American journal of industrial medicine最新文献_第4页

Citizenship Status and the Family and Medical Leave Act: Examining Inequities in Eligibility Among Hispanic Workers 公民身份和家庭和医疗休假法案：审查西班牙裔工人资格的不平等。

IF 3.1 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

American journal of industrial medicine

Pub Date : 2025-08-10 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.70011

Susana Quirós, Mansoo Yu

Background

The Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) is the sole U.S. policy protecting job security during medical or parental leave. We extend prior work by analyzing overall FMLA eligibility by citizenship and gender among Hispanic workers. We examine which criteria—employer size, job tenure, and minimum work hours—drive citizenship disparities. We also investigate the factors predicting FMLA eligibility and examine the population-level characteristics contributing to FMLA citizenship disparities.

Methods

We used the 2018 Current Population Survey (n = 5632) to compare FMLA eligibility by citizenship status among Hispanic foreign-born workers by sex. We used multivariate linear regressions and Blinder-Oaxaca decompositions to investigate citizenship inequities in FMLA eligibility.

Results

Findings showed eligibility disparities: 38.9% of noncitizen men and 42.2% of noncitizen women met FMLA criteria compared to over half of their citizen counterparts. For men, this disparity stemmed primarily from differences in employer size, with less than half of non-citizens working for eligible employers. For women, both employer size and job tenure contributed to the ineligibility. Decomposition analyses showed that educational and occupational differences explained roughly half the employer-size citizenship disparity among men. Among women, occupation, full-time status, and education accounted for 85% of the employer size disparity. Age, residency duration, and full-time status explained nearly 75% of the job tenure citizen gap.

Conclusions

The FMLA's design excludes Hispanic non-citizens during critical life events. Addressing occupational segregation and educational barriers and modifying eligibility criteria are crucial to mitigating these disparities. A national paid family and medical leave policy is urgently needed.

背景：《家庭和医疗休假法》（FMLA）是美国唯一保护医疗或育儿假期间工作保障的政策。我们通过分析西班牙裔工人的国籍和性别的FMLA总体资格来扩展先前的工作。我们考察了哪些标准——雇主规模、工作任期和最低工作时间——导致了公民身份的差异。我们还研究了预测FMLA资格的因素，并检查了导致FMLA公民身份差异的人口水平特征。方法：我们使用2018年当前人口调查（n = 5632）来比较西班牙裔外国出生工人按国籍身份和性别的FMLA资格。我们使用多元线性回归和Blinder-Oaxaca分解来调查FMLA资格中的公民不平等。结果：调查结果显示了资格差异：38.9%的非公民男性和42.2%的非公民女性符合FMLA标准，而超过一半的非公民同行。对于男性来说，这种差异主要源于雇主规模的差异，只有不到一半的非公民为符合条件的雇主工作。对妇女来说，雇主规模和工作年限都是导致不合格的原因。分解分析显示，教育和职业的差异可以解释男性雇主规模的公民身份差异的大约一半。在女性中，职业、全职状态和教育程度占雇主规模差异的85%。年龄、居住时间和全职身份解释了近75%的工作任期公民差距。结论：FMLA的设计排除了西班牙裔非公民在关键生活事件中的影响。解决职业隔离和教育障碍以及修改资格标准对于减轻这些差距至关重要。迫切需要一项全国带薪家庭假和病假政策。

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引用次数: 0

Clearing the Air: A Pilot Study of Ventilation Interventions in New York City Nail Salons 净化空气：纽约市美甲沙龙通风干预的试点研究。

IF 3.1 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

American journal of industrial medicine

Pub Date : 2025-08-07 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.70012

Rachel L. Thompson, A. Michael Ierardi, Samantha Fisher, Brian Pavilonis

Introduction

Exposure to airborne chemicals in nail salons poses occupational and public health risks. Despite a 2015 New York State mandate requiring local and general exhaust ventilation (LEV and GEV) in nail salons, many continue to struggle with compliance. This study evaluates a tailored ventilation intervention to mitigate exposures in New York City salons through more effective use of existing ventilation infrastructure.

Methods

Six nail salons participated. At each salon, we used direct reading instruments to measure baseline total volatile organic compound (TVOC) concentrations in air over 1-min intervals for seven consecutive days. Using baseline data, we created an exposure report for each salon and developed an individualized plan to use the salon's existing ventilation systems or other controls (such as opening windows/doors) more effectively to proactively respond to worsening air quality. We then collected an additional seven days of TVOC measurements and compared air quality in salons during operating hours before versus after the intervention.

