Aquaculture Reports最新文献

{"title":"Short-chain fatty acids affect skeletal muscle composition, fiber recruitment, and metabolism of the small yellow croaker (Larimichthys polyactis)","authors":"Yu Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiao Liang ,&nbsp;Wei Zhan ,&nbsp;Lin Chen ,&nbsp;Bao Lou","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103169","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103169","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent studies have revealed that intestinal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) can affect muscles muscle metabolism in mammals by promoting glycogen metabolism and lipid oxidation. It is still not clear the distinct effect of acetate, propionate, and butyrate on muscle growth and metabolism of animal, especially in fish. This study investigated the differential impacts of acetate, propionate, and butyrate on muscle composition and metabolism in <em>Larimichthys polyactis</em>. A total of 50 adult fish (both farmed and wild) were sampled to analyze intestinal SCFA levels and muscle nutrient composition. Additionally, 945 juvenile fish (average weight: 9.10 ± 0.062 g) were fed diets supplemented with 0.75 and 1.50 g/kg sodium acetate, propionate, or butyrate. Compositional analysis revealed reduced crude protein (CP) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) contents in the muscle of farmed <em>L. polyactis</em> compared to wild counterparts. Targeted metabolomics further showed higher SCFA levels in the hindgut of wild fish relative to farmed individuals. Dietary supplementation with SCFAs increased muscle CP and PUFA contents in juvenile fish. Transcriptome analysis indicated that SCFAs upregulated myosin-7 gene expression in muscle and promoted glucose metabolism. Notably, sodium acetate downregulated cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase (<em>csad</em>), potentially contributing to reduced muscle fiber diameter. At the 1.50 g/kg supplementation level, sodium propionate and butyrate significantly upregulated very-long-chain enoyl-CoA reductase (<em>tecr</em>) in muscle (P &lt; 0.05). These findings demonstrate that dietary SCFAs improve farmed croaker muscle quality through distinct mechanisms, providing insights for optimizing the muscle quality of farmed fish.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 103169"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145321034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective effects of inulin on high-fat feed-induced growth inhibition, oxidative stress and lipid metabolism disorders in common carp (Cyprinus carpio)","authors":"Hao-Tong Wang ,&nbsp;Deng-Lai Li ,&nbsp;Rui Zhu ,&nbsp;Zhi-Yong Yang ,&nbsp;Liang Li ,&nbsp;Xiao-Fang Wei ,&nbsp;Si-Ying Liu ,&nbsp;Si-Tong Meng ,&nbsp;Yin-Tao Wang ,&nbsp;Guo-Jun Shang ,&nbsp;Li-Fang Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103157","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103157","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Increasing the fat content in feed can spare protein but may cause lipid metabolism disorders. Inulin can regulate lipid metabolism and improve fish health. To investigate the effects of inulin supplementation in high-fat diets on common carp (<em>Cyprinus carpio</em>), 540 fish (4.47 ± 0.07 g/fish) were randomly divided into 6 groups with three replicates each. Groups were fed diets for 8 weeks as follows: CK (8 % lipid), G0 (12 % lipid), G1 (5.00 g/kg inulin+12 % lipid), G2 (10.00 g/kg inulin+12 % lipid), G3 (15.00 g/kg inulin+12 % lipid), and G4 (20.00 g/kg inulin+12 % lipid). Results showed that inulin supplementation (10.00–20.00 g/kg): enhanced weight gain rate, specific growth rate, feed efficiency ratio, and protein efficiency ratio, mitigating the growth reduction caused by the high-fat diet (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Inulin increased hormone-sensitive lipase and adipose triglyceride lipase activities in the hepatopancreas and muscle, and upregulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor beta and gamma mRNA expression in the hepatopancreas, alleviating high-fat diet-induced lipid metabolism disorders (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Inulin elevated serum levels of lysozyme, alkaline phosphatase, complement component, and immunoglobulin M, enhanced immune function, and increased glutathione, total superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activities in the hepatopancreas and intestine, boosting antioxidant capacity (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, inulin ameliorated high-fat diet-induced damage to hepatopancreatic and intestinal tissues. Taken together, this study suggests that inulin supplementation improved growth performance, alleviated lipid metabolism disorders, and preserved the morphological integrity of hepatopancreatic and intestinal tissues. Based on comprehensive analysis and cost-effectiveness, the optimal inulin supplementation level in a high-fat diet for common carp is 15.00 g/kg.