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Incidence of cardiovascular disease in a cohort of mine workers exposed to ultrafine aluminum powder in Ontario, Canada 加拿大安大略省接触超细铝粉的矿工群组中心血管疾病的发病率。
IF 2.7 3区 医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-08-23 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23646
Andrew Zarnke PhD, Sarah Rhodes PhD, Nathan DeBono PhD, Colin Berriault MA, Sandra C. Dorman PhD

Background

A retrospective cohort study was conducted to estimate associations between an ultrafine aluminum powder, McIntyre Powder (MP), and cardiovascular disease incidence in a cohort of mine workers from Ontario, Canada. Disease outcomes included ischemic heart disease (IHD), acute myocardial infarction (AMI), congestive heart failure (CHF), and strokes and transient ischemic attacks (STIA).

Methods

Using work history records from the Ontario Mining Master File (MMF) mine workers were followed for disease incidence in administrative health records. The analysis included 25,813 mine workers who were exposed to MP between 1943 and 1979 and followed for cardiovascular disease (CVD) diagnoses between 2006 and 2018. Cardiovascular disease cases were ascertained using physician, hospital, and ambulatory care records. Poisson regression models were used to estimate age and birth-year adjusted incidence rate ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations between MP exposure and CVD outcomes.

Results

Ever-exposure to MP was positively associated with modest increases in the incidence rate of IHD, AMI, and CHF, but not STIA, using both assessment approaches. Duration of self-reported MP exposure was positively associated with monotonically increasing rates of IHD and AMI compared to never-exposed miners, with the greatest association observed among miners with >20 years of exposure (for IHD: RR 1.24, 95% CI: 0.91–1.68; and for AMI: RR 1.52, 95% CI 1.01–2.28).

Conclusion

Mine workers ever-exposed to MP had modestly elevated rates of CVD. The rate of CVD diagnoses appeared to increase with longer duration of exposure when assessed by both self-reported exposure and through historical records.

背景:我们开展了一项回顾性队列研究,以估算加拿大安大略省矿工队列中超细铝粉麦金塔粉(MP)与心血管疾病发病率之间的关系。疾病结果包括缺血性心脏病(IHD)、急性心肌梗塞(AMI)、充血性心力衰竭(CHF)、中风和短暂性脑缺血发作(STIA):方法:利用安大略省采矿主档案(MMF)中的工作历史记录,对矿工的行政健康记录中的疾病发病率进行跟踪调查。分析对象包括 25813 名矿工,他们在 1943 年至 1979 年期间接触过 MP,并在 2006 年至 2018 年期间接受了心血管疾病(CVD)诊断跟踪。心血管疾病病例是通过医生、医院和非卧床护理记录确定的。采用泊松回归模型估算了经年龄和出生年份调整的发病率比(RR)以及MP暴露与心血管疾病结果之间关系的95%置信区间(CI):结果:采用两种评估方法得出的结果表明,曾经接触过 MP 与 IHD、AMI 和 CHF 发病率的适度增加呈正相关,但与 STIA 无关。与从未接触过MP的矿工相比,自我报告接触MP的时间长短与IHD和AMI发病率的单调递增呈正相关,在接触MP超过20年的矿工中观察到的相关性最大(IHD:RR 1.24,95% CI:0.91-1.68;AMI:RR 1.52,95% CI 1.01-2.28):结论:曾经接触过《蒙特利尔议定书》的矿工的心血管疾病发病率略有升高。根据自我报告的接触情况和历史记录评估,心血管疾病的诊断率似乎随着接触时间的延长而增加。
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引用次数: 0
Authors' response to “Resting diffusing capacity and severity of radiographic disease predict gas exchange abnormalities with exercise in former US coal miners” 科恩等人回应。
IF 2.7 3区 医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-08-22 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23649
Robert A. Cohen, Leonard H. T. Go, Lee Friedman, Lauren M. Zell-Baran, Cecile S. Rose, Kirsten S. Almberg
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引用次数: 0
Re: Cohen et al. Resting diffusing capacity and severity of radiographic disease predict gas exchange abnormalities with exercise in former US coal miners Re:Cohen等人.静态弥散能力和放射病的严重程度可预测前美国煤矿工人运动时的气体交换异常。
IF 2.7 3区 医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-08-22 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23648
Albert Miller MD
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引用次数: 0
Pre-task planning for construction worker safety and health: Implementation and assessment. 建筑工人安全与健康的任务前规划:实施与评估。
IF 2.7 3区 医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-08-10 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23647
Babak Memarian, Sara B Brooks, Jean Christophe Le