Results

Intervention effects varied. Salons effectively using LEV and GEV saw TVOC reductions of 16.3%–73.8%, while those relying solely on LEV saw no significant changes in TVOC concentrations. One salon without mechanical ventilation achieved an 82.2% reduction by opening windows/doors.

Conclusions

Optimizing existing ventilation systems can significantly reduce airborne chemical exposures in nail salons, though effectiveness depends on the availability and proper use of ventilation infrastructure. GEV and natural ventilation may be particularly effective and low-cost solutions to improve nail salon air quality, though ambient conditions must be considered when recommending natural ventilation.

导言：在美甲沙龙接触空气中的化学物质会对职业和公众健康造成危害。尽管纽约州在2015年颁布了一项法令，要求美甲沙龙使用局部和一般的排气通风设备（LEV和GEV），但许多美甲沙龙仍在努力遵守规定。本研究评估了一种量身定制的通风干预措施，通过更有效地利用现有的通风基础设施来减少纽约市沙龙的暴露。方法：6家美甲沙龙参与。在每个沙龙，我们使用直读仪器连续7天每隔1分钟测量空气中总挥发性有机化合物（TVOC）的基线浓度。利用基线数据，我们为每个沙龙创建了一份暴露报告，并制定了个性化的计划，以更有效地利用沙龙现有的通风系统或其他控制措施（如打开窗户/门）来主动应对不断恶化的空气质量。然后，我们收集了另外七天的TVOC测量数据，并比较了干预前后沙龙营业时间内的空气质量。结果：干预效果各不相同。有效使用LEV和GEV的沙龙的TVOC浓度降低了16.3%-73.8%，而完全依赖LEV的沙龙的TVOC浓度没有显著变化。一个没有机械通风的沙龙通过打开窗户/门减少了82.2%。结论：优化现有的通风系统可以显著减少美甲沙龙空气中的化学物质暴露，尽管有效性取决于通风基础设施的可用性和正确使用。GEV和自然通风可能是改善美甲沙龙空气质量的特别有效和低成本的解决方案，尽管在推荐自然通风时必须考虑环境条件。

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引用次数: 0

Biomarkers of Kidney Function and Injury Across Fire Seasons and During a Mid-Season Fire Incident in the Wildland Firefighter Exposure and Health Effect (WFFEHE) Study 在野外消防员暴露和健康影响（WFFEHE）研究中，火灾季节和季节中期火灾事件中肾脏功能和损伤的生物标志物。

IF 3.1 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

American journal of industrial medicine

Pub Date : 2025-08-03 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.70006

Lynne E. Pinkerton, Sara E. Luckhaupt, Stephen Bertke, Corey R. Butler, Thomas R. Hales, Kathleen M. DuBose, Alejandra Ramirez-Cardenas, Deborah Sammons, Christine Toennis, Molly R. West, Christa R. Hale

Background

Occupational heat stress among wildland firefighters (WFFs) performing arduous work or working in hot work environments may cause kidney dysfunction and injury.

Methods

Kidney function and injury biomarkers (serum and urine) were measured among 39 WFFs pre- and post-fire season in 2018–2019. The same biomarkers were measured in 19 of these 39 WFFs over 3 days during a 2019 mid-season fire incident. Median differences in biomarker concentrations across the fire season and across the mid-season incident were evaluated using the Sign test. The primary outcome of interest was the cystatin C-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR_cys).

Results

The eGFR_cys decreased (median difference = −5 mL/min/1.73 m²; interquartile range [IQR] = −8, −2 mL/min/1.73 m²; p = 0.008), and 53% of participants lost ≥ 2% of their body weight across the first day of the mid-season fire incident. Median eGFR_cys did not decrease across the fire season (median difference = 0 mL/min/1.73 m²; IQR = −5, 5 mL/min/1.73 m²; p = 0.52). The albumin-creatinine ratio and the ratios of urine kidney injury molecule-1 and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin concentrations to urine osmolality increased across ≥ 1 day during the mid-season incident.

