Applied Thermal Engineering最新文献_第7页

On the wall heat transfer characteristics and ablation process characterization in the rotating detonation combustor: Experimental measurement and model prediction 旋转爆轰燃烧室壁面传热特性与烧蚀过程表征：实验测量与模型预测

IF 6.9 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.129912

Yufu Wang , Huihui Huang , Qun Li , Jianing Liu , Yuwen Wu , Chunsheng Weng

Rotating detonation engines (RDE) have emerged as a research focus in advanced propulsion systems due to their superior thermal efficiency and compact structure. However, the extreme thermal environment induced by detonation combustion poses severe challenges to engine thermal protection. This study conducts a systematic investigation on the heat transfer characteristics and material ablation behavior of a kerosene-fueled rotating detonation combustor (RDC). Wall temperature distributions were experimentally measured, and the effects of equivalence ratio and mass flow rate on the heat flux were systematically investigated. Subsequently, a time-resolved theoretical ablation model was established to characterize the ablation process. Furthermore, silica/phenolic layer was installed on the RDC to test the ablation performance under rotating detonation conditions. Key findings indicated that the heat flux exhibits an initial increase followed by a decline along the axial direction, with the incoming flow reducing heat flux in the combustion chamber inlet region. Wall heat flux was also observed to rise with increases in both equivalence ratio and mass flow rate. Experimentally, the peak heat flux measured in the detonation wave region reached 8 MW/m². The degradation rate of the ablative layer was determined based on the theoretical ablation model, and the overall spallation amount of the layer was obtained through Gaussian fitting. The results show good agreement with experimental data from the silica/phenolic layer ablation test, with an error margin of 4.4%. This study provides key experimental data and design guidelines for the thermal protection design and full-life-cycle assessment of RDE, effectively advancing their engineering application process.

旋转爆震发动机以其优越的热效率和紧凑的结构成为先进推进系统的研究热点。然而爆震燃烧引起的极端热环境对发动机热防护提出了严峻的挑战。本文系统地研究了以煤油为燃料的旋转爆震燃烧室（RDC）的传热特性和材料烧蚀行为。实验测量了壁面温度分布，系统研究了等效比和质量流量对热流密度的影响。随后，建立了一个时间分辨的理论烧蚀模型来表征烧蚀过程。在RDC上安装了硅/酚醛层，测试了旋转爆轰条件下的烧蚀性能。主要研究结果表明：热流密度沿轴向呈现先增大后减小的趋势，来流降低了燃烧室入口区域的热流密度；壁面热流密度随当量比和质量流量的增大而增大。实验中，爆震波区测得的峰值热流密度达到8 MW/m2。根据理论烧蚀模型确定烧蚀层的降解速率，并通过高斯拟合得到烧蚀层的总体散裂量。结果与硅/酚醛层烧蚀实验数据吻合较好，误差范围为4.4%。本研究为RDE热防护设计和全生命周期评价提供了关键的实验数据和设计指导，有效推进了RDE的工程应用进程。

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引用次数: 0

Enhancement mechanism of the ejection cooling structure and its impact on engine performance 喷射冷却结构的增强机理及其对发动机性能的影响

