Applied psychology. Health and well-being最新文献

According to the self-determination theory, autonomy is a fundamental psychosocial need of individuals, and its fulfilment can lead to positive teacher outcomes, including increased motivation, well-being, and instructional effectiveness. Recent research has indicated that factors such as job demands, job resources, and personal resources are associated with teachers' autonomy satisfaction. This review aims to adopt a meta-analytic approach to exploring the relationships between teachers' job and personal characteristics (job demands, job resources, and personal resources), autonomy satisfaction, and teacher outcomes (work motivation, occupational well-being, and instructional effectiveness) using the random-effects model. A total of 82 studies were analyzed in this review. The results demonstrated that lower job demands, higher job resources, and greater personal resources are linked to increased autonomy satisfaction among teachers, subsequently enhancing their work motivation, occupational well-being, and instructional effectiveness. Moreover, the study also revealed that factors, including theoretical frameworks and publication types, can significantly influence the relationships between teachers' autonomy satisfaction and its antecedents and outcomes.

This study investigated how nudging strategies impact food selection behaviors among university students, focusing on promoting plant-based protein options (i.e., tofu) in a real-world cafeteria setting. Grounded in nudge theory, this two-phase research applied choice architecture to implement three distinct nudges—nutritional labeling (label effect), strategic placement of plant-based options (position effect), and awareness campaigns (exposure effect)—and assess their effectiveness in influencing dietary choices. Employing an iterative research design, phase 1 of this study used a survey to explore students' preferences and perceptions of plant-based proteins. The insights from the survey guided and informed the design of phase 2, a 7-week observational field intervention measuring food selections before, during, and after the application of nudges. Results indicated that combined nudges significantly increased the selection of plant-based options and reduced meat-based choices, with effects persisting post-intervention. This study offers evidence-based recommendations for policymakers, school administrators, and food service operators seeking to promote healthier eating behaviors in higher education environments.

Gym-based programming may be a useful strategy to help people re-establish consistency in their exercise routines and support long-term exercise engagement. However, the effectiveness of gym-based programs for behavior change is understudied. Using a prospective observational design, this study examines changes to participants' workout class attendance during and after an 8-week body composition challenge at three group fitness studios, as well as individual factors that may moderate behavior change. Ninety-one individuals (82.4% female) who were enrolled in the challenge completed an online survey assessing key predictors of exercise behavior identified by prior physical activity research, including prior exercise engagement, instrumental beliefs, enjoyment motives, and integrated regulation. Class attendance data were provided by the studios for the 8 weeks before, during, and after the challenge. This study found that class attendance generally increased for all participants during the challenge, and especially for those who previously attended fewer classes per week. These increases generally were not sustained after the challenge, returning to the same or less than pre-challenge attendance levels. However, declines in class attendance were attenuated by higher enjoyment motives. Findings provide initial insight into the effectiveness of a gym-based body composition challenge for behavior change, suggesting that while such programs might temporarily increase exercise engagement, additional strategies may be needed to sustain behavior change after program completion. Future research using experimental designs is needed to support these findings and better understand who may benefit most from gym-based body composition challenges and gym-based programming more broadly.

Difficulties in emotion regulation are recognized as transdiagnostic processes that contribute to psychological vulnerability, particularly under prolonged adversity such as long-term unemployment. This pilot study assessed the effectiveness of structured emotion regulation training in reducing psychological distress and promoting adaptive regulation strategies among individuals facing prolonged unemployment. Seventy-five adults were randomized to an intervention group (n = 30), which received Affect Regulation Training (ART), or a waitlist control group (n = 45). Participants completed validated self-report measures pre- and post-intervention, including the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), Outcome Questionnaire (OQ-45.2), Psychological Well-Being Scale (PWBS), Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ). Compared with the waitlist control group, the intervention group showed reductions in depressive symptoms and psychological distress, along with improvements in emotion regulation and psychological well-being. These findings support the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of ART in vulnerable populations. This pilot trial provides initial evidence that an intervention targeting emotion regulation can enhance psychological functioning in individuals facing long-term unemployment. While further studies with larger, more diverse samples and longer-term follow-ups are needed, the present preliminary results point to the potential of ART as a scalable, low-intensity, transdiagnostic approach.

Heroin use disorder (HUD) presents significant global health challenges, with cravings, emotional dysregulation, and cognitive impairments being key barriers to successful recovery. This study explores the acute effects of aerobic and resistance exercise on craving, emotional state, attentional bias, and executive functions in individuals with HUD. A crossover design was employed with 30 male participants diagnosed with HUD, each completing three interventions: high-intensity aerobic exercise (AEC), resistance exercise (REC), and a sedentary control condition (SCC). Assessments were conducted at 10 and 50 minutes post-intervention using a VAS for cravings, a Mood Adjective Checklist for emotional state, a dot-probe task for attentional bias, and Stroop, n-back, and More-Odd Switching tasks for executive functions. Results revealed that both AEC and REC significantly reduced craving and initial attentional bias toward drug-related cues. Both exercise conditions also improved emotional states, inhibitory control, and working memory. No significant differences were observed between the two exercise conditions, and neither exercise significantly influenced sustained attentional bias or cognitive flexibility. These findings suggest that both aerobic and resistance exercises are effective in reducing cravings, enhancing mood, and improving executive functions in HUD patients. The results provide support for incorporating structured exercise programs into addiction recovery frameworks to mitigate relapse risks.

