Applied psychology. Health and well-being最新文献

Most healthcare-associated infections are transmitted through the hands of healthcare workers (HCWs). However, handwashing compliance remains a challenge in Taiwan. This study examined handwashing compliance intention among 705 HCWs (103 physicians and 602 nurses), using an extensive set of survey items informed by the Health Belief Model (HBM). Exploratory factor analysis of items measuring the HBM's reflective latent constructs (perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, and perceived barriers) revealed a 10-factor structure, representing distinct dimensions with nuanced differentiation within HBM's original constructs. These 10 factors, along with cues to action (a formative construct), comprised the 11 HBM factors in this study. Perceived benefits of infection prevention emerged as the strongest driver of HCWs' handwashing compliance intention, followed by cues to action. Conversely, perceived barriers—time constraints significantly decreased compliance intention. Stratified comparisons showed that physicians and nurses endorsed different benefits of handwashing and cues to action, highlighting the need for profession-specific interventions. While physicians were motivated by concerns regarding perceived professional competence, nurses were motivated by infection prevention and praise/respect at work. Notably, a hospital policy mandating handwashing also increased compliance intention. Our findings offer practical insights for developing theory-driven and tailored interventions to enhance handwashing compliance among HCWs.

Habit and identity are two key determinants of health behavior maintenance. However, the relationship between habit and identity remains inconsistently interpreted, with empirical findings showing varying correlations. This meta-analytic review aimed to synthesize the effect sizes of the relationship between habit and identity in health behaviors and to further explore the moderators that influence this relationship. A search of eight databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycArticles, PsycINFO, and SPORTDiscus) was conducted up to October 9, 2024. Nineteen articles related to physical activity, healthy eating, and drinking were identified based on eligibility criteria, including 32 effect sizes and a total of 13,340 participants. The results indicated a significant positive correlation between habit and identity with a large effect size (r = 0.55, 95% CI [0.49, 0.74]). A multiple moderator analysis revealed that effect sizes were larger when identity was measured using explicit tests. The moderating effects of different types of health behaviors and geographic location were not sufficiently supported. Limited predictive studies imply that the relationship between habit and identity might not be unidirectional. Finally, this review calls for the integration of knowledge of habit and identity to facilitate the practice of health behavior change.

This study investigates the relationships of mindfulness with subjective well-being and psychological well-being through the mediating role of psychological capital. It also compares the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) and the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) in relation to these outcomes. Using a randomized controlled design, 185 participants from Prolific completed a brief two-week mindfulness intervention, with one pre- and two post-intervention measures. While the intervention effects were limited, the findings reveal that mindfulness is positively and similarly associated with both SWB and PWB, with stronger indirect links to PWB via PsyCap. While both measures of mindfulness had similar relationships with all outcomes, the multidimensional FFMQ offered additional insights, identifying the “describing” facet as particularly influential for both SWB and PWB, informing new potential paths for theorizing and practice.

The present study tested a Disposition-Belief-Motivation model of peri- and post-menopausal health and well-being using a 20-year prospective design from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study. Screening algorithms based on World Health Organization guidelines produced a sample of women that was premenopausal at Time 1, perimenopausal at Time 2, and postmenopausal at Time 3 (N = 247). Prospective path modeling tested the direct and indirect effects of premenopausal factors on peri- and post-menopausal health and well-being. The results showed positive premenopausal attitudes toward aging were directly associated with greater postmenopausal well-being. Older baseline age was indirectly associated with greater postmenopausal well-being through perimenopausal well-being. Greater premenopausal functional ability was indirectly associated with greater self-rated postmenopausal health via greater perimenopausal self-rated health. Although premenopausal factors predicted perimenopausal optimism, coping, and symptoms, none was directly associated with postmenopausal health or well-being. Controlling for perimenopausal health and well-being, the results highlight the roles of greater premenopausal age, greater functional ability, and less concern about fertility, attractiveness, and illness in predicting perceptions of health and well-being across the menopause transition. The finding for aging attitudes, in particular, suggests the importance of reinforcing positive messaging and norms for women's aging and health, rather than medicalizing menopause and its symptoms.

Awe is a mixed emotion that is considered important in the protection of well-being during crisis, such as COVID-19. However, there is limited understanding of the long-term and dynamic effects of awe on well-being and the pathways behind these effects. Drawing on the broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions and the theory of mood-congruent bias, the present study utilized longitudinal and daily diary approaches to investigate the relationship between awe and well-being, as well as the mediating role of attention bias. In longitudinal Study 1, 524 participants (N_female = 365, 69.7%), aged from 18 to 72, completed online surveys three times with 1-month intervals. Cross-lagged analyses demonstrated that awe exerted a significant predictive effect on individuals' well-being. Moreover, positive attention bias served as a mediator in this relationship. In diary Study 2, 183 college students (N_female = 126, 68.85%) completed surveys for 14 consecutive days. The results of Hierarchical Linear Modeling and Multilevel Structural Equation Modeling showed that awe positively predicted individuals' well-being, and positive attention bias mediated this relationship. Taken together, these findings not only deepen our comprehension of the underlying connections between awe and well-being but also offer valuable theoretical insights for developing awe-based intervention measures aimed at improving positive attention bias and well-being.

