American journal of industrial medicine最新文献

{"title":"Employment Status, Work Limitations, Cognitive Dysfunction, and Sickness Absenteeism Among US Adults With and Without Long COVID","authors":"Nicole D. Ford,&nbsp;Alexandra F. Dalton,&nbsp;Deja Edwards,&nbsp;Hope King,&nbsp;Sara E. Luckhaupt,&nbsp;Kevin C. Ma,&nbsp;Douglas Slaughter,&nbsp;Sharon R. Silver,&nbsp;Sharon Saydah","doi":"10.1002/ajim.70014","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajim.70014","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Long COVID may limit people's ability to carry out daily activities, including work. Little is known about the potential effect of long COVID on work limitations and absenteeism. We describe employment status and characteristics, work limitations, cognitive dysfunction, and sickness absenteeism among adults with and without long COVID.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using data from the cross-sectional 2022 National Health Interview Survey, we estimated the prevalence (95% confidence intervals [CI]) of work-related outcomes by long COVID status among US adults ≥ 18 years (<i>n</i> = 26,270). Among employed adults with prior COVID-19 illness, we estimated crude and adjusted odds ratios for work limitations (compared to no limitations), cognitive dysfunction (some or a lot of difficulty with memory or concentration compared to no difficulty), and sickness absenteeism ( ≥ 11 sick days compared to 0–10 days) in the prior year. All estimates account for survey design and are weighted to the US noninstitutionalized population. Analyses were conducted in 2024.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>3.4% of adults reported long COVID. Adults with long COVID more often reported being unable to work due to health or disability compared to adults without long COVID (<i>p</i> = 0.0006). Among employed adults with prior COVID-19 illness, long COVID was associated with higher odds of work limitations (aOR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1–1.5), cognitive dysfunction (aOR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1–1.5), and sickness absenteeism (aOR 1.4, 95% CI 1.2–1.5) compared to those who did not develop long COVID.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Long COVID was associated with work limitations, cognitive dysfunction, and sickness absenteeism among employed US adults. Workplace accommodations may be important considerations for people with long COVID.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7873,"journal":{"name":"American journal of industrial medicine","volume":"68 10","pages":"909-919"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144870984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Citizenship Status and the Family and Medical Leave Act: Examining Inequities in Eligibility Among Hispanic Workers","authors":"Susana Quirós,&nbsp;Mansoo Yu","doi":"10.1002/ajim.70011","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajim.70011","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) is the sole U.S. policy protecting job security during medical or parental leave. We extend prior work by analyzing overall FMLA eligibility by citizenship and gender among Hispanic workers. We examine which criteria—employer size, job tenure, and minimum work hours—drive citizenship disparities. We also investigate the factors predicting FMLA eligibility and examine the population-level characteristics contributing to FMLA citizenship disparities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We used the 2018 Current Population Survey (<i>n</i> = 5632) to compare FMLA eligibility by citizenship status among Hispanic foreign-born workers by sex. We used multivariate linear regressions and Blinder-Oaxaca decompositions to investigate citizenship inequities in FMLA eligibility.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Findings showed eligibility disparities: 38.9% of noncitizen men and 42.2% of noncitizen women met FMLA criteria compared to over half of their citizen counterparts. For men, this disparity stemmed primarily from differences in employer size, with less than half of non-citizens working for eligible employers. For women, both employer size and job tenure contributed to the ineligibility. Decomposition analyses showed that educational and occupational differences explained roughly half the employer-size citizenship disparity among men. Among women, occupation, full-time status, and education accounted for 85% of the employer size disparity. Age, residency duration, and full-time status explained nearly 75% of the job tenure citizen gap.