Transistors based on two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors have emerged as promising candidates for ultra-scaled computing devices. By suspending the 2D channels and inducing mechanical resonance modes in the 2D semiconducting membranes, they form 2D vibrating-channel-transistor (VCT) resonators with ultralow power consumption. Yet on-chip electronic detection and tuning of multimode resonances in these 2D VCT resonators have been challenging due to the ultrasmall vibration amplitudes and rich multimode dynamics at radio frequencies (RF). Here, we leverage the atomic-scale thickness, ultrahigh strain limit, as well as strain-engineering effects on band structure and carrier mobility of 2D molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) sheets, and experimentally demonstrate multimode 2D MoS2 VCT resonators. Using all-electronic signal transduction, we show single-, bi-, and tri-layer MoS2 VCT resonators with up to the 14th resonance mode, thanks to the ultra-efficient electromechanical transduction enabled by internal multiphysics coupling. Measured gate dependency of multimode resonances exhibits frequency tuning ranges of Δf/f0 up to 326%. These 2D VCT resonators provide a unique platform for engineering on-chip integrated and ultra-scaled RF signal transduction, sensing, and analog computing elements with multimode and hyperspectral capabilities.
{"title":"Multimode tunable atomically thin vibrating-channel-transistor resonators with ultra-efficient electromechanical transduction","authors":"Rui Yang, Jaesung Lee, Philip X.-L. Feng","doi":"10.1063/5.0238991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0238991","url":null,"abstract":"Transistors based on two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors have emerged as promising candidates for ultra-scaled computing devices. By suspending the 2D channels and inducing mechanical resonance modes in the 2D semiconducting membranes, they form 2D vibrating-channel-transistor (VCT) resonators with ultralow power consumption. Yet on-chip electronic detection and tuning of multimode resonances in these 2D VCT resonators have been challenging due to the ultrasmall vibration amplitudes and rich multimode dynamics at radio frequencies (RF). Here, we leverage the atomic-scale thickness, ultrahigh strain limit, as well as strain-engineering effects on band structure and carrier mobility of 2D molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) sheets, and experimentally demonstrate multimode 2D MoS2 VCT resonators. Using all-electronic signal transduction, we show single-, bi-, and tri-layer MoS2 VCT resonators with up to the 14th resonance mode, thanks to the ultra-efficient electromechanical transduction enabled by internal multiphysics coupling. Measured gate dependency of multimode resonances exhibits frequency tuning ranges of Δf/f0 up to 326%. These 2D VCT resonators provide a unique platform for engineering on-chip integrated and ultra-scaled RF signal transduction, sensing, and analog computing elements with multimode and hyperspectral capabilities.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145002865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Exciton-polariton lasing is the spontaneous coherent emission resulting from exciton-polariton Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC), facilitated by polariton-polariton simulated scattering. This process does not require population inversion, unlike conventional photonic lasers. II-VI/III-V colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals, known for their narrow emission linewidth and tunable emission wavelength, find broad applications in displays, LEDs, and detectors. However, achieving exciton-polariton lasing with these materials remains challenging. In this work, we investigate the exciton binding energy variations in CdSe colloidal quantum wells (CQWs) with different thicknesses and demonstrate the integration of CQWs in a face-down aligned configuration within a Fabry–Pérot cavity. This alignment enhances the exciton-photon coupling, leading to increased Rabi splitting energy and stronger coupling compared to randomly oriented CQWs, thereby facilitate exciton-polariton condensation. Due to the enhanced coupling with cavity fields and large exciton binding energy, we report the first observation of room-temperature exciton-polariton BEC and exciton-polariton lasing from CdSe CQWs. By systematically tuning the exciton-photon detuning, we achieve wavelength-tunable polariton lasing from 530 nm to 549 nm, including spectral regions without conventional optical gain, extending lasing beyond the intrinsic emission of 4 ML CQWs. These findings establish CdSe CQWs as effective platform for polariton-based optoelectronics.
