Prior research has observed increased risks for numerous chronic conditions among individuals with Long COVID. Chronic conditions have been associated with employment limitations and increased economic hardships. Data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) present an opportunity to examine changes by employment status in the prevalence of a range of chronic conditions between 2019 (pre-pandemic) and, in 2022, by self-reported COVID-19 or Long COVID.
Methods
We assessed the prevalence of chronic conditions in 2022 by employment status and self-reported COVID-19 and Long COVID history using data from BRFSS for adults of prime working age (25–54 years) who were employed for wages, self-employed, unemployed less than 1 year, unemployed 1 year or more, or unable to work. For each chronic condition (coronary heart disease and myocardial infarction [combined], stroke, ever and current asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, kidney disease, diabetes, and arthritis), we generated adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) comparing 2022 prevalence by COVID-19/Long COVID category to prevalences among respondents in that employment status before the pandemic (2019).
Results
The prevalence of both asthma and diabetes increased significantly between 2019 and 2022 among respondents in all included employment categories and COVID-19/Long COVID histories combined. Among employed respondents with Long COVID in 2022, aPRs using 2019 prevalence figures for all employed respondents as a baseline for comparison had statistically significant elevations for every chronic condition assessed.
Conclusions
The increased prevalence of a range of chronic conditions between 2019 and 2022 among adults with Long COVID may present a burden for individuals, the workplace, the healthcare system, and the economy. Additional research in a longitudinal context could better quantify these associations. Efforts to prevent, identify, and treat Long COVID can reduce this burden.
{"title":"Burden of Selected Chronic Conditions Among Adults of Prime Working Age (25–54) by 2022 Self-Reported COVID-19 and Long COVID History Compared to 2019 Pre-Pandemic Baseline Prevalence: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System","authors":"Sharon R. Silver, Jia Li, Sharon H. Saydah","doi":"10.1002/ajim.23735","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajim.23735","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prior research has observed increased risks for numerous chronic conditions among individuals with Long COVID. Chronic conditions have been associated with employment limitations and increased economic hardships. Data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) present an opportunity to examine changes by employment status in the prevalence of a range of chronic conditions between 2019 (pre-pandemic) and, in 2022, by self-reported COVID-19 or Long COVID.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We assessed the prevalence of chronic conditions in 2022 by employment status and self-reported COVID-19 and Long COVID history using data from BRFSS for adults of prime working age (25–54 years) who were employed for wages, self-employed, unemployed less than 1 year, unemployed 1 year or more, or unable to work. For each chronic condition (coronary heart disease and myocardial infarction [combined], stroke, ever and current asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, kidney disease, diabetes, and arthritis), we generated adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) comparing 2022 prevalence by COVID-19/Long COVID category to prevalences among respondents in that employment status before the pandemic (2019).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The prevalence of both asthma and diabetes increased significantly between 2019 and 2022 among respondents in all included employment categories and COVID-19/Long COVID histories combined. Among employed respondents with Long COVID in 2022, aPRs using 2019 prevalence figures for all employed respondents as a baseline for comparison had statistically significant elevations for every chronic condition assessed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The increased prevalence of a range of chronic conditions between 2019 and 2022 among adults with Long COVID may present a burden for individuals, the workplace, the healthcare system, and the economy. Additional research in a longitudinal context could better quantify these associations. Efforts to prevent, identify, and treat Long COVID can reduce this burden.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7873,"journal":{"name":"American journal of industrial medicine","volume":"68 7","pages":"620-630"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144109335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Substance use right before or during work (hereinafter, “substance use in the workplace”) poses significant health risks to users, colleagues, and the public in the workplace. However, less clear are figures on recent prevalence, characteristics of those engaging in such behaviors, and variations across occupations. This study examines the prevalence of substance use in the workplace, individual and work-related characteristics, and substance use risks across different occupations among a nationally representative sample of workers in their early 30 s—a period of heightened substance use.
Methods
Data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 (NLSY97) were analyzed, focusing on 6155 respondents. Past-month prevalence of substance use in the workplace (separately for any substance, alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine/hard drugs) was assessed overall and by occupation using the Census 2002 Standard Occupational Classification. Multivariable Poisson regression models tested associations between occupation and substance use, adjusting for sociodemographic and health-related characteristics.
Results
In the past month, 8.9% of workers reported any substance use in the workplace, including 5.9% for alcohol, 3.1% for marijuana, and 0.8% for cocaine/hard drugs. Prevalence was highest in food preparation/serving occupations, followed by safety-sensitive occupations. Our models indicated higher risks for all types of substance use among food preparation/serving workers, higher alcohol use among white-collar workers, and elevated alcohol and marijuana use in safety-sensitive occupations.
Conclusions
The substantial prevalence of workforce substance use among individuals in their early 30 s raises public health concerns, underscoring the need for workplace interventions addressing occupation-specific patterns of alcohol and marijuana use.
