Applied psychology. Health and well-being最新文献

A preregistered experimental study tested the effects of message framing on breastfeeding and formula-feeding attitudes and intentions. It also examined whether affective reaction and information acceptance mediated these effects, and whether self-efficacy and perceived behavioral control (PBC) moderated them. Participants (282 pregnant women) were randomly assigned to a gain frame condition (benefits of breastfeeding), a loss frame condition (risks of not breastfeeding), or a control condition. Results showed two opposite indirect effects: the loss frame elicited negative affect, which lowered information acceptance; and conversely, the gain frame induced positive affect, thus increasing acceptance. These affective and cognitive responses differentially affected breastfeeding and formula-feeding attitudes and intentions, with the loss frame indirectly worsening the former (95% CI [-.24, -.08]) and improving the latter (95% CI [.03, .11]), while the gain frame worsened formula-feeding attitudes and intentions (95% CI [-.03, -.01]) and improved those related to breastfeeding (95% CI [.01, .08]). Additionally, low levels of breastfeeding self-efficacy and PBC amplified the negative effects of the loss-framed message and suppressed the positive effects of the gain-framed message. These findings highlight the affective and cognitive mechanisms through which risk-based language can have unintended, counterproductive effects. Breastfeeding promotion should emphasize benefits rather than risks and empower women's self-efficacy.

Although increasing research examines climate anxiety, little is known about the situational factors related to it. To assess these factors, we developed and evaluated a situated psychometric instrument for assessing how much climate anxiety individuals recall experiencing in 31 situations where climate anxiety is likely (e.g., hearing about climate catastrophes on the news). Of interest was how climate anxiety is experienced in a country like the UK, where climate disasters are mostly heard about in the media and anticipated in the future, relative to countries where climate disasters are experienced directly and regularly. In an online survey (N = 303; 50.8% female), we investigated how much climate anxiety individuals recall experiencing in situations where climate anxiety is likely to occur, along with how much they recall experiencing 13 factors potentially related to climate anxiety (e.g., threat, violation, rumination). An individual measure of climate anxiety, averaged across situations, exhibited high reliability, construct validity and content validity. Climate anxiety varied widely across situations, with individuals further varying in how much climate anxiety they remembered experiencing in each situation. As predicted, the 13 situational factors tended to correlate significantly with climate anxiety across situations, explaining a median 75% of its variance in individual regressions.

HIV-related stigma negatively impacts the health of people who are living with HIV. Stigma may also affect sero-discordant couples where one partner is living with HIV, but the other is not. However, we know little about how HIV-related stigma and couple relationship quality jointly affect depression and anxiety in both the individual and their partner. We analyzed dyadic data from 491 sero-discordant pregnant couples in southwestern Kenya collected during 2019-2022 using Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (APIM) methods. Controlling for relationship quality, HIV-related stigma perceived by both women and men was detrimental to their own mental health as well as to their partner's mental health. High relationship quality was associated with better mental health of couple members, independent of stigma, but reporting high relationship quality did not significantly buffer the negative effect that stigma had on mental health. The partner effects of women's and men's relationship quality were sometimes in opposite directions: women's reports of higher relationship quality were negatively associated with men's depressive symptoms; however, men's reports of higher relationship quality were positively associated with higher depressive symptoms in women. These results suggest that interventions should support sero-discordant couples to resist and reduce HIV-related stigma as well as build positive couple relationships.

Extensive research has established that children affected by HIV face significantly elevated risks for chronic mental health challenges. To address this critical need, we systematically developed the ChildCARE intervention to improve mental health outcomes. However, the potential mechanisms by which it dynamically reshapes psychological elements remain unclear. Using network analysis with data from 595 participants aged 6-17 years (mean age = 10.47) receiving the child intervention, we examined change patterns between well-being and psychological distress domains from baseline to 6-month follow-up. Network comparison revealed significant reorganization of psychological elements following the intervention. Notably, global network connectivity significantly inc,reased among children affected by HIV aged 11-17 years. Further Bayesian network analysis identified a shift in the primary driver from depressive symptoms at baseline to self-esteem as the key upstream predictor post-intervention. Moreover, the intervention integrated two interconnected yet segregated subnetworks into a unified directed architecture, reflecting a transition toward a stable mental health state. This study demonstrates that self-esteem, as a central indicator, can serve as the primary focus of interventions aimed at reconfiguring psychological networks. The findings suggest that targeting self-esteem systematically in mental health interventions could effectively promote recovery and resilience among disadvantaged children.

