Relaxation processes play a crucial role in glassy materials. However, current dielectric or mechanical spectroscopy typically reaches a lower limit of around 10−1 or 10−2 Hz, which restricts the exploration of long-time dynamics and stability. Here, we propose a mechanical protocol that enables the probing of relaxation processes down to 10−5 Hz, extending the lower limit by ∼3–4 orders of magnitude. The effectiveness of this method is demonstrated in investigating metallic glasses, where the primary and secondary relaxations are detected over an extended timescale. An additional relaxation process has been captured below 10−4 Hz, indicating the emergence of more complex relaxation phenomena over longer timescales. This progress in probing long-term dynamics opens up new possibilities for advancing glassy physics and material properties.
{"title":"Probing slow glass dynamics down to 10−5 Hz","authors":"Xi-Ming Yang, Qun Yang, Tao Zhang, Hai-Bin Yu","doi":"10.1063/5.0206556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0206556","url":null,"abstract":"Relaxation processes play a crucial role in glassy materials. However, current dielectric or mechanical spectroscopy typically reaches a lower limit of around 10−1 or 10−2 Hz, which restricts the exploration of long-time dynamics and stability. Here, we propose a mechanical protocol that enables the probing of relaxation processes down to 10−5 Hz, extending the lower limit by ∼3–4 orders of magnitude. The effectiveness of this method is demonstrated in investigating metallic glasses, where the primary and secondary relaxations are detected over an extended timescale. An additional relaxation process has been captured below 10−4 Hz, indicating the emergence of more complex relaxation phenomena over longer timescales. This progress in probing long-term dynamics opens up new possibilities for advancing glassy physics and material properties.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142385248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jacob P. Quint, Evelyn Mollocana-Lara, Mohamadmahdi Samandari, Su Ryon Shin, Indranil Sinha, Ali Tamayol
In vivo bioprinting, fabricating tissue-engineered implants directly in a patient, was recently developed to overcome the logistical and clinical limitations of traditional bioprinting. In vivo printing reduces the time to treatment, allows for real-time reconstructive adjustments, minimizes transportation challenges, improves adhesion to remnant tissue and ensuing tissue integration, and utilizes the body as a bioreactor. Unfortunately, most in vivo printers are frame-based systems with limited working areas that are incompatible with the human body and lack portability. Robotic arms have recently been used to resolve these challenges, but developed systems suffered from complex deposition or cross-linking modalities and lacked bioink temperature control, drastically limiting the use of biologically favorable bioinks. Here, we created a portable and affordable robotic arm bioprinter with precise control over bioink temperature. The system maintained biomaterial ink temperatures from 6 to 60 ± 0.05 °C. We tested a bioprinting optimization strategy with different temperature-sensitive bioinks. In addition, we engineered a personalized in vivo printing strategy derived from in situ scanning and model reconstruction that utilizes freely available and open-source software. We further demonstrated the benefits of human-derived bioinks made of blood components. The system and the proposed human-derived bioinks pave the way toward the personalization of scaffold-based regenerative medicine.
