Yuqi Sun, Si Chen, Jun-Yu Huang, Yuh-Renn Wu, Neil C. Greenham
Perovskite light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have emerged as a potential solution-processible technology that can offer efficient light emission with high color purity. Here, we explore the device physics of perovskite LEDs using simple analytical and drift-diffusion modeling, aiming to understand how the distribution of electric field, carrier densities, and recombination in these devices differs from those assumed in other technologies such as organic LEDs. High barriers to electron and hole extraction are responsible for the efficient recombination and lead to sharp build-up of electrons and holes close to the electron- and hole-blocking barriers, respectively. Despite the strongly varying carrier distributions, bimolecular recombination is surprisingly uniform throughout the device thickness, consistent with the assumption typically made in optical models. The current density is largely determined by injection from the metal electrodes, with a balance of electron and hole injection maintained by redistribution of electric field within the device by build-up of space charge.
{"title":"Device physics of perovskite light-emitting diodes","authors":"Yuqi Sun, Si Chen, Jun-Yu Huang, Yuh-Renn Wu, Neil C. Greenham","doi":"10.1063/5.0228117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0228117","url":null,"abstract":"Perovskite light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have emerged as a potential solution-processible technology that can offer efficient light emission with high color purity. Here, we explore the device physics of perovskite LEDs using simple analytical and drift-diffusion modeling, aiming to understand how the distribution of electric field, carrier densities, and recombination in these devices differs from those assumed in other technologies such as organic LEDs. High barriers to electron and hole extraction are responsible for the efficient recombination and lead to sharp build-up of electrons and holes close to the electron- and hole-blocking barriers, respectively. Despite the strongly varying carrier distributions, bimolecular recombination is surprisingly uniform throughout the device thickness, consistent with the assumption typically made in optical models. The current density is largely determined by injection from the metal electrodes, with a balance of electron and hole injection maintained by redistribution of electric field within the device by build-up of space charge.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142594361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jingyan Cai, Zhiao Wu, Sangni Wang, Jiayue Guo, Miao Fan, Weilin Xu, Huanyu Jin, Jun Wan
The rapid pace of technology and increasing energy demands underscore the urgent need for eco-friendly materials with exceptional energy conversion and storage capabilities. Two-dimensional (2D) energy materials, characterized by unique physicochemical properties, hold great promise in renewable energy conversion, catalysis, and electronics. Nevertheless, conventional synthesis methods often falter in balancing high quality, high yield, and cost-effectiveness, presenting substantial obstacles to their large-scale application. Microwave-assisted synthesis, characterized by its rapid and efficient process, emerges as a promising approach to surmount these limitations. This review meticulously examines the pivotal role of microwave-assisted synthesis in the preparation of 2D materials, highlighting its profound impact on enhancing material quality and production efficiency. By scrutinizing the unique physical properties of microwaves and their applications in material synthesis, the review elucidates the innovative contributions of microwave technology to materials science. Furthermore, it delves into the intricate influence of microwave parameter control on the synthesis process and resultant material properties, offering insight into the potential of microwave technology for the precise modulation of material structure and functionality. This comprehensive analysis underscores microwave-assisted synthesis as a viable solution for overcoming current challenges, thereby advancing the development of high-performance 2D energy materials.
