Applied Thermal Engineering最新文献_第7页

Water vapor absorption performance evaluation of LiBr fine particle slurry on absorption heat pump system 溴化锂细颗粒浆料在吸收式热泵系统上的水蒸气吸收性能评价

IF 6.9 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.129714

Dio Afinanda Makarim , Shumpei Hayashida , Akira Suami , Agung Tri Wijayanta , Nobusuke Kobayashi , Yoshinori Itaya

Absorption heat pump systems using conventional LiBr/H₂O are limited by crystallization issues. To address these issues, a combination of LiBr fine particle slurries formed by zeolite seeds was prepared under supersaturated conditions. The water vapor absorption performance of slurry in a lab-scale of 2 columns setup of absorber and evaporator is examined for higher temperature generation by recovering waste heat of 60 °C in this present study. The experiment was conducted to bridge the theoretical prediction in the previous study and practical application. The results showed that higher crystal concentration significantly enhances the absorption rate and maximum temperature. The slurry with 0.2996 kg-LiBr crystal/kg-slurry achieved a maximum temperature of 122 °C, exceeding the homogeneous solutions with a temperature of only 107 °C. As a result, the absorbed water vapor increased from 0.042 kg to 0.045 kg while the maximum absorption rate also increased from 0.00037 kg/s to 0.00055 kg/s. These improvements validated the self-condensation effect, in which the dissolution of crystals maintains saturation and allows temperatures to exceed the adiabatic limit. The relationship between absorption rate and pressure difference was illustrated by developing the piecewise linear correlation. To reproduce the transient temperature and the concentration under both adiabatic and non-adiabatic conditions, a comprehensive heat balance model is proposed, which includes sensible and latent heat, crystal dissolution, and heat losses. Both experimental and simulation comparisons demonstrate that slurries offer a better absorption rate and higher temperature output than homogeneous solutions. The models also predicted that the adiabatic equilibrium temperature of slurry becomes as high as 146 °C. The present study highlights the potential of utilizing the self-condensation mechanism of fine particle crystal slurries as advanced working fluids to enhance heat transfer in the absorption heat pump systems.

使用传统LiBr/H2O的吸收式热泵系统受到结晶问题的限制。为了解决这些问题，在过饱和条件下制备了沸石种子形成的LiBr细颗粒组合浆料。本研究在实验室规模的吸收塔和蒸发器两塔装置中，通过回收60°C的废热来产生更高的温度，研究了浆料的水蒸气吸收性能。实验是为了将前人研究中的理论预测与实际应用相衔接。结果表明，晶体浓度越高，吸收率越高，最高温度越高。含0.2996 kg-LiBr晶体/kg-浆料的浆液最高温度达到122℃，超过了温度仅为107℃的均相溶液。水蒸气吸收量由0.042 kg增加到0.045 kg，最大吸收率由0.00037 kg/s增加到0.00055 kg/s。这些改进证实了自凝效应，即晶体的溶解保持饱和，并允许温度超过绝热极限。通过建立分段线性相关关系，说明了吸收率与压差之间的关系。为了再现绝热和非绝热条件下的瞬态温度和浓度，提出了一个综合的热平衡模型，包括感热和潜热、晶体溶解和热损失。实验和模拟比较表明，浆料比均匀溶液具有更好的吸收率和更高的温度输出。模型还预测料浆的绝热平衡温度高达146℃。本研究强调了利用细颗粒结晶浆料的自凝结机制作为先进工质来增强吸收式热泵系统的传热的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Interfacial engineering-mediated heterogeneous nucleation and thermal transport for dielectric fluid 介面工程介导的介电流体非均质成核与热输运

IF 6.9 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.129664

Xiang-Wei Lin, Xiao-Fei Zhou, Xin-Yi Lin, Youjun Lu, Dengwei Jing, Bin Chen, Zhi-Fu Zhou