{"title":"A robotic arm with open-source reconstructive workflow for in vivo bioprinting of patient-specific scaffolds","authors":"Jacob P. Quint, Evelyn Mollocana-Lara, Mohamadmahdi Samandari, Su Ryon Shin, Indranil Sinha, Ali Tamayol","doi":"10.1063/5.0197123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0197123","url":null,"abstract":"In vivo bioprinting, fabricating tissue-engineered implants directly in a patient, was recently developed to overcome the logistical and clinical limitations of traditional bioprinting. In vivo printing reduces the time to treatment, allows for real-time reconstructive adjustments, minimizes transportation challenges, improves adhesion to remnant tissue and ensuing tissue integration, and utilizes the body as a bioreactor. Unfortunately, most in vivo printers are frame-based systems with limited working areas that are incompatible with the human body and lack portability. Robotic arms have recently been used to resolve these challenges, but developed systems suffered from complex deposition or cross-linking modalities and lacked bioink temperature control, drastically limiting the use of biologically favorable bioinks. Here, we created a portable and affordable robotic arm bioprinter with precise control over bioink temperature. The system maintained biomaterial ink temperatures from 6 to 60 ± 0.05 °C. We tested a bioprinting optimization strategy with different temperature-sensitive bioinks. In addition, we engineered a personalized in vivo printing strategy derived from in situ scanning and model reconstruction that utilizes freely available and open-source software. We further demonstrated the benefits of human-derived bioinks made of blood components. The system and the proposed human-derived bioinks pave the way toward the personalization of scaffold-based regenerative medicine.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142385424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Suk Hyun Lee, Han Sol Park, Seong Jae Shin, In Soo Lee, Seung Kyu Ryoo, Seungyong Byun, Kyung Do Kim, Taehwan Moon, Cheol Seong Hwang
This study presents an in-depth analysis of ferro-resistive switching (FRS) behaviors in a TiN/Hf0.5Zr0.5O2(HZO)/WOx/W ferroelectric tunnel junction (FTJ) device, with a particular focus on the role of the tungsten oxide (WOx) interface layer (IL). Structural examinations confirm the presence of the WOx IL, which significantly influences the FRS properties of the device. Electrical measurements indicate the devices exhibit stable and reproducible FRS characteristics with an ON/OFF ratio of 9.7, predominantly attributed to the tunneling electro-resistance (TER) effect driven by the ferroelectric polarization. Comprehensive numerical simulations, incorporating the nucleation-limited switching model and Simmons tunneling mechanism, provide detailed insights into how the WOx IL and the trapped charges at the HZO/WOx interface affect polarization switching mechanisms and the electronic potential barrier profile. These findings underscore the importance of interface effects in HfO2-based FTJs and advance the understanding of the TER mechanism in multilayer ferroelectric systems.
本研究深入分析了 TiN/Hf0.5Zr0.5O2(HZO)/WOx/W 铁电隧道结 (FTJ) 器件中的铁阻开关 (FRS) 行为，尤其关注氧化钨 (WOx) 接口层 (IL) 的作用。结构检查证实了 WOx IL 的存在，它极大地影响了器件的铁电隧道结特性。电学测量表明，该器件具有稳定、可重复的 FRS 特性，导通/关断比为 9.7，这主要归因于铁电极化驱动的隧穿电阻 (TER) 效应。综合数值模拟结合了成核限制开关模型和西蒙斯隧道机制，详细揭示了 WOx IL 和 HZO/WOx 界面的俘获电荷如何影响极化开关机制和电子势垒曲线。这些发现强调了界面效应在基于 HfO2 的 FTJ 中的重要性，并推进了对多层铁电系统中 TER 机制的理解。
{"title":"Investigation of ferro-resistive switching mechanisms in TiN/Hf0.5Zr0.5O2/WOx/W ferroelectric tunnel junctions with the interface layer effect","authors":"Suk Hyun Lee, Han Sol Park, Seong Jae Shin, In Soo Lee, Seung Kyu Ryoo, Seungyong Byun, Kyung Do Kim, Taehwan Moon, Cheol Seong Hwang","doi":"10.1063/5.0224203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0224203","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents an in-depth analysis of ferro-resistive switching (FRS) behaviors in a TiN/Hf0.5Zr0.5O2(HZO)/WOx/W ferroelectric tunnel junction (FTJ) device, with a particular focus on the role of the tungsten oxide (WOx) interface layer (IL). Structural examinations confirm the presence of the WOx IL, which significantly influences the FRS properties of the device. Electrical measurements indicate the devices exhibit stable and reproducible FRS characteristics with an ON/OFF ratio of 9.7, predominantly attributed to the tunneling electro-resistance (TER) effect driven by the ferroelectric polarization. Comprehensive numerical simulations, incorporating the nucleation-limited switching model and Simmons tunneling mechanism, provide detailed insights into how the WOx IL and the trapped charges at the HZO/WOx interface affect polarization switching mechanisms and the electronic potential barrier profile. These findings underscore the importance of interface effects in HfO2-based FTJs and advance the understanding of the TER mechanism in multilayer ferroelectric systems.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142385246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Indrajit Mondal, Rohit Attri, Tejaswini S. Rao, Bhupesh Yadav, Giridhar U. Kulkarni