Background: Compared to other industry sectors, construction workers experience a disproportionately high rate of occupational injuries and fatalities. As research findings suggest, most of these incidents could be prevented if hazards were proactively recognized and properly addressed. In the construction industry, pre-task planning (PTP) is a preventive process intended to describe each step of work, identify associated safety and health hazards, and recommend controls to eliminate or mitigate the hazards before work begins. Despite its importance, the construction industry lacks comprehensive guidelines to design and implement PTP in a consistent and effective manner. To fill this gap, this study pursued two objectives: (1) identify shortcomings in current PTP practices and explore recommended solutions from practitioners' perspectives and (2) translate research findings into an applied tool to help practitioners assess and improve the quality of their PTP process.

Methods: To fill the gap, 28 construction safety and health professionals and 104 workers were interviewed, and seven onsite PTP sessions were directly observed.

Results: Shortcomings of current PTP practices as well as recommended solutions were categorized as (1) planning and implementation, (2) all-trades coordination, (3) engagement and buy-in, (4) training and logistics, (5) workforce diversity and the language barrier, and (6) PTP content accessibility.

Discussion/conclusions: An effective PTP process should be based on workers' direct involvement and input on task requirements and hazards. It needs to be regularly updated to reflect the changing work conditions. In addition to task-related information, to increase workers' awareness, PTP should paint a holistic view of the project and other trades' scopes.

背景:与其他行业相比,建筑工人的工伤事故和死亡人数高得不成比例。研究结果表明,如果能主动识别并妥善处理危险,大多数事故都是可以避免的。在建筑行业,任务前规划(PTP)是一种预防性流程,旨在描述工作的每个步骤,识别相关的安全和健康危害,并在工作开始前建议控制措施以消除或减轻危害。尽管 PTP 非常重要,但建筑行业缺乏全面的指导原则,无法以一致有效的方式设计和实施 PTP。为了填补这一空白,本研究提出了两个目标:(1)找出当前 PTP 实践中的不足之处,并从从业人员的角度探讨建议的解决方案;(2)将研究成果转化为应用工具,帮助从业人员评估和改进其 PTP 流程的质量:为了填补空白,我们采访了 28 名建筑安全与健康专业人员和 104 名工人,并直接观察了 7 次现场 PTP 会议:当前 PTP 实践的不足之处以及建议的解决方案被归类为:(1)规划和实施;(2)所有行业的协调;(3)参与和认同;(4)培训和后勤;(5)劳动力多样性和语言障碍;(6)PTP 内容的可及性:有效的 PTP 流程应基于工人对任务要求和危险的直接参与和投入。它需要定期更新,以反映不断变化的工作条件。除了与任务相关的信息外,为提高工人的意识,PTP 还应对项目和其他行业的工作范围进行整体描述。
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引用次数: 0
COVID-19 deaths in dental occupations and other healthcare occupations among U.S. decedents in 2020 COVID-19 2020 年美国死者中牙科职业和其他医疗保健职业的死亡人数。
IF 2.7 3区 医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-08-09 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23645
Brie Hawley Blackley MS, PhD, Ethan D. Fechter-Leggett DVM, MPVM, Talia Alexander MS, Fotinos Panagakos DMD, PhD, Tammy Chipps DDS, Jean M. Cox-Ganser PhD

Background

Early studies during the COVID-19 pandemic suggested dental occupations were among the highest risk for exposure to SARs-CoV-2 because of multiple factors increasing exposure, including close proximity to unmasked patients and performance of aerosol-generating procedures. However, to date, few studies have investigated COVID-19 deaths in United States dental occupations, and compared COVID-19 deaths among healthcare occupations.