{"title":"Substance Use Right Before or During Work Among the Young US Workers: Evidence From the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 Cohort","authors":"Sehun Oh, Daejun Park, Sarah Al-Hashemi","doi":"10.1002/ajim.23737","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajim.23737","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Substance use right before or during work (hereinafter, “substance use in the workplace”) poses significant health risks to users, colleagues, and the public in the workplace. However, less clear are figures on recent prevalence, characteristics of those engaging in such behaviors, and variations across occupations. This study examines the prevalence of substance use in the workplace, individual and work-related characteristics, and substance use risks across different occupations among a nationally representative sample of workers in their early 30 s—a period of heightened substance use.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 (NLSY97) were analyzed, focusing on 6155 respondents. Past-month prevalence of substance use in the workplace (separately for any substance, alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine/hard drugs) was assessed overall and by occupation using the Census 2002 Standard Occupational Classification. Multivariable Poisson regression models tested associations between occupation and substance use, adjusting for sociodemographic and health-related characteristics.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the past month, 8.9% of workers reported any substance use in the workplace, including 5.9% for alcohol, 3.1% for marijuana, and 0.8% for cocaine/hard drugs. Prevalence was highest in food preparation/serving occupations, followed by safety-sensitive occupations. Our models indicated higher risks for all types of substance use among food preparation/serving workers, higher alcohol use among white-collar workers, and elevated alcohol and marijuana use in safety-sensitive occupations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The substantial prevalence of workforce substance use among individuals in their early 30 s raises public health concerns, underscoring the need for workplace interventions addressing occupation-specific patterns of alcohol and marijuana use.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7873,"journal":{"name":"American journal of industrial medicine","volume":"68 8","pages":"679-687"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajim.23737","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144075396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cecilia E. Kaufman, Margaret C. Morrissey-Basler, Monique Marcelino, Douglas J. Casa
Background
Body cooling is a low-cost heat strain mitigation strategy to effectively reduce heat strain and enhance work performance. However, data on the efficacy of body cooling strategies remains limited. We aimed to examine the effects of body cooling with cooling garments on physiological, perceptual, and performance outcomes during simulated work in the heat in men and women.
Methods
Fourteen physically active participants (seven men and seven women; age: 26 ± 3 years, peak oxygen consumption [VO2peak]: 42.7 ± 7.9 mL kg−1 min−1) completed two randomized control trials in a hot, humid environment (40°C, 40% relative humidity). During the body cooling trial (COOL), participants wore cooling garments (hat, sleeves, neck gaiter), and large cooling towels during rest breaks. There was no cooling intervention in the control trial (CON). Rectal temperature (TREC), skin temperature (TSK), and heart rate (HR) were measured continuously. Performance outcomes included the number of boxes lifted during the trial (BOX) and the time to complete 25 repetitions (TT25) post-trial.
Results
There was a significant interaction between trial and activity with COOL reporting overall lower TREC (CON: 38.40 ± 0.46°C; COOL: 38.08 ± 0.31°C; p < 0.001), TSK (CON: 37.20 ± 0.72°C; COOL: 35.52 ± 1.52°C; p < 0.001), and HR (CON: 145 ± 17 bpm; COOL: 133 ± 24 bpm; p < 0.001). There was a significant interaction between the number of boxes lifted and trial during BOX 1 and 3 (BOX 1: p = 0.010; BOX 3: p = 0.001). Significant differences between mean TT25 (CON: 169 ± 34 s; COOL: 149 ± 32 s; p = 0.011) were reported between trials.
Conclusion
Body cooling garments reduced physiological responses while improving performance during simulated work in heat and should be considered an effective, low-cost strategy to protect laborers from heat strain.