{"title":"Exploring advanced microwave strategy for the synthesis of two-dimensional energy materials","authors":"Jingyan Cai, Zhiao Wu, Sangni Wang, Jiayue Guo, Miao Fan, Weilin Xu, Huanyu Jin, Jun Wan","doi":"10.1063/5.0231081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0231081","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid pace of technology and increasing energy demands underscore the urgent need for eco-friendly materials with exceptional energy conversion and storage capabilities. Two-dimensional (2D) energy materials, characterized by unique physicochemical properties, hold great promise in renewable energy conversion, catalysis, and electronics. Nevertheless, conventional synthesis methods often falter in balancing high quality, high yield, and cost-effectiveness, presenting substantial obstacles to their large-scale application. Microwave-assisted synthesis, characterized by its rapid and efficient process, emerges as a promising approach to surmount these limitations. This review meticulously examines the pivotal role of microwave-assisted synthesis in the preparation of 2D materials, highlighting its profound impact on enhancing material quality and production efficiency. By scrutinizing the unique physical properties of microwaves and their applications in material synthesis, the review elucidates the innovative contributions of microwave technology to materials science. Furthermore, it delves into the intricate influence of microwave parameter control on the synthesis process and resultant material properties, offering insight into the potential of microwave technology for the precise modulation of material structure and functionality. This comprehensive analysis underscores microwave-assisted synthesis as a viable solution for overcoming current challenges, thereby advancing the development of high-performance 2D energy materials.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142594364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hao Yu, Alexander O. Govorov, Hai-Zhi Song, Zhiming Wang
Encoding and processing quantum information in the time-of-arrival of photons offer significant advantages for quantum information science and technology. These advantages include ease of experimental realization, robustness over photon state transmission, and compatibility with existing telecommunication infrastructure. Additionally, time-of-arrival encoding has the potential for high-rate quantum communication and holds promise for the future development of quantum internet. This review explores the generation, processing, and applications of time-encoded quantum states, focusing on both single-photon states, energy–time entanglement, and time-bin entanglement. We summarize the nonlinear optics platforms and advanced laser and modulation techniques utilized for photon sources that enable quantum information encoding onto the photons' time-of-arrival. We also highlight advanced quantum state processing methods in the time domain, including the Franson interferometry, optical switch-based schemes, and state-of-the-art measurement and detection schemes that allow for high-speed and multi-dimensional quantum operations. Finally, we review the mainstream implementations mainly including the quantum communication demonstrations and outline future directions for developing practical quantum networks leveraging time-encoded photon states.
{"title":"Time-encoded photonic quantum states: Generation, processing, and applications","authors":"Hao Yu, Alexander O. Govorov, Hai-Zhi Song, Zhiming Wang","doi":"10.1063/5.0232085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0232085","url":null,"abstract":"Encoding and processing quantum information in the time-of-arrival of photons offer significant advantages for quantum information science and technology. These advantages include ease of experimental realization, robustness over photon state transmission, and compatibility with existing telecommunication infrastructure. Additionally, time-of-arrival encoding has the potential for high-rate quantum communication and holds promise for the future development of quantum internet. This review explores the generation, processing, and applications of time-encoded quantum states, focusing on both single-photon states, energy–time entanglement, and time-bin entanglement. We summarize the nonlinear optics platforms and advanced laser and modulation techniques utilized for photon sources that enable quantum information encoding onto the photons' time-of-arrival. We also highlight advanced quantum state processing methods in the time domain, including the Franson interferometry, optical switch-based schemes, and state-of-the-art measurement and detection schemes that allow for high-speed and multi-dimensional quantum operations. Finally, we review the mainstream implementations mainly including the quantum communication demonstrations and outline future directions for developing practical quantum networks leveraging time-encoded photon states.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142588957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shuge Dai, Zhuanglong Lin, Hao Hu, Ye Wang, Longhui Zeng
Additive manufacturing, commonly known as 3D printing, is an innovative technique for fabricating batteries with arbitrary architectures. Understanding the intricacies of 3D printing designs in sodium battery materials is crucial for optimizing their electrochemical properties and unlocking the full potential of 3D printed sodium batteries. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the key aspects involved in the fabrication of 3D printed sodium batteries, encompassing material selectivity criterion, design considerations, and optimization strategies. Challenges and prospects for the fabrication of high-performance 3D printed sodium batteries are outlined, aiming to provide valuable insights into new conception and theoretical guidance for the design and performance optimization of composites by 3D printing for the practical application of sodium batteries in the future.