Methods

We analyzed 2020 mortality data collected by the National Center for Health Statistics' National Vital Statistics System. Multivariable logistic regression was used to generate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals for COVID-19 as the underlying cause of death in relation to occupation in working-age decedents (≤65 years), after adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, and medical conditions associated with severe COVID-19.

Results

Dental occupations did not have significantly higher risk for COVID-19 death when compared to all other occupations combined. Among healthcare occupations with frequent, direct patient- or client interactions, LPNs and LVNs, and speech and language pathologists had significantly elevated adjusted ORs for COVID-19 death when compared to dentists, dental hygienists, or dental assistants. Similarly, nurse practitioners had significantly higher ORs for COVID-19 mortality than dentists or dental hygienists, and approached significance when compared to dental assistants. Conversely, massage therapists and other health diagnosing and treating practitioners had significantly lower adjusted ORs for COVID-19 death compared with dental occupations.

Conclusion

Our study highlights potential differences in work-related transmission of SARs-CoV-2 and subsequent COVID-19 deaths in healthcare occupations, and furthers a previously limited understanding of COVID-19 deaths in healthcare occupations in 2020, before COVID-19 vaccine availability. Our results indicate that dental occupations were not among the highest, nor lowest risk, healthcare occupations for COVID-19 deaths in 2020, despite their known risks of direct exposure.

背景:COVID-19 大流行期间的早期研究表明,牙科职业是接触 SARs-CoV-2 风险最高的职业之一,因为多种因素增加了接触风险,包括接近未戴口罩的患者和进行产生气溶胶的操作。然而,迄今为止,很少有研究对美国牙科职业中的 COVID-19 死亡病例进行调查,也很少有研究对医疗保健职业中的 COVID-19 死亡病例进行比较:我们分析了国家卫生统计中心的国家生命统计系统收集的 2020 年死亡率数据。在对年龄、性别、种族/民族、教育程度以及与严重 COVID-19 相关的医疗条件进行调整后,我们使用多变量逻辑回归法得出了 COVID-19 作为工龄死者(≤65 岁)死因的几率比(ORs)以及与职业相关的 95% 置信区间:与所有其他职业相比,牙科职业的COVID-19死亡风险并没有明显升高。与牙医、牙科卫生员或牙科助理相比,在与患者或客户频繁直接互动的医疗保健职业中,LPN 和 LVN 以及言语和语言病理学家的 COVID-19 死亡调整 ORs 显著升高。同样,执业护士的 COVID-19 死亡率 ORs 明显高于牙医或牙科保健师,与牙科助理相比接近显著性。相反,与牙科职业相比,按摩师和其他健康诊断与治疗从业人员的 COVID-19 死亡调整 ORs 明显较低:我们的研究强调了医疗保健职业中与工作相关的 SARs-CoV-2 传播及随后的 COVID-19 死亡的潜在差异,并进一步加深了之前对 2020 年(COVID-19 疫苗上市前)医疗保健职业中 COVID-19 死亡的有限了解。我们的研究结果表明,尽管牙科职业存在已知的直接接触风险,但它们并不属于 2020 年 COVID-19 死亡风险最高或最低的医疗保健职业。
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引用次数: 0
A method to assess bullying and harassment as an upstream determinant of construction worker mental health. 作为建筑工人心理健康上游决定因素的欺凌和骚扰评估方法。
IF 2.7 3区 医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23644
Cora Roelofs, Chris Rodman, Amber Trueblood, Chris T Cain

Background: Bullying and harassment in the workplace are increasingly recognized as hazardous exposures associated with poor mental health and suicidality. The construction sector has one of the highest rates of suicide among all occupations and is actively engaged in efforts to destigmatize mental health support. However, there has been less focus on reducing factors that may be contributing to poor well-being among construction workers.

Methods: As a step toward addressing work-related determinants of mental health in construction, we collaborated with a large construction union to survey members about their experiences of abusive conduct. We adapted standardized questionnaires to better suit the sector, such as by assessing "hazing that went too far" and apprenticeship status. Additionally, we included questions on reporting of abuse, concern about the impacts of abuse, and an open-response to allow participants to share their perspectives.