背景：机体冷却是一种低成本的热应变缓解策略，可有效降低热应变，提高工作绩效。然而，关于身体冷却策略有效性的数据仍然有限。我们的目的是研究在模拟高温工作中，使用降温服对男性和女性的生理、知觉和表现结果的影响。方法：14名体育锻炼参与者(7男7女；年龄：26±3岁，峰值耗氧量[VO2peak]: 42.7±7.9 mL kg-1 min-1)在炎热潮湿的环境（40°C， 40%相对湿度）下完成两项随机对照试验。在身体冷却试验（COOL）中，参与者在休息时穿着冷却服装（帽子、袖子、绑带）和大冷却毛巾。在对照试验（CON）中没有冷却干预。连续测量直肠温度（TREC）、皮肤温度（TSK）和心率（HR）。性能指标包括试验期间举起的箱子数量（BOX）和试验后完成25次重复的时间（TT25）。结果：试验和活动之间存在显著的相互作用，COOL报告总体较低的TREC (CON: 38.40±0.46°C；冷却：38.08±0.31°c；p SK (CON: 37.20±0.72°C；冷却：35.52±1.52°c；结论：在高温模拟工作中，人体冷却衣减少了生理反应，同时提高了表现，应该被认为是一种有效的、低成本的策略，以保护劳动者免受热疲劳。
{"title":"The Effects of Body Cooling Strategies on Physiological and Performance Outcomes During Simulated Occupational Work in the Heat","authors":"Cecilia E. Kaufman, Margaret C. Morrissey-Basler, Monique Marcelino, Douglas J. Casa","doi":"10.1002/ajim.23734","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajim.23734","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Body cooling is a low-cost heat strain mitigation strategy to effectively reduce heat strain and enhance work performance. However, data on the efficacy of body cooling strategies remains limited. We aimed to examine the effects of body cooling with cooling garments on physiological, perceptual, and performance outcomes during simulated work in the heat in men and women.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fourteen physically active participants (seven men and seven women; age: 26 ± 3 years, peak oxygen consumption [VO<sub>2</sub>peak]: 42.7 ± 7.9 mL kg<sup>−1</sup> min<sup>−1</sup>) completed two randomized control trials in a hot, humid environment (40°C, 40% relative humidity). During the body cooling trial (COOL), participants wore cooling garments (hat, sleeves, neck gaiter), and large cooling towels during rest breaks. There was no cooling intervention in the control trial (CON). Rectal temperature (<i>T</i><sub>REC</sub>), skin temperature (<i>T</i><sub>SK</sub>), and heart rate (HR) were measured continuously. Performance outcomes included the number of boxes lifted during the trial (BOX) and the time to complete 25 repetitions (TT25) post-trial.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There was a significant interaction between trial and activity with COOL reporting overall lower <i>T</i><sub>REC</sub> (CON: 38.40 ± 0.46°C; COOL: 38.08 ± 0.31°C; <i>p </i>< 0.001), <i>T</i><sub>SK</sub> (CON: 37.20 ± 0.72°C; COOL: 35.52 ± 1.52°C; <i>p</i> < 0.001), and HR (CON: 145 ± 17 bpm; COOL: 133 ± 24 bpm; <i>p</i> < 0.001). There was a significant interaction between the number of boxes lifted and trial during BOX 1 and 3 (BOX 1: <i>p</i> = 0.010; BOX 3: <i>p</i> = 0.001). Significant differences between mean TT25 (CON: 169 ± 34 s; COOL: 149 ± 32 s; <i>p</i> = 0.011) were reported between trials.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Body cooling garments reduced physiological responses while improving performance during simulated work in heat and should be considered an effective, low-cost strategy to protect laborers from heat strain.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7873,"journal":{"name":"American journal of industrial medicine","volume":"68 7","pages":"607-619"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143956652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As more women enter the workforce, particularly during their childbearing years, high sick leave rates during pregnancy are observed. The current study aimed to measure the prevalence and predictors of sick leave among pregnant workers and to compare it with pre-pregnancy levels.
Methods
A self-controlled, cross-sectional survey was conducted on 384 pregnant working women using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data included sociodemographic, medical, obstetric, and occupational histories, and details of sick leave during pregnancy and the preceding 9 months. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify significant independent predictors of sick leave during pregnancy.
Results
Prevalence of sick leave was significantly higher during pregnancy compared to the prior 9 months and in the third trimester compared to the other trimesters. Significant predictors were sociodemographic factors [adverse health (adjusted odd ration (AOR) 5.5; 95% CI 2.25–13.54), obstetric history (AOR 2.9; 95% CI 1.48–5.50) and multiparity (AOR 2.2; 95% CI 1.15–4.06)], and work-related factors [strenuous (AOR 16.9; 95% CI 5.91–48.35), or medium-skill occupations (AOR 14.1; 95% CI 3.85–50.32), and low job control (AOR 21.1; 95% CI 8.79–50.32)]. Pregnancy-related significant predictors were infertility treatment (AOR 11.4; 95% CI 2.4–54.2), nausea and vomiting (AOR 6.6; 95% CI 3.1–14.4), neck/back pain (AOR 6.1; 95% CI 3.1–11.9), and respiratory infections (AOR 3.1; 95% CI 1.6–6.2).
Conclusion
In Egypt, sick leave is common during pregnancy, particularly in the third trimester, due to factors related to work, health, and pregnancy. Workplace adjustments, such as flexible schedules and reduced physical demands, could help minimize sick leave and support pregnant employees.