Gatekeeper training programs are essential in equipping school teachers with the necessary skills to identify and respond to suicide risk. However, understanding how suicide literacy evolves over time remains limited, which hinders the effective tailoring of interventions. This study aims to identify developmental patterns in suicide literacy to optimize prevention efforts. The analysis utilizes data from a large-scale school-based randomized controlled trial conducted from December 2022 to March 2024, involving 84 schools randomly assigned to an intervention or waitlist control group. A total of 2,051 school teachers (74.9% female; mean age = 37.15 ± 8.84 years) from the intervention group were included, with assessments conducted at baseline (T1), immediately after training (T2), and at 6 months (T3) and 12 months (T4) follow-up. Latent class growth modeling was employed to identify distinct subphenotype trajectories of literacy development, while multinomial logistic regression examined baseline characteristics associated with these trajectories. Cross-lagged panel network analysis was used to explore the dynamic relationships between the components of the training over time. Four distinct literacy trajectory groups were identified: Dip-Recovery (9.60%), Stable-Low (10.68%), Growth-Stable (66.65%), and Peak-Decline (13.07%). The Growth-Stable group showed the most consistent literacy gains, the lowest stigmatization, and the highest levels of perceived competence, willingness to intervene, and gatekeeper behaviors. In the networks of this group, misconceptions about discussing suicide and silence were identified as key factors in sustaining long-term literacy retention. Literacies related to the prevalence and dynamic nature of suicidal ideation were among the most influenced beliefs. This study identifies distinct literacy subphenotype trajectories and the most influential knowledge affecting long-term retention. It highlights the need for tailored, ongoing reinforcement in gatekeeper training to ensure sustained literacy and effective suicide prevention strategies, particularly in reinforcing key literacy components to foster a proactive, informed response to suicide prevention.

The rise of loneliness in the modern era has been increasingly linked to interactive internet use, with problematic pornography use (PPU) emerging as a significant concern. Drawing on coping theory and the incentive motivation model, researchers suggest that loneliness and PPU often co-occur. With loneliness emerging as a public health concern and PPU gaining diagnostic recognition, addressing both issues is critical. This study explored the relationship between loneliness and PPU and evaluated the effectiveness of a group-based physical exercise (GBPE) approach in mitigating these challenges. Four studies were conducted. Study 1 (n = 351) found positive cross-sectional relationships between loneliness and PPU. Study 2 (n = 103) employed a cross-lagged panel design, revealing loneliness as a causal factor for increased PPU. Study 3 (n = 28) developed a 4-week moderate-intensity GBPE programme, demonstrating its potential to reduce loneliness, PPU and disrupt their associations. Study 4 (n = 92) replicated the intervention, comparing GBPE with individual exercise and a control group. Results highlighted GBPE's protective effect, preventing worsening loneliness and PPU over time. While GBPE did not produce significant reductions in loneliness and PPU, it effectively halted their progression, unlike the control group, where both significantly increased. Future research could explore underlying mechanisms and refine the programme for greater effectiveness.