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The FMLA's design excludes Hispanic non-citizens during critical life events. Addressing occupational segregation and educational barriers and modifying eligibility criteria are crucial to mitigating these disparities. A national paid family and medical leave policy is urgently needed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7873,"journal":{"name":"American journal of industrial medicine","volume":"68 10","pages":"881-895"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144811524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clearing the Air: A Pilot Study of Ventilation Interventions in New York City Nail Salons","authors":"Rachel L. Thompson,&nbsp;A. Michael Ierardi,&nbsp;Samantha Fisher,&nbsp;Brian Pavilonis","doi":"10.1002/ajim.70012","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajim.70012","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Exposure to airborne chemicals in nail salons poses occupational and public health risks. Despite a 2015 New York State mandate requiring local and general exhaust ventilation (LEV and GEV) in nail salons, many continue to struggle with compliance. This study evaluates a tailored ventilation intervention to mitigate exposures in New York City salons through more effective use of existing ventilation infrastructure.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Six nail salons participated. At each salon, we used direct reading instruments to measure baseline total volatile organic compound (TVOC) concentrations in air over 1-min intervals for seven consecutive days. Using baseline data, we created an exposure report for each salon and developed an individualized plan to use the salon's existing ventilation systems or other controls (such as opening windows/doors) more effectively to proactively respond to worsening air quality. We then collected an additional seven days of TVOC measurements and compared air quality in salons during operating hours before versus after the intervention.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Intervention effects varied. Salons effectively using LEV and GEV saw TVOC reductions of 16.3%–73.8%, while those relying solely on LEV saw no significant changes in TVOC concentrations. One salon without mechanical ventilation achieved an 82.2% reduction by opening windows/doors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Optimizing existing ventilation systems can significantly reduce airborne chemical exposures in nail salons, though effectiveness depends on the availability and proper use of ventilation infrastructure. GEV and natural ventilation may be particularly effective and low-cost solutions to improve nail salon air quality, though ambient conditions must be considered when recommending natural ventilation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7873,"journal":{"name":"American journal of industrial medicine","volume":"68 10","pages":"896-908"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144793277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomarkers of Kidney Function and Injury Across Fire Seasons and During a Mid-Season Fire Incident in the Wildland Firefighter Exposure and Health Effect (WFFEHE) Study","authors":"Lynne E. Pinkerton,&nbsp;Sara E. Luckhaupt,&nbsp;Stephen Bertke,&nbsp;Corey R. Butler,&nbsp;Thomas R. Hales,&nbsp;Kathleen M. DuBose,&nbsp;Alejandra Ramirez-Cardenas,&nbsp;Deborah Sammons,&nbsp;Christine Toennis,&nbsp;Molly R. West,&nbsp;Christa R. Hale","doi":"10.1002/ajim.70006","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajim.70006","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Occupational heat stress among wildland firefighters (WFFs) performing arduous work or working in hot work environments may cause kidney dysfunction and injury.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Kidney function and injury biomarkers (serum and urine) were measured among 39 WFFs pre- and post-fire season in 2018–2019. The same biomarkers were measured in 19 of these 39 WFFs over 3 days during a 2019 mid-season fire incident. Median differences in biomarker concentrations across the fire season and across the mid-season incident were evaluated using the Sign test. The primary outcome of interest was the cystatin C-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR_cys).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The eGFR_cys decreased (median difference = −5 mL/min/1.73 m²; interquartile range [IQR] = −8, −2 mL/min/1.73 m²; <i>p</i> = 0.008), and 53% of participants lost ≥ 2% of their body weight across the first day of the mid-season fire incident. Median eGFR_cys did not decrease across the fire season (median difference = 0 mL/min/1.73 m²; IQR = −5, 5 mL/min/1.73 m²; <i>p</i> = 0.52). The albumin-creatinine ratio and the ratios of urine kidney injury molecule-1 and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin concentrations to urine osmolality increased across ≥ 1 day during the mid-season incident.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A temporary decrease in kidney function and changes in biomarkers of kidney injury were observed during a wildland fire incident. Additional research is warranted to confirm these findings, assess associations with occupational heat stress, and determine whether persistent, clinically relevant kidney injury and dysfunction occur among WFFs over time. The findings also support the need for continued efforts to promote optimal hydration of WFFs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7873,"journal":{"name":"American journal of industrial medicine","volume":"68 10","pages":"829-844"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144774532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silica Hazards in Engineered Stone Countertop Production: Worker Experiences