Pub Date : 2024-08-13DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.106064
Annapurna Gupta , A. Shivachandran , Lilly M. Saleena
Objective
This study aimed to investigate the presence and abundance of acid-producing bacteria in dental caries samples using functional gene prediction techniques.
Design
A total of 24 dental caries samples were collected for analysis. DNA isolation was performed followed by shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Functional gene prediction techniques were used to identify enzymes responsible for acid production from primary metabolites. Enzymes responsible for converting primary metabolites into acids were identified from the KEGG database. Subsequently, 840 contigs were examined, and their genus and species were characterized.
Results
Analysis of the obtained data revealed 31 KEGG IDs corresponding to enzymes involved in the conversion of primary metabolites into acids. All 117 identified genera from the contig analysis were found to be part of the oral microbiome. In addition, A higher prevalence of acid-producing bacteria was noted in dental caries samples compared to earlier reports.
Conclusion
The study indicates the significant role of acid-producing bacteria in the initiation and progression of dental caries. The findings highlight the importance of microbial activity in the demineralization process of tooth enamel. Methods for preventing dental decay may be promising if specific measures are implemented to reduce the amount of acid produced by oral bacteria.
本研究旨在利用功能基因预测技术研究龋齿样本中产酸细菌的存在和丰度。对样本进行DNA分离，然后进行射枪元基因组测序。利用功能基因预测技术鉴定负责从初级代谢物中产酸的酶。从 KEGG 数据库中确定了负责将初级代谢物转化为酸的酶。结果分析获得的数据发现，有 31 个 KEGG ID 与参与将初级代谢物转化为酸的酶相对应。从序列分析中确定的所有 117 个属都是口腔微生物组的一部分。此外，与之前的报告相比，龋齿样本中产酸细菌的流行率更高。研究结果凸显了微生物活动在牙釉质脱矿过程中的重要性。如果采取具体措施减少口腔细菌产生的酸量，预防蛀牙的方法可能会大有可为。
{"title":"Oral microbiome insights: Tracing acidic culprits in dental caries with functional metagenomics","authors":"Annapurna Gupta , A. Shivachandran , Lilly M. Saleena","doi":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.106064","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.106064","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study aimed to investigate the presence and abundance of acid-producing bacteria in dental caries samples using functional gene prediction techniques.</p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p>A total of 24 dental caries samples were collected for analysis. DNA isolation was performed followed by shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Functional gene prediction techniques were used to identify enzymes responsible for acid production from primary metabolites. Enzymes responsible for converting primary metabolites into acids were identified from the KEGG database. Subsequently, 840 contigs were examined, and their genus and species were characterized.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Analysis of the obtained data revealed 31 KEGG IDs corresponding to enzymes involved in the conversion of primary metabolites into acids. All 117 identified genera from the contig analysis were found to be part of the oral microbiome. In addition, A higher prevalence of acid-producing bacteria was noted in dental caries samples compared to earlier reports.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The study indicates the significant role of acid-producing bacteria in the initiation and progression of dental caries. The findings highlight the importance of microbial activity in the demineralization process of tooth enamel. Methods for preventing dental decay may be promising if specific measures are implemented to reduce the amount of acid produced by oral bacteria.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8288,"journal":{"name":"Archives of oral biology","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 106064"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142096645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-08DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.106067
Simon A. Chapple , Tanya M. Smith , Matthew M. Skinner
Objective
Molar crown configuration plays an important role in systematics, and functional and comparative morphology. In particular, the number of cusps on primate molars is often used to identify fossil species and infer their phylogenetic relationships. However, this variability deserves renewed consideration as a number of studies now highlight important developmental mechanisms that may be responsible for the presence of molar cusps in some mammalian taxa. Experimental studies of rodent molars suggest that cusps form under a morphodynamic, patterning cascade model of development (PCM) that involve the iterative formation of enamel knots. This model posits that the size, shape and location of the first-forming cusps determines the presence and positioning of later-forming cusps.
Design
Here we test whether variation in accessory cusp presence in 13 Macaca fascicularis mandibular second molars (M2s) is consistent with predictions of the PCM. Using micro-CT, we imaged these M2s and employed geometric morphometrics to examine whether shape variation in the enamel-dentine junction (EDJ) correlates with accessory cusp presence.