Mitigating the high-flux waste heat is essential and challenging to industrial applications such as artificial intelligence and high-power devices. Boiling heat transfer which combines convection with phase-change is promising for high heat-flux cooling. Despite extensive research, systematic understanding of bubble nucleation and thermal transport mechanisms is seemingly unresolve yet because the evaporative mass transfer is highly affected by microlayer at extremely small spatial-temporal scales. This occurs in a system highly dependent on interfacial properties like intermolecular interactions and heat carrier transport characteristics, which are currently difficult to reveal through experimental observations. In this study, the underlying influences of interfacial wetting and functionalized surfaces on heterogeneous boiling of dielectric fluid R1336mzz(Z) are comprehensively varied and examined from molecular dynamics viewpoint. Results reveal that the occurrence of nanobubble embryos has a trade-off relationship between thermal transport and potential energy barrier under different wetting conditions. Even though dielectric fluids show highly wettable property under macro conditions, further increasing solid-liquid interactions can still significantly improve boiling heat transfer performance before energy coefficient reaches 1.75. Additionally, introducing the self-assembled monolayer as an intermediate buffer shows to superior boiling performance than nonchemically planar interfaces through collaboratively modifying the interatomic interaction energy and bridging the vibration spectrum across interfaces. These findings elucidate the physical mechanism behind thermal transport in heterogeneous nucleation and also shed light on interfacial tailoring for boiling heat transfer enhancement.

减轻高通量废热对于人工智能和大功率设备等工业应用至关重要，也是具有挑战性的。沸腾换热是一种对流相变相结合的换热方法。尽管研究广泛，但由于蒸发传质在极小的时空尺度上受到微层的高度影响，对气泡成核和热输运机制的系统理解似乎尚未得到解决。这发生在一个高度依赖于界面特性的系统中，如分子间相互作用和热载体传输特性，目前很难通过实验观察来揭示。本文从分子动力学的角度全面考察了界面润湿和功能化表面对介电流体R1336mzz(Z)非均相沸腾的潜在影响。结果表明，在不同的润湿条件下，纳米气泡胚胎的发生具有热传递和势能势垒之间的权衡关系。尽管介电流体在宏观条件下表现出高度的可湿性，但在能量系数达到1.75之前，进一步增加固液相互作用仍能显著提高沸腾换热性能。此外，引入自组装单层作为中间缓冲层，通过协同改变原子间相互作用能和桥接界面间的振动谱，显示出比非化学平面界面更优越的沸腾性能。这些发现阐明了非均相成核过程中热传递的物理机制，并揭示了界面裁剪对沸腾传热增强的作用。

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引用次数: 0

A multiscale method for enhancing temperature uniformity and lightweight of battery thermal management system 提高电池热管理系统温度均匀性和轻量化的多尺度方法

IF 6.9 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.129700

Yijie Fu , Jianhui Shi , Renjing Gao , Shutian Liu

Liquid cooling is a primary thermal management solution for lithium-ion battery packs. However, conventional designs with uniform thermal interfaces often lead to temperature inhomogeneity and excessive weight, reducing overall energy density. This study proposes a novel multiscale optimization framework to concurrently enhance temperature uniformity and achieve lightweight design in battery thermal management systems (BTMS). Leveraging the system's periodicity, we decompose the complex module into Minimal Repeating Units (MRUs). A key innovation lies in our sequential two-stage approach: density-based topology optimization is first applied at the MRU scale to generate efficient heat transfer structures under varying volume constraints. Subsequently, the optimized configurations are used to construct response surfaces, mathematically linking material usage and inlet coolant temperature to battery and outlet temperatures. This enables the development of a highly efficient analytical model for rapid module-level simulation. Finally, a Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm (MOGA) optimizes the material distribution among MRUs, tailoring the thermal interface design to the coolant's progressively increasing temperature. For a 16-battery module, the final design reduces the temperature difference from 1.95 °C to 0.33 °C (an 83.08 % improvement) and the structural weight from 210.68 g to 160.83 g (a 23.66 % reduction). Similar superior performance is validated on a larger 32-battery module. Experimental validation confirms the efficacy of the proposed methodology.