In the era of artificial intelligence and smart automated systems, the quest for efficient data processing has driven exploration into neuromorphic systems, aiming to replicate brain functionality and complex cognitive actions. This review assesses, based on recent literature, the challenges and progress in developing basic neuromorphic systems, focusing on “material-neuron” concepts, that integrate structural similarities, analog memory, retention, and Hebbian learning of the brain, contrasting with conventional von Neumann architecture and spiking circuits. We categorize these devices into filamentary and non-filamentary types, highlighting their ability to mimic synaptic plasticity through external stimuli manipulation. Additionally, we emphasize the importance of heterogeneous neural content to support conductance linearity, plasticity, and volatility, enabling effective processing and storage of various types of information. Our comprehensive approach categorizes fundamentally different devices under a generalized pattern dictated by the driving parameters, namely, the pulse number, amplitude, duration, interval, as well as the current compliance employed to contain the conducting pathways. We also discuss the importance of hybridization protocols in fabricating neuromorphic systems making use of existing complementary metal oxide semiconductor technologies being practiced in the silicon foundries, which perhaps ensures a smooth translation and user interfacing of these new generation devices. The review concludes by outlining insights into developing cognitive systems, current challenges, and future directions in realizing deployable neuromorphic systems in the field of artificial intelligence.
{"title":"Recent trends in neuromorphic systems for non-von Neumann in materia computing and cognitive functionalities","authors":"Indrajit Mondal, Rohit Attri, Tejaswini S. Rao, Bhupesh Yadav, Giridhar U. Kulkarni","doi":"10.1063/5.0220628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0220628","url":null,"abstract":"In the era of artificial intelligence and smart automated systems, the quest for efficient data processing has driven exploration into neuromorphic systems, aiming to replicate brain functionality and complex cognitive actions. This review assesses, based on recent literature, the challenges and progress in developing basic neuromorphic systems, focusing on “material-neuron” concepts, that integrate structural similarities, analog memory, retention, and Hebbian learning of the brain, contrasting with conventional von Neumann architecture and spiking circuits. We categorize these devices into filamentary and non-filamentary types, highlighting their ability to mimic synaptic plasticity through external stimuli manipulation. Additionally, we emphasize the importance of heterogeneous neural content to support conductance linearity, plasticity, and volatility, enabling effective processing and storage of various types of information. Our comprehensive approach categorizes fundamentally different devices under a generalized pattern dictated by the driving parameters, namely, the pulse number, amplitude, duration, interval, as well as the current compliance employed to contain the conducting pathways. We also discuss the importance of hybridization protocols in fabricating neuromorphic systems making use of existing complementary metal oxide semiconductor technologies being practiced in the silicon foundries, which perhaps ensures a smooth translation and user interfacing of these new generation devices. The review concludes by outlining insights into developing cognitive systems, current challenges, and future directions in realizing deployable neuromorphic systems in the field of artificial intelligence.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142384544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Knowing material behavior is crucial for successful design, especially given the growing number of next-generation energy, defense, and manufacturing systems operating in extreme environments. Specific applications for materials in extreme environments include fusion energy, semiconductor manufacturing, metal additive manufacturing, and aerospace. With increased applications, awareness of foundational science for materials in extreme environments is imperative. The speed of sound provides insights into phase boundaries, like shock-induced melting. Thermodynamic integration of the speed of sound enables the deduction of other desirable properties that are difficult to measure accurately, like density, heat capacity, and expansivity. Metrology advancements enable the speed of sound to be measured at extreme conditions up to 15 000 K and 600 GPa. This comprehensive review presents state-of-the-art sound speed metrology while contextualizing it through a historical lens. Detailed discussions on new standards and metrology best practices, including uncertainty reporting, are included. Data availability for condensed matter speed of sound is presented, highlighting significant gaps in the literature. A theoretical section covers empirically based theoretical models like equations of state and CALPHAD models, the growing practice of using molecular dynamics and density functional theory simulations to fill gaps in measured data, and the use of artificial intelligence and machine learning prediction tools. Concluding, we review how a lack of measurement methods leads to gaps in data availability, which leads to data-driven theoretical models having higher uncertainty, thus limiting confidence in optimizing designs via numerical simulation for critical emerging technologies in extreme environments.