Conclusions

A temporary decrease in kidney function and changes in biomarkers of kidney injury were observed during a wildland fire incident. Additional research is warranted to confirm these findings, assess associations with occupational heat stress, and determine whether persistent, clinically relevant kidney injury and dysfunction occur among WFFs over time. The findings also support the need for continued efforts to promote optimal hydration of WFFs.

背景：从事艰苦工作或在高温环境中工作的野地消防员（wff）的职业热应激可能导致肾功能障碍和损伤。方法：对2018-2019年39例wff火灾前后的肾功能和损伤生物标志物（血清和尿液）进行检测。在2019年的一次季中火灾事件中，在这39个wff中，有19个在3天内测量了相同的生物标志物。使用Sign测试评估火灾季节和季节中期事件中生物标志物浓度的中位数差异。主要终点是基于胱抑素c的估计肾小球滤过率（eGFRcys）。结果：eGFRcys降低(中位数差值= -5 mL/min/1.73 m2；四分位间距[IQR] = -8, -2 mL/min/1.73 m2；P = 0.008)， 53%的参与者在季节中期火灾事件的第一天体重减轻了≥2%。中位数eGFRcys在整个火灾季节没有下降(中位数差异= 0 mL/min/1.73 m2；IQR = - 5,5 mL/min/1.73 m2；p = 0.52)。白蛋白-肌酐比值以及尿肾损伤分子-1和中性粒细胞明胶酶相关的脂钙蛋白浓度与尿渗透压比值在季节中期事件中增加≥1天。结论：在野火事件中观察到肾功能的暂时下降和肾损伤的生物标志物的变化。需要进一步的研究来证实这些发现，评估职业性热应激的相关性，并确定随着时间的推移，wff中是否会出现持续的、临床相关的肾损伤和功能障碍。研究结果还支持继续努力促进wff的最佳水合作用的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Silica Hazards in Engineered Stone Countertop Production: Worker Experiences and Challenges in Los Angeles 工程石材台面生产中的二氧化硅危害：洛杉矶工人的经验和挑战。

IF 3.1 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

American journal of industrial medicine

Pub Date : 2025-07-28 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.70010

Jane C. Fazio, Sandra R. Garcia, Ivy R. Torres, Sheiphali A. Gandhi, Kristin J. Cummings, Russell G. Buhr, Kevin Riley, Ninez Ponce, Arturo Vargas Bustamante, Beth Glenn

Background

Silicosis is a progressive occupational lung disease caused by inhalation of respirable crystalline silica. Stone countertop workers are at risk of developing silicosis associated with engineered stone (ES) due to its high silica content and widespread use. This qualitative study assessed countertop workers' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding silica hazards.

Methods

We recruited 20 participants for semi-structured interviews through purposive sampling of workplaces in Los Angeles, California. Eligibility requirements: employment in countertop fabrication, exposure to engineered stone, ≥ 18 years old, and English or Spanish proficiency. Interviews were recorded, translated, and transcribed. Two researchers employed thematic and content analysis to code transcripts using both inductive and deductive methods.

Results

All respondents were Latino men, 90% of whom were foreign-born, with a median age of 44 years and a median work tenure of 20 years. We identified five themes: (1) Hazardous work environments: Respondents regularly engaged in dry-cutting practices (68%), and half reported that their employers did not reliably provide respirators. (2) Insufficient training and educational resources: Respondents possessed basic knowledge that dust caused lung disease (90%); however, most acquired knowledge through word-of-mouth or media. (3) Employment vulnerability: Workers feared being fired for raising safety concerns. (4) Workforce entrapment: Although many workers considered leaving the industry, they were hindered by a lack of legal immigration status or alternative skills, as well as the presumed lower pay in a new industry. (5) Worker-identified solutions: Workers suggested wet cutting, workplace training, and regulation of ES, including its elimination.

Conclusion

The results support continued policy, regulatory, and enforcement efforts aimed at minimizing silica exposure. Workers recommended workplace and upstream solutions, such as eliminating ES.