IF 6.9 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.129922

Jinxin Geng , Jingyang Zhang , Fengna Cheng , Zhenxi Yang

With the rapid growth in thrust-to-weight ratio and turbine inlet temperature in modern aeroengines, the cooling flow required for hot section components can now approach 25% of the core airflow, which substantially constrains further improvements in thrust and overall performance. This study proposes an ejector-assisted cooling configuration tailored to aeroengine operating conditions, in which high-pressure stage bleed air serves as the primary jet to entrain low-temperature, low-pressure air; the two streams then mix to form the coolant supply. By upgrading the coolant quality through entrainment while limiting the use of high-grade bleed, the proposed approach mitigates the performance penalty associated with bleed extraction while maintaining, and in some cases enhancing, cooling capability. The film cooling performance and flow-field characteristics of the proposed configuration are compared with those of a conventional cooling scheme, with particular attention to the effects of high-pressure bleed level and local external pressure at the cooling location. The results indicate that, for a fixed high-pressure bleed condition, the adiabatic film cooling effectiveness increases by 136% when the ejection cooling configuration is adopted. Even when the bleed flow rate equals the total ejector discharge flow rate, the adiabatic effectiveness still increases by 62%. In addition, the ejection cooling configuration suppresses the anti-kidney vortex pair at the hole exit, leading to a more favorable downstream flow field. When the ratio of bleed pressure to secondary-flow pressure exceeds 4, the proposed configuration exhibits consistently high cooling performance across the parameter range considered. By contrast, for pressure ratios below 4, high effectiveness is achieved primarily under low external pressure at the cooling location. Finally, engine-model assessments show that the ejection cooling configuration can increase thrust while reducing thrust-specific fuel consumption. Overall, the proposed cooling structure offers a viable pathway toward combining low bleed consumption with high cooling effectiveness for future high-performance aeroengines.

随着现代航空发动机推重比和涡轮入口温度的快速增长，热截面部件所需的冷却流量现在可以接近核心气流的25%，这极大地限制了推力和整体性能的进一步提高。本研究提出了一种适合航空发动机运行条件的喷射器辅助冷却配置，其中高压级引气作为主射流以夹带低温低压空气；然后这两股气流混合形成冷却剂供应。该方法通过夹带提升冷却液的质量，同时限制了高级排液的使用，从而减轻了与排液提取相关的性能损失，同时保持甚至在某些情况下增强了冷却能力。将该结构的气膜冷却性能和流场特性与传统冷却方案进行了比较，并特别注意了高压排气水平和冷却位置局部外部压力的影响。结果表明，在固定的高压排气条件下，采用喷射冷却方式，绝热膜冷却效率提高了136%。当引射流量等于总引射流量时，绝热效率仍可提高62%。此外，喷射冷却结构抑制了孔出口处的反肾涡对，导致了更有利的下游流场。当排气压力与二次流压力之比超过4时，所建议的配置在所考虑的参数范围内都表现出一贯的高冷却性能。相比之下，对于低于4的压力比，主要是在冷却位置的低外部压力下实现高效率。最后，发动机模型评估表明，弹射冷却配置可以增加推力，同时降低推力特定燃料消耗。总的来说，所提出的冷却结构为未来高性能航空发动机的低排气消耗和高冷却效率提供了一条可行的途径。

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引用次数: 0

Physics-informed neural network for temperature-dependent gas flow modeling in alkaline electrolyzers 碱性电解槽中温度相关气体流动建模的物理信息神经网络

IF 6.9 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.129916

Willy Satrio Nugroho , Purnami Purnami , Abdul Mudjib Sulaiman Wahid , I.N.G. Wardana

Improving the efficiency of green hydrogen production is essential to the shift to a carbon-neutral economy, and optimizing gas filling dynamics is crucial to raising the system's Energy Return on Investment (EROI). By combining one-dimensional, steady-state conservation laws with experimental operational data, this study creates a Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN) to simulate the coupled temperature and gas velocity evolution in an alkaline electrolyzer. The non-physical, step-like discontinuities in the initial PINN predictions showed that it was difficult to enforce the smooth gradients that the governing differential equations required. Bayesian hyperparameter optimization was used to get around this numerical stiffness. The optimization process achieves a global optimum (Trial 10, objective value of −24,715.30) with a single wide hidden layer and the tanh activation function. The learning rate was confirmed as the most important hyperparameter, with an importance score of 0.84. This shows how important it is for successful convergence. The final optimized PINN had great fidelity, making temperature and gas velocity profiles that were smooth, continuous, and physically coherent. Therefore, the PINN model can be integrated with the thermostat to provide adaptive ambient temperature control to maximizes gas velocity during hydrogen buffer tank filling.