{"title":"3D printing for sodium batteries: From material design to integrated devices","authors":"Shuge Dai, Zhuanglong Lin, Hao Hu, Ye Wang, Longhui Zeng","doi":"10.1063/5.0232592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0232592","url":null,"abstract":"Additive manufacturing, commonly known as 3D printing, is an innovative technique for fabricating batteries with arbitrary architectures. Understanding the intricacies of 3D printing designs in sodium battery materials is crucial for optimizing their electrochemical properties and unlocking the full potential of 3D printed sodium batteries. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the key aspects involved in the fabrication of 3D printed sodium batteries, encompassing material selectivity criterion, design considerations, and optimization strategies. Challenges and prospects for the fabrication of high-performance 3D printed sodium batteries are outlined, aiming to provide valuable insights into new conception and theoretical guidance for the design and performance optimization of composites by 3D printing for the practical application of sodium batteries in the future.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142588965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Minjun Kim, Kwang Keat Leong, Nasim Amiralian, Yoshio Bando, Tansir Ahamad, Saad M. Alshehri, Yusuke Yamauchi
This review aims to offer strategic synthesis of new carbon materials under the thematic concept of “nanoarchitectonics” applied to metal-organic framework (MOF)-derived porous carbons. The background tracing of carbon materials in terms of the development of carbon microstructure is outlined first to offer the microstructural level of understanding of traditional carbons as well as recent MOF-derived porous carbons. Subsequently, we present the discussion on the effect of nanopore size on the formation of an electrical double layer, and justify the electrochemical rationale behind the need for nanoarchitecturing of porous carbon materials. Traditional synthetic strategies of template-free and template-based methods and the previous porous carbon materials are also discussed as the potential synthetic methods and approaches available for nanoarchitecturing of MOF-derived porous carbons. Various examples of nanoarchitectured MOF-derived porous carbons are then presented and discussed based on the careful categorization into template-free methods including bottom–up and top–down approaches and template-based methods including hard- and soft-template approaches. This review therefore aims to summarize and extend the current knowledge of nanoarchitectured MOF-derived porous carbons to offer intuitions and innovations toward future carbon materials. We also offer future directions with considerations on the challenges and innovations in the current field of nanoarchitectured MOF-derived porous carbons.
{"title":"Nanoarchitectured MOF-derived porous carbons: Road to future carbon materials","authors":"Minjun Kim, Kwang Keat Leong, Nasim Amiralian, Yoshio Bando, Tansir Ahamad, Saad M. Alshehri, Yusuke Yamauchi","doi":"10.1063/5.0213150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0213150","url":null,"abstract":"This review aims to offer strategic synthesis of new carbon materials under the thematic concept of “nanoarchitectonics” applied to metal-organic framework (MOF)-derived porous carbons. The background tracing of carbon materials in terms of the development of carbon microstructure is outlined first to offer the microstructural level of understanding of traditional carbons as well as recent MOF-derived porous carbons. Subsequently, we present the discussion on the effect of nanopore size on the formation of an electrical double layer, and justify the electrochemical rationale behind the need for nanoarchitecturing of porous carbon materials. Traditional synthetic strategies of template-free and template-based methods and the previous porous carbon materials are also discussed as the potential synthetic methods and approaches available for nanoarchitecturing of MOF-derived porous carbons. Various examples of nanoarchitectured MOF-derived porous carbons are then presented and discussed based on the careful categorization into template-free methods including bottom–up and top–down approaches and template-based methods including hard- and soft-template approaches. This review therefore aims to summarize and extend the current knowledge of nanoarchitectured MOF-derived porous carbons to offer intuitions and innovations toward future carbon materials. We also offer future directions with considerations on the challenges and innovations in the current field of nanoarchitectured MOF-derived porous carbons.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142588959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Understanding contact mechanics and adhesion processes in thin films and micro-structured materials is fundamental in phonon and heat transport phenomena and is ubiquitous for the miniaturization of mechanical and thermal devices as well as the design/functionalization of structured surfaces and membranes. Acoustic-based methods are of great interest in this context since they provide a nondestructive mean to probe interface quality and adhesion, at various scales. In particular, Laser Ultrasonics (LU) techniques allow the generation of broadband acoustic pulses with a frequency content extending up to a few THz due to the thermoelastic expansion induced by the absorption of short laser pulses. In this review, we will explore the specificities of the LU generation/detection schemes and the unusual wide frequency range that make these opto-acoustic techniques a unique tool to study adhesion processes from micro- to nanoscales, and in a variety of systems, ranging from continuous films and coatings to nano-objects. Because the size of the contact area with respect to the acoustic wavelength dictates the acoustic dispersion, we will describe separately continuous structures, in which the contact is large, before discussing micro- and nanostructured media, where the contact is localized.
