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Girl at the margin: historicizing Adunni’s subjective rendition of colonial Lagos, 1930–60 边缘的女孩:将阿杜尼对殖民地拉各斯的主观再现历史化,1930-60
Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0001972022000304
Tunde Decker
Abstract This article tells one of the many stories that remain largely untold despite the vast literature on colonial Lagos history. Although the social history of Lagos has witnessed increasing interest on the part of historians and scholars from other disciplines and has been told in relation to sex, childhood, social welfare, state, gender and elitism, many personal renditions of the city’s history are hidden from mainstream narratives. The article examines one such personal history. In particular, it exhumes narratives from the phenomenological content of Adunni’s story – of teenage and early adult years, largely lived in the late colonial period. Adunni’s personal experiences speak to those of other living (though few) individuals whose status as living archives often enriches scholarly interrogations but who are regarded as sources of history rather than history itself. This article presents Adunni as a telling example of this neglected aspect of colonial Lagos history.
尽管有大量关于拉各斯殖民地历史的文献,但这篇文章讲述的是许多故事中的一个。尽管历史学家和其他学科的学者对拉各斯的社会史越来越感兴趣,并且已经讲述了与性别,童年,社会福利,国家,性别和精英主义有关的内容,但许多关于这座城市历史的个人叙述都隐藏在主流叙事之外。这篇文章考察了一个这样的个人经历。特别是,它从阿杜尼故事的现象学内容中挖掘出叙述-青少年和成年早期,主要生活在殖民时期后期。Adunni的个人经历与其他活着的人(虽然很少)有联系,他们作为活着的档案的地位往往丰富了学术研究,但他们被视为历史的来源,而不是历史本身。本文将阿杜尼作为拉各斯殖民地历史中这一被忽视的方面的一个生动例子。
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引用次数: 0
The impacts of Covid policy responses in Africa: The Covid Consensus one year on 2019冠状病毒病应对政策对非洲的影响:一年来的新冠肺炎共识
Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.1017/s0001972022000225
T. Green
[...]although I did try to make references to Foucault’s biopower framework, which Hannah alludes to (in mentions of Giorgio Agamben’s work on the pandemic), I certainly did not develop these ideas fully. Since publication, I have become aware of other elements that I certainly would have included had I had more time for research. [...]of writing (December 12), data shows that Covid-19 has killed around 225,000 people on the African continent in almost two years, whereas roughly 9 million people die in Africa every year. 172,500 of these deaths have occurred in just 6 countries: [...]the total recorded Covid-deaths in the rest of the continent are less than 55,000. [...]all this to treat a disease that, as the mortality figures discussed above show, is less severe in Africa than existing endemic diseases on the continent. Since the book came out, I have conducted interviews for Collateral Global that confirm this analysis.
[…虽然我确实试着引用了福柯的生物权力框架,汉娜也提到过(在提到乔治·阿甘本关于大流行的研究时),但我当然没有完全发展这些观点。自从发表以来,我已经意识到,如果我有更多的时间进行研究,我肯定会包括其他因素。[…数据显示,近两年来,Covid-19已在非洲大陆造成约22.5万人死亡,而非洲每年约有900万人死亡。其中17.25万例死亡发生在6个国家:[…]非洲大陆其他地区记录的新冠肺炎死亡总数不到5.5万人。[…这一切都是为了治疗一种疾病,正如上面讨论的死亡率数字所显示的那样,这种疾病在非洲的严重程度不如非洲大陆现有的地方病。自这本书出版以来,我为抵押品全球(Collateral Global)进行了采访,证实了这一分析。
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引用次数: 0
Toby Green, The Covid Consensus: the new politics of global inequality. London: C. Hurst & Co. (hb £14.99 – 978 1 78738 522 1). 2021, 294 pp. 托比·格林:《新冠肺炎共识:全球不平等的新政治》伦敦:C. Hurst & Co. (hb£14.99 - 978 1 78738 522). 2021,294页。
Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0001972022000213
Abigail H. Neely
Drawing from research reports, epidemiological models, newspaper articles, press conferences and white papers from national governments, universities and organizations such as the WHO, he pieces together a story of rapid consensus that would have been hard to imagine in 2019. Perhaps, then, it is less about the character of people’s political leanings (authoritarian or not) and more about a racialized understanding of Covid-19 (the ‘China virus’), driven by China’s influence on isolation and quarantine measures, that determined who has supported public health measures and who has not. The expansion of the social safety net in the USA, the global uprisings in the summer of 2020, and a new attention to the central tenet of public health – to care for and protect the vulnerable – have all offered new possibilities for thinking about how we live together and how we support one another in this world.