了解材料的特性对成功设计至关重要，尤其是考虑到在极端环境中运行的下一代能源、国防和制造系统越来越多。材料在极端环境中的具体应用包括聚变能源、半导体制造、金属增材制造和航空航天。随着应用的增加，对极端环境下材料基础科学的认识势在必行。声速有助于深入了解相界，如冲击诱导熔化。通过对声速进行热力学整合，可以推导出难以精确测量的其他理想特性，如密度、热容量和膨胀率。计量学的进步使声速可以在高达 15 000 K 和 600 GPa 的极端条件下测量。这篇全面的综述介绍了最先进的声速计量学，同时通过历史视角对其进行了梳理。其中包括对新标准和计量最佳实践（包括不确定性报告）的详细讨论。报告介绍了凝聚态声速的数据可用性，并强调了文献中的重大空白。理论部分涵盖了基于经验的理论模型，如状态方程和 CALPHAD 模型，使用分子动力学和密度泛函理论模拟来填补测量数据缺口的做法日益增多，以及人工智能和机器学习预测工具的使用。最后，我们回顾了测量方法的缺乏如何导致数据可用性的差距，从而导致数据驱动的理论模型具有更高的不确定性，从而限制了通过数值模拟优化极端环境中关键新兴技术设计的信心。
{"title":"Speed of sound for understanding metals in extreme environments","authors":"Elizabeth G. Rasmussen, Boris Wilthan","doi":"10.1063/5.0186669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0186669","url":null,"abstract":"Knowing material behavior is crucial for successful design, especially given the growing number of next-generation energy, defense, and manufacturing systems operating in extreme environments. Specific applications for materials in extreme environments include fusion energy, semiconductor manufacturing, metal additive manufacturing, and aerospace. With increased applications, awareness of foundational science for materials in extreme environments is imperative. The speed of sound provides insights into phase boundaries, like shock-induced melting. Thermodynamic integration of the speed of sound enables the deduction of other desirable properties that are difficult to measure accurately, like density, heat capacity, and expansivity. Metrology advancements enable the speed of sound to be measured at extreme conditions up to 15 000 K and 600 GPa. This comprehensive review presents state-of-the-art sound speed metrology while contextualizing it through a historical lens. Detailed discussions on new standards and metrology best practices, including uncertainty reporting, are included. Data availability for condensed matter speed of sound is presented, highlighting significant gaps in the literature. A theoretical section covers empirically based theoretical models like equations of state and CALPHAD models, the growing practice of using molecular dynamics and density functional theory simulations to fill gaps in measured data, and the use of artificial intelligence and machine learning prediction tools. Concluding, we review how a lack of measurement methods leads to gaps in data availability, which leads to data-driven theoretical models having higher uncertainty, thus limiting confidence in optimizing designs via numerical simulation for critical emerging technologies in extreme environments.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142384163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The physiology and pathogenesis of biological cells have drawn enormous research interest. Benefiting from the rapid development of microfabrication and microelectronics, miniaturized robots with a tool size below micrometers have widely been studied for manipulating biological cells in vitro and in vivo. Traditionally, the complex physiological environment and biological fragility require human labor interference to fulfill these tasks, resulting in high risks of irreversible structural or functional damage and even clinical risk. Intelligent sensing devices and approaches have been recently integrated within robotic systems for environment visualization and interaction force control. As a consequence, microrobots can be autonomously manipulated with visual and interaction force feedback, greatly improving accuracy, efficiency, and damage regulation for minimally invasive cell surgery. This review first explores advanced tactile sensing in the aspects of sensing principles, design methodologies, and underlying physics. It also comprehensively discusses recent progress on visual sensing, where the imaging instruments and processing methods are summarized and analyzed. It then introduces autonomous micromanipulation practices utilizing visual and tactile sensing feedback and their corresponding applications in minimally invasive surgery. Finally, this work highlights and discusses the remaining challenges of current robotic micromanipulation and their future directions in clinical trials, providing valuable references about this field.