{"title":"Room-temperature exciton-polariton lasing in semiconductor colloidal quantum wells","authors":"Haixiao Zhao, Chenlin Wang, Minjie Zhou, Bing Jin, Xian Zhao, Baoqing Sun, Yuan Gao","doi":"10.1063/5.0252579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0252579","url":null,"abstract":"Exciton-polariton lasing is the spontaneous coherent emission resulting from exciton-polariton Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC), facilitated by polariton-polariton simulated scattering. This process does not require population inversion, unlike conventional photonic lasers. II-VI/III-V colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals, known for their narrow emission linewidth and tunable emission wavelength, find broad applications in displays, LEDs, and detectors. However, achieving exciton-polariton lasing with these materials remains challenging. In this work, we investigate the exciton binding energy variations in CdSe colloidal quantum wells (CQWs) with different thicknesses and demonstrate the integration of CQWs in a face-down aligned configuration within a Fabry–Pérot cavity. This alignment enhances the exciton-photon coupling, leading to increased Rabi splitting energy and stronger coupling compared to randomly oriented CQWs, thereby facilitate exciton-polariton condensation. Due to the enhanced coupling with cavity fields and large exciton binding energy, we report the first observation of room-temperature exciton-polariton BEC and exciton-polariton lasing from CdSe CQWs. By systematically tuning the exciton-photon detuning, we achieve wavelength-tunable polariton lasing from 530 nm to 549 nm, including spectral regions without conventional optical gain, extending lasing beyond the intrinsic emission of 4 ML CQWs. These findings establish CdSe CQWs as effective platform for polariton-based optoelectronics.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145002868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Maxwell-Garnett theory, dating back to James Clerk Maxwell-Garnett's foundational work in 1904, provides a simple yet powerful framework to describe the inhomogeneous structure as an effective homogeneous medium, which significantly reduces the overall complexity of analysis, calculation, and design. As such, the Maxwell-Garnett theory enables many practical applications in diverse realms, ranging from photonics, acoustics, mechanics, thermodynamics, to materials science. It has long been thought that the Maxwell-Garnett theory of light in impedance-mismatched periodic structures is valid only within the long-wavelength limit, necessitating either the temporal or spatial period of light to be much larger than that of structures. Here, we break this long-held belief by revealing an anomalous Maxwell-Garnett theory for impedance-mismatched photonic time crystals beyond this long-wavelength limit. The key to this anomaly lies in the Fabry–Pérot resonance. We discover that under the Fabry–Pérot resonance, the impedance-mismatched photonic time crystal could be essentially equivalent to a homogeneous temporal slab simultaneously at specific discrete wavelengths, despite the temporal period of these light being comparable to or even much smaller than that of photonic time crystals.
{"title":"Anomalous Maxwell-Garnett theory for photonic time crystals","authors":"Zheng Gong, Ruoxi Chen, Hongsheng Chen, Xiao Lin","doi":"10.1063/5.0275246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0275246","url":null,"abstract":"The Maxwell-Garnett theory, dating back to James Clerk Maxwell-Garnett's foundational work in 1904, provides a simple yet powerful framework to describe the inhomogeneous structure as an effective homogeneous medium, which significantly reduces the overall complexity of analysis, calculation, and design. As such, the Maxwell-Garnett theory enables many practical applications in diverse realms, ranging from photonics, acoustics, mechanics, thermodynamics, to materials science. It has long been thought that the Maxwell-Garnett theory of light in impedance-mismatched periodic structures is valid only within the long-wavelength limit, necessitating either the temporal or spatial period of light to be much larger than that of structures. Here, we break this long-held belief by revealing an anomalous Maxwell-Garnett theory for impedance-mismatched photonic time crystals beyond this long-wavelength limit. The key to this anomaly lies in the Fabry–Pérot resonance. We discover that under the Fabry–Pérot resonance, the impedance-mismatched photonic time crystal could be essentially equivalent to a homogeneous temporal slab simultaneously at specific discrete wavelengths, despite the temporal period of these light being comparable to or even much smaller than that of photonic time crystals.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145002820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Heechang Yun, Seungki Lee, Hongyoon Kim, Sebin Jeong, Eunji Lee, Ho Sang Jung, Junsuk Rho
Deep understanding of biological systems and their effective applications, particularly in ultrasensitive sensing for early diagnosis and high-resolution imaging, is critical across diverse fields, including healthcare, environmental monitoring, food safety, and pharmaceuticals. Conventional methods for monitoring biosystems often face challenges due to the limited quantity and small size of biomolecules, as well as low signal-to-noise ratio. In contrast, quantum systems leverage quantum-mechanical properties to enable ultrasensitive measurements and high-resolution imaging, effectively overcoming the limitations of conventional techniques. These advanced systems provide profound insights into biological processes, facilitate ultrasensitive bio-detection, and advance bio-imaging technologies. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of quantum detection, defining its key characteristics and discussing examples of quantum systems applied in biological contexts, with a particular focus on sensing and imaging. Specifically, we examine nitrogen-vacancy centers in nanodiamonds, quantum dots, and emerging approaches involving strong coupling and quantum tunneling. Finally, we explore the practical applications and future directions of quantum-biomedical technologies, highlighting their transformative potential in advancing biological research and diagnostics, with a focus on integrating quantum technologies with digital tools.