背景：矽肺病是一种进行性职业性肺病，由吸入可吸入的结晶二氧化硅引起。由于工程石材的高硅含量和广泛使用，石材台面工人有患与工程石材相关的矽肺病的风险。这项定性研究评估了台面工人关于二氧化硅危害的知识、态度和实践。方法：我们通过有目的的抽样，在加利福尼亚州洛杉矶的工作场所招募了20名参与者进行半结构化访谈。资格要求：工作在台面制造，接触工程石材，≥18岁，英语或西班牙语熟练。采访被录音、翻译和转录。两位研究者采用主题分析和内容分析两种方法对转录本进行归纳和演绎编码。结果：所有受访者都是拉丁裔男性，其中90%是外国出生的，平均年龄为44岁，平均工作年限为20年。我们确定了五个主题：(1)危险的工作环境：受访者经常从事干切作业（68%），一半的人报告说他们的雇主没有可靠地提供呼吸器。(2)培训教育资源不足：受访者掌握粉尘导致肺部疾病的基本知识（90%）；然而，大多数人通过口口相传或媒体获得知识。(3)就业脆弱性：工人害怕因为提出安全问题而被解雇。(4)劳动力陷阱：尽管许多工人考虑离开这个行业，但由于缺乏合法移民身份或替代技能，以及新行业的工资较低，他们受到了阻碍。(5)工人确定的解决方案：工人建议湿切割、工作场所培训和ES法规，包括消除ES。结论：研究结果支持旨在减少二氧化硅暴露的持续政策、监管和执法努力。工人们推荐了工作场所和上游解决方案，例如消除ES。

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引用次数: 0

Cow-Related Injuries in Wisconsin During 2017−2023 2017-2023年威斯康星州奶牛相关伤害。

IF 3.1 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

American journal of industrial medicine

Pub Date : 2025-07-22 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.70009

Komi K. S. Modji, Katherine McCoy, Paul D. Creswell, Morris R. Collin, Carrie Tomasallo, Sheryl Bedno

Introduction

The dairy industry–a key industry for the economy–remains a potentially hazardous industry across the nation. The literature on animal-related injuries in the agriculture industry is sparse. This analysis aimed to describe cow-related injuries, the utilization of workers' compensation, and the circumstances of the injuries.

Methods

This mixed methods analysis of agricultural injuries focused on cow-related injuries in hospital discharge and workers' compensation data during 2017–2023. Cases, aged 12 or older, were identified in the hospital discharge data using ICD10-CM codes. Cow-related claim injury narratives and industry and occupation data were extracted from workers' compensation data.

Results

During 2017–2023, cow-related injuries represented 13.1% (n = 2659) of agricultural injuries and were the second most predominant cause of work-related agricultural injuries. These injury figures were stable, compared to a downward trend of non-cow-related injuries (p = 0.01). Young workers (12−34 years) and Hispanic workers had the highest burden for cow-related injuries. The top five body parts affected by cow injuries were the upper (24%) and lower (23%) extremities, other head, face, and neck (22.1%), chest (15.2%), and traumatic brain injury (5.1%). Workers' compensation was used in 28.5% of cases identified in the hospital discharge data. Animal handling, lack of farm worker safety measures, and equipment safety were identified as factors associated with cow-related injuries.

Conclusion

This analysis identified a surprising number of cow-related injuries, including some life-threatening injuries. It is important to continue to promote safety measures and injury prevention best-practices to ensure worker well-being and farm productivity.

导读：乳制品行业是经济的关键行业，但在全国范围内仍然是一个潜在的危险行业。关于农业中动物相关伤害的文献很少。本分析旨在描述与奶牛有关的伤害，工人赔偿的利用，以及伤害的情况。方法：采用混合方法对2017-2023年农业伤害进行分析，重点分析奶牛相关的出院伤害和工伤赔偿数据。使用ICD10-CM代码在医院出院数据中识别年龄在12岁或以上的病例。从工人赔偿数据中提取与奶牛相关的索赔伤害叙述和行业和职业数据。结果：2017-2023年期间，奶牛相关伤害占农业伤害的13.1% (n = 2659)，是农业工伤的第二大主要原因。这些伤害数字是稳定的，而与奶牛无关的伤害呈下降趋势（p = 0.01）。年轻工人（12-34岁）和西班牙裔工人对奶牛相关伤害的负担最高。奶牛受伤最多的5个身体部位分别是上肢（24%）和下肢（23%）、其他头部、面部和颈部（22.1%）、胸部（15.2%）和外伤性脑损伤（5.1%）。出院数据中确定的28.5%的病例使用了工人赔偿。动物处理、农场工人缺乏安全措施以及设备安全被确定为与奶牛相关伤害相关的因素。结论：该分析确定了数量惊人的奶牛相关伤害，包括一些危及生命的伤害。重要的是继续促进安全措施和预防伤害的最佳做法，以确保工人的福祉和农场生产力。