提高绿色制氢效率对于向碳中和经济转型至关重要，而优化充氢动态对于提高系统的能源投资回报率（EROI）至关重要。通过将一维稳态守恒定律与实验操作数据相结合，本研究创建了一个物理信息神经网络（PINN）来模拟碱性电解槽中温度和气体速度的耦合演化。在最初的PINN预测中，非物理的、阶梯状的不连续表明，很难实现控制微分方程所需的平滑梯度。采用贝叶斯超参数优化方法绕过该数值刚度。优化过程实现了单宽隐藏层和tanh激活函数的全局最优（Trial 10，目标值为−24,715.30）。学习率被确认为最重要的超参数，其重要性得分为0.84。这表明它对于成功的收敛是多么重要。最终优化的PINN具有很高的保真度，使温度和气体速度曲线光滑、连续且物理上一致。因此，PINN模型可以与恒温器集成，以提供自适应的环境温度控制，以最大限度地提高氢气缓冲罐加注过程中的气体速度。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of coal stockpile heat dissipation characteristics on indoor thermal environment in semi-transparent membrane storage buildings 半透明膜储煤建筑储煤散热特性对室内热环境的影响

IF 6.9 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.129881

Guoji Tian , Linlin Li , Jiabin Wang , Yuesheng Fan , Huifan Zheng , Qiang Luo

This study examines the effect of heat dissipation from large coal stockpiles on the indoor thermal environment of semi-transparent membrane storage structures, which is critical for understanding thermal comfort in industrial buildings without adequate ventilation. Despite the increasing use of membrane structures, little research has been conducted on how internal heat sources like coal affect thermal conditions in these buildings. The novelty of this work lies in the development of a thermal environment analysis model specifically for semi-transparent membrane coal storage buildings, which accounts for varying heat source intensities, surface temperatures, and emissivities. This model offers a more precise understanding of how these factors influence the internal thermal environment. A thermal environment analysis model was developed to examine the effects of internal heat sources (coal) under natural ventilation conditions The effects of coal as an internal heat source were analyzed through key parameters such as the Grashof number (Gr), dimensionless temperature (Θ), and radiation-to-convection ratio (ψ), under natural ventilation conditions. The results show that the intensity of the heat source is positively correlated with the dimensionless temperature in the working area. For example, when the emissivity is 0.95 and heat source intensity increases from 20 W/m² to 110 W/m², the dimensionless temperature increases by 36.24%. Additionally, the storage of coal increases the working-zone average temperature to 47.5 °C, creating a significant indoor-outdoor temperature differential of 12.4 °C, indicating a substantial thermal discomfort. These results reveal the quantitative connections between the thermal properties of coal and environmental factors, offering essential design recommendations for optimizing the thermal conditions in semi-transparent membrane industrial buildings.

本研究考察了大型储煤散热量对半透明膜储煤结构室内热环境的影响，这对于了解缺乏充分通风的工业建筑的热舒适性至关重要。尽管膜结构的使用越来越多，但很少有研究对内部热源如煤如何影响这些建筑的热条件。这项工作的新颖之处在于开发了一个专门针对半透明膜储煤建筑的热环境分析模型，该模型考虑了不同的热源强度、表面温度和发射率。该模型对这些因素如何影响内部热环境提供了更精确的理解。建立了自然通风条件下内热源（煤）的热环境分析模型，通过Grashof数（Gr）、无因次温度（Θ）和辐射对流比（ψ）等关键参数分析了煤作为自然通风条件下内热源的影响。结果表明：热源强度与工作区内无因次温度呈正相关；例如，当发射率为0.95，热源强度从20 W/m2增加到110 W/m2时，无因次温度升高36.24%。此外，煤的储存使工作区域的平均温度增加到47.5°C，造成12.4°C的显著室内外温差，表明存在严重的热不适。这些结果揭示了煤的热性能与环境因素之间的定量联系，为优化半透明膜工业建筑的热条件提供了重要的设计建议。

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引用次数: 0

Performance enhancement of R-1234ze(E) in automotive air-conditioning system with graphene nanoplatelets/polyol ester nanolubricant 石墨烯纳米片/多元醇酯纳米润滑剂增强R-1234ze(E)在汽车空调系统中的性能