背景：随着越来越多的妇女进入劳动力市场，特别是在育龄期间，观察到怀孕期间的高病假率。目前的研究旨在衡量怀孕工人中病假的流行程度和预测因素，并将其与怀孕前的水平进行比较。方法：采用访谈式问卷对384名孕妇进行自我控制的横断面调查。数据包括社会人口、医疗、产科和职业史，以及怀孕期间和前9个月的病假细节。采用Logistic回归分析确定怀孕期间病假的显著独立预测因素。结果：与怀孕前9个月相比，怀孕晚期与其他三个月相比，病假的患病率明显更高。显著预测因子为社会人口因素[不良健康(调整奇数比（AOR） 5.5；95% CI 2.25-13.54)、产科史(AOR 2.9；95% CI 1.48-5.50)和多胎(AOR 2.2；95% CI 1.15-4.06)]，以及与工作相关的因素[剧烈(AOR 16.9；95% CI 5.91-48.35)，或中等技能职业(AOR 14.1；95% CI 3.85-50.32)和低工作控制(AOR 21.1；95% ci 8.79-50.32)]。与妊娠相关的显著预测因子为不孕症治疗(AOR 11.4；95% CI 2.4-54.2)，恶心和呕吐(AOR 6.6；95% CI 3.1-14.4)，颈/背部疼痛(AOR 6.1；95% CI 3.1-11.9)和呼吸道感染(AOR 3.1；95% ci 1.6-6.2)。结论：在埃及，由于与工作、健康和怀孕有关的因素，病假在怀孕期间很常见，特别是在妊娠晚期。工作场所的调整，比如灵活的工作时间和减少体力需求，可以帮助减少病假，并为怀孕的员工提供支持。
{"title":"Sick Leave and Its Associated Factors Among Pregnant Working Women in Egypt","authors":"Asmaa El-Sayed Awaad, Abdel-Hady El-Gilany, Radwa Sehsah","doi":"10.1002/ajim.23736","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajim.23736","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>As more women enter the workforce, particularly during their childbearing years, high sick leave rates during pregnancy are observed. The current study aimed to measure the prevalence and predictors of sick leave among pregnant workers and to compare it with pre-pregnancy levels.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A self-controlled, cross-sectional survey was conducted on 384 pregnant working women using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data included sociodemographic, medical, obstetric, and occupational histories, and details of sick leave during pregnancy and the preceding 9 months. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify significant independent predictors of sick leave during pregnancy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prevalence of sick leave was significantly higher during pregnancy compared to the prior 9 months and in the third trimester compared to the other trimesters. Significant predictors were sociodemographic factors [adverse health (adjusted odd ration (AOR) 5.5; 95% CI 2.25–13.54), obstetric history (AOR 2.9; 95% CI 1.48–5.50) and multiparity (AOR 2.2; 95% CI 1.15–4.06)], and work-related factors [strenuous (AOR 16.9; 95% CI 5.91–48.35), or medium-skill occupations (AOR 14.1; 95% CI 3.85–50.32), and low job control (AOR 21.1; 95% CI 8.79–50.32)]. Pregnancy-related significant predictors were infertility treatment (AOR 11.4; 95% CI 2.4–54.2), nausea and vomiting (AOR 6.6; 95% CI 3.1–14.4), neck/back pain (AOR 6.1; 95% CI 3.1–11.9), and respiratory infections (AOR 3.1; 95% CI 1.6–6.2).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In Egypt, sick leave is common during pregnancy, particularly in the third trimester, due to factors related to work, health, and pregnancy. Workplace adjustments, such as flexible schedules and reduced physical demands, could help minimize sick leave and support pregnant employees.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7873,"journal":{"name":"American journal of industrial medicine","volume":"68 7","pages":"631-641"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143962833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jim P. Stimpson, Jessica Billig, Tami Gurley, Joshua M. Liao
Background
Workplace benefits such as paid sick leave and employer-sponsored health insurance influence workers' ability to take time off when ill or injured. We examined whether and to what extent these workplace benefits complement each other in affecting health-related work absences, and whether associations varied by employment status, income, and occupation.
Methods
This cross-sectional study analyzed pooled data from the 2021 and 2023 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), a nationally representative survey of US adults. The sample included 31,280 employed adults. Workers were classified into four workplace benefits groups: paid sick leave only, employer-sponsored health insurance only, both benefits, and neither benefit. The primary outcome was health-related work absence in the past 12 months. Interaction terms assessed differences in probability of absence by employment status (full-time vs. part-time), income (< 400% vs. ≥ 400% of the federal poverty level), and occupation type (Management, Professional, Service, Sales, and Production).
Results
Compared to those with neither benefit, the probability of work absence was 7.3 points higher with employer-sponsored health insurance only (p < 0.001), 4.6 points higher with paid sick leave only (p = 0.002), and 12.0 points higher with both benefits (p < 0.001). The association between workplace benefits and health-related work absence varied by employment status, income level, and occupation type (p < 0.001 for all interactions).
Conclusions
Access to paid sick leave and health insurance increased the likelihood of taking time off due to illness or injury, with differences by employment status, income, and occupation.
