: 0

Sick Leave and Its Associated Factors Among Pregnant Working Women in Egypt 埃及怀孕女工的病假及其相关因素。

IF 2.7 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

American journal of industrial medicine

Pub Date : 2025-05-09 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23736

Asmaa El-Sayed Awaad, Abdel-Hady El-Gilany, Radwa Sehsah

Background

As more women enter the workforce, particularly during their childbearing years, high sick leave rates during pregnancy are observed. The current study aimed to measure the prevalence and predictors of sick leave among pregnant workers and to compare it with pre-pregnancy levels.

Methods

A self-controlled, cross-sectional survey was conducted on 384 pregnant working women using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data included sociodemographic, medical, obstetric, and occupational histories, and details of sick leave during pregnancy and the preceding 9 months. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify significant independent predictors of sick leave during pregnancy.

Results

Prevalence of sick leave was significantly higher during pregnancy compared to the prior 9 months and in the third trimester compared to the other trimesters. Significant predictors were sociodemographic factors [adverse health (adjusted odd ration (AOR) 5.5; 95% CI 2.25–13.54), obstetric history (AOR 2.9; 95% CI 1.48–5.50) and multiparity (AOR 2.2; 95% CI 1.15–4.06)], and work-related factors [strenuous (AOR 16.9; 95% CI 5.91–48.35), or medium-skill occupations (AOR 14.1; 95% CI 3.85–50.32), and low job control (AOR 21.1; 95% CI 8.79–50.32)]. Pregnancy-related significant predictors were infertility treatment (AOR 11.4; 95% CI 2.4–54.2), nausea and vomiting (AOR 6.6; 95% CI 3.1–14.4), neck/back pain (AOR 6.1; 95% CI 3.1–11.9), and respiratory infections (AOR 3.1; 95% CI 1.6–6.2).

Conclusion

In Egypt, sick leave is common during pregnancy, particularly in the third trimester, due to factors related to work, health, and pregnancy. Workplace adjustments, such as flexible schedules and reduced physical demands, could help minimize sick leave and support pregnant employees.

背景：随着越来越多的妇女进入劳动力市场，特别是在育龄期间，观察到怀孕期间的高病假率。目前的研究旨在衡量怀孕工人中病假的流行程度和预测因素，并将其与怀孕前的水平进行比较。方法：采用访谈式问卷对384名孕妇进行自我控制的横断面调查。数据包括社会人口、医疗、产科和职业史，以及怀孕期间和前9个月的病假细节。采用Logistic回归分析确定怀孕期间病假的显著独立预测因素。结果：与怀孕前9个月相比，怀孕晚期与其他三个月相比，病假的患病率明显更高。显著预测因子为社会人口因素[不良健康(调整奇数比（AOR） 5.5；95% CI 2.25-13.54)、产科史(AOR 2.9；95% CI 1.48-5.50)和多胎(AOR 2.2；95% CI 1.15-4.06)]，以及与工作相关的因素[剧烈(AOR 16.9；95% CI 5.91-48.35)，或中等技能职业(AOR 14.1；95% CI 3.85-50.32)和低工作控制(AOR 21.1；95% ci 8.79-50.32)]。与妊娠相关的显著预测因子为不孕症治疗(AOR 11.4；95% CI 2.4-54.2)，恶心和呕吐(AOR 6.6；95% CI 3.1-14.4)，颈/背部疼痛(AOR 6.1；95% CI 3.1-11.9)和呼吸道感染(AOR 3.1；95% ci 1.6-6.2)。结论：在埃及，由于与工作、健康和怀孕有关的因素，病假在怀孕期间很常见，特别是在妊娠晚期。工作场所的调整，比如灵活的工作时间和减少体力需求，可以帮助减少病假，并为怀孕的员工提供支持。

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引用次数: 0

The Impact of Employment Status, Income, and Occupation on the Association Between Workplace Benefits and Health-Related Work Absences 就业状况、收入和职业对工作场所福利与健康相关缺勤之间关系的影响。

IF 2.7 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

American journal of industrial medicine

Pub Date : 2025-05-09 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23733

Jim P. Stimpson, Jessica Billig, Tami Gurley, Joshua M. Liao

Background

Workplace benefits such as paid sick leave and employer-sponsored health insurance influence workers' ability to take time off when ill or injured. We examined whether and to what extent these workplace benefits complement each other in affecting health-related work absences, and whether associations varied by employment status, income, and occupation.

Methods

This cross-sectional study analyzed pooled data from the 2021 and 2023 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), a nationally representative survey of US adults. The sample included 31,280 employed adults. Workers were classified into four workplace benefits groups: paid sick leave only, employer-sponsored health insurance only, both benefits, and neither benefit. The primary outcome was health-related work absence in the past 12 months. Interaction terms assessed differences in probability of absence by employment status (full-time vs. part-time), income (< 400% vs. ≥ 400% of the federal poverty level), and occupation type (Management, Professional, Service, Sales, and Production).