了解薄膜和微结构材料中的接触力学和粘附过程是声子和热传输现象的基础，对于机械和热设备的微型化以及结构表面和薄膜的设计/功能化来说无处不在。在这种情况下，基于声学的方法具有极大的意义，因为它们提供了一种无损的方法来探测各种尺度的界面质量和附着力。特别是激光超声（LU）技术，由于吸收短激光脉冲后会产生热弹性膨胀，因此可以产生频率高达几太赫兹的宽带声脉冲。在这篇综述中，我们将探讨 LU 生成/检测方案的特殊性和不寻常的宽频率范围，这使得这些光声技术成为研究从微米到纳米尺度以及从连续薄膜和涂层到纳米物体等各种系统中粘附过程的独特工具。由于接触区域相对于声波波长的大小决定了声波色散的大小，因此我们将分别描述接触面积较大的连续结构，然后再讨论接触局部的微结构和纳米结构介质。
{"title":"Progress in laser ultrasonics evaluation of micro- and nanoscale interfacial mechanics","authors":"Maroun Abi Ghanem, Thomas Dehoux","doi":"10.1063/5.0220082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0220082","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding contact mechanics and adhesion processes in thin films and micro-structured materials is fundamental in phonon and heat transport phenomena and is ubiquitous for the miniaturization of mechanical and thermal devices as well as the design/functionalization of structured surfaces and membranes. Acoustic-based methods are of great interest in this context since they provide a nondestructive mean to probe interface quality and adhesion, at various scales. In particular, Laser Ultrasonics (LU) techniques allow the generation of broadband acoustic pulses with a frequency content extending up to a few THz due to the thermoelastic expansion induced by the absorption of short laser pulses. In this review, we will explore the specificities of the LU generation/detection schemes and the unusual wide frequency range that make these opto-acoustic techniques a unique tool to study adhesion processes from micro- to nanoscales, and in a variety of systems, ranging from continuous films and coatings to nano-objects. Because the size of the contact area with respect to the acoustic wavelength dictates the acoustic dispersion, we will describe separately continuous structures, in which the contact is large, before discussing micro- and nanostructured media, where the contact is localized.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142563078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Metamaterials, a kind of novel materials with artificial design, have exhibited extraordinary properties that cannot be found in nature. In the past decade, remarkable achievements have been made in the field of metamaterial-based photodetectors. However, there is hardly any systematic and thorough review of the metamaterials' recent development in photodetection devices. Herein, we summarized recent advances in the metamaterial-based photodetectors according to a dual role of metamaterials: enrichment of photodetection functionalities and enhancement of photodetection performance. To start with, we presented an overview of the relevant concept of metamaterials and explore their distinctive optical characteristics. Subsequently, we delved into the work mechanism and figures of merit of metamaterial-based photodetectors. Next, we highlighted various types of metamaterials as a flexible platform for advanced photodetection technology, including metasurface, graphene-metamaterial hybrids, patterned nanostructures, and van der Waals metamaterials. Finally, the challenges and outlook associated with future developments were systematically and deeply discussed based on the current state of research. We believe that this review will offer crucial insights and valuable guidance, paving the way for future advancements and in-depth investigations in the realm of metamaterial-based photodetectors.