Results: We developed and tested a carefully-tailored survey of abusive conduct. The responses to the survey (over 3300, including 500 narrative responses) will facilitate data-driven interventions with the potential to prevent and address abuse. This paper describes the survey development process in collaboration with the union, domains of abuse that are relevant to the construction context, and the survey protocol.

Conclusion: Through a collaborative effort, we developed an instrument to understand abusive conduct in construction and benchmark success in reducing adverse experiences of bullying and harassment. We recommend its use throughout the sector to reduce exposure to this well-being hazard.

背景:越来越多的人认识到,工作场所中的欺凌和骚扰是与不良心理健康和自杀相关的危险暴露。在所有职业中,建筑业是自杀率最高的行业之一,该行业正积极致力于消除心理健康支持的污名化。然而,人们对减少可能导致建筑工人心理健康状况不佳的因素的关注却较少:作为解决建筑行业中与工作相关的心理健康决定因素的一个步骤,我们与一个大型建筑工会合作,调查会员们遭受虐待的经历。我们对标准化问卷进行了调整,以更好地适应该行业,例如评估 "太过分的欺侮 "和学徒身份。此外,我们还加入了关于举报虐待行为、关注虐待行为的影响以及开放式回答等问题,以便参与者分享他们的观点:我们开发并测试了一项精心定制的虐待行为调查。对调查的答复(超过 3300 份,包括 500 份叙述性答复)将有助于采取以数据为导向的干预措施,从而有可能预防和解决虐待问题。本文介绍了与工会合作开发调查的过程、与建筑业相关的虐待领域以及调查协议:通过合作,我们开发了一种工具来了解建筑业中的虐待行为,并对减少欺凌和骚扰的不良经历方面的成功经验进行评估。我们建议在整个行业使用该工具,以减少这种危害健康的行为。
{"title":"A method to assess bullying and harassment as an upstream determinant of construction worker mental health.","authors":"Cora Roelofs, Chris Rodman, Amber Trueblood, Chris T Cain","doi":"10.1002/ajim.23644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajim.23644","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bullying and harassment in the workplace are increasingly recognized as hazardous exposures associated with poor mental health and suicidality. The construction sector has one of the highest rates of suicide among all occupations and is actively engaged in efforts to destigmatize mental health support. However, there has been less focus on reducing factors that may be contributing to poor well-being among construction workers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>As a step toward addressing work-related determinants of mental health in construction, we collaborated with a large construction union to survey members about their experiences of abusive conduct. We adapted standardized questionnaires to better suit the sector, such as by assessing \"hazing that went too far\" and apprenticeship status. Additionally, we included questions on reporting of abuse, concern about the impacts of abuse, and an open-response to allow participants to share their perspectives.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We developed and tested a carefully-tailored survey of abusive conduct. The responses to the survey (over 3300, including 500 narrative responses) will facilitate data-driven interventions with the potential to prevent and address abuse. This paper describes the survey development process in collaboration with the union, domains of abuse that are relevant to the construction context, and the survey protocol.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Through a collaborative effort, we developed an instrument to understand abusive conduct in construction and benchmark success in reducing adverse experiences of bullying and harassment. We recommend its use throughout the sector to reduce exposure to this well-being hazard.</p>","PeriodicalId":7873,"journal":{"name":"American journal of industrial medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141905626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Burden and social distribution of occupational psychosocial exposures in the United States workforce, 2022 2022 年美国劳动力职业社会心理暴露的负担和社会分布。
IF 2.7 3区 医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-08-06 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23641
Shelley C. Stephan-Recaido MS, Trevor K. Peckham MS, MPA, PhD, Devan Hawkins PhD, Marissa G. Baker PhD

Objective

To characterize the burden and social distribution of occupational psychosocial exposures in the United States (US).

Methods

We merged 2022 US employment and demographic data from the Current Population Survey (CPS) with occupational characteristic data from the Occupational Information Network (O*NET), wage data from the Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics Survey, and hours worked from the CPS, to estimate the number and proportion of US workers at risk of exposure to 19 psychosocial hazards. We additionally estimated the number and proportion of US workers over- or underrepresented in exposure burden.