{"title":"The Impact of Employment Status, Income, and Occupation on the Association Between Workplace Benefits and Health-Related Work Absences","authors":"Jim P. Stimpson, Jessica Billig, Tami Gurley, Joshua M. Liao","doi":"10.1002/ajim.23733","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajim.23733","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Workplace benefits such as paid sick leave and employer-sponsored health insurance influence workers' ability to take time off when ill or injured. We examined whether and to what extent these workplace benefits complement each other in affecting health-related work absences, and whether associations varied by employment status, income, and occupation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This cross-sectional study analyzed pooled data from the 2021 and 2023 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), a nationally representative survey of US adults. The sample included 31,280 employed adults. Workers were classified into four workplace benefits groups: paid sick leave only, employer-sponsored health insurance only, both benefits, and neither benefit. The primary outcome was health-related work absence in the past 12 months. Interaction terms assessed differences in probability of absence by employment status (full-time vs. part-time), income (< 400% vs. ≥ 400% of the federal poverty level), and occupation type (Management, Professional, Service, Sales, and Production).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Compared to those with neither benefit, the probability of work absence was 7.3 points higher with employer-sponsored health insurance only (<i>p</i> < 0.001), 4.6 points higher with paid sick leave only (<i>p</i> = 0.002), and 12.0 points higher with both benefits (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The association between workplace benefits and health-related work absence varied by employment status, income level, and occupation type (<i>p</i> < 0.001 for all interactions).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Access to paid sick leave and health insurance increased the likelihood of taking time off due to illness or injury, with differences by employment status, income, and occupation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7873,"journal":{"name":"American journal of industrial medicine","volume":"68 7","pages":"598-606"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajim.23733","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144061788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major public health problem and the most common chronic liver disease today. In Korea, the prevalence and incidence of NAFLD are currently very high, causing a serious social burden. Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been consistently implicated as a potential cause of NAFLD, but research in Koreans is limited.
Methods
Using data from the 4th Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS, n = 2792), we investigated the association between PFAS blood levels and NAFLD. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) for the effects of PFAS. A mediation analysis was also conducted to examine the mediating effect of obesity. Finally, weighted quantile sum (WQS) and G-computation methods were implemented to evaluate the joint effect of PFAS mixtures. Hepatic steatosis index was used as a diagnostic tool for NAFLD. [Correction added on 15 May 2025, after first online publication: The KoNEHS n value was changed from 2859 to 2792 in this version.]
Results
Through multivariable logistic regression, statistically significant associations with NAFLD were observed for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) (OR 1.09–1.39), perfluorooctansulfonate (PFOS) (1.09–1.40), perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS) (1.04–1.22), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) (1.12–1.42), and total PFAS (1.21–1.81). We also found that obesity was a significant mediator for PFOA, PFNA, and total PFAS. The ORs for NAFLD obtained by WQS and G-computation methods in the multivariable adjusted model were 1.10–1.46 and 1.08–1.32, respectively.
Conclusions
This study confirmed a significant association between some PFAS and increased odds of NAFLD. Excessive exposure to PFAS might explain the high prevalence and incidence of chronic liver disease in Koreans. Long-term cohort studies are needed to assess geographic and occupational exposures in the Korean population.
{"title":"Association Between Perfluoroalkyl Substance (PFAS) Exposure and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Korean Adults: Results From the KoNEHS 2018–2020: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Jisuk Yun, Young-Sun Min","doi":"10.1002/ajim.23732","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajim.23732","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major public health problem and the most common chronic liver disease today. In Korea, the prevalence and incidence of NAFLD are currently very high, causing a serious social burden. Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been consistently implicated as a potential cause of NAFLD, but research in Koreans is limited.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using data from the 4th Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS, <i>n</i> = 2792), we investigated the association between PFAS blood levels and NAFLD. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) for the effects of PFAS. A mediation analysis was also conducted to examine the mediating effect of obesity. Finally, weighted quantile sum (WQS) and G-computation methods were implemented to evaluate the joint effect of PFAS mixtures. Hepatic steatosis index was used as a diagnostic tool for NAFLD. [Correction added on 15 May 2025, after first online publication: The KoNEHS <i>n</i> value was changed from 2859 to 2792 in this version.]</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Through multivariable logistic regression, statistically significant associations with NAFLD were observed for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) (OR 1.09–1.39), perfluorooctansulfonate (PFOS) (1.09–1.40), perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS) (1.04–1.22), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) (1.12–1.42), and total PFAS (1.21–1.81). We also found that obesity was a significant mediator for PFOA, PFNA, and total PFAS. The ORs for NAFLD obtained by WQS and G-computation methods in the multivariable adjusted model were 1.10–1.46 and 1.08–1.32, respectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study confirmed a significant association between some PFAS and increased odds of NAFLD. Excessive exposure to PFAS might explain the high prevalence and incidence of chronic liver disease in Koreans. Long-term cohort studies are needed to assess geographic and occupational exposures in the Korean population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7873,"journal":{"name":"American journal of industrial medicine","volume":"68 7","pages":"588-597"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143958736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jennifer M. Cavallari, Sierra M. Trudel, Natalie R. Charamut, Megan N. Miskovsky, Matthew Brennan, Amanda J. L. Hiner, Rebecca J. Gore, Lisa M. H. Sanetti, Alicia G. Dugan
Background
Educator mental health plays an important role in schools, yet the long-term impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic remain unknown. We sought to estimate the prevalence of school employee stress, anxiety, and depression in the 2022–2023 school year within two school districts in the Northeastern United States.