IF 6.9 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.129948

Jackly Muriban , Rizalman Mamat , Galang Sandy Prayogo , Muhammad Zikri Japri

The lower thermodynamic performance of ultra-low global warming potential refrigerant R1234ze(E) relative to R134a has constrained its direct application in automotive air-conditioning (AC), particularly in electrically driven scroll compressor (EDC) systems that are highly sensitive to suction density and frictional losses. This study experimentally evaluates an automotive AC-EDC system charged with a 0.05 vol% graphene nanoplatelets/polyol ester (GNP/POE) nanolubricant using a fully sealed fluid-side evaporator calorimeter architecture compliant with ASHRAE 41.9–2025 and boundary conditions aligned with the SAE J2765 industry test-bench envelopes. The system performance was evaluated in terms of refrigeration effect, compressor work, power consumption, and coefficient of performance (COP). Results showed that the baseline POE/R1234ze(E) exhibited a marginal 9.04% COP penalty compared to POE/R134a; however, the incorporation of GNP reversed these thermodynamic and tribological penalties, delivering an average COP increase of 19.64% relative to POE/R134a and 16.91% relative to POE/R1234ze(E) alone, with the maximum improvement reaching 39.00% at 360 g charge and 2000 RPM in the validated low-speed, high-charge recovery region. Peak compressor-work reduction was 40.52% with electrical-power savings of 33.24%, linked to reduced compressor enthalpy-rise demand under improved lubrication. Therefore, GNP/POE dispersions provide a passive, hardware-neutral approach to improving the performance of R1234ze(E) in automotive EDC system, without hardware modification.

与R134a相比，超低全球变暖潜势制冷剂R1234ze(E)的热力学性能较低，这限制了其在汽车空调（AC）中的直接应用，特别是在对吸力密度和摩擦损失高度敏感的电动涡旋压缩机（EDC）系统中。本研究使用符合ASHRAE 419 - 2025标准的全密封流体侧蒸汽器量热计架构，并与SAE J2765工业试验台信封一致的边界条件，对充电0.05%体积的石墨烯纳米片/多醇酯（GNP/POE）纳米润滑剂的汽车AC-EDC系统进行了实验评估。从制冷效果、压缩机功、功耗和性能系数（COP）等方面对系统性能进行了评价。结果表明，与POE/R134a相比，POE/R1234ze(E)的基线COP损失为9.04%；然而，GNP的加入逆转了这些热力学和摩擦学方面的影响，相对于POE/R134a和POE/R1234ze(E)的平均COP增加了19.64%，相对于POE/R1234ze(E)的平均COP增加了16.91%，在经过验证的低速、高电荷恢复区域，360 g充电和2000 RPM时的最大改进达到了39.00%。压缩机峰值功减少40.52%，电力节省33.24%，这与改善润滑条件下压缩机焓升需求降低有关。因此，GNP/POE分散体提供了一种被动的、硬件中立的方法来提高R1234ze(E)在汽车EDC系统中的性能，而无需修改硬件。

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引用次数: 0

Analysis and improvement of full field falling film and heat transfer characteristics in the evaporators 蒸发器全场降膜及传热特性分析与改进

IF 6.9 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.129964

Qian Cheng , Xia Song , Yue-Xi Dang , Shen Du , Zhan-Bin Liu , Ming-Jia Li

Addressing the current issues of unclear falling film heat transfer characteristics and unsatisfactory heat transfer performance in evaporator, this study investigates the falling film heat transfer characteristics under both uniform and non-uniform flow conditions and explores the improvement of heat transfer performance across the entire evaporator. Firstly, this study investigates the R134a flow field and the heat transfer coefficient distributions under two distinct flow conditions using a two-dimensional two-phase flow transient model of the falling film evaporator. Secondly, four improvement strategies are proposed based on the aforementioned characteristics. Finally, the effects of improved structures on R134a distribution, fluid velocity, and the overall heat transfer coefficient are investigated. The results demonstrate that under uniform and non-uniform flow conditions, the falling film region forms counterclockwise and clockwise rotational flow fields, respectively. The lateral flow of R134a within this region leads to restricted evaporator performance. Improved structures with different numbers of vertical baffles are designed. These structures effectively suppress low velocity transverse flow, increase high velocity longitudinal flow, promote uniformity of liquid R134a distribution, and enhance heat transfer performance in the falling film region. The improved structure shows significant enhancement in the overall heat transfer coefficient, with improvements of 12.38% and 69.22% over the original structure under the two operating conditions, respectively.