Results

Of the exposures examined, US workers were most commonly employed in occupations with high time pressure (67.5 million US workers exposed; 43.2% US workers exposed), high emotional labor (57.1 million; 36.6%), and low wages (47.8 million; 30.6%). The burden of exposures was uneven across sociodemographic strata, attributable to occupational segregation. The full data set is available online at https://deohs.washington.edu/us-exposure-burden.

Conclusions

Work-related psychosocial exposures are ubiquitous and should be considered in occupational and public health research, policy, and interventions to reduce the burden of disease and health inequities in the United States.

目的描述美国职业社会心理暴露的负担和社会分布:我们将 2022 年美国经常人口调查(CPS)中的就业和人口数据与职业信息网络(O*NET)中的职业特征数据、职业就业和工资统计调查中的工资数据以及 CPS 中的工时数据进行了合并,从而估算出面临 19 种社会心理危害风险的美国工人的数量和比例。此外,我们还估算了暴露负担过重或过轻的美国工人的数量和比例:在所研究的风险暴露中,美国工人最常从事的职业是时间压力大(6750 万美国工人面临风险暴露;43.2% 美国工人面临风险暴露)、高情绪劳动(5710 万;36.6%)和低工资(4780 万;30.6%)。不同社会人口阶层的暴露负担不均衡,这可归因于职业隔离。完整的数据集可在网上查阅:https://deohs.washington.edu/us-exposure-burden.Conclusions:与工作相关的社会心理暴露无处不在,应在职业和公共卫生研究、政策和干预措施中加以考虑,以减轻美国的疾病负担和健康不平等。
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引用次数: 0
Occupational inequalities in mortality from cardiovascular disease, 2020–2021 2020-2021 年心血管疾病死亡率的职业不平等。
IF 2.7 3区 医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-08-06 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23643
Devan Hawkins, Karina Thomas, Paul Landsbergis

Background

In recent years previous declines in cardiovascular disease (CVD) have stalled. There are occupational risk factors for CVD mortality. This study seeks to examine inequalities in CVD mortality for working-age adults in the United States by occupation.

Methods

Death certificate data for CVD deaths were obtained from the National Center for Health Statistics. Occupation data from these death certificates were coded to major occupation groups. Using information about the number of workers employed in these occupations obtained from the American Community Survey, we calculated mortality rates and rate ratios (RRs), adjusted for covariates associated with CVD mortality.

Results

After adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and educational attainment, workers in 11 occupations had significantly elevated RRs: food preparation and serving; construction and extraction; arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media; life, physical, and social science; farming, fishing, and forestry; legal; protective services; building and grounds cleaning and maintenance; healthcare practitioners and technical; personal care and service; and community and social services.

Conclusions

Occupation appears to be a significant predictor of CVD mortality. Further research is needed to assess how occupational risk factors contribute to changing trends for CVD mortality. Interventions are needed to address workplace risk factors for CVD.

背景:近年来,心血管疾病(CVD)的下降趋势已经停滞。心血管疾病死亡率存在职业风险因素。本研究旨在探讨美国劳动适龄成年人心血管疾病死亡率因职业而存在的不平等现象:方法:从美国国家卫生统计中心获得心血管疾病死亡的死亡证明数据。这些死亡证明中的职业数据被编码为主要职业组。利用从美国社区调查(American Community Survey)中获得的这些职业的就业人数信息,我们计算了死亡率和比率比(RRs),并对与心血管疾病死亡率相关的协变量进行了调整:在对年龄、性别、种族/族裔和教育程度进行调整后,11 个职业的工人的死亡率比明显升高:食品准备和服务;建筑和采掘;艺术、设计、娱乐、体育和媒体;生活、体育和社会科学;农业、渔业和林业;法律;保护服务;建筑和地面清洁与维护;医疗保健从业人员和技术人员;个人护理和服务;社区和社会服务:结论:职业似乎是预测心血管疾病死亡率的一个重要因素。需要进一步开展研究,以评估职业风险因素如何导致心血管疾病死亡率趋势的变化。需要采取干预措施来解决工作场所的心血管疾病风险因素。
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引用次数: 0
Association between longest-held occupation and mortality risk 从事职业时间最长与死亡风险之间的关系。
IF 2.7 3区 医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23642
Abay Asfaw PhD, Anasua Bhattacharya PhD