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 103157"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145321033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into the roles of vitamin D3 on the antioxidant capacity, flesh quality, and myofiber development of giant freshwater prawns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii)","authors":"Yao Zhang,&nbsp;Yan Liu,&nbsp;Xinzhe Tang,&nbsp;Xinhai Zhu,&nbsp;Qieqi Qian,&nbsp;Xiaojian Gao,&nbsp;Qun Jiang,&nbsp;Xiaojun Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103145","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103145","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vitamin D3 (VD₃) is crucial for the growth and physiological functions of aquatic species, yet its effects on crustaceans, particularly regarding flesh quality, and myofiber development, remain poorly understood. This study investigated the impact of dietary VD₃ supplementation on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, flesh quality, and myofiber development in the giant freshwater prawn (<em>Macrobrachium rosenbergii</em>). Six experimental diets containing varying VD₃ levels (0.10, 0.18, 0.28, 0.48, 0.68, and 0.88 mg/kg) were formulated and fed to juvenile prawns for 70 d. Optimal VD₃ supplementation at 0.48 mg/kg significantly improved growth performance, feed utilization, and muscle nutrient composition, including increased crude protein and lipid content (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). VD₃ remarkably increased the levels of Gln, Tau, C18:0, C18:1n9c, C18:2n6c, and C20:5n3 in the muscle (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Flesh quality analysis showed that VD₃ reduced cooking loss and lactic acid contents while enhancing the body color, shear force, hardness, chewiness, collagen contents, suggesting the enhanced flesh quality. Antioxidant capacity was enhanced by VD₃, as evidenced by reduced reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde levels, alongside increased antioxidant enzyme activities (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Additionally, VD₃ promoted myofiber development by increasing the proportion of small-diameter myofibers (&lt; 20 μm) and myofiber density, and decreasing the large-diameter myofibers (&gt; 50 μm), which correlated with improved muscle hardness and texture. Molecular analysis revealed that VD₃ upregulated key genes involved in cell proliferation and differentiation, protein synthesis, and decreased the protein degradation gene expression, indicating its role in modulating muscle growth through the target of rapamycin and forkhead box protein 1 signaling pathways. Quadratic regression analysis determined the optimal dietary VD₃ requirements for <em>M. rosenbergii</em> to be 0.50 mg/kg for growth and 0.55 mg/kg for muscle protein content. These findings highlight VD₃ as a promising nutritional intervention to enhance the quality of aquatic meat products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 103145"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145262922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hormonal induction of the bighead catfish (Clarias macrocephalus, Günther 1864): Viable protocols for luteinizing hormone releasing hormone A3 and metoclopramide","authors":"Nguyễn Ngọc Quyến ,&nbsp;Nguyễn Thanh Tâm ,&nbsp;Thạch Anh Pha ,&nbsp;Nguyễn Thị Trúc Quyên ,&nbsp;Darmawan Setia Budi ,&nbsp;József Horváth ,&nbsp;Tamás Müller","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103159","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103159","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing feasible reproductive regimes is the principal issue for sustainable aquaculture of captive fish. This study assessed either luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone A3 (LHRH-A3) alone or combined with metoclopramide (dopamine receptor antagonists-MET) impacts reproductive traits in the bighead catfish (<em>Clarias macrocephalus</em>) under captive conditions. Each of the sixty-six mature females received a single intramuscular injection of LHRH-A3 (µg) + MET (mg) per 1 kg of body weight in 11 experimental treatments: T1: 0 + 10; T2: 15 + 0; T3: 15 + 5; T4: 15 + 10; T5: 20 + 0; T6: 20 + 5; T7: 20 + 10; T8: 25 + 0; T9: 25 + 5; and T10: 25 + 10. Physiological saline solution was used in the control (C) treatment. Fish in treatments C and T1 did not spawn. Ovulation percentages of treated females varied significantly and reached 100 % in T7 and T8. There was no difference in the effectiveness of such paired hormonal treatments on latency period, pseudo-gonadosomatic index, eggs per fish, and eggs per g of fish among treated groups. The minimum mean values of fertilisation rate, hatching rate, and larval survival rate in all hormonal treatments were 96.56 %, 88.74 %, and 91.86 %, respectively. Taking into account economical considerations and the embryo survival numbers, the combination of 20 µg of LHRH-A3 + MET at 10 mg/kg body weight is recommended for artificial propagation of <em>C. macrocephalus</em> in captivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 103159"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145262917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulation of hepatic glucose metabolism by lipid nanoparticles in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)","authors":"Kaipeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Yamin