针对目前蒸发器降膜换热特性不明确、换热性能不理想的问题，研究了均匀流动和非均匀流动条件下的降膜换热特性，探讨了整个蒸发器换热性能的提高。首先，采用降膜蒸发器二维两相流动瞬态模型，研究了两种不同流动条件下R134a的流场及换热系数分布。其次，根据上述特点，提出了四种改进策略。最后，研究了改进结构对R134a分布、流体速度和总换热系数的影响。结果表明，在均匀流动和非均匀流动条件下，降膜区分别形成逆时针和顺时针旋转流场。R134a在该区域的横向流动导致蒸发器性能受限。设计了不同数量垂直挡板的改进结构。这些结构有效地抑制了低速横向流动，增加了高速纵向流动，促进了液体R134a分布的均匀性，提高了降膜区换热性能。改进后的结构整体换热系数显著提高，在两种工况下分别比原结构提高了12.38%和69.22%。

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引用次数: 0

Numerical study of oxy-flame-droplet combustion of suspension fuel prepared from waste 废物制备悬浮燃料的氧焰-液滴燃烧数值研究

IF 6.9 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.129918

V.A. Kuznetsov, D.M. Bozheeva, A.V. Minakov

Due to the growth in the volume of household and industrial waste, there is a need to develop environmentally friendly methods of their disposal. One of such promising technologies could be oxy-flame-droplet combustion of suspension fuel prepared from waste. Increasing the oxygen concentration in the blast provides a number of advantages that allow: reducing the ignition induction period of low-reactivity fuel, intensifying the combustion process, increasing the efficiency of the power plant and reducing the level of harmful emissions (NO_x, CO, CO₂, dust). The dependence of the ignition and combustion processes of suspension fuels with high moisture content on the fuel characteristics and the properties of the combustion environment under conditions with increased oxygen content is a research gap. The paper presents a numerical study of the physical and chemical processes of oxy-flame-droplet combustion of a fuel suspension prepared on the basis of a product from the processing of worn-out automobile tires. The atomization of suspension fuel is described using the ELSA (Eulerian-Lagrangian Spray Atomization) method and the KHRT (Kelvin-Helmholtz Rayleigh-Taylor) breakup model. The description of combustion processes is based on the URANS (Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes) approach, the Lagrangian model of droplet motion and the EDC (Eddy Dissipation Concept) model. A numerical study was conducted on the dependence of spray parameters, combustion processes and the level of harmful emissions on the operating modes of a pneumatic nozzle. The results of modeling the process of spraying suspension fuel showed that increasing the speed of the oxygen jet inside the nozzle from 90 to 340 m/s leads to a decrease in the average droplet size by 3 times (from 138 to 45 μm). It was found that a decrease in the average droplet size from 150 to 50 μm (with other parameters fixed) leads to a decrease in the torch size and an increase in the local maximum torch temperature from 1170 to 1270 °C. It has been shown that for all the modes considered, this technology provides a low level of NO_x emissions (no more than 200 (ppm, 6% O2 d.b.).