Stress management plays a vital role in protecting students' mental health. Effective stress management helps them to recognize sources of stress and cope with the problems caused by stress, helping them to become more mentally resilient in the long run. This study was a pretest–posttest randomized controlled psychoeducational intervention in which the effect of stress management training given to first-class health major students on their perceived stress, coping methods and psychological resilience was examined. The study was conducted with 102 associate degree first-class health major students, 51 intervention, and 51 control. Intervention group received stress management training consisting of seven modules for 7 weeks. No intervention was given to the control group. Data were collected using sociodemographic form, perceived stress scale, stress coping methods scale, and short psychological resilience scale. Pre-test and post-tests were administered to both groups. In the analysis of within-group differences of the intervention group, there was a significant decrease in perceived stress scores and a significant increase in coping methods and psychological resilience scores. Between the groups, there was a significant difference in the post-test scores of the intervention group compared to the control group. In the Covariance analysis in which the pre-test effect was controlled, it was determined that the effect of the stress management training on the perceived stress level of the students was 22.1% (large effect), the effect on coping methods with stress was 5.1% (medium effect), and the effect on psychological resilience was 22.6% (large effect) in favor of the intervention group. As a result, stress management training given to health major students decreased their perceived stress levels, improved their coping methods with stress, and increased psychological resilience levels.

This proof-of-concept study investigates the potential of immersive 360° VR nature videos to enhance emotional well-being and nature connectedness, focusing on their use as e-health interventions within social marketing initiatives. The research examined four key variables: (i) presence, or the extent to which participants felt immersed in the VR experience; (ii) emotional responses, measured by changes in participants' positive and negative affect; (iii) user experience, including enjoyment and engagement; and (iv) nature connectedness, reflecting participants' state of connection to the natural world. Using a mixed-method approach, participants (n = 63) engaged with four VR nature videos, with presence, emotional states and nature connectedness measured before and after the experience. Results showed high levels of presence, with participants reporting feelings of calmness, escape and connection to nature. Positive affect increased post-VR, although negative affect remained unchanged. Nature connectedness improved across all participants, highlighting the potential of VR nature experiences to support well-being. Individual differences, such as prior VR experience and gender, influenced perceptions, emphasising the need to tailor interventions. This study provides a foundation for using 360° VR nature videos in social marketing to promote emotional well-being, particularly for those with limited access to natural environments.

Internal migrant children often face dual challenges from both child maltreatment and peer victimization, yet the impact of various profiles of these experiences, along with their developmental transitions, on psychological maladjustment over time remains unclear. To fill these gaps, this study employed latent profile analysis and latent transition analysis to explore the associations between patterns of child maltreatment and peer victimization and psychological maladjustment (including loneliness, depressive symptoms, behavioral problems, and non-suicidal self-injury) and to determine whether changes in these patterns over time predict future psychological maladjustment. The participants comprised 544 Chinese internal migrant children (51.1% male, Mage = 11.75, SD = 1.12) who completed two surveys. At both Time 1 and Time 2, four distinct profiles were identified. The doubly disadvantaged profile was linked to increased loneliness, while no significant differences were observed among the four profiles regarding the other three indicators. Five transitioning profiles were identified: Stable both low profile, fluctuation profile, stable risk profile, exacerbation profile, and mitigation profile. Internal migrant children in distinct transitioning profiles showed different levels of psychological maladjustment. The findings underscore the co-occurring and transitional nature of child maltreatment and peer victimization, emphasizing the necessity for robust family and school support systems to foster optimal mental health for internal migrant children.

In the context of rapid aging development, exploring the predictive factors of older adults' loneliness and its urban–rural differences is of great significance for promoting the psychological health of older adults. This study selected 30 variables from the three waves of China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) data in 2016, 2018, and 2020, using a random forest classifier to explore the predictive factors of loneliness. The sense of loneliness among rural older adults is significantly higher than that of urban older adults. Among the top 10 predictors of loneliness, there are seven common factors in urban and rural, including sleep quality, marital status, confidence in the future, weekly family dinners, life satisfaction, physical discomfort in the past 2 weeks, and relationship with children. The other three different predictive factors for urban older adults are weekly movie and TV duration, family size, and family net worth, while self-rated health, health change, and per capita family income set the rural older adults apart. In addition, the urban–rural differences in the predictive factors of older adults' loneliness show different development trends in the time dimension. Paying attention to the predictive factors that contribute to the high ranking of older adults' loneliness and the widening trend of urban–rural differences is highly required.

This study investigated the possible effect of virtual interpersonal hugging on alleviating individual sad emotion. Using emotional self-assessment and skin conductance responses, we recorded subjective and objective indicators before and after sad emotion induction, and after virtual interpersonal hugging, and assessed the role of (1) the characteristics of hugging, (2) participants' familiarity with the virtual hugging target, and (3) participants' face resemblance and perspective toward the virtual me-avatar initiating the hugging. Results showed that (1) hugging a virtual target, but not the mere action of hugging, improves the regulation of sad emotion, (2) visual information dominates haptic information in the virtual hugging process, (3) facial familiarity of virtual targets of hugging and facial resemblance of the me-avatar to participants do not affect the emotion regulation effect, and (4) first-person perspective of the virtual me-avatar influences both perceived ownership of hugging action and emotion regulation. Overall, virtual interpersonal hugging contributes to the regulation of sad emotion.