液体冷却是锂离子电池组的主要热管理解决方案。然而，具有均匀热界面的传统设计往往导致温度不均匀和重量过重，降低了总能量密度。本研究提出了一种新的多尺度优化框架，可同时提高电池热管理系统（BTMS）的温度均匀性和轻量化设计。利用系统的周期性，我们将复杂模块分解为最小重复单元（mru）。一个关键的创新在于我们的连续两阶段方法：基于密度的拓扑优化首先应用于MRU规模，以在不同体积限制下产生有效的传热结构。随后，优化后的配置用于构建响应面，以数学方式将材料使用量、进口冷却剂温度与电池和出口温度联系起来。这使得开发一个高效的分析模型，用于快速模块级仿真。最后，采用多目标遗传算法（MOGA）优化mru之间的材料分布，根据冷却剂逐渐升高的温度定制热界面设计。对于16电池模块，最终设计将温差从1.95°C减少到0.33°C（改进83.08%），结构重量从210.68 g减少到160.83 g（减少23.66%）。在更大的32节电池模块上验证了类似的优越性能。实验验证证实了所提方法的有效性。

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引用次数: 0

Synergistic heat transfer enhancement in circular minichannel heat sinks via spiral grooves and twisted tape 通过螺旋槽和扭曲带增强圆形小通道散热器的协同传热

IF 6.9 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.129719

Guibin Lou , Tao Yu , Chen Jiao , Syed Mesum Raza Naqvi , Shuai Huang , Muhammad Ali Nasir , Zongjun Tian , Lida Shen

To further enhance the heat transfer performance of the minichannel heat sink, a minichannel heat sink integrating twisted tape and spiral grooves was designed, drawing inspiration from the concept of synergistic enhancement. Based on the similarity or difference in the rotational direction between the spiral grooves and the twisted tape, the spiral grooves are classified into co-rotating and counter-rotating types. The twisted tape and spiral grooves were integrally fabricated using the selective laser melting (SLM) technique. Experimental methods were employed to validate the synergistic enhancement performance of the twisted tape and spiral grooves, while numerical methods were utilized to elucidate the synergistic enhancement mechanism. Within a volumetric flow rate range of 0.606–2.424 L/min, the heat sink with twisted tape and four co-rotating spiral grooves (HS-TCSG4) exhibited Nusselt numbers (Nu) of 115.06–213.43 and friction factors (f) of 0.63–0.87. The heat sink with twisted tape and four counter-rotating spiral grooves (HS-TXSG4) demonstrated Nu of 118.86–243.98 and f of 0.64–0.99. Taking the comprehensive performance evaluation criterion (PEC) as the evaluation index, the PEC of HS-TXSG4 ranges from 1.61 to 1.73. The results of numerical simulations reveal a synergistic enhancement in heat transfer performance. The co-rotating spiral grooves enhance surface heat transfer via increased interfacial contact, while counter-rotating grooves achieve enhancement through effective area expansion, small-scale vortex generation, and thermal boundary layer disruption.

为了进一步提高小通道散热器的传热性能，从协同增强的概念中汲取灵感，设计了一种集扭曲带和螺旋槽于一体的小通道散热器。根据螺旋槽与扭带在旋转方向上的相似或不同，将螺旋槽分为同旋转型和反旋转型。采用选择性激光熔化（SLM）技术，将扭曲带和螺旋槽整合在一起。采用实验方法验证了扭曲带与螺旋槽的协同增强性能，并采用数值方法阐明了协同增强机理。在容积流量0.606 ~ 2.424 L/min范围内，双扭带四共旋转螺旋槽散热器（HS-TCSG4）的努塞尔数（Nu）为115.06 ~ 213.43，摩擦因数(f)为0.63 ~ 0.87。双扭带四逆旋转螺旋槽散热器（HS-TXSG4）的Nu值为118.86 ~ 243.98，f值为0.64 ~ 0.99。以综合性能评价标准（PEC）为评价指标，HS-TXSG4的PEC范围为1.61 ~ 1.73。数值模拟结果揭示了传热性能的协同增强。同向旋转的螺旋槽通过增加界面接触来增强表面传热，而反向旋转的螺旋槽通过有效面积扩张、小尺度涡产生和热边界层破坏来增强传热。