由于家庭和工业废物数量的增加，有必要发展对环境友好的处理方法。其中一个很有前途的技术是用氧焰-液滴燃烧从废物中制备的悬浮燃料。增加爆炸中的氧气浓度提供了许多优点，可以缩短低反应性燃料的点火诱导期，加强燃烧过程，提高发电厂的效率并降低有害排放物（NOx， CO, CO2，粉尘）的水平。高含水率悬浮燃料的点火和燃烧过程取决于燃料特性和氧含量增加条件下燃烧环境的性质，这是一个研究空白。本文对以废旧汽车轮胎加工产品为原料制备的燃油悬浮液的氧焰-液滴燃烧的物理化学过程进行了数值研究。采用欧拉-拉格朗日喷雾雾化（ELSA）方法和Kelvin-Helmholtz Rayleigh-Taylor破裂模型对悬浮燃料的雾化进行了描述。燃烧过程的描述基于URANS（非定常雷诺-平均纳维-斯托克斯）方法、拉格朗日液滴运动模型和EDC（涡流耗散概念）模型。通过数值模拟研究了喷雾参数、燃烧过程和有害气体排放水平与气动喷嘴工作模式的关系。对悬浮燃料喷射过程的模拟结果表明，将喷嘴内的氧气射流速度从90 m/s提高到340 m/s，平均液滴尺寸减小了3倍（从138 μm减小到45 μm）。结果表明，当平均液滴尺寸从150 μm减小到50 μm（其他参数不变）时，焊枪尺寸减小，焊枪局部最高温度从1170℃升高到1270℃；研究表明，对于所有考虑的模式，该技术提供了低水平的氮氧化物排放(不超过200 （ppm, 6% O2 d.b.）。

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引用次数: 0

Self-actuated thermomagnetic agitator for advanced immersion cooling in data centers 用于数据中心先进浸入式冷却的自驱动热磁搅拌器

IF 6.9 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.129931

Byoungjin Yoon , Gimin Park , Jeyeon Lee , Youngbo Shim , So-Min Song , Hyunseok Song , Yongke Yan , Heemin Kang , Jungho Ryu , Jeong Min Baik , Wonjoon Choi , Hyun-Cheol Song , Sunghoon Hur

The continuous increase in power density of artificial intelligence (AI) chips and data center processors demands highly efficient thermal management solutions. While immersion cooling provides higher heat dissipation capability than conventional air cooling, its efficiency remains constrained by additional energy consumption required for mechanical pumping or condensing loads. Here, we introduce a self-actuated thermomagnetic (TM) agitator that harnesses waste heat from electronic devices to generate mechanical motion, thereby inducing localized fluid mixing. The agitator, composed of a magnetic material mounted on elastic cantilevers, undergoes periodic vertical oscillations near the Curie temperature due to temperature-dependent magnetic phase transitions, thereby enhancing convective heat transfer without any external power input. Theoretical analysis and structural optimization were conducted to determine the optimal operating conditions. Experimental results revealed that the TM agitator enhanced the convective heat transfer coefficient by up to 81% compared to natural convection cooling. The GPU chip demonstration showed that identical performance could be achieved with more than 30% less power consumption. These findings indicate that the integrating the TM agitator into existing immersion cooling platforms can augment cooling efficiency without additional power usage and shows a promising route for the thermal management of high-power density electronics and future data centers.

人工智能（AI）芯片和数据中心处理器的功率密度不断提高，需要高效的热管理解决方案。虽然浸入式冷却提供了比传统空气冷却更高的散热能力，但其效率仍然受到机械泵送或冷凝负载所需的额外能耗的限制。在这里，我们介绍了一种自驱动热磁（TM）搅拌器，它利用电子设备的废热产生机械运动，从而诱导局部流体混合。该搅拌器由安装在弹性悬臂上的磁性材料组成，由于温度相关的磁相变，在居里温度附近经历周期性垂直振荡，从而在没有任何外部电源输入的情况下增强对流换热。通过理论分析和结构优化，确定了最佳工况。实验结果表明，与自然对流冷却相比，TM搅拌器的对流换热系数提高了81%。GPU芯片的演示表明，在功耗降低30%以上的情况下，可以实现相同的性能。这些发现表明，将TM搅拌器集成到现有的浸入式冷却平台中可以提高冷却效率，而无需额外的功率消耗，为高功率密度电子设备和未来数据中心的热管理提供了一条有前途的途径。

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引用次数: 0

Physics-guided genetic algorithm for optimization of multi-jet impingement cooling 多射流冲击冷却优化的物理导向遗传算法

IF 6.9 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.129889

Yonghun Kim , Haeun Lee , Seokwon Jeong , Nana Kang , Changwoo Han , Dongmin Shin , Hyoungsoon Lee