{"title":"Intelligent sensing for the autonomous manipulation of microrobots toward minimally invasive cell surgery","authors":"Wendi Gao, Yunfei Bai, Yujie Yang, Lanlan Jia, Yingbiao Mi, Wenji Cui, Dehua Liu, Adnan Shakoor, Libo Zhao, Junyang Li, Tao Luo, Dong Sun, Zhuangde Jiang","doi":"10.1063/5.0211141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0211141","url":null,"abstract":"The physiology and pathogenesis of biological cells have drawn enormous research interest. Benefiting from the rapid development of microfabrication and microelectronics, miniaturized robots with a tool size below micrometers have widely been studied for manipulating biological cells in vitro and in vivo. Traditionally, the complex physiological environment and biological fragility require human labor interference to fulfill these tasks, resulting in high risks of irreversible structural or functional damage and even clinical risk. Intelligent sensing devices and approaches have been recently integrated within robotic systems for environment visualization and interaction force control. As a consequence, microrobots can be autonomously manipulated with visual and interaction force feedback, greatly improving accuracy, efficiency, and damage regulation for minimally invasive cell surgery. This review first explores advanced tactile sensing in the aspects of sensing principles, design methodologies, and underlying physics. It also comprehensively discusses recent progress on visual sensing, where the imaging instruments and processing methods are summarized and analyzed. It then introduces autonomous micromanipulation practices utilizing visual and tactile sensing feedback and their corresponding applications in minimally invasive surgery. Finally, this work highlights and discusses the remaining challenges of current robotic micromanipulation and their future directions in clinical trials, providing valuable references about this field.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"223 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142377291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The addition of low-loading content of nanofillers may improve the material properties of polymer-based nanocomposites. This improvement directly corresponds to the density of well-dispersed nanofillers in the matrix. However, for higher nanofiller loadings, the nanocomposites' material properties not only may not be improved but also may be degraded due to agglomeration. This complex phenomenon, where nanofillers tend to form agglomerates with the enhancement of volume fraction, poses significant challenges in materials science and nanotechnology. It has been proven that agglomerations hinder the performance of the nanocomposites and thwart the unique properties of nanofillers in most aspects. Graphene, one of the most used nanofillers, plays a remarkable role in nanotechnology. Therefore, the key focus of the current review is to provide insight into the impact of agglomeration on the various material properties such as tensile, flexural, fracture, fatigue, thermal, electrical, and barrier characteristics of the polymer nanocomposites reinforced by graphene-based structures. A comprehensive review of the factors leading to the agglomeration of graphene in the nanocomposites was presented. It was concluded that agglomeration could be a barrier to developing polymer-based nanocomposites, and the challenges of controlling the nanofiller agglomerations were discussed in depth, highlighting the issue's complexity.
