Applied psychology. Health and well-being最新文献

Heightened stress reactivity, particularly heightened blood pressure (BP) reactivity, during emerging adulthood predicts future adverse cardiovascular health. Coping skill interventions for young adults may buffer against stress reactivity. This study tested the stress-buffering effects of a group-based 40-min compassion skills microintervention compared to a time-matched cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) skills control group. The compassion intervention included psychoeducation about compassion and a guided practice focused on cultivating compassion for a close other and for the self. The CBT skills group included psychoeducation about thoughts, feelings, and behaviors and a guided worksheet activity focused on practicing cognitive reappraisal strategies. Young adults (n = 50) were cluster randomized to the compassion or CBT skills group. Participants attended a lab visit, completed their assigned intervention, and underwent the group-based Trier Social Stress Test (TSST-G). Systolic and diastolic BP, heart rate, self-reported stress, and behavioral responses were assessed. Compared to cognitive reappraisal, participants in the compassion microintervention exhibited lower diastolic BP reactivity, less BP hyperreactivity (i.e., responses ≥20 and ≥15 mmHg for systolic and diastolic BP, respectively) and fewer observable stress behaviors to the TSST-G. Compassion skills are a promising area of research for stress management and cardiovascular health prevention among young adults.

Parents' life satisfaction plays a crucial role in promoting family functioning. This study investigated how children's daily learning behaviors are associated with mothers' life satisfaction, considering parenting styles, such as authoritative and authoritarian parenting. In total, 399 Chinese mothers of young school-aged children (M = 7.9 years old, SD = 0.9 years) participated in a 30-day daily diary study during the COVID-19 lockdown. Multilevel modeling indicated that, at both the between- and within-person levels, mothers reported higher life satisfaction when their children exhibited more positive learning behaviors (i.e. spent more time on schoolwork, participated in more extracurricular activities, displayed more learning concentration, and showed more learning autonomy). Cross-level interactions revealed that within-person changes in children's extracurricular participation were associated with life satisfaction among mothers with lower levels of authoritative parenting. Moreover, associations between children's time spent on schoolwork and mothers' life satisfaction were significant among mothers with lower levels of authoritarian parenting. However, associations between children's learning autonomy and mothers' life satisfaction were stronger among mothers with higher levels of authoritarian parenting. This study contributes to the existing body of literature and provides novel evidence, emphasizing the importance of assessing child and parent characteristics to better support mothers' well-being.

The current empirical study investigates the associations between the text neck syndrome adopted when using a smartphone and the emotions experienced while navigating social networking sites (SNS). These platforms are known to promote social comparison and emphasize self-esteem criticism among adolescents. A total of 113 adolescents (M_age = 15.7, sd = 1.50, 72.6% female) participated in a 3-step experimental procedure: 1) self-report assessment of SNS addiction, smartphone addiction, self-esteem, social comparison, and emotions; 2) random assignment to three experimental groups (i.e., passive use, active use, and control group) and simultaneous observation of the neck angle; 3) self-report assessment of emotions, neck disability, and social comparison. Network analysis and three-way moderation models were used to test our hypotheses. Our findings revealed i) widespread worrying neck posture, ii) an increase in social comparison levels after SNS use, and iii) the direct effect of SNS addiction on neck pain-related disability as well as the moderating effect of social comparison and self-esteem, especially in the passive user group. In conclusion, our multidisciplinary approach seems to be a fruitful way to understand behavioral addictions and increase the current knowledge on the topic. Our results support an empirical approach to carefully consider the fruition of SNS in daily life.

Musician's dystonia (MD) causes a loss of motor control during music performance, with negative consequences on the musician's career. To date, no efficacious treatment has been identified. This qualitative study focuses on the experiences of musicians with MD, exploring the onset and progression of dystonia and the coping strategies that are employed. Thirty-one musicians diagnosed with MD were interviewed, and a reflexive thematic analysis was conducted.

The analysis yielded two themes: “Dystonia…a labyrinth you don't understand how you got in and don't know how to move through” and “The kiss of death for a musician.” The experience of musicians is characterized by pervasive uncertainty, stemming from the unpredictability and ambiguity of symptoms, the absence of clear prognoses, and the lack of effective treatments. This uncertainty is further compounded by the delegitimization from social and professional contexts, as well as from health professionals. MD has resulted in biographical destruction, but over time most participants manage to reconceptualize their identity.

MD should be regarded as a work-related illness with the potential to result in work-related disability. To assist musicians in overcoming the challenges posed by MD, greater societal awareness and specific psychological and social support are necessary.

In response to concerns about excessive homework and off-campus tutoring among Chinese adolescents, the Chinese government recently implemented the nationwide “Double Reduction” (DR) policy to ease their academic burdens. However, the potential protective effects of the DR policy on adolescent mental health remain unclear. This study applied a network approach to examine relationships between several changes post-policy implementation (e.g., reduced homework, more extracurricular activities, increased physical activity, more time with parents, and reduced academic stress) and multiple mental health symptoms (e.g., symptoms of anxiety, depression, and insomnia) in 45,573 adolescents across two waves (i.e., three and eight months post-implementation). Results found consistent network structures over time, with “increased extracurricular activities” and “reduced homework” identified as the most central nodes. The former was most strongly associated with a depressive symptom named “energy loss,” while the latter was most strongly linked to an anxiety symptom named “trouble relaxing.” These findings provide preliminary evidence for the protective effect of the DR policy on adolescent mental health, emphasizing the importance of reducing homework and expanding extracurricular opportunities for adolescents' well-being.