Wang ,&nbsp;Jing Chen ,&nbsp;Shan Xie ,&nbsp;Zhenye Lin ,&nbsp;Xiaotong Chen ,&nbsp;Shuling Bai ,&nbsp;Qi Li ,&nbsp;Tengfei Zhu ,&nbsp;Yingying Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103148","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103148","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aims of this study were to explore the impact of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) on glucose metabolism in <em>Micropterus salmoides</em> and gain further insights into the underlying mechanisms through which LNPs enhance glucose utilization. First, to examine the effects of LNPs on the glucose metabolism of <em>Micropterus salmoides</em> following a short-term administration of glucose solution, five different treatments were conducted: normal saline solution (Saline group), glucose solution (Glu group), glucose solution + LNPs solution (Glu+LNPs group), glucose solution + siGCGRa (Glu+siGCGR group), and glucose solution + LNPs solution + siGCGRa (Glu+LNPs+siGCGR group). The findings demonstrated a significant inhibition of gluconeogenesis in both the siGCGR group and LNPs group within 12 h following oral gavage of glucose solution. Then, to explore the effects of LNPs on the glucose metabolism of <em>Micropterus salmoides</em> fed different carbohydrate diets over a 4-week experimental period, the fish were separated into two groups based on diet: the 10 % carbohydrate diet (C10) and the 18 % carbohydrate diet (C18). Each dietary group was further subdivided into four treatment groups: Control, LNPs, siGCGR, and LNPs+siGCGR. The Control group received normal saline, while the other groups were treated with LNPs, siGCGRa, or the combination of LNPs and siGCGRa, respectively. It was observed that C18 feeding led to impaired glucose tolerance; however, no such alteration was observed in the LNPs and siGCGR groups. Meanwhile, although C18 feeding suppressed gluconeogenesis and enhanced glycolytic pathway to some extent, administration of LNPs via gavage and siGCGRa injection exerted a more pronounced inhibitory effect on gluconeogenesis while promoting the glycolytic pathway. Consequently, insulin sensitivity was restored to normal levels in largemouth bass. No significant differences in glucose utilization and insulin sensitivity were observed between the groups with siGCGR+LNPs and the siGCGR, suggesting that LNPs may enhance glucose metabolism through <em>gcgr</em> inhibition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 103148"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145263241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of dietary ratio of n-3 to n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids on growth performance, muscle quality, hepatic lipid metabolism, and intestinal health of rice field eel (Monopterus albus)","authors":"Lingyi He ,&nbsp;Zhenyan Dai ,&nbsp;Xinxin Wu ,&nbsp;Junxin Ma ,&nbsp;Dongxiao Lin ,&nbsp;Quan Li ,&nbsp;Lei Zhong ,&nbsp;Yi Hu ,&nbsp;Yaxiong Pan ,&nbsp;Junzhi Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103141","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103141","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the impacts of different dietary n-3:n-6 PUFA ratios on growth performance, muscle quality, hepatic lipid metabolism, and intestinal health in rice field eel <em>(Monopterus albus</em>). Six diets with varying n-3 to n-6 PUFA ratios (LAP1: 0.51, LPA2: 0.9, LPA3: 1.43, LPA4: 3.36, LPA5: 4.25, and LPA6: 6.87) were prepared by adjusting the amounts of linoleic acid oil (n-6) and DHA+EPA oil (n-3). Juvenile <em>M. albus</em> (initial weight: 20.00 ± 0.01 g) were fed these diets for eight weeks. The results indicated that increasing n-3:n-6 PUFA ratio significantly enhanced weight gain rate, and specific growth rate, with a ratio of 3.36 (LPA4) group showing the best results. The muscle n-3 PUFA content was highest in the LPA4 group, while n-6 PUFA content decreased as the n-3:n-6 PUFA ratio increased. Furthermore, our results indicate that the dietary n-3:n-6 PUFA ratio influences the muscle fiber characteristics and muscle quality of <em>M. albus</em>. The myofiber diameter increased with the rise in the n-3:n-6 PUFA ratio, reaching the highest value in the LPA4 group. Muscle hardness and chewiness were improved in the LPA3-LPA6 groups. Increasing dietary n-3:n-6 PUFA ratio reduced hepatic lipid accumulation, inhibited the expression of lipid synthesis-related genes (<em>fas, g6pd, dgat2, lxra, srebp1</em>), and promoted the expression of lipolysis-related (<em>cpt1, ppara, hsl, hl</em>) and lipid transport-related genes (<em>ldlr, mttp</em>). Liver antioxidant capacity initially increased but later declined as the n-3:n-6 PUFA ratio increased. Intestinal health improved in the LPA3-LPA6 groups, with increased goblet cell count, intestinal fold height, and muscle thickness, and higher tight junction-related gene expression (<em>claudin-15, claudin-12, zo-2, occludin-2</em>). The expression of pro-inflammatory gene (<em>NF-kB1, tlr-8, il8, il1b, il15</em>) significantly declined in these groups, while the anti-inflammatory genes (<em>il-10</em>) were significantly upregulated. Intestinal trypsin