{"title":"Agglomeration phenomenon in graphene/polymer nanocomposites: Reasons, roles, and remedies","authors":"Afshin Zeinedini, Mahmood Mehrdad Shokrieh","doi":"10.1063/5.0223785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0223785","url":null,"abstract":"The addition of low-loading content of nanofillers may improve the material properties of polymer-based nanocomposites. This improvement directly corresponds to the density of well-dispersed nanofillers in the matrix. However, for higher nanofiller loadings, the nanocomposites' material properties not only may not be improved but also may be degraded due to agglomeration. This complex phenomenon, where nanofillers tend to form agglomerates with the enhancement of volume fraction, poses significant challenges in materials science and nanotechnology. It has been proven that agglomerations hinder the performance of the nanocomposites and thwart the unique properties of nanofillers in most aspects. Graphene, one of the most used nanofillers, plays a remarkable role in nanotechnology. Therefore, the key focus of the current review is to provide insight into the impact of agglomeration on the various material properties such as tensile, flexural, fracture, fatigue, thermal, electrical, and barrier characteristics of the polymer nanocomposites reinforced by graphene-based structures. A comprehensive review of the factors leading to the agglomeration of graphene in the nanocomposites was presented. It was concluded that agglomeration could be a barrier to developing polymer-based nanocomposites, and the challenges of controlling the nanofiller agglomerations were discussed in depth, highlighting the issue's complexity.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142369055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There is an urgent need for infrared (IR) detection systems with high-level miniaturization and room-temperature operation capability. The rising star of two-dimensional (2D) semimetals with extraordinary optoelectronic properties can fulfill these criteria. However, the formidable challenges with regard to large-scale patterning and substrate-selective requirements limit material deposition options for device fabrication. Here, we report a convenient and straightforward eutectic-tellurization transformation method for the wafer-level synthesis of 2D type-II Weyl semimetal WTe2. The non-cryogenic WTe2/Si Schottky junction device displays an ultrawide detection range covering 10.6 μm with a high detectivity of ∼109 Jones in the mid-infrared (MIR) region and a short response time of 1.3 μs. The detection performance has surpassed most reported IR sensors. On top of that, on-chip device arrays based on Schottky junction display an outstanding MIR imaging capability without cryogenic cooling, and 2D WTe2 Weyl semimetal can serve as a saturable absorber for stable Q-switched and mode-locked laser operation applications. Our work offers a viable route for wafer-scale vdW preparation of 2D semimetals, showcasing their intriguing potential in on-chip integrated MIR detection systems and ultrafast laser photonics.
{"title":"Integrated mid-infrared sensing and ultrashort lasers based on wafer-level Td-WTe2 Weyl semimetal","authors":"Di Wu, Zhiheng Mo, Xue Li, Xiaoyan Ren, Zhifeng Shi, Xinjian Li, Ling Zhang, Xuechao Yu, Hexuan Peng, Longhui Zeng, Chong-Xin Shan","doi":"10.1063/5.0204248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0204248","url":null,"abstract":"There is an urgent need for infrared (IR) detection systems with high-level miniaturization and room-temperature operation capability. The rising star of two-dimensional (2D) semimetals with extraordinary optoelectronic properties can fulfill these criteria. However, the formidable challenges with regard to large-scale patterning and substrate-selective requirements limit material deposition options for device fabrication. Here, we report a convenient and straightforward eutectic-tellurization transformation method for the wafer-level synthesis of 2D type-II Weyl semimetal WTe2. The non-cryogenic WTe2/Si Schottky junction device displays an ultrawide detection range covering 10.6 μm with a high detectivity of ∼109 Jones in the mid-infrared (MIR) region and a short response time of 1.3 μs. The detection performance has surpassed most reported IR sensors. On top of that, on-chip device arrays based on Schottky junction display an outstanding MIR imaging capability without cryogenic cooling, and 2D WTe2 Weyl semimetal can serve as a saturable absorber for stable Q-switched and mode-locked laser operation applications. Our work offers a viable route for wafer-scale vdW preparation of 2D semimetals, showcasing their intriguing potential in on-chip integrated MIR detection systems and ultrafast laser photonics.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142369348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shijie Liu, Xi Liang, Jiajia Han, Yuxue Duan, Tao Jiang, Zhong Lin Wang
The most important ocean energy sources are wind energy and water wave energy, both of which are significant to carbon neutrality. Due to uneven distribution and random movement, the conversion efficiency from the two energies into electrical energy is limited, so the coupling of them is necessary. However, the current energy harvesting technologies generally target one certain type, or are simple mechanical coupling. Here, we propose a composite water wave energy harvesting scheme with wind excitation based on triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). A rotation TENG driven by wind is introduced as a pump to inject charges into the main TENG. For the main TENG driven by water waves, a specially designed charge self-shuttling mode is applied (CSS-TENG). Under the pump excitation, the shuttling charge amount is increased by 11.8 times, and the peak power density reaches 33.0 W m−3, with an average power density of 2.4 W m−3. Furthermore, the CSS-TENG is expanded into an array by parallel connection, and the practical applications are demonstrated. This work organically couples the wind and water wave energy in the ocean scene, through the charge pumping and self-shuttling mode, providing a new pathway for the synergistic development of clean and renewable energy sources.