Results

Compared to those with neither benefit, the probability of work absence was 7.3 points higher with employer-sponsored health insurance only (p < 0.001), 4.6 points higher with paid sick leave only (p = 0.002), and 12.0 points higher with both benefits (p < 0.001). The association between workplace benefits and health-related work absence varied by employment status, income level, and occupation type (p < 0.001 for all interactions).

Conclusions

Access to paid sick leave and health insurance increased the likelihood of taking time off due to illness or injury, with differences by employment status, income, and occupation.

背景：工作场所的福利，如带薪病假和雇主赞助的健康保险，会影响工人生病或受伤时请假的能力。我们研究了这些工作场所福利在影响与健康相关的缺勤方面是否以及在多大程度上相互补充，以及这些联系是否因就业状况、收入和职业而异。方法：本横断面研究分析了2021年和2023年全国健康访谈调查（NHIS）的汇总数据，这是一项针对美国成年人的全国代表性调查。样本包括31280名在职成年人。工人们被分为四个工作场所福利组：只有带薪病假，只有雇主赞助的健康保险，两者都有，没有福利。主要结果是过去12个月内与健康相关的缺勤情况。互动项评估了因就业状况（全职与兼职）、收入而导致缺勤概率的差异(结果：与那些没有福利的人相比，只有雇主赞助的健康保险的缺勤概率高出7.3分(p)结论：获得带薪病假和健康保险增加了因病或受伤而请假的可能性，但因就业状况、收入和职业而存在差异。

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引用次数: 0

Association Between Perfluoroalkyl Substance (PFAS) Exposure and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Korean Adults: Results From the KoNEHS 2018–2020: A Cross-Sectional Study 全氟烷基物质（PFAS）暴露与韩国成年人非酒精性脂肪性肝病之间的关系：来自koonehs 2018-2020的结果：一项横断面研究

IF 2.7 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

American journal of industrial medicine

Pub Date : 2025-05-08 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23732

Jisuk Yun, Young-Sun Min

Objectives

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major public health problem and the most common chronic liver disease today. In Korea, the prevalence and incidence of NAFLD are currently very high, causing a serious social burden. Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been consistently implicated as a potential cause of NAFLD, but research in Koreans is limited.

Methods

Using data from the 4th Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS, n = 2792), we investigated the association between PFAS blood levels and NAFLD. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) for the effects of PFAS. A mediation analysis was also conducted to examine the mediating effect of obesity. Finally, weighted quantile sum (WQS) and G-computation methods were implemented to evaluate the joint effect of PFAS mixtures. Hepatic steatosis index was used as a diagnostic tool for NAFLD. [Correction added on 15 May 2025, after first online publication: The KoNEHS n value was changed from 2859 to 2792 in this version.]

Results

Through multivariable logistic regression, statistically significant associations with NAFLD were observed for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) (OR 1.09–1.39), perfluorooctansulfonate (PFOS) (1.09–1.40), perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS) (1.04–1.22), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) (1.12–1.42), and total PFAS (1.21–1.81). We also found that obesity was a significant mediator for PFOA, PFNA, and total PFAS. The ORs for NAFLD obtained by WQS and G-computation methods in the multivariable adjusted model were 1.10–1.46 and 1.08–1.32, respectively.

Conclusions

This study confirmed a significant association between some PFAS and increased odds of NAFLD. Excessive exposure to PFAS might explain the high prevalence and incidence of chronic liver disease in Koreans. Long-term cohort studies are needed to assess geographic and occupational exposures in the Korean population.

目的：非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）是一个主要的公共卫生问题，也是当今最常见的慢性肝病。在韩国，目前NAFLD的患病率和发病率非常高，造成了严重的社会负担。全氟烷基物质（PFAS）一直被认为是NAFLD的潜在原因，但对韩国人的研究有限。方法：利用第四次韩国国家环境健康调查（KoNEHS, n = 2859）的数据，研究PFAS血液水平与NAFLD之间的关系。采用多变量logistic回归模型计算PFAS效果的优势比（or）。我们还进行了中介分析，以检验肥胖的中介作用。最后，采用加权分位数和（WQS）和g -计算方法对PFAS混合物的联合效应进行了评价。肝脂肪变性指数作为NAFLD的诊断工具。结果：通过多变量logistic回归分析，发现全氟辛酸（PFOA）（OR 1.09-1.39）、全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）（1.09-1.40）、全氟六磺酸（PFHxS）（1.04-1.22）、全氟壬酸（PFNA）（1.12-1.42）、总PFAS（1.21-1.81）与NAFLD存在显著相关性。我们还发现肥胖是PFOA、PFNA和总PFAS的重要中介。在多变量调整模型中，WQS法和g计算法对NAFLD的or值分别为1.10 ~ 1.46和1.08 ~ 1.32。结论：本研究证实了一些PFAS与NAFLD发病率增加之间的显著关联。过度暴露于PFAS可能解释了韩国人慢性肝病的高患病率和发病率。需要进行长期队列研究来评估韩国人口的地理和职业暴露情况。

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引用次数: 0