{"title":"Metamaterials for high-performance photodetectors","authors":"Xiwei Zhang, Wenzheng Li, Fengsong Xie, Ke Wang, Ganke Li, Shuli Liu, Mengyu Wang, Zhenjie Tang, Longhui Zeng","doi":"10.1063/5.0223521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0223521","url":null,"abstract":"Metamaterials, a kind of novel materials with artificial design, have exhibited extraordinary properties that cannot be found in nature. In the past decade, remarkable achievements have been made in the field of metamaterial-based photodetectors. However, there is hardly any systematic and thorough review of the metamaterials' recent development in photodetection devices. Herein, we summarized recent advances in the metamaterial-based photodetectors according to a dual role of metamaterials: enrichment of photodetection functionalities and enhancement of photodetection performance. To start with, we presented an overview of the relevant concept of metamaterials and explore their distinctive optical characteristics. Subsequently, we delved into the work mechanism and figures of merit of metamaterial-based photodetectors. Next, we highlighted various types of metamaterials as a flexible platform for advanced photodetection technology, including metasurface, graphene-metamaterial hybrids, patterned nanostructures, and van der Waals metamaterials. Finally, the challenges and outlook associated with future developments were systematically and deeply discussed based on the current state of research. We believe that this review will offer crucial insights and valuable guidance, paving the way for future advancements and in-depth investigations in the realm of metamaterial-based photodetectors.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142563079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Ruf, C. Puglia, T. Elalaily, G. De Simoni, F. Joint, M. Berke, J. Koch, A. Iorio, S. Khorshidian, P. Makk, S. Gasparinetti, S. Csonka, W. Belzig, M. Cuoco, F. Giazotto, E. Scheer, A. Di Bernardo
In conventional metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) electronics, the logic state of a device is set by a gate voltage (VG). The superconducting equivalent of such effect had remained unknown until it was recently shown that a VG can tune the superconducting current (supercurrent) flowing through a nanoconstriction in a superconductor. This gate-controlled supercurrent (GCS) can lead to superconducting logics like CMOS logics, but with lower energy dissipation. The physical mechanism underlying the GCS, however, remains under debate. In this review article, we illustrate the main mechanisms proposed for the GCS, and the material and device parameters that mostly affect it based on the evidence reported. We conclude that different mechanisms are at play in the different studies reported so far. We then outline studies that can help answer open questions on the effect and achieve control over it, which is key for applications. We finally give insights into the impact that the GCS can have toward high-performance computing with low-energy dissipation and quantum technologies.
{"title":"Gate control of superconducting current: Mechanisms, parameters, and technological potential","authors":"L. Ruf, C. Puglia, T. Elalaily, G. De Simoni, F. Joint, M. Berke, J. Koch, A. Iorio, S. Khorshidian, P. Makk, S. Gasparinetti, S. Csonka, W. Belzig, M. Cuoco, F. Giazotto, E. Scheer, A. Di Bernardo","doi":"10.1063/5.0222371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0222371","url":null,"abstract":"In conventional metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) electronics, the logic state of a device is set by a gate voltage (VG). The superconducting equivalent of such effect had remained unknown until it was recently shown that a VG can tune the superconducting current (supercurrent) flowing through a nanoconstriction in a superconductor. This gate-controlled supercurrent (GCS) can lead to superconducting logics like CMOS logics, but with lower energy dissipation. The physical mechanism underlying the GCS, however, remains under debate. In this review article, we illustrate the main mechanisms proposed for the GCS, and the material and device parameters that mostly affect it based on the evidence reported. We conclude that different mechanisms are at play in the different studies reported so far. We then outline studies that can help answer open questions on the effect and achieve control over it, which is key for applications. We finally give insights into the impact that the GCS can have toward high-performance computing with low-energy dissipation and quantum technologies.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142562114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Developing single-pixel full-color liquid crystal displays (LCDs) that do not require orientation layers and color filters is highly desirable since this would allow to better optimize their image resolution and light utilization efficiency while considerably reducing fabrication cost. However, so far, organic polymers have shown only limited color modulation range and inorganic materials have mostly been limited to on-and-off switches. Here, we report single-pixel full-color modulation along with gray scale control in electrically responsive two-dimensional (2D) inorganic sheets using α-ZrP and Ca2Nb3O10 as our model materials. We demonstrate modulation of transmitted light spanning the entire visible spectrum at an ultralow driving electric field strength (below 10.4 V mm−1), which is one to two orders of magnitude lower than required for conventional organic liquid crystals. We attribute this unusually high performance to the surface charge, the ultra-small thickness, and the large electro-optic anisotropy of the 2D sheets used in this study. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of an LCD that efficiently combines gray scale and full-color modulation without the need for color filters or orientation layers. Our work thus opens the door to new types of LCDs and the simplicity of our setup allows its potential integration in various other information and image display systems.