根据研究报告、流行病学模型、报纸文章、新闻发布会和各国政府、大学和世卫组织等组织的白皮书,他拼凑出了一个在2019年很难想象的迅速达成共识的故事。因此,也许这与人们的政治倾向(专制与否)的特征关系不大,而更多的是对Covid-19(“中国病毒”)的种族化理解,这是由中国对隔离和检疫措施的影响驱动的,决定了谁支持公共卫生措施,谁不支持。美国社会安全网的扩大、2020年夏季的全球起义,以及对公共卫生核心原则——关爱和保护弱势群体——的新关注,都为思考我们如何在这个世界上共同生活、如何相互支持提供了新的可能性。
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引用次数: 0
Simukai Chigudu, The Political Life of an Epidemic: cholera, crisis and citizenship in Zimbabwe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (hb £78.99 – 978 1 108 48910 2; pb £26.99 – 978 1 108 73344 1). 2020, v + 230 pp.
Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0001972022000158
M. Reddy
Relatedly, faith-based organizations were also influential in response efforts during Ebola and Zika, in part due to their ability to withstand time (in contrast to politicians, who come and go), as Chigudu correctly indicates.4 Ultimately, The Political Life of an Epidemic would greatly benefit from more comparative work with other epidemics, and in terms of political and social context. [...]it is hard to discern what is novel about this particular case study and what is generalizable. Overall, The Political Life of an Epidemic powerfully illustrates how the transformation of the bureaucratic state, in addition to the contentious politics of urban government, led to a public health disaster.
与此相关的是,在埃博拉和寨卡疫情期间,宗教组织在应对工作中也发挥了影响力,部分原因是它们经得起时间的考验(与政治家相比,他们来来去去),正如赤古都正确地指出的那样最终,《流行病的政治生活》将从更多与其他流行病的比较工作中获益,并从政治和社会背景方面进行比较。[…很难分辨出这个特定案例研究的新颖之处和可推广之处。总的来说,《流行病的政治生活》有力地说明了官僚国家的转变,以及城市政府中有争议的政治,是如何导致公共卫生灾难的。
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引用次数: 0
Alex de Waal, New Pandemics, Old Politics: two hundred years of war on disease and its alternatives. Cambridge: Polity (hb £50 – 978 1 5095 4779 1; pb £15.99 – 978 1 5095 4780 7). 2021, 296 pp. 亚历克斯·德瓦尔,《新流行病,旧政治:两百年来与疾病及其替代品的战争》。剑桥:Polity (hb£50 - 978 1 5095 4779 1;Pb£15.99 - 978 1 5095 4780 7). 2021,296页。
Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0001972022000249
P. Richards
[...]faced with a world of disease hazards we have all helped to create, he proposes that our best hope may lie with activist engagement of the kind apparent in the HIV and AIDS response, where those most affected by the problem became adept at pushing both science and politics towards sustainable solutions. A high degree of integration between hierarchies of science and market institutions – the result, for example, of having a government scientific adviser with a background in private-sector pharmaceutical research – would be seen as a textbook example of the Williamson approach, effectively reducing transaction costs by coordinating policy demand and research supply. At the end, Alex de Waal excuses himself: ‘the policies and practices needed range far beyond the scope of this book’ (p. 230). [...]we must be patient and await the sequel, which promises to be as compelling reading as the present potent offering.
[…面对一个我们所有人都参与造成的疾病危害的世界,他提出,我们最大的希望可能在于积极分子的参与,这种参与在艾滋病毒和艾滋病的应对中很明显,那些受这个问题影响最大的人变得善于推动科学和政治走向可持续的解决方案。科学等级和市场制度之间的高度整合——例如,拥有一位具有私营部门药物研究背景的政府科学顾问的结果——将被视为威廉姆森方法的教科书范例,通过协调政策需求和研究供给有效地降低交易成本。最后,亚历克斯·德瓦尔为自己辩解道:“所需的政策和实践范围远远超出了本书的范围”(第230页)。[…我们必须保持耐心,等待续集的到来,因为它肯定会像现在这本强有力的书一样引人入胜。
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引用次数: 0
Simukai Chigudu, The Political Life of an Epidemic: cholera, crisis and citizenship in Zimbabwe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (hb £78.99 – 978 1 108 48910 2; pb £26.99 – 978 1 108 73344 1). 2020, v + 230 pp.
Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0001972022000146
Jacinta Victoria S. Muinde
Historical and political decisions (by both colonial and postcolonial states), including urban planning defined by racial segregation and spatial inequalities, failed public health infrastructure, and the postcolonial government’s struggle to maintain political power ‘converged to create a “perfect storm” for a ruinous cholera outbreak’ (p. 86). [...]Chigudu discusses what he terms ‘multiple ontologies’ to show the different forms, experiences and meanings the cholera epidemic took. [...]the exploration of historical memory and political subjectivities generated by the epidemic illustrates political consciousness amidst feelings of abandonment by the state.
(殖民和后殖民国家)的历史和政治决定,包括由种族隔离和空间不平等界定的城市规划,失败的公共卫生基础设施,以及后殖民政府为维持政治权力而进行的斗争,“共同为毁灭性的霍乱爆发创造了一场‘完美风暴’”(第86页)。[…Chigudu讨论了他所谓的“多重本体论”,以展示霍乱流行的不同形式、经历和意义。[…对疫情所产生的历史记忆和政治主体性的探索,体现了被国家抛弃感中的政治意识。
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引用次数: 0
Marissa Mika, Africanizing Oncology: creativity, crisis, and cancer in Uganda. Athens OH: Ohio University Press (hb US$80 – 978 0 8214 2465 0; pb US$34.95 – 978 0 8214 2509 1). 2021, 260 pp.
Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.1017/s0001972022000183
J. Crane
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引用次数: 0
From Africanizing oncology to decolonizing global health: reflections on the biomedical turn in African health histories 从肿瘤学的非洲化到全球健康的非殖民化:对非洲健康史上生物医学转向的思考
Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.1017/s0001972022000195
Marissa Mika
The questions and preoccupations animating this book were not so much about decolonizing global health as they were about how to write with sensitivity, honesty and integrity about the history of biomedical research and care in Eastern Africa. The theoretical architecture of the book was informed by discussions of experiments travelling 1 and the promises and shortcomings of the antiretroviral technofix for HIV. 2 I also engaged with scholars writing about the material realities of biomedicine in Africa, including debris, 3 traces, 4 improvisation, 5 capacity, 6 scrambling for Africa, 7 and Africa as a living laboratory. 8 ‘Decolonization’ was not on my radar. In the book, I write that we have ‘so much to learn from how Ugandan physician intellectuals, fieldworkers savvy in forging friendships, resilient patients, and invested caretakers keep things going: be they buildings, bodies, experiments, kitchens, therapeutics, blood banks, or optimism’ (p. 24).
让这本书充满活力的问题和关注点,与其说是关于全球健康的去殖民化,不如说是关于如何用敏感、诚实和正直的笔触来书写东非生物医学研究和护理的历史。这本书的理论架构是通过对旅行实验的讨论,以及对艾滋病毒抗逆转录病毒技术的承诺和缺点的讨论来形成的。我还与学者们一起撰写关于非洲生物医学的物质现实,包括碎片,3痕迹,4即兴,5能力,6争夺非洲,7和非洲作为一个活生生的实验室。“去殖民化”不在我的考虑范围之内。在书中,我写道,我们“有很多东西要从乌干达的医生知识分子、善于建立友谊的实地工作者、有韧性的病人和投入的看护人身上学习:无论是建筑物、身体、实验、厨房、治疗、血库还是乐观主义”(第24页)。
{"title":"From Africanizing oncology to decolonizing global health: reflections on the biomedical turn in African health histories","authors":"Marissa Mika","doi":"10.1017/s0001972022000195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0001972022000195","url":null,"abstract":"The questions and preoccupations animating this book were not so much about decolonizing global health as they were about how to write with sensitivity, honesty and integrity about the history of biomedical research and care in Eastern Africa. The theoretical architecture of the book was informed by discussions of experiments travelling 1 and the promises and shortcomings of the antiretroviral technofix for HIV. 2 I also engaged with scholars writing about the material realities of biomedicine in Africa, including debris, 3 traces, 4 improvisation, 5 capacity, 6 scrambling for Africa, 7 and Africa as a living laboratory. 8 ‘Decolonization’ was not on my radar. In the book, I write that we have ‘so much to learn from how Ugandan physician intellectuals, fieldworkers savvy in forging friendships, resilient patients, and invested caretakers keep things going: be they buildings, bodies, experiments, kitchens, therapeutics, blood banks, or optimism’ (p. 24).","PeriodicalId":80373,"journal":{"name":"Africa : notiziario dell'Associazione fra le imprese italiane in Africa","volume":"25 1","pages":"397 - 399"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78251641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Robert Molteno, 11 January 1943–31 January 2022 罗伯特·莫尔特诺,1943年1月11日- 2022年1月31日
Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.1017/s0001972022000377
M. Sheftel
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引用次数: 0
Marissa Mika, Africanizing Oncology: creativity, crisis, and cancer in Uganda. Athens OH: Ohio University Press (hb US$80 – 978 0 8214 2465 0; pb US$34.95 – 978 0 8214 2509 1). 2021, 260 pp.
Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.1017/s0001972022000171
Jonathan D. Shaffer
lights the creativity and ingenuity necessary to refashion ‘the resources and oncological technologies brought through transnational cancer research partnerships to meet the needs of Ugandan cancer patients and their caretakers’ (p. 9). This is what she means by Africanizing Oncology. Conceptually, Mika deploys the term ‘experimental infrastructure’ ‘to describe the constellation of physical facilities, research questions, care practices, data collection procedures, and human labor that makes research and care function on a day-to-day basis at the Uganda Cancer Institute’ (p. 10). This framing and up-close analysis of experimental infrastructures, along with their contingent socio-material practices, are important for understanding the space of constrained possibility that characterizes the day-to-day work of Ugandan physicians, nurses, community health workers and researchers. If ‘research is our resource’, as the UCI slogan goes (p. 9), what does this say about a global health political economy that values certain experimental infrastructures over others? This case opens a more general question: how does global public health and biomedical knowledge get constructed and travel in a world riven by extreme inequality? What are the arrangements that enable anomalous healthcare delivery practices (the construction and maintenance of novel demonstration programmes, centres of excellence, extraordinary case examples, etc.) such as the UCI to serve as ‘epistemic hinges’2 capable of translating local experience into evidence, and evidence into extra-local (or global) justifications and demands for material redistribution for care delivery? More historically deep and geographically broad case studies like this one are important sites of social-scientific research. They are diagnostic of a broader field of symbolic and material struggle and can shed light on contemporary efforts to decolonize global health.
点亮了重塑“跨国癌症研究伙伴关系带来的资源和肿瘤技术,以满足乌干达癌症患者及其护理人员的需求”所必需的创造力和独创性(第9页)。这就是她所说的肿瘤学非洲化。从概念上讲,米卡使用了“实验基础设施”一词来描述物理设施、研究问题、护理实践、数据收集程序和人力劳动,这些都使乌干达癌症研究所的研究和护理工作在日常基础上发挥作用。这种对实验基础设施及其偶然的社会物质实践的框架和近距离分析,对于理解乌干达医生、护士、社区卫生工作者和研究人员日常工作中所特有的有限可能性空间非常重要。如果“研究是我们的资源”,正如UCI的口号所言(第9页),那么对于一个重视某些实验基础设施而不是其他基础设施的全球健康政治经济,这说明了什么?这个案例提出了一个更普遍的问题:在一个被极端不平等撕裂的世界里,全球公共卫生和生物医学知识是如何构建和传播的?是什么安排使得诸如UCI这样的异常医疗服务实践(新示范项目的建设和维护、卓越中心、特殊案例等)能够作为“认知枢纽”2,将当地经验转化为证据,并将证据转化为地方(或全球)以外的理由和对医疗服务物质再分配的要求?像这样的历史深度和地理范围更广的案例研究是社会科学研究的重要场所。它们是象征斗争和物质斗争这一更广泛领域的诊断,可以阐明当代全球卫生非殖民化的努力。
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引用次数: 0
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Africa : notiziario dell'Associazione fra le imprese italiane in Africa
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