{"title":"Advancing biosensing and bioimaging with quantum technologies: From fundamental science to medical applications","authors":"Heechang Yun, Seungki Lee, Hongyoon Kim, Sebin Jeong, Eunji Lee, Ho Sang Jung, Junsuk Rho","doi":"10.1063/5.0231311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0231311","url":null,"abstract":"Deep understanding of biological systems and their effective applications, particularly in ultrasensitive sensing for early diagnosis and high-resolution imaging, is critical across diverse fields, including healthcare, environmental monitoring, food safety, and pharmaceuticals. Conventional methods for monitoring biosystems often face challenges due to the limited quantity and small size of biomolecules, as well as low signal-to-noise ratio. In contrast, quantum systems leverage quantum-mechanical properties to enable ultrasensitive measurements and high-resolution imaging, effectively overcoming the limitations of conventional techniques. These advanced systems provide profound insights into biological processes, facilitate ultrasensitive bio-detection, and advance bio-imaging technologies. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of quantum detection, defining its key characteristics and discussing examples of quantum systems applied in biological contexts, with a particular focus on sensing and imaging. Specifically, we examine nitrogen-vacancy centers in nanodiamonds, quantum dots, and emerging approaches involving strong coupling and quantum tunneling. Finally, we explore the practical applications and future directions of quantum-biomedical technologies, highlighting their transformative potential in advancing biological research and diagnostics, with a focus on integrating quantum technologies with digital tools.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145003105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qinqin Wei, Hui Luo, Cunke Huang, Zhiqiang Lan, Jin Guo, Xinhua Wang, Haizhen Liu
Traditional hydrogen storage materials rely mainly on chemical adsorption (such as metal hydrides and chemical hydrides) or physical adsorption (such as metal–organic frameworks, activated carbon, zeolites, and other high-specific surface area materials) to achieve the storage and release of hydrogen. However, these materials struggle to simultaneously meet the technical requirements of high-capacity, rapid, and reversible hydrogen absorption and desorption under room temperature and atmospheric pressure. In recent years, both theoretical predictions and experimental research have indicated that nontraditional hydrogen storage materials based on hybrid adsorption mechanisms (such as physical adsorption, chemical adsorption, Kubas-type interactions, static electric polarization, and weak chemical adsorption)—namely, MXene materials—are promising for rapid and high-capacity hydrogen storage under normal conditions. This review aims to focus on the intrinsic principles of the diverse hybrid mechanisms of MXene materials and recent research progress of MXene as a hydrogen carrier. By detailed analysis of their structural characteristics, surface properties, and the specific mechanisms of interaction with hydrogen, it strives to deepen the understanding of the physicochemical principles of MXene materials as a hydrogen storage material.