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引用次数: 0

Ethylene Oxide Measurements From OSHA Workplace Investigations: Patterns in Exposure by Industry, Occupation, and Over Time 来自OSHA工作场所调查的环氧乙烷测量：工业、职业和随时间的暴露模式。

IF 3.1 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

American journal of industrial medicine

Pub Date : 2025-07-21 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.70008

Brian Christensen, Matthew M. Dahm, I-Chen Chen, Kaitlin Kelly-Reif

Background

Ethylene oxide (EtO) is an occupational carcinogen; however, contemporary exposure scenarios in US workplaces are not well characterized within the literature. We aim to describe EtO exposure trends in the US workplace using historical data from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Chemical Exposure Health Database and the OSHA Information System.

Method

We collated and analyzed air sampling data collected between 1979 and 2020 to characterize exposures across key industries and occupations. We evaluated exposure by industry and occupational category, examined changes in exposures over time, and quantified the proportion of samples that exceeded existing occupational exposure limits.

Results

Exposures generally decreased over time. However, the magnitude and pattern of reductions were not consistent across industries. Within the aggregated dataset, approximately 46% of samples exceeded the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health recommended exposure limit (NIOSH REL) of 0.1 parts per million (ppm), and approximately 18% of samples exceeded the OSHA permissible exposure limit (PEL) of 1 ppm. 70% of samples collected from industrial sterilization workplaces exceeded the NIOSH REL. Exposure data was limited between 2000 and 2020, most notably for the health services and chemical manufacturing industries.

Conclusions

Contemporary EtO exposures for key industries and occupational categories are poorly characterized. Still, exposures in the industrial sterilization industry appear higher than in other industries and have proportionally declined the least over time. Additional exposure assessment research and further efforts in occupational risk assessment are important to better understand the health burdens of workers exposed to EtO.

背景：环氧乙烷（EtO）是一种职业致癌物；然而，在文献中并没有很好地描述当代美国工作场所的暴露情况。我们的目标是利用职业安全与健康管理局（OSHA）化学暴露健康数据库和OSHA信息系统的历史数据来描述美国工作场所的EtO暴露趋势。方法：我们整理和分析了1979年至2020年间收集的空气采样数据，以表征关键行业和职业的暴露特征。我们按行业和职业类别评估了暴露情况，检查了暴露随时间的变化，并量化了超过现有职业暴露限值的样本比例。结果：随着时间的推移，暴露量普遍减少。然而，减少的幅度和模式在各个行业并不一致。在汇总数据集中，约46%的样本超过了国家职业安全与健康研究所建议的0.1 ppm的暴露限值（NIOSH REL），约18%的样本超过了OSHA允许的1ppm的暴露限值（PEL）。从工业消毒工作场所收集的样本中有70%超过了NIOSH REL。2000年至2020年期间的暴露数据有限，特别是卫生服务和化学制造业。结论：当代关键行业和职业类别的EtO暴露特征不佳。尽管如此，工业灭菌行业的暴露率似乎高于其他行业，并且随着时间的推移比例下降最少。进一步的接触评估研究和进一步的职业风险评估工作对于更好地了解接触外源性毒物的工人的健康负担非常重要。

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引用次数: 0

Associations Between US High School Student and Parental Job Loss During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Adverse Mental Health Outcomes, Short Sleep, and Abuse by a Household Adult 在COVID-19大流行期间，美国高中生和父母失业与不良心理健康结果、睡眠不足和家庭成年人虐待之间的关系。

IF 3.1 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

American journal of industrial medicine

Pub Date : 2025-07-19 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.70005

Taylor M. Shockey, Sharon R. Silver, Jonetta J. Mpofu

Background

Parental job loss has been associated with adverse mental health outcomes and child abuse. This study examines associations between student and parental/household adult (referred to as “parent” for brevity) job loss and these outcomes among US high school students during a period of high job loss—early in the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

Adolescent Behaviors and Experiences Survey (ABES) data from January to June 2021 were analyzed to obtain prevalence and adjusted prevalence ratios for select adverse mental health outcomes, short sleep, and emotional and physical abuse by a parent associated with student and parental employment status before and during the pandemic. The sample was composed of 7705 US high school students.