开发无需定向层和彩色滤光片的单像素全彩液晶显示器（LCD）是非常理想的，因为这样可以更好地优化图像分辨率和光利用效率，同时大大降低制造成本。然而，迄今为止，有机聚合物显示的色彩调制范围有限，无机材料大多局限于开关。在此，我们以 α-ZrP 和 Ca2Nb3O10 为模型材料，报告了电响应二维（2D）无机薄片的单像素全色调制和灰度控制。我们展示了在超低驱动电场强度（低于 10.4 V mm-1）下对整个可见光谱的透射光进行调制，这比传统有机液晶所需的强度低一到两个数量级。我们将这种非同寻常的高性能归功于本研究中使用的二维薄片的表面电荷、超小型厚度和巨大的电光各向异性。据我们所知，这是首次展示无需彩色滤光片或定向层就能有效结合灰度和全彩调制的液晶显示器。因此，我们的工作开启了新型液晶显示器的大门，而且我们的装置非常简单，可以将其集成到其他各种信息和图像显示系统中。
{"title":"Inorganic nanosheets-based electro-optic devices with single-pixel full-color and gray scale control","authors":"Zhiwei Chen, Zhigang Zhao, Ling Ding, Yaowu Li, Yanan Zhang, Zhenyong Wang, Jinyu Zhou, Ruijia Wang, Wenbin Gong, Zhaochuan Fan, Song Chen, Xiaohong Zhang, Fengxia Geng","doi":"10.1063/5.0219299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0219299","url":null,"abstract":"Developing single-pixel full-color liquid crystal displays (LCDs) that do not require orientation layers and color filters is highly desirable since this would allow to better optimize their image resolution and light utilization efficiency while considerably reducing fabrication cost. However, so far, organic polymers have shown only limited color modulation range and inorganic materials have mostly been limited to on-and-off switches. Here, we report single-pixel full-color modulation along with gray scale control in electrically responsive two-dimensional (2D) inorganic sheets using α-ZrP and Ca2Nb3O10 as our model materials. We demonstrate modulation of transmitted light spanning the entire visible spectrum at an ultralow driving electric field strength (below 10.4 V mm−1), which is one to two orders of magnitude lower than required for conventional organic liquid crystals. We attribute this unusually high performance to the surface charge, the ultra-small thickness, and the large electro-optic anisotropy of the 2D sheets used in this study. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of an LCD that efficiently combines gray scale and full-color modulation without the need for color filters or orientation layers. Our work thus opens the door to new types of LCDs and the simplicity of our setup allows its potential integration in various other information and image display systems.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142562117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Discovering light dosimeters that can function effectively from liquid nitrogen temperature to 700 K presents significant challenges. Such dosimeters facilitate a range of cutting-edge applications, including anti-counterfeiting measures at low temperature for cryo-preservation. To facilitate such discovery, stacked vacuum referred binding energy diagrams for the LiYGeO4 cluster of crystals have been first constructed. They offer a robust method for controlling both electron and hole trapping depth in the LiYGeO4 cluster of crystals. Wide temperature shifting of Bi2+ and Eu2+ thermoluminescence (TL) glow bands emerges from 200 to 500 K for LiYxLu1-xGeO4:0.01Bi3+ and LiYxLu1-xGeO4:0.01Bi3+, 0.001Eu3+, by changing x, facilitating conduction band tailoring. Wide temperature shifting of Bi4+ TL glow bands emerges from 300 to 700 K for LiYGezSi1-zO4:0.01Bi3+, by tuning z, facilitating valence band tailoring. TL glow band peaks near 135, 185, 232, and 311 K emerge in LiyNa1-yYGeO4: 