Counterintuitively, many people avoid self-relevant information. Numerous cross-sectional, lab-based empirical studies have found that people avoid information to avoid negative future emotions or when lacking coping resources; however, no studies have explored the day-to-day temporal dynamics of information avoidance. The present two-week daily diary study examined temporal dynamics of U.S. college students' (N = 181; approximately 2,200 diaries) information avoidance in everyday life across different contexts. Participants responded to measures assessing affect, coping resources, and behavior, which were predicted to be bidirectionally associated with information avoidance, building on existing models of information avoidance. Within- and between-person associations were assessed via multilevel models controlling for sociodemographic factors. The average participant avoided information on 30.49% of days, with more within-person than between-person variability. Participants were more likely to avoid information on days on which they reported greater negative affect and believed they had less self-efficacy in the avoided domain (e.g., participants avoided health information when lacking health self-efficacy). Information avoidance was not significantly associated with next-day affect, coping resources, or behavior, perhaps due to the design of the present study. Although null findings are inconsistent with the notion that information avoidance is maladaptive (at least in the short term), future research may explicate the consequences of information avoidance. Further understanding the temporal dynamics of information avoidance can help refine theories and best practices of information dissemination.

Parental supportive behavior (PSB) plays a pivotal role in shaping children's 24-hour movement behaviors (24-HMB), including light physical activity (LPA), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), sedentary screen time (SST), and sleep. However, the psychosocial determinants and the changing process of PSB remain understudied. Using a three-wave prospective design over four months, this study examined the psychosocial mechanisms of PSB towards children's 24-HMB based on an adapted health action process approach (HAPA) framework among 812 parents (36.61 ± 3.80 years; 68.7% female). The adapted HAPA model demonstrated acceptable fit indices (CFI = .952–.980, TLI = .946–.967), incorporating the original HAPA model along with past behavior and affective attitude. The model explained 31.6%–54.8% of the variance in PSB across the four outcomes (LPA, MVPA, SST, and sleep). Motivational self-efficacy and outcome expectancy consistently predicted intentions, while intentions and action control emerged as stable predictors of PSB across all four outcomes. The prediction of planning, and volitional self-efficacy on PSB varied by movement behaviors. Both past behavior and positive affective attitude were directly associated with PSB, while their inclusion attenuated most pathways in the original HAPA model. Further, intention and action control served as prominent mediators between past behavior, affective attitude, and PSB across all outcomes. Future research could leverage the adapted HAPA framework to guide the development of parent-based interventions aimed at improving children's 24-HMB.

Research shows that skills for improving Psychological Well-Being (PWB) may be learned through PWB interventions; however, the dynamic mechanisms underlying this learning process are not well understood. Using an Ecological Momentary Intervention (EMI) design, we conducted an 8-week Randomized Controlled Trial (N = 160; aged 18–22 years), implemented in a mobile Health (mHealth) platform to characterize these dynamical mechanisms. College-attending early adults were randomized to three groups: an active control group (N = 55); an intervention group (N = 51) with positive practices intervention; and a second intervention group (N = 54) with positive practices and meditation intervention. The mHealth implementation allowed us to introduce the interventions in participants' daily lives while also assessing their PWB (in terms of positive emotions and relationship quality) several times a day. We used a Bayesian process model to analyze changes in PWB in terms of the underlying dynamical characteristics of change. Findings suggested that the mobile assessment tool itself may have longitudinally improved college-attending early adults' PWB, as evidenced by instances of directional changes in dynamic characteristics (increased within-person mean levels, decreased intra-individual variability, and increased regulation) of PWB measures. Moderation analysis also revealed that people who were low on negative affect improved the most in terms of their mean levels of positive emotions and relationship quality.

While there is consistent evidence that the symptoms reported by people who experience Idiopathic Environmental Intolerance attributed to Electromagnetic Fields (IEI-EMF) are closely associated with a nocebo effect, and that alarmist media reports may contribute to this nocebo effect, some methodological criticisms remain to be resolved. This study aimed to replicate previous findings and determine whether viewing an alarmist media report and being openly exposed to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) could induce a salivary cortisol response. A total of 144 participants were randomly assigned to watch either an alarmist or control video before completing an open-label provocation trial where they were either exposed or not exposed to RF-EMF. Personality factors, RF-EMF risk perception (pre- and post-video), symptoms and salivary cortisol were assessed. Consistent with previous studies, participants who were aware that they were being exposed had increased symptoms compared to participants who were aware they were not being exposed. However, the current study failed to replicate an effect of viewing an alarmist media report and being openly exposed to RF-EMF on symptoms and failed to identify an effect on salivary cortisol. This suggests that awareness and belief of exposure play a more important role in symptom perception than underlying physiological processes.