Results
We find that accessory cusp patterning in macaque M2s is broadly consistent with the PCM. Molars with accessory cusps were larger in size and possessed shorter relative cusp heights compared to molars without accessory cusps. Peripheral cusp formation was also associated with more centrally positioned primary cusps, as predicted by the PCM.
Conclusions
While these results demonstrate that a patterning cascade model is broadly appropriate for interpreting cusp variation in Macaca fascicularis molars, it does not explain all manifestations of accessory cusp expression in this sample.
{"title":"Testing the patterning cascade model of cusp development in Macaca fascicularis mandibular molars","authors":"Simon A. Chapple , Tanya M. Smith , Matthew M. Skinner","doi":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.106067","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.106067","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Molar crown configuration plays an important role in systematics, and functional and comparative morphology. In particular, the number of cusps on primate molars is often used to identify fossil species and infer their phylogenetic relationships. However, this variability deserves renewed consideration as a number of studies now highlight important developmental mechanisms that may be responsible for the presence of molar cusps in some mammalian taxa. Experimental studies of rodent molars suggest that cusps form under a morphodynamic, patterning cascade model of development (PCM) that involve the iterative formation of enamel knots. This model posits that the size, shape and location of the first-forming cusps determines the presence and positioning of later-forming cusps.</p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p>Here we test whether variation in accessory cusp presence in 13 <em>Macaca fascicularis</em> mandibular second molars (M2s) is consistent with predictions of the PCM. Using micro-CT, we imaged these M2s and employed geometric morphometrics to examine whether shape variation in the enamel-dentine junction (EDJ) correlates with accessory cusp presence.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We find that accessory cusp patterning in macaque M2s is broadly consistent with the PCM. Molars with accessory cusps were larger in size and possessed shorter relative cusp heights compared to molars without accessory cusps. Peripheral cusp formation was also associated with more centrally positioned primary cusps, as predicted by the PCM.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>While these results demonstrate that a patterning cascade model is broadly appropriate for interpreting cusp variation in <em>Macaca fascicularis</em> molars<em>,</em> it does not explain all manifestations of accessory cusp expression in this sample.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8288,"journal":{"name":"Archives of oral biology","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 106067"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003996924001882/pdfft?md5=a0e62a0516c8fac801db9be99e5b8f65&pid=1-s2.0-S0003996924001882-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141984670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-06DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.106065
Ahmad Fawaz , Marwan Mansoor Mohammed , Asmaa Ismail , K.G.Aghila Rani , A.R. Samsudin
Objective
Leaching of particles from dental titanium implant surfaces into preimplant microenvironment causes detrimental effects on bone cells. The current study investigated influence of simvastatin in mitigating adverse pro-inflammatory effects of titanium dioxide (TiO2) micro (MP) and nano (NP) particles on hFOB 1.19 cells in vitro.
Design
Viability of hFOB 1.19 cells following exposure to varying concentrations of TiO2 MPs and NPs and simvastatin were measured by XTT assay. hFOB 1.19 cells were treated with 100 µg/mL of TiO2 MPs, 100 µg/mL of TiO2 NPs, 0.1 µM simvastatin, 100 µg/mL of TiO2 MPs+ 0.1 µM simvastatin and 100 µg/mL of TiO2 NPs+ 0.1 µM simvastatin. After 24 h, ROS was measured by flow cytometry. On day 14, real-time PCR analysis for pro-inflammatory cytokines and bone formation markers was done for TNFα, IL1β, osteocalcin, ALP, and Col1 markers; while ALP and RANKL/OPG ratio were determined by colorimetric and ELISA assays respectively. Further, mineralization study using Alizarin Red S staining (ARS) and calcium quantification were performed.
Results
Exposure of hFOB to TiO2 MPs and NPs generated ROS and reduced cell viability significantly, with upregulation of pro-inflammatory markers TNFα and IL1β and downregulation of bone formation markers OC and increased RANKL/OPG ratio and lowered degree of mineralization. Treatment with 0.1 µM of simvastatin treatment reversed the effects by mitigating oxidative stress, dampening pro-inflammatory markers, upregulation of bone formation markers, lowering RANKL/OPG ratio and increasing degree of mineralization.
