Pub Date : 2023-08-18DOI: 10.1017/s0263675123000066
Tom Birkett
The flyleaf to the Tollemache Orosius (London, British Library, Add. MS 47967, 1r) which includes a vine-scroll panel, symbols of the four evangelists, and several smaller notes and sketches, constitutes one of the most extensive sequences of manuscript marginalia to survive from Early Medieval England. Its iconographical complexity is compounded by the inclusion of a sequence of sixteen runes that has long puzzled runologists. This article offers a contextual interpretation of the Tollemache Orosius runic sequence informed by the wider corpus of English runica manuscripta and the particular iconographical, literary and manuscript context in which the runic note appears. Elucidating the link between the runes and the surrounding imagery helps to unravel the iconographical scheme of the flyleaf, centred on the Vineyard of the Lord. It also provides an insight into the reception of the Old English Orosius in late-tenth-century Winchester and the importance of the layered meaning of the vinea domini motif for both monastic communities and the secular church.
{"title":"Vine-workers of the Lord: a Reading of the Runic Sequence and Imagery of the Tollemache Orosius Flyleaf","authors":"Tom Birkett","doi":"10.1017/s0263675123000066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0263675123000066","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The flyleaf to the Tollemache Orosius (London, British Library, Add. MS 47967, 1r) which includes a vine-scroll panel, symbols of the four evangelists, and several smaller notes and sketches, constitutes one of the most extensive sequences of manuscript marginalia to survive from Early Medieval England. Its iconographical complexity is compounded by the inclusion of a sequence of sixteen runes that has long puzzled runologists. This article offers a contextual interpretation of the Tollemache Orosius runic sequence informed by the wider corpus of English runica manuscripta and the particular iconographical, literary and manuscript context in which the runic note appears. Elucidating the link between the runes and the surrounding imagery helps to unravel the iconographical scheme of the flyleaf, centred on the Vineyard of the Lord. It also provides an insight into the reception of the Old English Orosius in late-tenth-century Winchester and the importance of the layered meaning of the vinea domini motif for both monastic communities and the secular church.","PeriodicalId":80459,"journal":{"name":"Anglo-Saxon England","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41743786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.1017/s0263675122000163
S. Keynes, William A. MacKay, R. Naismith
The recorded corpus of Agnus Dei pennies made or found in England has been augmented by three further specimens. The first two (below, [1] and [2]) are imitations of the type, probably minted in Scandinavia but uncovered in England. The third (below, [3]) is a specimen of the original English issue, representing a previously unrecorded mint-place (Dorchester, in Dorset). The new coins are presented in turn, showing how each in its own way refines important aspects of the wider understanding of the Agnus Dei coinage.
{"title":"Three New Agnus Dei Pennies","authors":"S. Keynes, William A. MacKay, R. Naismith","doi":"10.1017/s0263675122000163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0263675122000163","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The recorded corpus of Agnus Dei pennies made or found in England has been augmented by three further specimens. The first two (below, [1] and [2]) are imitations of the type, probably minted in Scandinavia but uncovered in England. The third (below, [3]) is a specimen of the original English issue, representing a previously unrecorded mint-place (Dorchester, in Dorset). The new coins are presented in turn, showing how each in its own way refines important aspects of the wider understanding of the Agnus Dei coinage.","PeriodicalId":80459,"journal":{"name":"Anglo-Saxon England","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47647991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-24DOI: 10.1017/s0263675122000151
J. Carley
Before the sixteenth century the religious houses had been the chief repositories of learning in England. With the Henrician religious revolution, however, their stability became threatened and what survived and what was destroyed has greatly influenced our views of the intellectual culture of the English Middle Ages. It is for this reason that the writings of the royal agent John Leland are so important to our understanding of the crumbling world he was witnessing. In the years shortly before the suppressions Leland examined the contents of many libraries, listing titles of what he saw where. When in 1535 he began the compilation of his De uiris illustribus, he made use of these titles, the notes he had taken, and often the manuscripts themselves. The De uiris illustribus was compiled in two stages and the changes he made as he discovered further materials are significant. His evolving thoughts on Asser and his writings thus provide an illuminating case that throws light on his bio-bibliographical enterprise.