{"title":"MXene as a hydrogen storage material","authors":"Qinqin Wei, Hui Luo, Cunke Huang, Zhiqiang Lan, Jin Guo, Xinhua Wang, Haizhen Liu","doi":"10.1063/5.0270993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0270993","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional hydrogen storage materials rely mainly on chemical adsorption (such as metal hydrides and chemical hydrides) or physical adsorption (such as metal–organic frameworks, activated carbon, zeolites, and other high-specific surface area materials) to achieve the storage and release of hydrogen. However, these materials struggle to simultaneously meet the technical requirements of high-capacity, rapid, and reversible hydrogen absorption and desorption under room temperature and atmospheric pressure. In recent years, both theoretical predictions and experimental research have indicated that nontraditional hydrogen storage materials based on hybrid adsorption mechanisms (such as physical adsorption, chemical adsorption, Kubas-type interactions, static electric polarization, and weak chemical adsorption)—namely, MXene materials—are promising for rapid and high-capacity hydrogen storage under normal conditions. This review aims to focus on the intrinsic principles of the diverse hybrid mechanisms of MXene materials and recent research progress of MXene as a hydrogen carrier. By detailed analysis of their structural characteristics, surface properties, and the specific mechanisms of interaction with hydrogen, it strives to deepen the understanding of the physicochemical principles of MXene materials as a hydrogen storage material.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144995369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cheng Yang, Changhao Ji, Shihe Feng, Yang Liu, Wei Wei, Yu Long
The rise of high-performance functional devices has driven significant breakthroughs in various research fields, with ultrafast laser processing offering unprecedented opportunities for advanced device fabrication. This review summarizes recent progress and future prospects for ultrafast laser in fabricating functional optical, semiconductor, and sensor devices. Central to these advances is a deeper understanding of ultrafast laser–matter interaction physics, including nonlinear optical effects, multiphoton ionization, avalanche ionization, and laser-induced plasma dynamics. These phenomena govern carrier excitation, energy deposition, and subsequent structural modification. We further review how such interactions enable controlled refractive index changes, selective ablation, and nanoscale material structuring in photosensitive, dielectric, semiconductor, and metallic substrates. Key applications are then reviewed, including ultrafast laser fabrication of optical devices (e.g., optical waveguide devices, optical data storage elements, optical elements, and artificial compound eyes, integrated photonic devices), semiconductor devices (e.g., semiconductor light-emitting devices, photodiodes, solar cells, and photodetectors), and sensors (e.g., fiber optic sensors, flexible sensors, and biochemical sensors). Recent breakthroughs showcase ultrafast laser-induced precision in device miniaturization, improved optoelectronic characteristics, and integration of complex functions (e.g., topological photonic circuits fabricated via sub-100-nm laser writing, 5D optical data storage in glass with > 1 TB/cm3 density, perovskite solar cells achieving 25.7% efficiency through laser-induced phase engineering, alongside plasmonic biosensors with 100× sensitivity enhancement, and stretchable graphene sensors for wearables). Finally, this review discusses core challenges, such as enhancing the scalability of ultrafast laser processes for industrial-scale production and optimizing laser-material interactions to improve device reliability and performance. Future efforts should address key challenges such as the limited scalability of ultrafast laser processing and the incomplete understanding of laser–matter interactions at ultrafast timescales. Integrating ultrafast lasers with AI-driven control, beam shaping, and advanced materials such as 2D heterostructures may enable smarter and more multifunctional device platforms. A unified theoretical framework is also needed to guide precise and efficient fabrication. These directions highlight critical opportunities for bridging current limitations and enabling transformative advances. While not exhaustive, this review lays a foundation for further research into the transformative potential of ultrafast laser in functional device fabrication.
{"title":"Ultrafast laser-matter interaction mechanisms and applications in functional device fabrication: Recent advances and perspectives","authors":"Cheng Yang, Changhao Ji, Shihe Feng, Yang Liu, Wei Wei, Yu Long","doi":"10.1063/5.0228383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0228383","url":null,"abstract":"The rise of high-performance functional devices has driven significant breakthroughs in various research fields, with ultrafast laser processing offering unprecedented opportunities for advanced device fabrication. This review summarizes recent progress and future prospects for ultrafast laser in fabricating functional optical, semiconductor, and sensor devices. Central to these advances is a deeper understanding of ultrafast laser–matter interaction physics, including nonlinear optical effects, multiphoton ionization, avalanche ionization, and laser-induced plasma dynamics. These phenomena govern carrier excitation, energy deposition, and subsequent structural modification. We further review how such interactions enable controlled refractive index changes, selective ablation, and nanoscale material structuring in photosensitive, dielectric, semiconductor, and metallic substrates. Key applications are then reviewed, including ultrafast laser fabrication of optical devices (e.g., optical waveguide devices, optical data storage elements, optical elements, and artificial compound eyes, integrated photonic devices), semiconductor devices (e.g., semiconductor light-emitting devices, photodiodes, solar cells, and photodetectors), and sensors (e.g., fiber optic sensors, flexible sensors, and biochemical sensors). Recent breakthroughs showcase ultrafast laser-induced precision in device miniaturization, improved optoelectronic characteristics, and integration of complex functions (e.g., topological photonic circuits fabricated via sub-100-nm laser writing, 5D optical data storage in glass with > 1 TB/cm3 density, perovskite solar cells achieving 25.7% efficiency