and Challenges in Los Angeles","authors":"Jane C. Fazio,&nbsp;Sandra R. Garcia,&nbsp;Ivy R. Torres,&nbsp;Sheiphali A. Gandhi,&nbsp;Kristin J. Cummings,&nbsp;Russell G. Buhr,&nbsp;Kevin Riley,&nbsp;Ninez Ponce,&nbsp;Arturo Vargas Bustamante,&nbsp;Beth Glenn","doi":"10.1002/ajim.70010","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajim.70010","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Silicosis is a progressive occupational lung disease caused by inhalation of respirable crystalline silica. Stone countertop workers are at risk of developing silicosis associated with engineered stone (ES) due to its high silica content and widespread use. This qualitative study assessed countertop workers' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding silica hazards.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We recruited 20 participants for semi-structured interviews through purposive sampling of workplaces in Los Angeles, California. Eligibility requirements: employment in countertop fabrication, exposure to engineered stone, ≥ 18 years old, and English or Spanish proficiency. Interviews were recorded, translated, and transcribed. Two researchers employed thematic and content analysis to code transcripts using both inductive and deductive methods.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>All respondents were Latino men, 90% of whom were foreign-born, with a median age of 44 years and a median work tenure of 20 years. We identified five themes: (1) <i>Hazardous work environments</i>: Respondents regularly engaged in dry-cutting practices (68%), and half reported that their employers did not reliably provide respirators. (2) <i>Insufficient training and educational resources</i>: Respondents possessed basic knowledge that dust caused lung disease (90%); however, most acquired knowledge through word-of-mouth or media. (3) <i>Employment vulnerability</i>: Workers feared being fired for raising safety concerns. (4) <i>Workforce entrapment:</i> Although many workers considered leaving the industry, they were hindered by a lack of legal immigration status or alternative skills, as well as the presumed lower pay in a new industry. (5) <i>Worker-identified solutions</i>: Workers suggested wet cutting, workplace training, and regulation of ES, including its elimination.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results support continued policy, regulatory, and enforcement efforts aimed at minimizing silica exposure. Workers recommended workplace and upstream solutions, such as eliminating ES.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7873,"journal":{"name":"American journal of industrial medicine","volume":"68 10","pages":"867-880"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144726583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cow-Related Injuries in Wisconsin During 2017−2023","authors":"Komi K. S. Modji,&nbsp;Katherine McCoy,&nbsp;Paul D. Creswell,&nbsp;Morris R. Collin,&nbsp;Carrie Tomasallo,&nbsp;Sheryl Bedno","doi":"10.1002/ajim.70009","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajim.70009","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The dairy industry–a key industry for the economy–remains a potentially hazardous industry across the nation. The literature on animal-related injuries in the agriculture industry is sparse. This analysis aimed to describe cow-related injuries, the utilization of workers' compensation, and the circumstances of the injuries.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This mixed methods analysis of agricultural injuries focused on cow-related injuries in hospital discharge and workers' compensation data during 2017–2023. Cases, aged 12 or older, were identified in the hospital discharge data using ICD10-CM codes. Cow-related claim injury narratives and industry and occupation data were extracted from workers' compensation data.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>During 2017–2023, cow-related injuries represented 13.1% (<i>n</i> = 2659) of agricultural injuries and were the second most predominant cause of work-related agricultural injuries. These injury figures were stable, compared to a downward trend of non-cow-related injuries (<i>p</i> = 0.01). Young workers (12−34 years) and Hispanic workers had the highest burden for cow-related injuries. The top five body parts affected by cow injuries were the upper (24%) and lower (23%) extremities, other head, face, and neck (22.1%), chest (15.2%), and traumatic brain injury (5.1%). Workers' compensation was used in 28.5% of cases identified in the hospital discharge data. Animal handling, lack of farm worker safety measures, and equipment safety were identified as factors associated with cow-related injuries.