activity increased significantly in the LPA2–LPA4 groups, peaking in the LPA3 group. Our study highlights that a dietary n-3:n-6 PUFA ratio of 1.43–3.36 enhances growth, improve muscle quality and intestinal health, and regulate liver lipid metabolism in <em>M. albus</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 103141"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145263242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging novel bacteriophage candidates targeting multidrug-resistant Aeromonas spp. from striped catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus","authors":"Tu Q. Vinh ,&nbsp;Tran T.B. Huy ,&nbsp;Trong-Tuong Ho ,&nbsp;Hoang T. Duc ,&nbsp;Pham D.T. My ,&nbsp;Le P. Nga ,&nbsp;Dang T.H. Oanh ,&nbsp;Pham Q. Huy ,&nbsp;Nguyen T.N. Huyen ,&nbsp;Tan-Trung Nguyen ,&nbsp;Nguyen Dang Ton ,&nbsp;Andrew D. Millard ,&nbsp;Hoang A. Hoang","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103164","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103164","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The escalating threat of antibiotic resistance in aquatic pathogens has intensified interests in bacteriophage-based solutions for the sustainable aquaculture development. This study characterized two lytic phages, vB_AerC_LA93P1 and vB_AerC_LA93P2, isolated from striped catfish pond water samples. They demonstrated potent activity against <em>Aeromonas dhakensis</em>, an emerging agent posing a significant threat in striped catfish farming in Vietnam. Both phages exhibited considerable lytic capabilities across multidrug-resistant <em>Aeromonas</em> spp. isolates, when lysing 14 out of 16 tested <em>Aeromonas</em> spp. isolates, respectively. One-step growth curve experiments revealed that LA93P1 has a latent period of 30 mins and a burst size of approximately 506 ± 97 PFU per infected cell, while LA93P2 has a latent period of 35 mins and a larger burst size of 591 ± 89 PFU per infected cell. Genomic analysis revealed double-stranded DNA genomes of 52,193 bp (LA93P1) and 52,064 bp (LA93P2) with GC contents of 52.8 % and 52.9 %, respectively. Functional annotation identified 68 and 70 open reading frames (ORFs), including structural, replication, and lytic modules, with no of antibiotic resistance genes, virulence factors, or lysogeny-associated elements. Comparative genomics and phylogenetics placed both phages LA93P1 and LA93P2 within the family <em>Chaseviridae</em> and they shared the highest nucleotide identity (76 % and 81 %, respectively) with <em>Aeromonas</em> phage ZPAH14 (NC 070840). The absence of unsafe risks and their obligately lytic nature position both phages as promising candidates against multidrug-resistant <em>Aeromonas</em> spp. in striped catfish.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 103164"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145263244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of L-theanine supplementation duration on antioxidant capacity, immunity, and gut microbiota in Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis)","authors":"Min Yang ,&nbsp;Jun Ling,&nbsp;Guoqing Duan,&nbsp;Tong Li,&nbsp;He Jiang,&nbsp;Cangcang Wu,&nbsp;Zhu Chen,&nbsp;Jing Zhang,&nbsp;Benli Wu,&nbsp;Tingshuang Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103143","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103143","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>L-theanine (gamma-glutamylethylamine) is a unique non-protein amino acid found in tea and its benefits have been evaluated in various animals due to its various biological activities. However, the time-dependent effects of L-theanine supplementation on Chinese mitten crabs remain unknown. In the present study, we investigated the time-dependent effects of L-theanine supplementation on enzyme activities, transcriptome response, and intestinal flora composition of Chinese mitten crabs using the following experimental groups: non-L-theanine treatment (L0), 1.5 % L-theanine for four weeks (L4) and 1.5 % L-theanine for eight weeks (L8). Innate immune parameters (e.g., ACP and ALP) and activities of anti-oxidant enzymes namely SOD, T-AOC, and GSH-Px were positively correlated with L-theanine supplementation duration. Transcriptome results revealed that the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) increased from 222 (181 upregulated and 41 downregulated at four weeks) to 760 (724 upregulated and 36 downregulated at 8 weeks), and the number of DEGs was positively correlated with L-theanine supplementation duration. Furthermore, dietary L-theanine significantly affected intestinal microbiota composition, with the community abundance of <em>Citrobacter</em>, <em>Lactovum</em>, <em>Pediococcus</em>, <em>Tyzzerella</em>, and <em>Exiguobacterium</em> decreasing significantly with an increase L-theanine supplementation duration, whereas the abundance of <em>Myroides</em>, <em>Kurthia</em>, and <em>Vagococcus</em> bacteria increased significantly. In conclusion, L-theanine has a time correlation with the antioxidant enzyme activities and hepatopancreas metabolic function of <em>E. sinensis</em>, and a supplementation regimen of eight weeks is recommended for its optimal cultivation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 