Methods
An electronic survey was distributed to school employees. Stress was assessed with the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale with scores 0–13, 14–26, and 27–40 representing low, moderate, and high stress. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression 10-item scale were used to assess clinically significant anxiety and depressive symptoms, with a cut-point of 10 applied to the total summed score of each scale. We used log-binomial regression models to estimate prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).
Results
The majority (76.0%) of the 725 school employees surveyed reported moderate to severe stress with 31.2% and 49.5% reporting clinically significant anxiety or depressive symptoms, respectively. A significantly higher prevalence of anxiety was reported among females (PR = 1.15 (CI: 1.02, 1.30)), instructional staff (PR = 1.15 (CI: 1.02, 1.30)), and employees reporting financial insecurity (PR = 1.18 (CI: 1.10, 1.27)). Likewise, a significantly higher prevalence of depression was reported was reported among women (PR = 1.24; CI (1.00–1.52)), instructional staff (PR = 1.31; CI (1.06–1.62)), and employees reporting financial insecurity (PR = 1.38; CI (1.19–1.60)). Stress, anxiety, and depression were each associated with employees’ intention to quit.
Conclusions
The residual effects of the pandemic remain prevalent among school employees. Improving school employees’ mental health is crucial for the well-being and retention of educators.
{"title":"Psychological Well-Being of US Educators Remains a Post-Pandemic Concern: Findings From a Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Jennifer M. Cavallari, Sierra M. Trudel, Natalie R. Charamut, Megan N. Miskovsky, Matthew Brennan, Amanda J. L. Hiner, Rebecca J. Gore, Lisa M. H. Sanetti, Alicia G. Dugan","doi":"10.1002/ajim.23731","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajim.23731","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Educator mental health plays an important role in schools, yet the long-term impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic remain unknown. We sought to estimate the prevalence of school employee stress, anxiety, and depression in the 2022–2023 school year within two school districts in the Northeastern United States.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>An electronic survey was distributed to school employees. Stress was assessed with the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale with scores 0–13, 14–26, and 27–40 representing low, moderate, and high stress. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression 10-item scale were used to assess clinically significant anxiety and depressive symptoms, with a cut-point of 10 applied to the total summed score of each scale. We used log-binomial regression models to estimate prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The majority (76.0%) of the 725 school employees surveyed reported moderate to severe stress with 31.2% and 49.5% reporting clinically significant anxiety or depressive symptoms, respectively. A significantly higher prevalence of anxiety was reported among females (PR = 1.15 (CI: 1.02, 1.30)), instructional staff (PR = 1.15 (CI: 1.02, 1.30)), and employees reporting financial insecurity (PR = 1.18 (CI: 1.10, 1.27)). Likewise, a significantly higher prevalence of depression was reported was reported among women (PR = 1.24; CI (1.00–1.52)), instructional staff (PR = 1.31; CI (1.06–1.62)), and employees reporting financial insecurity (PR = 1.38; CI (1.19–1.60)). Stress, anxiety, and depression were each associated with employees’ intention to quit.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The residual effects of the pandemic remain prevalent among school employees. Improving school employees’ mental health is crucial for the well-being and retention of educators.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7873,"journal":{"name":"American journal of industrial medicine","volume":"68 7","pages":"642-650"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143952480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tessa Bonney, Dana Madigan, Vinay Espinosa-Ravi, Linda Forst
Background
There is a growing appreciation of the importance of health and well-being and of the complex set of factors, within and outside the workplace, that interact to affect the well-being of workers. Migrant and seasonal farmworkers experience particular challenges, and measurement of factors that influence their health and well-being is important to the ethical sustainability of this critical workforce.
Methods
To examine the applicability of the NIOSH Worker Well-Being Framework to the health and well-being of farmworkers, we conducted a literature review to (1) explore the ways in which the domains, subdomains, and constructs of the framework are described in studies of farmworkers, and (2) identify additional constructs that are not described or not in alignment with the framework.
Results
Four reviewers used a thematic analysis approach to identify and summarize key areas of alignment and non-alignment of 163 included articles. We found alignment with the five framework domains and their sub-domains, though several are understudied or narrowly operationalized in studies of farmworkers. The vast majority of studies addressed contributors to poor health. We found five additional cross-cutting or unaligned themes (legal status, discrimination, exploitation, fear of retaliation, fear of deportation).