Background

Occupation is associated with a large part of daily activities, affecting lifestyle and social status. However, limited research exists on the association between longest-held occupation (LHO) and early mortality. We examine if LHO is associated with mortality risk among US adults 51 years of age and older.

Methods

Using Health and Retirement Study data from 1992 to 2020, we followed 26,758 respondents 51 years of age and older for up to 29 years. We used competing-risks analysis methodology to estimate the risk of mortality.

Results

Across the average 20.5 follow-up years, women with LHO in the categories of machine operators (subhazard ratio [SHR]: 1.42), food preparation (SHR: 1.39), handlers and helpers (SHR: 1.35), and sales (SHR: 1.15), were more likely to die earlier than women with the LHO in the professional and technical support occupation, the reference occupation. Men with LHO in the categories of food preparation (SHR: 1.43), machine operators (SHR: 1.36), personal services (SHR: 1.34), handlers and helpers (SHR: 1.32), protective services (SHR: 1.31), clerical (SHR: 1.27), farming and fishing (SHR: 1.26), sales (SHR: 1.23), and precision production (SHR: 1.20) had elevated risks of mortality compared to men whose LHO was in the referent professional and technical support occupation.

Conclusions

Findings from this study provide comprehensive and current evidence that occupation can be one of the risk factors for adverse health outcomes and ultimately for early mortality.

背景:职业与大部分日常活动相关,影响着生活方式和社会地位。然而,关于最长从事职业(LHO)与早期死亡率之间关系的研究却很有限。我们研究了美国 51 岁及以上的成年人中,LHO 是否与死亡风险相关:我们利用 1992 年至 2020 年的健康与退休研究数据,对 26 758 名 51 岁及以上的受访者进行了长达 29 年的跟踪调查。我们采用竞争风险分析方法来估算死亡风险:在平均 20.5 年的随访期间,与从事专业和技术支持职业(参考职业)的 LHO 女性相比,从事机器操作员(次危险比 [SHR]:1.42)、食品准备(SHR:1.39)、搬运工和帮工(SHR:1.35)以及销售(SHR:1.15)职业的 LHO 女性更有可能早死。在食品准备(社会学报告:1.43)、机器操作员(社会学报告:1.36)、个人服务(社会学报告:1.34)、搬运工和帮工(社会学报告:1.32)、保护服务(社会学报告:1.31)、文秘(社会学报告:1.27)、农业和渔业(SHR:1.26)、销售(SHR:1.23)和精密生产(SHR:1.20)与 LHO 从事参考专业和技术支持职业的男性相比,死亡风险更高:这项研究的结果提供了全面和最新的证据,表明职业可能是导致不良健康后果并最终导致早期死亡的风险因素之一。
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引用次数: 0
The impact of regulatory workplace safety inspections on workers' compensation claim rates 监管性工作场所安全检查对工伤索赔率的影响。
IF 2.7 3区 医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23640
Christopher B. McLeod PhD, Robert A. Macpherson PhD, Ailin He PhD, Benjamin C. Amick III, PhD, Mieke Koehoorn PhD, Emile Tompa PhD

Background

Studies on the impact of workplace safety inspections on work injuries have found mixed effectiveness. Most studies are from the United States, examining Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA) regulatory inspections in manufacturing firms with more than 10 employees. This study examines whether regulatory inspections in Alberta, Canada, result in reductions in workers' compensation claims rates for inspected firms relative to comparable non-inspected firms.

Methods

Firm and claim-level data from the Workers' Compensation Board of Alberta were linked with regulatory enforcement data from the Government of Alberta for construction, manufacturing, and transportation firms with at least one full-time employee for 37 consecutive months. A matched difference-in-differences study design was used to estimate changes in lost-time claim rates for work-related injuries and musculoskeletal diseases of inspected and comparable non-inspected firms between the year pre-inspection and 2 years, post-inspection, controlling for firm-level characteristics.