Efficient thermal management is essential for maximizing the performance and reliability of power semiconductor devices, particularly in data centers, electric vehicles, drive motors, and photovoltaic systems. Multi-jet impingement cooling has emerged as a promising solution, offering enhanced heat transfer from thinning boundary layers, and localized cooling capabilities, but its optimization remains challenging due to the complexity and high dimensionality of the design parameter space. This study develops machine learning framework coupled with a genetic algorithm to efficiently predict and optimize the thermal and hydraulic performance of multi-jet impingement cooling. We trained scalar and multimodal machine learning models using comprehensive computational fluid dynamics simulations, incorporating physical principles to enhance predictive accuracy. As a result, prediction errors decreased substantially, from 408.2% to 10.3% for pressure drop and from 25.9% to 3.7% for maximum temperature. Compared to conventional computational approaches, our proposed methodology significantly reduces computational effort and accelerates the identification of optimal cooling configurations. This study presents a robust and efficient strategy for advancing thermal management solutions critical to next generation high power semiconductor applications.

高效的热管理对于最大限度地提高功率半导体器件的性能和可靠性至关重要，特别是在数据中心、电动汽车、驱动电机和光伏系统中。多喷流碰撞冷却已经成为一种很有前途的解决方案，可以通过变薄的边界层增强热传递，并具有局部冷却能力，但由于设计参数空间的复杂性和高维性，其优化仍然具有挑战性。本研究开发了结合遗传算法的机器学习框架，以有效地预测和优化多射流冲击冷却的热性能和水力性能。我们使用综合计算流体动力学模拟来训练标量和多模态机器学习模型，并结合物理原理来提高预测准确性。结果，预测误差大幅降低，压降预测误差从408.2%降至10.3%，最高温度预测误差从25.9%降至3.7%。与传统的计算方法相比，我们提出的方法显着减少了计算工作量，并加速了最佳冷却配置的识别。本研究为推进下一代高功率半导体应用的关键热管理解决方案提供了一个强大而高效的策略。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of ozone addition on lean-burn ammonia-hydrogen combustion in spark-ignition engine 臭氧添加对火花点火发动机贫燃氨氢燃烧的影响

IF 6.9 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.129926

Xuanjie Cui , Juanya Shen , Qingxuan Wang , Peng Liu , Zhen Huang , Dong Han

This study examines the effects of ozone addition on the combustion and emissions of spark-ignition ammonia‑hydrogen engines operating under lean-burn conditions, addressing challenges such as low flame propagation speed and high ignition energy in ammonia combustion. Utilizing three-dimensional numerical simulations, the research evaluates the impact of varied ozone concentrations (1.0–2.0%) on engine performance and emissions, and explores the ultra-lean combustion limit at a high ozone concentration of 2.0%. The results show that ozone addition enhances the lean combustion process. As the ozone concentration increases, the indicated mean effective pressure and indicated thermal efficiency initially increase and then decline. Ozone addition extends the lean combustion limit of the ammonia‑hydrogen engine, reduces the risk of engine knocking, decreases heat transfer losses, and enhances thermal efficiency. Promising performance is observed at an equivalence ratio of 0.3 with 2.0% ozone, resulting in higher indicated thermal efficiency and lower total pollutant emissions under the investigated conditions.

本研究考察了臭氧添加对在稀燃条件下运行的火花点火式氨氢发动机燃烧和排放的影响，解决了氨燃烧中火焰传播速度低和点火能量高的挑战。利用三维数值模拟技术，研究了不同臭氧浓度（1.0-2.0%）对发动机性能和排放的影响，并探索了高浓度臭氧浓度为2.0%时的超稀薄燃烧极限。结果表明，臭氧的加入对稀薄燃烧过程有促进作用。随着臭氧浓度的增加，指示平均有效压力和指示热效率先增大后减小。臭氧的加入延长了氨氢发动机的稀薄燃烧极限，降低了发动机爆震的风险，减少了传热损失，提高了热效率。当臭氧的当量比为0.3，臭氧的当量比为2.0%时，表明热效率较高，总污染物排放量较低。

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引用次数: 0