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引用次数: 0

Modeling and performance analysis of solar-integrated combined cooling, heating, and power systems for office buildings 办公楼太阳能综合冷热电系统建模与性能分析

IF 6.9 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.129722

Shangkuan Yang, Xuemei Zhang, Tiantian Yang, Zheng Qian, Zhiwei Wang, Chaogui Qin, Zhiguang Chen

Buildings account for significant global energy consumption and carbon emissions, necessitating advancements in energy efficiency and decarbonization. This study evaluates three solar-integrated combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) systems—incorporating photovoltaic (PV), solar thermal (ST), or hybrid photovoltaic-thermal (PV/T) units—for an office building in Shanghai. Dynamic system simulations were conducted in Dymola using Modelica, incorporating quasi-steady state component models where appropriate. Simulations under following-electric-load (FEL) and following-thermal-load (FTL) strategies assessing primary energy consumption (PEC), CO2 emissions (CDE), and annual operating costs (COST). Results show that all solar-assisted CCHP systems outperform a conventional CCHP baseline without solar integration. The PV/T-integrated system achieved the greatest environmental benefits, reducing PEC by 38.49 % and CDE by 16.55 %. The PV-integrated system was most cost-effective, lowering COST by 4.62 %. The FEL strategy, prioritizing electric load tracking, generally enhanced energy, environmental, and economic performance compared to FTL. These findings, specific to the case study, highlight a critical trade-off between PV/T for environmental benefits and PV for cost efficiency. Crucially, this study presents a robust dynamic simulation framework that can be adapted for optimizing solar-integrated CCHP systems in other urban contexts, providing transferable insights for sustainable building design.

建筑在全球能源消耗和碳排放中占有重要地位，因此必须提高能源效率和脱碳。本研究评估了三种太阳能集成的冷热电联产（CCHP）系统，包括光伏（PV）、太阳能热（ST）和光电热（PV/T）混合装置。动态系统仿真在Dymola中使用Modelica进行，适当时结合准稳态组件模型。在后续电负荷（FEL）和后续热负荷（FTL）策略下进行模拟，评估一次能源消耗（PEC）、二氧化碳排放（CDE）和年度运营成本（COST）。结果表明，所有太阳能辅助CCHP系统的性能都优于没有太阳能集成的传统CCHP基线。PV/ t集成系统取得了最大的环境效益，减少了38.49%的PEC和16.55%的CDE。光电集成系统的成本效益最高，降低了4.62%。与FTL相比，FEL战略优先考虑电力负荷跟踪，总体上增强了能源、环境和经济性能。这些发现，具体到案例研究，突出了PV/T环境效益和PV成本效率之间的关键权衡。至关重要的是，这项研究提出了一个强大的动态模拟框架，可以用于优化其他城市环境中的太阳能集成CCHP系统，为可持续建筑设计提供可转移的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Flow visualization and experiments on a single expansion ramp nozzle ejector for transcritical R744 refrigeration cycle 跨临界R744制冷循环单膨胀斜坡喷射器流动可视化及实验