Conclusions
External and work-related social factors are important to the well-being of the farmworker workforce. Contextual determinants of employment precarity, hazardous occupational and nonoccupational exposures, and social safety nets should be considered in comprehensive assessments of worker well-being. Other precarious and immigrant workforces may also require expansion of the NIOSH Worker Well-Being Framework.
{"title":"Applying the NIOSH Worker Well-Being Framework to Migrant and Seasonal Farmworkers: Insights From the Literature","authors":"Tessa Bonney, Dana Madigan, Vinay Espinosa-Ravi, Linda Forst","doi":"10.1002/ajim.23728","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajim.23728","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There is a growing appreciation of the importance of health and well-being and of the complex set of factors, within and outside the workplace, that interact to affect the well-being of workers. Migrant and seasonal farmworkers experience particular challenges, and measurement of factors that influence their health and well-being is important to the ethical sustainability of this critical workforce.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To examine the applicability of the NIOSH Worker Well-Being Framework to the health and well-being of farmworkers, we conducted a literature review to (1) explore the ways in which the domains, subdomains, and constructs of the framework are described in studies of farmworkers, and (2) identify additional constructs that are not described or not in alignment with the framework.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Four reviewers used a thematic analysis approach to identify and summarize key areas of alignment and non-alignment of 163 included articles. We found alignment with the five framework domains and their sub-domains, though several are understudied or narrowly operationalized in studies of farmworkers. The vast majority of studies addressed contributors to poor health. We found five additional cross-cutting or unaligned themes (legal status, discrimination, exploitation, fear of retaliation, fear of deportation).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>External and work-related social factors are important to the well-being of the farmworker workforce. Contextual determinants of employment precarity, hazardous occupational and nonoccupational exposures, and social safety nets should be considered in comprehensive assessments of worker well-being. Other precarious and immigrant workforces may also require expansion of the NIOSH Worker Well-Being Framework.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7873,"journal":{"name":"American journal of industrial medicine","volume":"68 7","pages":"573-587"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajim.23728","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143971503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
John Howard, Vladimir Murashov, Gary Roth, Christopher Wendt, Jacob Carr, Marvin Cheng, Scott Earnest, K. C. Elliott, Emily Haas, Ci-Jyun Liang, Gretchen Petery, Jennifer Ragsdale, Christopher Reid, Peregrin Spielholz, Douglas Trout, Divya Srinivasan
Starting in the 1970s with robots that were physically isolated from contact with their human co-workers, robots now collaborate with human workers towards a common task goal in a shared workspace. This type of robotic device represents a new era of workplace automation. Industrial robotics is rapidly evolving due to advances in sensor technology, artificial intelligence (AI), wireless communications, mechanical engineering, and materials science. While these new robotic devices are used mainly in manufacturing and warehousing, human-robot collaboration is now seen across multiple goods-producing and service-delivery industry sectors. Assessing and controlling the risks of human-robot collaboration is a critical challenge for occupational safety and health research and practice as industrial robotics becomes a pervasive feature of the future of work. Understanding the physical, psychosocial, work organization, and cybersecurity risks associated with the increasing use of robotic technologies is critical to ensuring the safe development and implementation of industrial robotics. This commentary provides a brief review of the uses of robotic technologies across selected industry sectors; the risks of current and future industrial robotic applications for worker and employer alike; strategies for integrating human-robot collaboration into a health and safety management system; and the role of robotic safety standards in the future of work.
{"title":"Industrial Robotics and the Future of Work","authors":"John Howard, Vladimir Murashov, Gary Roth, Christopher Wendt, Jacob Carr, Marvin Cheng, Scott Earnest, K. C. Elliott, Emily Haas, Ci-Jyun Liang, Gretchen Petery, Jennifer Ragsdale, Christopher Reid, Peregrin Spielholz, Douglas Trout, Divya Srinivasan","doi":"10.1002/ajim.23729","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajim.23729","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Starting in the 1970s with robots that were physically <i>isolated</i> from contact with their human co-workers, robots now <i>collaborate</i> with human workers towards a common task goal in a shared workspace. This type of robotic device represents a new era of workplace automation. Industrial robotics is rapidly evolving due to advances in sensor technology, artificial intelligence (AI), wireless communications, mechanical engineering, and materials science. While these new robotic devices are used mainly in manufacturing and warehousing, human-robot collaboration is now seen across multiple goods-producing and service-delivery industry sectors. Assessing and controlling the risks of human-robot collaboration is a critical challenge for occupational safety and health research and practice as industrial robotics becomes a pervasive feature of the future of work. Understanding the physical, psychosocial, work organization, and cybersecurity risks associated with the increasing use of robotic technologies is critical to ensuring the safe development and implementation of industrial robotics. This commentary provides a brief review of the uses of robotic technologies across selected industry sectors; the risks of current and future industrial robotic applications for worker and employer alike; strategies for integrating human-robot collaboration into a health and safety management system; and the role of robotic safety standards in the future of work.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7873,"journal":{"name":"American journal of industrial medicine","volume":"68 7","pages":"559-572"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143966009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ja K. Gu, Luenda E. Charles, Chol Seung Lim, Anna Mnatsakanova, Stacey Anderson, Lisa Dzubak, Erin McCanlies
Purpose
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are associated with multiple health effects including pregnancy-induced hypertension and pre-eclampsia, increased serum hepatic enzymes, increased in serum lipids, decreased antibody response to vaccines, and decreased birth weight. Millions of US workers are exposed to PFAS at their workplaces. Our objective was to estimate the serum levels of the five PFAS that are most frequently detected in the US general population(perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA)) among US adult workers.