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This analysis identified a surprising number of cow-related injuries, including some life-threatening injuries. It is important to continue to promote safety measures and injury prevention best-practices to ensure worker well-being and farm productivity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7873,"journal":{"name":"American journal of industrial medicine","volume":"68 10","pages":"856-866"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajim.70009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144688611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethylene Oxide Measurements From OSHA Workplace Investigations: Patterns in Exposure by Industry, Occupation, and Over Time","authors":"Brian Christensen,&nbsp;Matthew M. Dahm,&nbsp;I-Chen Chen,&nbsp;Kaitlin Kelly-Reif","doi":"10.1002/ajim.70008","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajim.70008","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ethylene oxide (EtO) is an occupational carcinogen; however, contemporary exposure scenarios in US workplaces are not well characterized within the literature. We aim to describe EtO exposure trends in the US workplace using historical data from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Chemical Exposure Health Database and the OSHA Information System.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We collated and analyzed air sampling data collected between 1979 and 2020 to characterize exposures across key industries and occupations. We evaluated exposure by industry and occupational category, examined changes in exposures over time, and quantified the proportion of samples that exceeded existing occupational exposure limits.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Exposures generally decreased over time. However, the magnitude and pattern of reductions were not consistent across industries. Within the aggregated dataset, approximately 46% of samples exceeded the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health recommended exposure limit (NIOSH REL) of 0.1 parts per million (ppm), and approximately 18% of samples exceeded the OSHA permissible exposure limit (PEL) of 1 ppm. 70% of samples collected from industrial sterilization workplaces exceeded the NIOSH REL. Exposure data was limited between 2000 and 2020, most notably for the health services and chemical manufacturing industries.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Contemporary EtO exposures for key industries and occupational categories are poorly characterized. Still, exposures in the industrial sterilization industry appear higher than in other industries and have proportionally declined the least over time. Additional exposure assessment research and further efforts in occupational risk assessment are important to better understand the health burdens of workers exposed to EtO.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7873,"journal":{"name":"American journal of industrial medicine","volume":"68 10","pages":"845-855"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajim.70008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144673763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations Between US High School Student and Parental Job Loss During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Adverse Mental Health Outcomes, Short Sleep, and Abuse by a Household Adult","authors":"Taylor M. Shockey,&nbsp;Sharon R. Silver,&nbsp;Jonetta J. Mpofu","doi":"10.1002/ajim.70005","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajim.70005","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Parental job loss has been associated with adverse mental health outcomes and child abuse. This study examines associations between student and parental/household adult (referred to as “parent” for brevity) job loss and these outcomes among US high school students during a period of high job loss—early in the COVID-19 pandemic.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Adolescent Behaviors and Experiences Survey (ABES) data from January to June 2021 were analyzed to obtain prevalence and adjusted prevalence ratios for select adverse mental health outcomes, short sleep, and emotional and physical abuse by a parent associated with student and parental employment status before and during the pandemic. The sample was composed of 7705 US high school students.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Over half of students (55.1%, 95% CI: 52.4%−57.8%) reported emotional abuse by a parent. Parental and student job loss were associated with adverse mental health outcomes and emotional abuse by a parent. However, only parental job loss was associated with physical abuse by a parent, which was reported by 15.3% of students (95% CI: 13.3−17.3). Students who lost a job during the pandemic reported a high prevalence of persistent feelings of sadness and hopelessness (54.9%; 95% CI: 48.5–61.3) and poor mental health during the past 30 days (43.7%; 95% CI: 37.6–49.8).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The high levels of adverse mental health outcomes and child abuse associated with parental and student job loss highlight the need for better supports in this area. Identification of the causes and potential interventions related to child maltreatment in the context of household economic stress could help reduce the burden of negative outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7873,"journal":{"name":"American journal of industrial medicine","volume":"68 9","pages":"806-816"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144666900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Platform-Mediated Gig Work and Health: A Scoping Review","authors":"Claire E. Margerison,&nbsp;Grace E. Joachim,&nbsp;Tim R. Michling,&nbsp;Candice Y. Johnson","doi":"10.1002/ajim.70007","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajim.70007","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We sought to assess the size, depth, and rigor of empirical literature on platform-mediated gig work and health.