Results

Inspections were not effective in reducing firm-level claim rates, with the exception of transportation firms with more than one inspection experiencing a 28% decrease in their claim rate in the second year post-inspection, relative to the change in non-inspected firms. In construction, inspected firms experienced a 12% increase in their claim rate in the first year post-inspection. No effect was observed in the manufacturing sector.

Conclusions

Regulatory workplace safety inspections in Alberta generally do not result in greater reductions in firm-level claim rates in the construction, manufacturing, and transportation sectors. Inspections alone may not be sufficient to induce compliance or hazard management changes that lead to reductions in firm-level injuries.

背景:有关工作场所安全检查对工伤影响的研究发现,其效果好坏参半。大多数研究都来自美国,研究对象是美国职业健康与安全管理局(OSHA)对拥有 10 名以上员工的制造企业进行的监管检查。本研究探讨了加拿大艾伯塔省的监管检查是否会使受检查企业的工伤索赔率相对于未受检查的同类企业有所下降:将阿尔伯塔省工人赔偿委员会提供的企业和索赔水平数据与阿尔伯塔省政府提供的监管执法数据联系起来,这些数据涉及连续 37 个月至少有一名全职员工的建筑、制造和运输企业。在控制企业层面特征的前提下,采用匹配差分研究设计来估算受检查企业与同类非受检查企业在检查前一年与检查后两年之间工伤和肌肉骨骼疾病损失工时索赔率的变化:检查并不能有效降低公司层面的索赔率,但接受过一次以上检查的运输公司在检查后第二年的索赔率相对于未接受检查公司的变化降低了 28%。在建筑业,接受检查的公司在检查后第一年的索赔率增加了 12%。在制造业没有观察到任何影响:艾伯塔省的工作场所安全监管检查一般不会使建筑业、制造业和运输业的公司索赔率大幅下降。仅靠检查可能不足以促使企业遵守规定或改变危险管理,从而减少企业层面的工伤事故。
{"title":"The impact of regulatory workplace safety inspections on workers' compensation claim rates","authors":"Christopher B. McLeod PhD,&nbsp;Robert A. Macpherson PhD,&nbsp;Ailin He PhD,&nbsp;Benjamin C. Amick III, PhD,&nbsp;Mieke Koehoorn PhD,&nbsp;Emile Tompa PhD","doi":"10.1002/ajim.23640","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajim.23640","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Studies on the impact of workplace safety inspections on work injuries have found mixed effectiveness. Most studies are from the United States, examining Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA) regulatory inspections in manufacturing firms with more than 10 employees. This study examines whether regulatory inspections in Alberta, Canada, result in reductions in workers' compensation claims rates for inspected firms relative to comparable non-inspected firms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Firm and claim-level data from the Workers' Compensation Board of Alberta were linked with regulatory enforcement data from the Government of Alberta for construction, manufacturing, and transportation firms with at least one full-time employee for 37 consecutive months. A matched difference-in-differences study design was used to estimate changes in lost-time claim rates for work-related injuries and musculoskeletal diseases of inspected and comparable non-inspected firms between the year pre-inspection and 2 years, post-inspection, controlling for firm-level characteristics.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Inspections were not effective in reducing firm-level claim rates, with the exception of transportation firms with more than one inspection experiencing a 28% decrease in their claim rate in the second year post-inspection, relative to the change in non-inspected firms. In construction, inspected firms experienced a 12% increase in their claim rate in the first year post-inspection. No effect was observed in the manufacturing sector.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Regulatory workplace safety inspections in Alberta generally do not result in greater reductions in firm-level claim rates in the construction, manufacturing, and transportation sectors. Inspections alone may not be sufficient to induce compliance or hazard management changes that lead to reductions in firm-level injuries.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7873,"journal":{"name":"American journal of industrial medicine","volume":"67 10","pages":"877-887"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajim.23640","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141756688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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American journal of industrial medicine
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