through laser-induced phase engineering, alongside plasmonic biosensors with 100× sensitivity enhancement, and stretchable graphene sensors for wearables). Finally, this review discusses core challenges, such as enhancing the scalability of ultrafast laser processes for industrial-scale production and optimizing laser-material interactions to improve device reliability and performance. Future efforts should address key challenges such as the limited scalability of ultrafast laser processing and the incomplete understanding of laser–matter interactions at ultrafast timescales. Integrating ultrafast lasers with AI-driven control, beam shaping, and advanced materials such as 2D heterostructures may enable smarter and more multifunctional device platforms. A unified theoretical framework is also needed to guide precise and efficient fabrication. These directions highlight critical opportunities for bridging current limitations and enabling transformative advances. While not exhaustive, this review lays a foundation for further research into the transformative potential of ultrafast laser in functional device fabrication.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144983377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Flexible energy storage devices, such as flexible batteries, are essential in powering flexible electronics and face significant performance challenges under mechanical fatigue. This review explores the effects of mechanical fatigue on the electrochemical performance of flexible batteries, specifically analyzing fatigue in battery components and how it impacts the electrochemical parameters as key indicators of energy storage device lifetime. Distinct from electrochemical fatigue, mechanical fatigue in flexible batteries degrades their structural and functional stability. The review covers recent research on testing methods and advances in mechanical modeling and simulation that have been used to assess static and cyclic load impacts. Detailed attention is given to factors such as delamination, crack formation, wrinkling, and contact pressure, which influence the durability of flexible battery components. Microstructural analysis techniques are highlighted for investigating degradation at the interface of active materials and current collectors. Also, it was shown that machine learning is a promising tool for predicting the remaining useful life and improving the design of flexible batteries.
{"title":"Mechanical fatigue of flexible batteries","authors":"A. Pazhouheshgar, M. M. Shokrieh, Z. Wei","doi":"10.1063/5.0254241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0254241","url":null,"abstract":"Flexible energy storage devices, such as flexible batteries, are essential in powering flexible electronics and face significant performance challenges under mechanical fatigue. This review explores the effects of mechanical fatigue on the electrochemical performance of flexible batteries, specifically analyzing fatigue in battery components and how it impacts the electrochemical parameters as key indicators of energy storage device lifetime. Distinct from electrochemical fatigue, mechanical fatigue in flexible batteries degrades their structural and functional stability. The review covers recent research on testing methods and advances in mechanical modeling and simulation that have been used to assess static and cyclic load impacts. Detailed attention is given to factors such as delamination, crack formation, wrinkling, and contact pressure, which influence the durability of flexible battery components. Microstructural analysis techniques are highlighted for investigating degradation at the interface of active materials and current collectors. Also, it was shown that machine learning is a promising tool for predicting the remaining useful life and improving the design of flexible batteries.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144930896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kyung Seok Woo, Gwangmin Kim, Kyung Min Kim, Suhas Kumar
Managing heat is a major challenge in modern silicon-based computers due to both large static and dynamic power dissipations. There is a growing perspective that heat can serve as an information carrier (instead of being treated as a useless by-product) in post-silicon devices, enabling new functions and on-chip energy recycling. In this review, we introduce how heat can be utilized as a degree of freedom in electronic devices, and how such devices may enable efficient computers.
{"title":"Role of heat in post-silicon electronics","authors":"Kyung Seok Woo, Gwangmin Kim, Kyung Min Kim, Suhas Kumar","doi":"10.1063/5.0258988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0258988","url":null,"abstract":"Managing heat is a major challenge in modern silicon-based computers due to both large static and dynamic power dissipations. There is a growing perspective that heat can serve as an information carrier (instead of being treated as a useless by-product) in post-silicon devices, enabling new functions and on-chip energy recycling. In this review, we introduce how heat can be utilized as a degree of freedom in electronic devices, and how such devices may enable efficient computers.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144931106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Electrokinetic phenomena around charged interfaces in electrolyte solutions represent a fundamental coupling between interfacial chemical physics and electro-mechanics. While the electrified solid–liquid interface has been extensively studied, its multiphase counterpart involving immiscible liquid–liquid interfaces presents unique challenges due to the interacting behaviors of ion transport within the Debye layer and solvent mixing layer. Electrokinetic multiphase hydrodynamics (EKmHD), dating back to the early 20th century, has regained prominence since the 2010s, supported by advanced methods spanning microfluidics, spectroscopy, molecular dynamics, phase-field-based modeling, coarse-grained analysis, and high-performance computing. After briefly sketching fundamental mechanisms, this review establishes a unified framework of experimental, theoretical, and numerical issues to consolidate the quantitative methodology of EKmHD, which is essential to uncover the underlying interfacial transport mechanisms. The systematic synthesis will not only advance predictive modeling methods for liquid–liquid electrokinetics but also propel the technological developments in multiphase-system-based energy conversion, bio-medical devices, and smart fluidics.