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted a scoping review of peer-reviewed studies from January 1, 2000, through May 29, 2024, that examined platform-mediated gig work and any measure of physical or mental health. We abstracted country, study design, population, sample size, exposure measure, and health outcome. We assessed whether the study addressed any of three potential mechanisms connecting gig work and health: occupational hazards, social determinants, or the specific nature of digital platforms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We identified 45 total studies examining transportation safety (<i>n</i> = 12), work-related injuries (<i>n</i> = 4), other physical health outcomes (<i>n</i> = 5), COVID-19 vulnerabilities (<i>n</i> = 10), mental health (<i>n</i> = 10), mental well-being (<i>n</i> = 18), and safety (<i>n</i> = 12). These categories were not mutually exclusive. Cross-sectional and qualitative studies identified physical and mental health problems among gig workers, but the literature lacks study population-representative designs, prospective data, comparisons of gig workers to other similar non-gig workers (i.e., external comparison groups), and validated measures of physical health.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Platform-mediated gig work may have unique impacts on health, but causal evidence is lacking. Future research should examine how the nature of digital platforms—specifically, algorithmic control, ratings, and surveillance—impacts health of workers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7873,"journal":{"name":"American journal of industrial medicine","volume":"68 9","pages":"729-739"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajim.70007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144635938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Extreme Bushfires on Occupational Injury and Disease Claims in the Nonemergency Response Labor Force","authors":"Win Wah,&nbsp;Janneke Berecki-Gisolf,&nbsp;Alex Collie,&nbsp;Karen Walker-Bone","doi":"10.1002/ajim.70004","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajim.70004","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Extreme bushfires pose significant occupational health risks; however, research has primarily focused on emergency responders without investigating the effects on the broader labor force. This study examined the association between extreme bushfire periods and workers' compensation claims in the nonemergency response workforce.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Workers' compensation claims from the labor force (excluding first responders) were obtained from WorkSafe Victoria for the period January 2005 through April 2023. Claims for injury or disease with recorded onset dates that occurred during extreme bushfires in Victoria, Australia (Black Saturday 2009; Black Summer 2019–2020) were compared with claims in other periods using logistic regression, adjusting for sociodemographic, injury/disease, occupational, and seasonality variables.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of 78,057 claims, 1646 (2.1%) had injury/disease onset dates within extreme bushfire periods. Extreme bushfire period claims were associated with workers aged 25–34 years (odds ratio [OR] = 1.21, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.04–1.42) and ≥ 55 years (OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.12–1.51) compared to those aged 35–44 years. Claims for respiratory conditions (OR = 3.81, 95% CI = 2.58–5.62) and fractures (OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.09–1.56) were associated with extreme bushfire periods. Claims from workers in construction (OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.03–1.51), accommodation and food services (OR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.18–1.99), education and training (OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.07–1.67), and financial services (OR = 2.01, 95% CI = 1.35–3.00) industries, relative to manufacturing industry claims, were associated with extreme bushfire periods.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>During extreme bushfire events, patterns of workers' compensation claims changed somewhat among the nonemergency response labor force. Although these were relatively small numbers of events, this study provided some evidence to suggest that events like bushfires, predicted to become more common, could have wider occupational consequences, highlighting the need for prevention and mitigation strategies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7873,"journal":{"name":"American journal of industrial medicine","volume":"68 9","pages":"796-805"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144590292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}