Methods
Participants were 4476 workers aged ≥ 20 years with PFAS analyte results available who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2005–2014. Geometric mean serum levels of PFAS (ng/mL) were obtained across industry and occupation groups using the PFAS subsample weight in SAS-callable SUDAAN V11.
Results
Among 21 industry groups, the highest geometric mean PFAS levels (ng/mL) were observed in Construction (PFOS = 12.61 ng/mL, PFOA = 3.76, PFHxS = 2.10, PFNA = 1.23, and PFDA = 0.33), followed by Utilities (PFOS = 12.46), and Real Estate/Rental/Leasing (PFOS = 12.15). The lowest geometric mean PFAS levels were seen in Private Households (PFOS = 6.34, PFOA = 2.12, PFHxS=0.75, PFNA = 0.86, and PFDA = 0.25). Among 22 occupation groups, the highest geometric mean PFAS levels were observed in Life/Physical/Social Science occupations (PFOS = 13.19, PFOA = 3.54, PFHxS= 1.69, PFNA = 1.23, and PFDA = 0.33), followed by Installation/Maintenance/Repair occupations (PFOS = 12.75), and Construction/Extraction occupations (PFOS = 12.15). The lowest geometric mean PFAS levels were found in Personal Care/Service occupations (PFOS = 7.25, PFOA = 2.43, PFHxS = 1.07, PFNA = 0.94, and PFDA = 0.25).
Conclusions
Some industry and occupation groups had higher geometric mean levels of PFAS in serum compared to others. Further investigation of these industries and occupations may result in a better understanding of the sources and degree of occupational exposure to PFAS.
{"title":"Serum Concentration of Selected Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) by Industry and Occupational Groups Among US Adult Workers, NHANES 2005–2014","authors":"Ja K. Gu, Luenda E. Charles, Chol Seung Lim, Anna Mnatsakanova, Stacey Anderson, Lisa Dzubak, Erin McCanlies","doi":"10.1002/ajim.23726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajim.23726","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are associated with multiple health effects including pregnancy-induced hypertension and pre-eclampsia, increased serum hepatic enzymes, increased in serum lipids, decreased antibody response to vaccines, and decreased birth weight. Millions of US workers are exposed to PFAS at their workplaces. Our objective was to estimate the serum levels of the five PFAS that are most frequently detected in the US general population(perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA)) among US adult workers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Participants were 4476 workers aged ≥ 20 years with PFAS analyte results available who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2005–2014. Geometric mean serum levels of PFAS (ng/mL) were obtained across industry and occupation groups using the PFAS subsample weight in SAS-callable SUDAAN V11.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among 21 industry groups, the highest geometric mean PFAS levels (ng/mL) were observed in Construction (PFOS = 12.61 ng/mL, PFOA = 3.76, PFHxS = 2.10, PFNA = 1.23, and PFDA = 0.33), followed by Utilities (PFOS = 12.46), and Real Estate/Rental/Leasing (PFOS = 12.15). The lowest geometric mean PFAS levels were seen in Private Households (PFOS = 6.34, PFOA = 2.12, PFHxS=0.75, PFNA = 0.86, and PFDA = 0.25). Among 22 occupation groups, the highest geometric mean PFAS levels were observed in Life/Physical/Social Science occupations (PFOS = 13.19, PFOA = 3.54, PFHxS= 1.69, PFNA = 1.23, and PFDA = 0.33), followed by Installation/Maintenance/Repair occupations (PFOS = 12.75), and Construction/Extraction occupations (PFOS = 12.15). The lowest geometric mean PFAS levels were found in Personal Care/Service occupations (PFOS = 7.25, PFOA = 2.43, PFHxS = 1.07, PFNA = 0.94, and PFDA = 0.25).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Some industry and occupation groups had higher geometric mean levels of PFAS in serum compared to others. Further investigation of these industries and occupations may result in a better understanding of the sources and degree of occupational exposure to PFAS.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7873,"journal":{"name":"American journal of industrial medicine","volume":"68 6","pages":"531-542"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143939612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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