最重要的海洋能源是风能和水波能，这两种能源对实现碳中和意义重大。由于分布不均和运动随机，这两种能量转化为电能的效率有限，因此有必要将它们耦合起来。然而，目前的能量收集技术一般只针对某一种类型，或者是简单的机械耦合。在此，我们提出了一种基于三电纳米发电机（TENGs）的风能激励复合水波能量收集方案。我们引入了一个由风驱动的旋转 TENG 作为泵，向主 TENG 注入电荷。对于由水波驱动的主 TENG，采用了专门设计的电荷自关断模式（CSS-TENG）。在水泵激励下，穿梭电荷量增加了 11.8 倍，峰值功率密度达到 33.0 W m-3，平均功率密度为 2.4 W m-3。此外，还通过并联将 CSS-TENG 扩展为阵列，并演示了实际应用。这项工作通过电荷泵和自关闭模式，将海洋场景中的风能和水波能有机地结合起来，为清洁可再生能源的协同发展提供了一条新途径。
{"title":"Charge self-shuttling triboelectric nanogenerator based on wind-driven pump excitation for harvesting water wave energy","authors":"Shijie Liu, Xi Liang, Jiajia Han, Yuxue Duan, Tao Jiang, Zhong Lin Wang","doi":"10.1063/5.0225737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0225737","url":null,"abstract":"The most important ocean energy sources are wind energy and water wave energy, both of which are significant to carbon neutrality. Due to uneven distribution and random movement, the conversion efficiency from the two energies into electrical energy is limited, so the coupling of them is necessary. However, the current energy harvesting technologies generally target one certain type, or are simple mechanical coupling. Here, we propose a composite water wave energy harvesting scheme with wind excitation based on triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). A rotation TENG driven by wind is introduced as a pump to inject charges into the main TENG. For the main TENG driven by water waves, a specially designed charge self-shuttling mode is applied (CSS-TENG). Under the pump excitation, the shuttling charge amount is increased by 11.8 times, and the peak power density reaches 33.0 W m−3, with an average power density of 2.4 W m−3. Furthermore, the CSS-TENG is expanded into an array by parallel connection, and the practical applications are demonstrated. This work organically couples the wind and water wave energy in the ocean scene, through the charge pumping and self-shuttling mode, providing a new pathway for the synergistic development of clean and renewable energy sources.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142321430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tanveer A. Tabish, Mian Zahid Hussain, Yangzhi Zhu, Jiabao Xu, Wei E. Huang, Marina Diotallevi, Roger J. Narayan, Mark J. Crabtree, Ali Khademhosseini, Paul G. Winyard, Craig A. Lygate
Drug-eluting stents are commonly utilized for the treatment of coronary artery disease, where they maintain vessel patency and prevent restenosis. However, problems with prolonged vascular healing, late thrombosis, and neoatherosclerosis persist; these could potentially be addressed via the local generation of nitric oxide (NO) from endogenous substrates. Herein, we develop amine-functionalized graphene as a NO-generating coating on polylactic acid (PLA)-based bioresorbable stent materials. A novel catalyst was synthesized consisting of polyethyleneimine and polyethylene glycol bonded to graphene oxide (PEI-PEG@GO), with physicochemical characterization using x-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. In the presence of 10 μM S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) or S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP), PEI-PEG@GO catalyzed the generation of 62% and 91% of the available NO, respectively. Furthermore, PEI-PEG@GO enhanced and prolonged real-time NO generation from GSNO and SNAP under physiological conditions. The uniform coating of PEI-PEG@GO onto stent material is demonstrated via an optimized simple dip-coating method. The coated PLA maintains good biodegradability under accelerated degradation testing, while the PEI-PEG@GO coating remains largely intact. Finally, the stability of the coating was demonstrated at room temperature over 60 days. In conclusion, the innovative conjugation of polymeric amines with graphene can catalyze the generation of NO from S-nitrosothiols at physiologically relevant concentrations. This approach paves the way for the development of controlled NO-generating coatings on bioresorbable stents in order to improve outcomes in coronary artery disease.