IF 6.9 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.129682

Linan Guan , Ning Zhang , Yan Qin , Bo Dong , Cong Chen , Weizhong Li

Transcritical R744 refrigeration systems suffer from reduced energy efficiency because of substantial throttling losses that occur during the gas expansion process. In this study, a single expansion ramp nozzle (SERN) ejector, designed with the ramp side 5 mm longer than the flap side, was introduced into a transcritical R744 refrigeration cycle to overcome the limitations of a two-dimensional nozzle ejector. A comprehensive experimental investigation with quantitative shadowgraph visualization was conducted. The study examined the internal flow patterns, primary-flow width and expansion angle, secondary-flow width, as well as the entrainment ratio, coefficient of performance (COP), relative COP, and pressure lift under varying nozzle pressure ratio (NPR). The results showed that as the NPR increased, the primary flow deflected from the ramp side toward the flap side. The SERN consistently exhibited a larger expansion angle on the flap side than on the ramp side, confirming that the primary flow expanded more rapidly along the inclined flap wall. In addition, the SERN ejector showed an entrainment ratio of 0.43 to 0.59 at NPRs of 2.06 to 3.47, and it achieved a maximum improvement of 18 % over the two-dimensional ejector at an NPR of 2.06. At this NPR, the SERN ejector delivered a maximum COP of 2.91. The asymmetrical geometry of the ejector offers a promising pathway for improving the ejector performance, and these findings provide critically important insights into the entrainment mechanism.

由于气体膨胀过程中发生的大量节流损失，跨临界R744制冷系统的能源效率降低。为了克服二维喷管喷射器的局限性，在R744跨临界制冷循环中引入了一种单膨胀匝道喷射器（SERN），该喷射器设计的匝道侧比襟翼侧长5mm。对定量影图可视化进行了全面的实验研究。研究了不同喷嘴压力比（NPR）下的内部流型、一次流宽度和膨胀角、二次流宽度以及夹带比、性能系数（COP）、相对COP和压力升程。结果表明：随着NPR的增大，初级气流从坡道侧向襟翼侧偏转；SERN在襟翼侧的扩张角始终大于斜翼侧，证实了初级流沿倾斜襟翼壁面的扩张速度更快。此外，在NPR为2.06 ~ 3.47时，SERN喷射器的夹带比为0.43 ~ 0.59，在NPR为2.06时，该喷射器的夹带比比二维喷射器提高了18%。在此NPR下，SERN喷射器的最大COP为2.91。喷射器的非对称几何形状为提高喷射器的性能提供了一条有希望的途径，这些发现为研究夹带机制提供了至关重要的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Multiscale topology optimization with explicit de-homogenization for graded pin-fin heat sink design 带显式去均质化的分级针翅式散热器多尺度拓扑优化设计

IF 6.9 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.129723

Yonghwa Ji , Ercan M. Dede , Jaewook Lee

This paper is focused on a homogenization-based multiscale topology optimization (TO) framework with explicit de-homogenization for the design of graded pin-fin heat sinks subject to conjugate heat transfer. The proposed approach enables the design of diverse pin-fin geometries, and facilitates practical implementation through direct computer-aided design (CAD) model generation using explicit geometry feature representation. The proposed framework consists of three steps. Surrogate models for effective thermal conductivity and fluid permeability are first constructed using numerical homogenization and artificial neural networks. These models are then incorporated with cell rotations and macroscopic design variables to build the material property model, which is subsequently used to define and solve the TO problem. Finally, explicit de-homogenization is employed to restore optimized pin-fin microstructures using CAD feature representation, allowing direct generation of manufacturable CAD models. The effectiveness of the proposed framework is validated through a quantitative comparison of three benchmark heat sink designs using full three-dimensional (3D) numerical simulations. This comparison confirms that a multiscale heat sink design outperforms conventional (uniform fin, size-optimized fin, and macro-topology optimized fin) approaches by achieving a balanced configuration through effective flow redistribution. In addition, the practical applicability of the framework is established through additional examples including a Pareto front investigation for trade-off analysis and the direct generation of a 3D CAD model for additive manufacturing (AM).