{"title":"John Leland and Asser’s Vita Ælfredi regis: British Library, MS Cotton Otho A. xii Reconsidered in its Tudor Context","authors":"J. Carley","doi":"10.1017/s0263675122000151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0263675122000151","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Before the sixteenth century the religious houses had been the chief repositories of learning in England. With the Henrician religious revolution, however, their stability became threatened and what survived and what was destroyed has greatly influenced our views of the intellectual culture of the English Middle Ages. It is for this reason that the writings of the royal agent John Leland are so important to our understanding of the crumbling world he was witnessing.\u0000 In the years shortly before the suppressions Leland examined the contents of many libraries, listing titles of what he saw where. When in 1535 he began the compilation of his De uiris illustribus, he made use of these titles, the notes he had taken, and often the manuscripts themselves. The De uiris illustribus was compiled in two stages and the changes he made as he discovered further materials are significant. His evolving thoughts on Asser and his writings thus provide an illuminating case that throws light on his bio-bibliographical enterprise.","PeriodicalId":80459,"journal":{"name":"Anglo-Saxon England","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46630881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-24DOI: 10.1017/s026367512200014x
James Lloyd
The witness-list to a charter of Edgar the Peaceable, now lost but quoted by William Somner, designated Eadgifu, Edgar’s grandmother, as in Cantia etiam gubernator. Although doubts about the authenticity of Somner’s source are now unlikely to be resolved, a study of Eadgifu’s life and comparison with contemporary cases of shire administration and female secular power show that, at least in theory, the claim that she was governor of Kent is more credible than it may seem.
{"title":"Eadgifu, Governor of Kent, in a Lost Charter of Edgar","authors":"James Lloyd","doi":"10.1017/s026367512200014x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s026367512200014x","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The witness-list to a charter of Edgar the Peaceable, now lost but quoted by William Somner, designated Eadgifu, Edgar’s grandmother, as in Cantia etiam gubernator. Although doubts about the authenticity of Somner’s source are now unlikely to be resolved, a study of Eadgifu’s life and comparison with contemporary cases of shire administration and female secular power show that, at least in theory, the claim that she was governor of Kent is more credible than it may seem.","PeriodicalId":80459,"journal":{"name":"Anglo-Saxon England","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42383253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.1017/S0263675122000175
J. Fontaine
ABSTRACT Considering early medieval slave resistance proves difficult, given our limited knowledge of all people of low status, especially slaves. Without oral histories, slave narratives, or strong indications of agency, we cannot confidently move beyond discussion of what slave-owners feared into what slaves intended. In lieu of broad discussion of slave agency for early medieval England, we can speak instead of the anticipated problems of slave-ownership. Elites were most concerned by behaviours which could fall into three overlapping categories of ‘problems’: those of property ownership, labour and violence. Each issue focusses heavily on legal responsibility for actions by slaves within a communal compensation-based legal system. Examination of these fears indicates that lawmakers and slave-owning elites were consistently engaged in problematizing slave-ownership, either in reaction to known slave behaviour or in anticipation of it. What emerges, then, is a situation in which both real and imagined acts of resistance helped shape ideas of power and authority both at a personal and administrative level. The expectations of slave behaviour also illuminate some aspects of slavery’s role in society.
{"title":"Slave Resistance in Early Medieval England","authors":"J. Fontaine","doi":"10.1017/S0263675122000175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0263675122000175","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Considering early medieval slave resistance proves difficult, given our limited knowledge of all people of low status, especially slaves. Without oral histories, slave narratives, or strong indications of agency, we cannot confidently move beyond discussion of what slave-owners feared into what slaves intended. In lieu of broad discussion of slave agency for early medieval England, we can speak instead of the anticipated problems of slave-ownership. Elites were most concerned by behaviours which could fall into three overlapping categories of ‘problems’: those of property ownership, labour and violence. Each issue focusses heavily on legal responsibility for actions by slaves within a communal compensation-based legal system. Examination of these fears indicates that lawmakers and slave-owning elites were consistently engaged in problematizing slave-ownership, either in reaction to known slave behaviour or in anticipation of it. What emerges, then, is a situation in which both real and imagined acts of resistance helped shape ideas of power and authority both at a personal and administrative level. The expectations of slave behaviour also illuminate some aspects of slavery’s role in society.","PeriodicalId":80459,"journal":{"name":"Anglo-Saxon England","volume":"49 1","pages":"253 - 284"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44095509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.1017/S0263675122000084
T. Lambert, Sam Leggett
ABSTRACT It has long been accepted that royal households in the pre-Viking period subsisted on annual renders of food, sometimes termed feorm, from the free peasantry. This model of royal support is historiographically fundamental, in the sense that it is built into the foundations of much current thinking not just on the economics of kingship, but on its origins, and on the process of ‘manorialization’. This article argues that the texts which are conventionally read as references to these general-purpose food supplies are in fact concerned with feasts. This is apparent when we scrutinize both the content of food lists – which are so dominated by animal protein as to be inconsistent with the stable isotope evidence for elite diet examined in our companion article – and the contexts of documentary references to feorm and (in Latin) pastus. The article concludes with a review of the potentially far-reaching implications of this finding.