Results

Over half of students (55.1%, 95% CI: 52.4%−57.8%) reported emotional abuse by a parent. Parental and student job loss were associated with adverse mental health outcomes and emotional abuse by a parent. However, only parental job loss was associated with physical abuse by a parent, which was reported by 15.3% of students (95% CI: 13.3−17.3). Students who lost a job during the pandemic reported a high prevalence of persistent feelings of sadness and hopelessness (54.9%; 95% CI: 48.5–61.3) and poor mental health during the past 30 days (43.7%; 95% CI: 37.6–49.8).

Discussion

The high levels of adverse mental health outcomes and child abuse associated with parental and student job loss highlight the need for better supports in this area. Identification of the causes and potential interventions related to child maltreatment in the context of household economic stress could help reduce the burden of negative outcomes.

背景：父母失业与不良心理健康结果和儿童虐待有关。本研究调查了在COVID-19大流行早期的高失业率时期，美国高中生与父母/家庭成年人（简称“父母”）失业之间的关系以及这些结果。方法：分析2021年1月至6月的青少年行为和经历调查（ABES）数据，以获得在大流行之前和期间，与学生和父母就业状况相关的父母的某些不良心理健康结果、睡眠不足以及情绪和身体虐待的患病率和调整患病率。样本由7705名美国高中生组成。结果：超过一半的学生（55.1%,95% CI: 52.4%-57.8%）报告受到父母的情感虐待。父母和学生的失业与不良的心理健康结果和父母的情感虐待有关。然而，只有父母失业与父母的身体虐待有关，15.3%的学生报告了这一点（95% CI: 13.3-17.3）。在大流行期间失业的学生报告说，持续感到悲伤和绝望的比例很高(54.9%；95% CI: 48.5-61.3)和过去30天内精神健康状况不佳(43.7%；95% ci: 37.6-49.8)。讨论：与父母和学生失业相关的高水平的不良心理健康结果和虐待儿童突出表明需要在这方面提供更好的支持。在家庭经济压力的背景下，查明与虐待儿童有关的原因和可能的干预措施有助于减轻负面后果的负担。

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引用次数: 0

Platform-Mediated Gig Work and Health: A Scoping Review 平台中介的零工工作与健康：范围审查。

IF 3.1 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

American journal of industrial medicine

Pub Date : 2025-07-15 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.70007

Claire E. Margerison, Grace E. Joachim, Tim R. Michling, Candice Y. Johnson

Background

We sought to assess the size, depth, and rigor of empirical literature on platform-mediated gig work and health.

Methods

We conducted a scoping review of peer-reviewed studies from January 1, 2000, through May 29, 2024, that examined platform-mediated gig work and any measure of physical or mental health. We abstracted country, study design, population, sample size, exposure measure, and health outcome. We assessed whether the study addressed any of three potential mechanisms connecting gig work and health: occupational hazards, social determinants, or the specific nature of digital platforms.

Results

We identified 45 total studies examining transportation safety (n = 12), work-related injuries (n = 4), other physical health outcomes (n = 5), COVID-19 vulnerabilities (n = 10), mental health (n = 10), mental well-being (n = 18), and safety (n = 12). These categories were not mutually exclusive. Cross-sectional and qualitative studies identified physical and mental health problems among gig workers, but the literature lacks study population-representative designs, prospective data, comparisons of gig workers to other similar non-gig workers (i.e., external comparison groups), and validated measures of physical health.

Conclusions

Platform-mediated gig work may have unique impacts on health, but causal evidence is lacking. Future research should examine how the nature of digital platforms—specifically, algorithmic control, ratings, and surveillance—impacts health of workers.

背景：我们试图评估关于平台中介的零工工作和健康的实证文献的规模、深度和严谨性。方法：我们对2000年1月1日至2024年5月29日期间的同行评议研究进行了范围审查，这些研究检查了平台中介的零工工作和任何身体或心理健康指标。我们对国家、研究设计、人口、样本量、暴露测量和健康结果进行了抽象。我们评估了该研究是否解决了将零工工作与健康联系起来的三种潜在机制中的任何一种：职业危害、社会决定因素或数字平台的特定性质。结果：我们共确定了45项研究，涉及交通安全（n = 12）、工伤（n = 4）、其他身体健康结果（n = 5）、COVID-19脆弱性（n = 10）、心理健康（n = 10）、心理健康（n = 18）和安全（n = 12）。这些类别并非相互排斥。横断面和定性研究确定了零工工人的身心健康问题，但文献缺乏研究人口代表性设计、前瞻性数据、零工工人与其他类似的非零工工人（即外部对照组）的比较，以及有效的身体健康措施。结论：以平台为媒介的零工工作可能对健康有独特的影响，但缺乏因果证据。未来的研究应该考察数字平台的本质——特别是算法控制、评级和监控——如何影响员工的健康。