本文研究了一种基于均质化的多尺度拓扑优化（TO）框架，该框架具有显式去均质化，可用于设计受共轭传热影响的梯度鳍片散热器。所提出的方法能够设计不同的针鳍几何形状，并通过使用显式几何特征表示的直接计算机辅助设计（CAD）模型生成促进实际实施。提议的框架包括三个步骤。首先利用数值均匀化和人工神经网络建立了有效导热系数和流体渗透率的替代模型。然后将这些模型与单元旋转和宏观设计变量结合起来构建材料属性模型，然后使用该模型定义和解决to问题。最后，采用显式去均质化方法，利用CAD特征表示恢复优化后的鳍片微结构，从而直接生成可制造的CAD模型。通过使用全三维（3D）数值模拟对三种基准散热器设计进行定量比较，验证了所提出框架的有效性。这个比较证实了多尺度散热器设计优于传统的（均匀翅片，尺寸优化翅片和宏观拓扑优化翅片）方法，通过有效的流动再分配实现平衡配置。此外，通过其他示例，包括用于权衡分析的帕累托前调查和用于增材制造（AM）的3D CAD模型的直接生成，建立了该框架的实际适用性。

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引用次数: 0

Simulation of supercritical carbon dioxide energy storage cycle based on “data + mechanism” model of heat exchanger 基于换热器“数据+机理”模型的超临界二氧化碳储能循环模拟

IF 6.9 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.129720

Di Wang , Lu Sun , Ying-Han Cui , Xiao-Juan Niu

To enhance renewable energy utilization efficiency, this study employs a hybrid “data + mechanism” modeling approach to simulate a supercritical carbon dioxide energy storage system (SC-CCES). The effects of key parameters on heat transfer and system dynamic response are investigated. This method significantly improves the accuracy of heat transfer coefficient calculations under specific operating conditions, thereby enhancing system safety and control stability. Results show that the neural network model accurately predicts heat transfer coefficients, with deviations below 5 % from measured values. In closed-cycle operation, even minor heat exchange deviations can accumulate, making the present model—which outperforms traditional equations by 20–30 %—critical for output characteristics. Sensitivity analysis reveals that increasing hot-end inlet pressure from 7.8 MPa to 8.5 MPa causes a power deviation up to 24.1 %. Dynamic analysis indicates that a step change in cold-end mass flow raises turbine outlet power during energy release by up to 11.06 %. The main innovation lies in introducing a “data and mechanism” fusion paradigm, offering a theoretical and technical foundation for engineering-scale development of SC-CCES technology.

为了提高可再生能源的利用效率，本研究采用“数据+机制”的混合建模方法对超临界二氧化碳储能系统（SC-CCES）进行了模拟。研究了关键参数对传热和系统动态响应的影响。该方法显著提高了特定工况下换热系数计算的准确性，从而增强了系统的安全性和控制稳定性。结果表明，该神经网络模型准确地预测了换热系数，与实测值的偏差小于5%。在闭式循环操作中，即使是很小的热交换偏差也会累积，使目前的模型（比传统方程性能好20 - 30%）对输出特性至关重要。灵敏度分析表明，将热端进口压力从7.8 MPa增加到8.5 MPa，功率偏差可达24.1%。动态分析表明，冷端质量流量的阶跃变化使能量释放时涡轮出口功率提高了11.06%。主要创新点在于引入了“数据与机制”的融合范式，为SC-CCES技术的工程规模发展提供了理论和技术基础。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental study on the continuous ice-making characteristics of sucrose solution by ultrasonic method 超声法蔗糖溶液连续制冰特性的实验研究

IF 6.9 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.129708

Guanhua Zhang , Shijin Cui , Wei Lu , Zhigen Wu , Xiaoyu Yan , Zhijie Zhou

Traditional ice-making methods such as the wall-scraping method suffer from issues including scraper wear and excessive energy consumption. This study investigates a continuous ice-making process using ultrasound to trigger ice formation from supercooled water under constant flow conditions (0.65