Prior studies suggest that mindfulness interventions are viable for alleviating insomnia; however, the potential bidirectional link between mindfulness and insomnia warrants a longitudinal study. This study investigates the bidirectional link between mindfulness and insomnia and the mediating role of negative affect. We tracked and surveyed 254 students from a university in East China on mindfulness, negative affect, and insomnia over 2 months and collected their reports at baseline (Time 1), 1 month later (Time 2), and 2 months later (Time 3). Random intercept cross-lagged panel models (RI-CLPMs) were employed to examine the bidirectional links among these variables. The results revealed mixed support for reciprocal links between mindfulness and insomnia, showing bidirectional links only between Time 2 and Time 3 but not between Time 1 and Time 2. Negative affect mediated the negative link between mindfulness and insomnia. Although elevated negative affect predicted decreased mindfulness, insomnia did not predict negative affect longitudinally, and negative affect did not mediate the longitudinal link from insomnia to mindfulness. Accordingly, our findings suggest that mindfulness-based interventions for insomnia may benefit from prioritizing components that target negative affect, which may trigger an upward spiral that improves sleep and sustains mindfulness.

Adolescents across the globe experience increasing demands for care, and the mental health of Polish and Ukrainian youth is especially concerning, due to ongoing war and displacement. This study explores the acceptability, feasibility, and short-term effects of a digital, self-guided single-session intervention (SSI) for improving the mental health of Polish and Ukrainian youth, including Ukrainian refugees in Poland.

A non-randomized, open pilot trial was conducted from March to June 2024, involving youth aged 10–18 years from Poland and Ukraine. Participants completed an SSI after cultural adaptations and translation into Polish and Ukrainian. Measures assessed hopelessness, self-hate, agency, perceived control, and acceptability. Statistical analyses included paired t-tests and effect size calculations to examine intervention effects.

Among 176 Polish and 139 Ukrainian youth who began the intervention, completion rates were 80.7% and 62.6%, respectively. Polish participants exhibited significant improvements in hopelessness, self-hate, perceived control, and agency, while Ukrainian youth showed moderate improvements in perceived control but limited change in other mental health indicators. Acceptability ratings were high across all youth.

Findings suggest SSIs hold potential as a scalable option for mental health care. However, the varied outcomes across the two groups highlight the need for further refinement, especially for displaced youth.

Fatigue, a prevalent sub-health condition in modern society, is a common psychological and physiological consequence of stress, particularly among college students who frequently encounter academic and social challenges. Emerging evidence highlights the critical role of stress mindset—individuals' beliefs about the nature of stress—in shaping stress-related health outcomes. Using a residual dynamic structural equation modeling (RDSEM) approach, this study investigated within-person associations of positive and negative stress mindsets with fatigue throughout the stress process. A sample of 356 Chinese college students (75.84% female; M age = 20.66) completed five momentary surveys per day over seven consecutive days, assessing stress mindset, daily stressors, perceived stress, and fatigue. The results indicated that a negative stress mindset was more directly associated with fatigue, forming a bidirectional loop: stronger negative stress mindsets predicted greater fatigue, which in turn reinforced more negative stress mindsets, with a moderate effect size. In contrast, a positive stress mindset was linked to lower fatigue through a small indirect pathway via reduced perceived stress. It also weakened the association between daily stressors and perceived stress. These findings suggest that positive and negative stress mindsets function differently within the stress-fatigue process. This study extends existing models of stress and fatigue by integrating a mindset-based perspective and identifies valuable intervention targets for mitigating fatigue through the cultivation of adaptive stress beliefs.

Prosocial behavior can promote well-being, yet the effects of everyday acts—such as cooking for others—remain understudied. Across four studies (N > 1,500), we developed and validated a Prosocial Cooking Scale and examined its well-being effects using cross-sectional surveys and ecological momentary assessment (EMA). Cross-sectional analyses linked prosocial cooking to greater positive affect—but also higher negative affect—at the between-person level. EMA studies revealed within-person benefits: Individuals reported increased positive affect and subjective happiness—and, in our larger community-based sample, higher self-esteem, vitality, and lower negative affect—during prosocial cooking episodes. However, trait-level associations were modest and inconsistent, emerging most reliably for positive affect. Notably, benefits—including positive affect and self-esteem—were strongest for introverts, supporting a person-activity fit perspective. These findings highlight prosocial cooking as an accessible act conferring well-being gains, and illustrate how EMA captures the impact of kindness in everyday life.