{"title":"Platform-Mediated Gig Work and Health: A Scoping Review","authors":"Claire E. Margerison, Grace E. Joachim, Tim R. Michling, Candice Y. Johnson","doi":"10.1002/ajim.70007","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajim.70007","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We sought to assess the size, depth, and rigor of empirical literature on platform-mediated gig work and health.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted a scoping review of peer-reviewed studies from January 1, 2000, through May 29, 2024, that examined platform-mediated gig work and any measure of physical or mental health. We abstracted country, study design, population, sample size, exposure measure, and health outcome. We assessed whether the study addressed any of three potential mechanisms connecting gig work and health: occupational hazards, social determinants, or the specific nature of digital platforms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We identified 45 total studies examining transportation safety (<i>n</i> = 12), work-related injuries (<i>n</i> = 4), other physical health outcomes (<i>n</i> = 5), COVID-19 vulnerabilities (<i>n</i> = 10), mental health (<i>n</i> = 10), mental well-being (<i>n</i> = 18), and safety (<i>n</i> = 12). These categories were not mutually exclusive. Cross-sectional and qualitative studies identified physical and mental health problems among gig workers, but the literature lacks study population-representative designs, prospective data, comparisons of gig workers to other similar non-gig workers (i.e., external comparison groups), and validated measures of physical health.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Platform-mediated gig work may have unique impacts on health, but causal evidence is lacking. Future research should examine how the nature of digital platforms—specifically, algorithmic control, ratings, and surveillance—impacts health of workers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7873,"journal":{"name":"American journal of industrial medicine","volume":"68 9","pages":"729-739"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajim.70007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144635938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impact of Extreme Bushfires on Occupational Injury and Disease Claims in the Nonemergency Response Labor Force 极端森林大火对非紧急响应劳动力职业伤害和疾病索赔的影响

IF 3.1 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

American journal of industrial medicine

Pub Date : 2025-07-09 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.70004

Win Wah, Janneke Berecki-Gisolf, Alex Collie, Karen Walker-Bone

Background

Extreme bushfires pose significant occupational health risks; however, research has primarily focused on emergency responders without investigating the effects on the broader labor force. This study examined the association between extreme bushfire periods and workers' compensation claims in the nonemergency response workforce.

Methods

Workers' compensation claims from the labor force (excluding first responders) were obtained from WorkSafe Victoria for the period January 2005 through April 2023. Claims for injury or disease with recorded onset dates that occurred during extreme bushfires in Victoria, Australia (Black Saturday 2009; Black Summer 2019–2020) were compared with claims in other periods using logistic regression, adjusting for sociodemographic, injury/disease, occupational, and seasonality variables.

Results

Of 78,057 claims, 1646 (2.1%) had injury/disease onset dates within extreme bushfire periods. Extreme bushfire period claims were associated with workers aged 25–34 years (odds ratio [OR] = 1.21, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.04–1.42) and ≥ 55 years (OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.12–1.51) compared to those aged 35–44 years. Claims for respiratory conditions (OR = 3.81, 95% CI = 2.58–5.62) and fractures (OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.09–1.56) were associated with extreme bushfire periods. Claims from workers in construction (OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.03–1.51), accommodation and food services (OR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.18–1.99), education and training (OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.07–1.67), and financial services (OR = 2.01, 95% CI = 1.35–3.00) industries, relative to manufacturing industry claims, were associated with extreme bushfire periods.

Conclusion

During extreme bushfire events, patterns of workers' compensation claims changed somewhat among the nonemergency response labor force. Although these were relatively small numbers of events, this study provided some evidence to suggest that events like bushfires, predicted to become more common, could have wider occupational consequences, highlighting the need for prevention and mitigation strategies.