0.001Bi3+. Particularly, the discovered Bi3+ or/and lanthanide modified LiYGeO4 cluster of crystals exhibit superior charge carrier storage capacity and minimal TL fading properties. For instance, the ratio of TL intensity of the optimized LiYGe0.75Si0.25O4:0.001Bi3+ to that of industrial BaFBr(I):Eu2+ is as high as ∼4. Interestingly, imaging of intense optically driven Bi3+ ultraviolet-A (UVA) luminescence has been validated in 254 nm energized LiY0.25Lu0.75GeO4:0.01Bi3+ with a 100 lux white LED illumination. Together with ZnS:Mn2+, LiTaO3:Bi3+, Sm3+, and Cs2ZrCl6:Sb3+ perovskites, the realization of wide range liquid nitrogen temperature to 700 K Bi3+ thermoluminescence in Bi3+ or/and lanthanide modified LiYGeO4 cluster of crystals with superior charge carrier storage capacity offers promising use for versatile anti-counterfeiting, information storage, and delayed x-ray imaging purposes.
{"title":"Liquid nitrogen temperature to 700 K Bi3+ thermoluminescence: Toward wide-temperature-range light dosimeters for versatile anti-counterfeiting, information storage, and x-ray imaging","authors":"Tianshuai Lyu, Pieter Dorenbos","doi":"10.1063/5.0224280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0224280","url":null,"abstract":"Discovering light dosimeters that can function effectively from liquid nitrogen temperature to 700 K presents significant challenges. Such dosimeters facilitate a range of cutting-edge applications, including anti-counterfeiting measures at low temperature for cryo-preservation. To facilitate such discovery, stacked vacuum referred binding energy diagrams for the LiYGeO4 cluster of crystals have been first constructed. They offer a robust method for controlling both electron and hole trapping depth in the LiYGeO4 cluster of crystals. Wide temperature shifting of Bi2+ and Eu2+ thermoluminescence (TL) glow bands emerges from 200 to 500 K for LiYxLu1-xGeO4:0.01Bi3+ and LiYxLu1-xGeO4:0.01Bi3+, 0.001Eu3+, by changing x, facilitating conduction band tailoring. Wide temperature shifting of Bi4+ TL glow bands emerges from 300 to 700 K for LiYGezSi1-zO4:0.01Bi3+, by tuning z, facilitating valence band tailoring. TL glow band peaks near 135, 185, 232, and 311 K emerge in LiyNa1-yYGeO4: 0.001Bi3+. Particularly, the discovered Bi3+ or/and lanthanide modified LiYGeO4 cluster of crystals exhibit superior charge carrier storage capacity and minimal TL fading properties. For instance, the ratio of TL intensity of the optimized LiYGe0.75Si0.25O4:0.001Bi3+ to that of industrial BaFBr(I):Eu2+ is as high as ∼4. Interestingly, imaging of intense optically driven Bi3+ ultraviolet-A (UVA) luminescence has been validated in 254 nm energized LiY0.25Lu0.75GeO4:0.01Bi3+ with a 100 lux white LED illumination. Together with ZnS:Mn2+, LiTaO3:Bi3+, Sm3+, and Cs2ZrCl6:Sb3+ perovskites, the realization of wide range liquid nitrogen temperature to 700 K Bi3+ thermoluminescence in Bi3+ or/and lanthanide modified LiYGeO4 cluster of crystals with superior charge carrier storage capacity offers promising use for versatile anti-counterfeiting, information storage, and delayed x-ray imaging purposes.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142562113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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