m^{3} \cdot h^{- 1}

flow rate, 0.57

m \cdot s^{- 1}

flow velocity), focusing on the potential of sucrose as a sustainable and effective additive. This study used environmental friendly sucrose as an additive in a supercooled ultrasonic continuous ice-making system with comparison to conventional additives (NaCl, ethylene glycol) and elucidation of the synergistic effects of sucrose concentration and ultrasonic power. Experimental results demonstrated that a 3 wt% sucrose solution at 70 W ultrasonic power produced finely dispersed ice crystals with a Sauter mean diameter of 0.15 mm, outperforming NaCl solutions (formed irregular crystals) and pure water (suffered from severe ice adhesion). Increasing the sucrose concentration from 1 to 7 wt% raised the solution's supercooling degree from 0.3 °C to 0.8 °C and refined the ice crystal size from 0.21 mm to 0.11 mm. However, ice production was non-monotonic, peaking within the 3–5 wt% concentration range. In addition, increasing ultrasonic power from 70 W to 280 W reduced both the supercooling degree and crystal size. The optimal ice-making rate of 6058.2 g/h was achieved at 140 W and excessive power inhibited further growth of ice-making rate.

传统的制冰方法，如刮墙法，存在刮刀磨损和能耗过大等问题。本研究研究了在恒定流量条件下（0.65 m3⋅h−1流量，0.57 m⋅s−1流速），利用超声波触发过冷水连续制冰过程，重点研究了蔗糖作为一种可持续有效添加剂的潜力。本研究将环境友好型蔗糖作为过冷超声连续制冰系统的添加剂，并与常规添加剂（NaCl、乙二醇）进行了比较，阐明了蔗糖浓度与超声功率的协同效应。实验结果表明，在70 W超声功率下，3 wt%蔗糖溶液产生的冰晶分散均匀，平均直径为0.15 mm，优于NaCl溶液（形成不规则晶体）和纯水（严重冰粘）。将蔗糖浓度从1%提高到7%，溶液的过冷度从0.3℃提高到0.8℃，冰晶尺寸从0.21 mm细化到0.11 mm。然而，冰的产生是非单调的，在3-5 wt%的浓度范围内达到峰值。此外，将超声功率从70 W提高到280 W，过冷度和晶粒尺寸均有所降低。当功率为140 W时，最佳制冰速率为6058.2 g/h，功率过大会抑制制冰速率的进一步提高。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of recycled ceramic particle size on heat transfer and charging dynamics in PCM-based thermal storage systems 再生陶瓷粒径对基于pcm的蓄热系统传热和充电动力学的影响

IF 6.9 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Applied Thermal Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.129686

Fardin Jafari , Giovanni Semprini , Alessandra Bonoli , Abhishek Purandare , Mina Shahi

Heating and cooling account for half of global energy demand, making efficient thermal energy storage (TES) central to decarbonization. Phase change materials (PCMs) can store large amounts of heat, but their low thermal conductivity slows charging and discharging, limiting system performance. To overcome this, metallic fins and foams have been traditionally used to accelerate heat transfer, yet these add complexity, cost, and durability challenges. Here, we explore an alternative pathway: embedding recycled ceramic particles into PCMs to enhance heat transfer while avoiding corrosion and stability issues. Using a lab-scale TES unit, we test composites with different ceramic particle sizes and show that finer particles accelerate charging, enable faster discharge, and suppress overheating compared with coarser particles. This simple modification improves PCM cycling efficiency and reliability.

供暖和制冷占全球能源需求的一半，使高效热能储存（TES）成为脱碳的核心。相变材料（PCMs）可以存储大量的热量，但其低导热性减慢了充放电速度，限制了系统的性能。为了克服这一点，传统上使用金属翅片和泡沫来加速传热，但这增加了复杂性、成本和耐用性方面的挑战。在这里，我们探索了一种替代途径：将回收的陶瓷颗粒嵌入pcm中，以增强传热，同时避免腐蚀和稳定性问题。使用实验室规模的TES装置，我们测试了不同陶瓷颗粒尺寸的复合材料，结果表明，与粗颗粒相比，细颗粒可以加速充电，加快放电速度，并抑制过热。这种简单的修改提高了PCM循环效率和可靠性。

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