背景：极端森林火灾造成重大职业健康风险；然而，研究主要集中在紧急救援人员身上，而没有调查对更广泛的劳动力的影响。本研究考察了极端森林大火时期与非应急响应劳动力中工人赔偿索赔之间的关系。方法：从2005年1月至2023年4月，从维多利亚工作安全中心获得劳动力（不包括第一响应者）的工人赔偿要求。澳大利亚维多利亚州极端森林火灾期间发生的有发病日期记录的伤害或疾病索赔(2009年黑色星期六；黑色夏季（2019-2020）与其他时期的索赔进行了比较，使用逻辑回归，调整了社会人口统计学、伤害/疾病、职业和季节性变量。结果：在78057例索赔中，1646例（2.1%）的伤害/疾病发病日期在极端森林火灾期间。与35-44岁的工人相比，极端森林火灾期间索赔与25-34岁（比值比[OR] = 1.21, 95%可信区间[CI] = 1.04-1.42）和≥55岁（OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.12-1.51）的工人相关。呼吸系统疾病（OR = 3.81, 95% CI = 2.58-5.62）和骨折（OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.09-1.56）的索赔与极端森林大火时期相关。与制造业索赔相比，建筑行业（OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.03-1.51）、住宿和食品服务行业（OR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.18-1.99）、教育和培训行业（OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.07-1.67）和金融服务行业（OR = 2.01, 95% CI = 1.35-3.00）工人的索赔与极端森林大火时期有关。结论：在极端山火事件中，非应急劳动力的工伤索赔模式发生了一定的变化。虽然这些事件的数量相对较少，但本研究提供的一些证据表明，预计将变得更加常见的森林火灾等事件可能产生更广泛的职业后果，突出表明需要制定预防和缓解战略。

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引用次数: 0

Incidence of Cancer Due to Exposure to Ionizing Radiation: A Cohort of Nuclear Sector Workers in the City of São Paulo 暴露于电离辐射的癌症发病率：<s:1>圣保罗市核部门工作人员队列。

IF 3.1 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

American journal of industrial medicine

Pub Date : 2025-07-08 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.70003

Glacy Sabra Vieira, Maria Carmen Martinez

Objective

To compare cancer incidence between workers exposed to ionizing radiation in an organization based in São Paulo and the general population of the city, as well as between monitored and unmonitored subgroups for gamma- and X-irradiation within this worker population.

Methods

A retrospective open cohort study based on data from workers employed from 08/31/1956 to 12/31/2016, collected from the organization and official institutions. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated, stratified by sex, age, and calendar period, for cancer groupings by type, risk factor, organ system, and morphological aspect. Two analyses were performed: the external analysis, which compared the cancer incidence of the study population with that of the general population of São Paulo, and the internal analysis, which compared the cancer incidence of the monitored subgroup with the unmonitored subgroup for gamma and X-irradiation.

Results

The external incidence analysis showed an SIR = 0.590 (95% CI 0.537; 0.647, p < 0.001), and the internal incidence analysis showed an SIR = 1.066 (95% CI 0.950; 1.192, p = 0.277).

Conclusion

This study showed that cancer incidence was lower among all workers compared to the general population, and there was no increase in cancer incidence among those monitored for gamma and X-irradiation compared to the unmonitored subgroup. An increased incidence of thyroid cancer was observed among monitored workers and among male monitored workers.

目的：比较圣保罗某组织中暴露于电离辐射的工人与该市一般人群之间的癌症发病率，以及该工人群体中伽马和x射线辐照监测组与未监测组之间的癌症发病率。方法：采用回顾性开放队列研究，收集1956年8月31日至2016年12月31日在组织和官方机构工作的工人数据。计算标准化发病率（SIRs），按性别、年龄和日历期间分层，并按类型、危险因素、器官系统和形态方面进行癌症分组。进行了两项分析：外部分析，将研究人群的癌症发病率与圣保罗市一般人群的癌症发病率进行比较；内部分析，将监测亚组的癌症发病率与未监测亚组的癌症发病率进行比较。结果：外部发生率分析显示SIR = 0.590 (95% CI 0.537；结论：该研究表明，与一般人群相比，所有工人的癌症发病率较低，并且与未受监测的亚组相比，受伽马和x射线照射监测的工人的癌症发病率没有增加。在受监测工人和男性受监测工人中观察到甲状腺癌发病率增加。

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引用次数: 0