Cardiac vagal tone has been associated with mental and physical health and presents opportunities for preventive and therapeutic applications in mental health and cardiovascular medicine. Vagally-mediated heart rate variability (vmHRV), a marker of cardiac vagal tone, has been associated with multiple factors related to well-being. Recent research further suggests that stress regulation, social connection, and lifestyle jointly contribute to improved well-being. In a large-scale study (n = 2252), we measured depressive symptoms, work stress, social support, and physical activity (T1) and then investigated whether these factors were prospectively associated with resting vmHRV measured at the 10-year follow-up assessment (T2). We also investigated whether these factors and their changes from T1 to T2 were associated with resting vmHRV at T2. Results showed that more physical activity was associated with higher resting vmHRV at T2. However, resting vmHRV was not associated with other factors at T2 and in longitudinal analyses. Latent profile analysis revealed that individuals maintaining moderate physical activity over these years showed higher resting vmHRV. This large population-based longitudinal study conducted in Belgium provides important evidence supporting the link between cardiac vagal tone and physical activity but does not support an association with depressive symptoms, work stress, and social support.

Stressful events can adversely affect individuals' well-being and mental health, increasing the likelihood of developing symptoms and psychopathological disorders. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of three brief individual intervention programs—positive cognitive–behavioral, mindfulness, and brief systemic—for reducing emotional distress and enhancing well-being in individuals exposed to a stressful event within the past 3 months. Participants (N = 147) were randomly assigned to one of the three intervention programs or a waiting-list control group. Symptoms of post-traumatic stress and depression, post-traumatic growth (PTG), and life satisfaction were assessed at three points: before the intervention, 1 month after the intervention, and at the 6-month follow-up. Analyses revealed significant improvements across all four variables at post-intervention, with moderate to large effect sizes, and no significant differences between the programs. These findings support the effectiveness of brief intervention programs in reducing emotional distress and enhancing well-being. The contributions and limitations of these brief interventions for individuals exposed to significant life events are discussed.

Under the dual influences of aging and digitization, it is of great significance to reveal the key factors that affect the life satisfaction of older adults in a digital society. This study investigates the determinants of life satisfaction by analyzing survey data from 1,102 older adults in China. Four machine learning algorithms (Regularized Logistic Regression, Random Forest, XGBoost, and Support Vector Machine) were systematically evaluated to identify the most effective predictive model. The XGBoost model demonstrated superior performance. An Interpretable Machine Learning (IML) framework (XGBoost-SHAP-PDP) was then employed to move beyond prediction and explain how these factors operate. The results showed that the feature importance analysis included economic situation, digital competence, digital self-efficacy, and use intensity as the main predictors. The SHAP analysis revealed a significant asymmetry: only digital competence is positively rewarding, while use intensity functions primarily as a one-way penalty for low use, offering no significant positive impact. Furthermore, the PDP analysis identified a non-linear zero-to-activation dynamic, showing that the benefits of digital competence do not appear until a specific proficiency threshold is attained. These findings provide quantitative refinements to digital divide theory, demonstrating that the quality of digital engagement, not the quantity, is the key determinant of life satisfaction. It is necessary to shift from promoting basic access toward intensive training programs designed to help older adults cross this functional competence threshold.

For effective management of extreme rainstorm disasters, a timely understanding of the public emotional perception of risk is crucial to enhancing governmental risk communication and emergency response strategies. Therefore, this study develops a sentiment analysis framework that combines a rainstorm-specific sentiment lexicon with a deep learning model. By utilizing large-scale social media data, the framework further achieves dynamic monitoring and early warning of the public emotional perception of risk during extreme rainstorm events. Specifically, this paper employed text mining techniques to analyze the emotional features of 51,222 Weibo posts related to rainstorm disasters, thereby constructing a specialized sentiment lexicon. The lexicon was then integrated into a TextCNN model to create a knowledge-enhanced hybrid sentiment analysis model. Compared with baseline models including GPT-4o, LLaMA-3, and RoBERTa, this hybrid method achieved optimal performance across all evaluation metrics, with accuracy and F1-score improvements of 10.9% and 9.9%, respectively. Moreover, an empirical analysis of the 2023 Zhuozhou extreme rainstorm disaster validated the framework's efficacy. Findings reveal that our method can effectively monitor the public emotional perception of risk and provide early warning of risk anomalies during severe rainstorms by using the emotion index, which yields valuable insights for governmental bodies to accurately understand public risk perception and the dynamic evolution of disaster scenarios.

Positive exercise experiences are associated with greater health benefits. However, no large-scale synthesis has been conducted to clarify how music influences the affective responses to acute exercise. This study systematically examined the effects of music on affective responses to acute exercise. The Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, and ProQuest databases were systematically searched. A total of 507 effect sizes extracted from 59 studies were included in the multilevel meta-analysis. The results demonstrated that music had a positive effect on affective valence (g = 0.403, 95% CI [0.317, 0.489]) and arousal (g = 0.391, 95% CI [0.252, 0.530]) in response to acute exercise. Moderation analyses revealed that exercise intensity, music tempo, and motivational quality moderated the effects of music on both valence and arousal, while exercise habits moderated the effect on valence. Sex, exercise type, selection, and delivery mode were not significant moderators. This study highlights the important role of music in optimizing exercise experience, which may create favorable conditions for long-term exercise engagement and enhance health benefits.