103143"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145263243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the immunomodulatory effect of using raw or hydrolysed Nannochloropsis gaditana in diets for juvenile gilthead seabream specimens","authors":"Fernando Méndez-Vivancos ,&nbsp;María Isabel Sáez ,&nbsp;Alba Galafat ,&nbsp;Francisco Javier Alarcón-López ,&nbsp;Tomás Francisco Martínez ,&nbsp;Marta Arizcun ,&nbsp;Elena Chaves-Pozo","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103163","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103163","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microalgae are known to have bioactive compounds able to modulate fish immunity. So, they are good candidates to be incorporated into aquafeeds in order to improve fish health and welfare against opportunistic outbreaks. Enzymatic hydrolysis of microalgae biomass prior to its inclusion into aquafeeds represents a suitable strategy for increasing the bioavailability of bioactive compounds. In this framework, our objective was to assess the possible immunomodulatory effect of the microalga <em>Nannochloropsis gaditana</em> on the innate immune response of gilthead seabream (<em>Sparus aurata</em>) juveniles (15.5 ± 0.5 g of body weight) fed with isoproteic and isolipidic diets containing the microalgae at two inclusion level (2.5 % or 5 %), and two formats: raw or enzymatically hydrolysed. We analyzed the host immune status during 45 and 90 days of feeding and after a bacterial challenge performed at day 91 and mimicking an opportunistic outbreak. The middle-term effect were up-regulation of variable amounts of immune activities and genes depending on the diet. However, the long-time effects depended on the microalgae format. Thus, hydrolysed microalgae decreased or have no effect on immune parameters at long term, while raw microalgae induced up or down regulation depending on the parameter studied. Interestingly, the highest mortality rates were observed in the fish fed with raw microalgae diets. Thus, we have identified two molecules (<em>il6</em> and <em>Hamp</em>) which exacerbated up-regulation might trigger the mortalities observed. Further studies will be recommended for controlling <em>il6</em> and <em>Hamp</em> expression in order to protect fish from opportunistic bacterial infections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 103163"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145262921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of nisin and plant-derived lactic acid bacteria on immunity and intestinal histomorphology in juvenile vimba bream (Vimba vimba)","authors":"Barbara Kazuń ,&nbsp;Joanna Małaczewska ,&nbsp;Dobrochna Adamek-Urbańska ,&nbsp;Joanna Żylińska-Urban ,&nbsp;Krzysztof Kazuń ,&nbsp;Rafał Kamiński ,&nbsp;Justyna Sikorska ,&nbsp;Jacek Wolnicki","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103168","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103168","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Feed supplementation with probiotic bacteria and their products, such as bacteriocins, is a natural and safe form of animal support to help control infectious diseases. These natural products not only support the immune system of the fish but also have a beneficial effect on husbandry parameters and contribute to better stress tolerance, thus reducing the susceptibility of the animals to infection. The aim of the present study was to determine and compare the effects of multispecies probiotics and nisin on the activity of head kidney immune cells and parameters of growth and histomorphology of the digestive tract of vimba bream fry. In the control group (C group), the fish were fed commercial dry feed. Three experimental groups were supplied with feed supplemented with three strains of <em>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</em> (1.0 ×10⁸ CFU g⁻¹), which is characterized by a high level of antagonism toward pathogenic bacteria (A group); a combination of two strains of <em>Lacticaseibacillus casei</em> with one strain of <em>Lacticaseibacillus paracasei</em> (∼1.0 ×10⁸ CFU g⁻¹), species that are characterized by high lactic acid production (L group); or 500 µg of bacteriocin nisin kg⁻¹ (N group). The experiment lasted for 14 days. In the L and N groups, we observed a beneficial effect of supplementation on the activity of head kidney phagocytes and the height of the intestinal epithelium and the supranuclear region; however, these effects were more pronounced in the group receiving lactic acid bacteria than in the group receiving bacteriocin. The strains of <em>L. plantarum</em> (A group) did not have a beneficial effect on the studied parameters but did colonize the fish intestine, and given their high antagonistic activity against pathogenic bacteria, which is a particularly desirable characteristic of probiotic bacteria in aquaculture, we cannot exclude the benefit of their practical use together with the L group strains <em>L. casei</em> and <em>L. paracasei</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 103168"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145263249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}