药物洗脱支架通常用于治疗冠状动脉疾病，它们能保持血管通畅并防止再狭窄。然而，血管愈合时间延长、晚期血栓形成和新动脉硬化等问题依然存在；这些问题有可能通过内源性底物在局部产生一氧化氮（NO）来解决。在此，我们开发了胺功能化石墨烯，作为聚乳酸（PLA）基生物可吸收支架材料上的一氧化氮生成涂层。我们合成了由聚乙烯亚胺和聚乙二醇与氧化石墨烯（PEI-PEG@GO）结合而成的新型催化剂，并利用 X 射线衍射、拉曼光谱、傅立叶变换红外光谱和热重分析对其进行了理化表征。在 10 μM S-亚硝基谷胱甘肽（GSNO）或 S-亚硝基-N-乙酰青霉胺（SNAP）存在下，PEI-PEG@GO 分别催化生成了 62% 和 91% 的可用 NO。此外，PEI-PEG@GO 还增强并延长了生理条件下 GSNO 和 SNAP 生成 NO 的实时性。通过优化的简单浸涂方法，PEI-PEG@GO 被均匀涂覆在支架材料上。在加速降解测试中，涂层聚乳酸保持了良好的生物降解性，而 PEI-PEG@GO 涂层则基本保持完好。最后，涂层在室温下的稳定性得到了 60 天的验证。总之，聚合物胺与石墨烯的创新共轭可以催化 S-亚硝硫醇在生理相关浓度下生成 NO。这种方法为在生物可吸收支架上开发可控 NO 生成涂层铺平了道路，从而改善冠状动脉疾病的治疗效果。
{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of amine-functionalized graphene as a nitric oxide-generating coating for vascular stents","authors":"Tanveer A. Tabish, Mian Zahid Hussain, Yangzhi Zhu, Jiabao Xu, Wei E. Huang, Marina Diotallevi, Roger J. Narayan, Mark J. Crabtree, Ali Khademhosseini, Paul G. Winyard, Craig A. Lygate","doi":"10.1063/5.0192379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0192379","url":null,"abstract":"Drug-eluting stents are commonly utilized for the treatment of coronary artery disease, where they maintain vessel patency and prevent restenosis. However, problems with prolonged vascular healing, late thrombosis, and neoatherosclerosis persist; these could potentially be addressed via the local generation of nitric oxide (NO) from endogenous substrates. Herein, we develop amine-functionalized graphene as a NO-generating coating on polylactic acid (PLA)-based bioresorbable stent materials. A novel catalyst was synthesized consisting of polyethyleneimine and polyethylene glycol bonded to graphene oxide (PEI-PEG@GO), with physicochemical characterization using x-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. In the presence of 10 μM S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) or S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP), PEI-PEG@GO catalyzed the generation of 62% and 91% of the available NO, respectively. Furthermore, PEI-PEG@GO enhanced and prolonged real-time NO generation from GSNO and SNAP under physiological conditions. The uniform coating of PEI-PEG@GO onto stent material is demonstrated via an optimized simple dip-coating method. The coated PLA maintains good biodegradability under accelerated degradation testing, while the PEI-PEG@GO coating remains largely intact. Finally, the stability of the coating was demonstrated at room temperature over 60 days. In conclusion, the innovative conjugation of polymeric amines with graphene can catalyze the generation of NO from S-nitrosothiols at physiologically relevant concentrations. This approach paves the way for the development of controlled NO-generating coatings on bioresorbable stents in order to improve outcomes in coronary artery disease.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"214 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142317246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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