{"title":"Food and Power in Early Medieval England: Rethinking Feorm","authors":"T. Lambert, Sam Leggett","doi":"10.1017/S0263675122000084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0263675122000084","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT It has long been accepted that royal households in the pre-Viking period subsisted on annual renders of food, sometimes termed feorm, from the free peasantry. This model of royal support is historiographically fundamental, in the sense that it is built into the foundations of much current thinking not just on the economics of kingship, but on its origins, and on the process of ‘manorialization’. This article argues that the texts which are conventionally read as references to these general-purpose food supplies are in fact concerned with feasts. This is apparent when we scrutinize both the content of food lists – which are so dominated by animal protein as to be inconsistent with the stable isotope evidence for elite diet examined in our companion article – and the contexts of documentary references to feorm and (in Latin) pastus. The article concludes with a review of the potentially far-reaching implications of this finding.","PeriodicalId":80459,"journal":{"name":"Anglo-Saxon England","volume":"49 1","pages":"107 - 153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45716880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.1017/s0263675123000054
T. Graham
The nineteenth biennial meeting of the Society took as its general theme ‘Anglo-Saxons and Anglo-Saxonists in the Southwest’. The conference was attended by 121 registrants.
{"title":"Record of the Nineteenth Conference of the International Society of Anglo-Saxonists at the University of New Mexico, 29 July–2 August 2019","authors":"T. Graham","doi":"10.1017/s0263675123000054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0263675123000054","url":null,"abstract":"The nineteenth biennial meeting of the Society took as its general theme ‘Anglo-Saxons and Anglo-Saxonists in the Southwest’. The conference was attended by 121 registrants.","PeriodicalId":80459,"journal":{"name":"Anglo-Saxon England","volume":"49 1","pages":"1 - 6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48490630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.1017/S0263675122000114
Calum Platts
ABSTRACT This article examines a contradiction in Bede’s Historia Ecclesiastica between Bede’s own claims and the implications of the list of bishops in the conciliar document produced at the Synod of Hertford, concerning the date of Bisi’s consecration. Modern reconstructions of East Anglian episcopal chronology rely on Bede’s account. The article opens by considering Bede’s concern to identify episcopal consecrators, which led to the contradiction. The implications of the Synod of Hertford are then explored for dating East Anglia’s bishops and the consequent impact this has upon interpreting East Anglia’s royal chronology and the evangelization of the kingdom. This further exposes Bede’s motives for writing his history and how he constructed his narrative.
{"title":"Bede, Bishops and Bisi of East Anglia: Questions of Chronology and Episcopal Consecration in the Historia Ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum","authors":"Calum Platts","doi":"10.1017/S0263675122000114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0263675122000114","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article examines a contradiction in Bede’s Historia Ecclesiastica between Bede’s own claims and the implications of the list of bishops in the conciliar document produced at the Synod of Hertford, concerning the date of Bisi’s consecration. Modern reconstructions of East Anglian episcopal chronology rely on Bede’s account. The article opens by considering Bede’s concern to identify episcopal consecrators, which led to the contradiction. The implications of the Synod of Hertford are then explored for dating East Anglia’s bishops and the consequent impact this has upon interpreting East Anglia’s royal chronology and the evangelization of the kingdom. This further exposes Bede’s motives for writing his history and how he constructed his narrative.","PeriodicalId":80459,"journal":{"name":"Anglo-Saxon England","volume":"49 1","pages":"7 - 41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44080240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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