{"title":"Electrokinetic multiphase hydrodynamics","authors":"Yunfan Huang, Moran Wang","doi":"10.1063/5.0271535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0271535","url":null,"abstract":"Electrokinetic phenomena around charged interfaces in electrolyte solutions represent a fundamental coupling between interfacial chemical physics and electro-mechanics. While the electrified solid–liquid interface has been extensively studied, its multiphase counterpart involving immiscible liquid–liquid interfaces presents unique challenges due to the interacting behaviors of ion transport within the Debye layer and solvent mixing layer. Electrokinetic multiphase hydrodynamics (EKmHD), dating back to the early 20th century, has regained prominence since the 2010s, supported by advanced methods spanning microfluidics, spectroscopy, molecular dynamics, phase-field-based modeling, coarse-grained analysis, and high-performance computing. After briefly sketching fundamental mechanisms, this review establishes a unified framework of experimental, theoretical, and numerical issues to consolidate the quantitative methodology of EKmHD, which is essential to uncover the underlying interfacial transport mechanisms. The systematic synthesis will not only advance predictive modeling methods for liquid–liquid electrokinetics but also propel the technological developments in multiphase-system-based energy conversion, bio-medical devices, and smart fluidics.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144910870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Boris N. Slautin, Yongtao Liu, Kamyar Barakati, Yu Liu, Reece Emery, Seungbum Hong, Astita Dubey, Vladimir V. Shvartsman, Doru C. Lupascu, Sheryl L. Sanchez, Mahshid Ahmadi, Yunseok Kim, Evgheni Strelcov, Keith A. Brown, Philip D. Rack, Sergei V. Kalinin
For over three decades, scanning probe microscopy (SPM) has been a key method for exploring material structures and functionalities at nanometer and often atomic scales in ambient, liquid, and vacuum environments. Historically, SPM applications have predominantly been downstream, with images and spectra serving as a qualitative source of data on the microstructure and properties of materials, and in rare cases of fundamental physical knowledge. However, the fast-growing developments in accelerated material synthesis via self-driving labs and established applications such as combinatorial spread libraries are poised to change this paradigm. Rapid synthesis demands matching capabilities to probe the structure and functionalities of materials on small scales and with high throughput. SPM inherently meets these criteria, offering a rich and diverse array of data from a single measurement. Here, we overview SPM methods applicable to these emerging applications and emphasize their quantitativeness, focusing on piezoresponse force microscopy, electrochemical strain microscopy, conductive, and surface photovoltage measurements. We discuss the challenges and opportunities ahead, asserting that SPM will play a crucial role in closing the loop from material prediction and synthesis to characterization.
{"title":"Materials discovery in combinatorial and high-throughput synthesis and processing: A new Frontier for SPM","authors":"Boris N. Slautin, Yongtao Liu, Kamyar Barakati, Yu Liu, Reece Emery, Seungbum Hong, Astita Dubey, Vladimir V. Shvartsman, Doru C. Lupascu, Sheryl L. Sanchez, Mahshid Ahmadi, Yunseok Kim, Evgheni Strelcov, Keith A. Brown, Philip D. Rack, Sergei V. Kalinin","doi":"10.1063/5.0259851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0259851","url":null,"abstract":"For over three decades, scanning probe microscopy (SPM) has been a key method for exploring material structures and functionalities at nanometer and often atomic scales in ambient, liquid, and vacuum environments. Historically, SPM applications have predominantly been downstream, with images and spectra serving as a qualitative source of data on the microstructure and properties of materials, and in rare cases of fundamental physical knowledge. However, the fast-growing developments in accelerated material synthesis via self-driving labs and established applications such as combinatorial spread libraries are poised to change this paradigm. Rapid synthesis demands matching capabilities to probe the structure and functionalities of materials on small scales and with high throughput. SPM inherently meets these criteria, offering a rich and diverse array of data from a single measurement. Here, we overview SPM methods applicable to these emerging applications and emphasize their quantitativeness, focusing on piezoresponse force microscopy, electrochemical strain microscopy, conductive, and surface photovoltage measurements. We discuss the challenges and opportunities ahead, asserting that SPM will play a crucial role in closing the loop from material prediction and synthesis to characterization.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144905994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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