Conclusion
Simvastatin possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and pro-osteogenic properties that may support bone healing around titanium implants.
{"title":"The influence of simvastatin on osteoblast functionality in the presence of titanium dioxide particles In-vitro","authors":"Ahmad Fawaz , Marwan Mansoor Mohammed , Asmaa Ismail , K.G.Aghila Rani , A.R. Samsudin","doi":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.106065","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.106065","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Leaching of particles from dental titanium implant surfaces into preimplant microenvironment causes detrimental effects on bone cells. The current study investigated influence of simvastatin in mitigating adverse pro-inflammatory effects of titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>) micro (MP) and nano (NP) particles on hFOB 1.19 cells <em>in vitro.</em></p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p>Viability of hFOB 1.19 cells following exposure to varying concentrations of TiO<sub>2</sub> MPs and NPs and simvastatin were measured by XTT assay. hFOB 1.19 cells were treated with 100 µg/mL of TiO<sub>2</sub> MPs, 100 µg/mL of TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs, 0.1 µM simvastatin, 100 µg/mL of TiO<sub>2</sub> MPs+ 0.1 µM simvastatin and 100 µg/mL of TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs+ 0.1 µM simvastatin. After 24 h, ROS was measured by flow cytometry. On day 14, real-time PCR analysis for pro-inflammatory cytokines and bone formation markers was done for TNFα, IL1β, osteocalcin, ALP, and Col1 markers; while ALP and RANKL/OPG ratio were determined by colorimetric and ELISA assays respectively. Further, mineralization study using Alizarin Red S staining (ARS) and calcium quantification were performed.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Exposure of hFOB to TiO<sub>2</sub> MPs and NPs generated ROS and reduced cell viability significantly, with upregulation of pro-inflammatory markers TNFα and IL1β and downregulation of bone formation markers OC and increased RANKL/OPG ratio and lowered degree of mineralization. Treatment with 0.1 µM of simvastatin treatment reversed the effects by mitigating oxidative stress, dampening pro-inflammatory markers, upregulation of bone formation markers, lowering RANKL/OPG ratio and increasing degree of mineralization.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Simvastatin possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and pro-osteogenic properties that may support bone healing around titanium implants.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8288,"journal":{"name":"Archives of oral biology","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 106065"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141985780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-04DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.106066
Yu Ren , Jiwen Zheng , Yang Cao , Yu Zhu , Zhuo Ling , Zhiqiang Zhang , Mingke Huang
Objective
This study investigated the clinical importance of long noncoding RNA myocardial infarction-associated transcript (MIAT) in periodontitis and its impact on the functional regulation of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (hPDLFs).
Methods
Ninety-eight periodontitis patients and 74 healthy controls were enrolled. In vitro cellular models were created using Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (Pg-LPS) to stimulate hPDLFs. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to measure mRNA levels of MIAT and osteogenic factors. Inflammation factor concentration was assessed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cell viability and apoptosis were examined by cell counting kit −8 and flow cytometry assay. The targeting relationship was verified by the dual-luciferase reporter and RNA Immunoprecipitation assay.
Results
Highly expressed MIAT and Dicckopf-1 (DDK1), and lowly expressed miR-204–5p were found in the gingival crevicular fluid of periodontitis patients and Pg-LPS induced hPDLFs. MIAT has a sensitivity of 76.53 % and a specificity of 86.49 % for identifying patients with periodontitis among healthy individuals. MIAT acts as a sponge for miR-204–5p and upregulates DDK1 mRNA expression. Silencing of MIAT diminished the promotion of apoptosis and inflammation in hPDLFs by Pg-LPS and enhanced osteogenic differentiation. However, a miR-204–5p inhibitor significantly reversed the effect of silenced MIAT.
Conclusions
MIAT may act as a promising biomarker for periodontitis. It modulates apoptosis, inflammation, and osteogenic differentiation of PDLFs by focusing on the miR-204–5p/DKK1 axis, indicating its potential as a new therapeutic target for treating periodontitis.
{"title":"Diagnostic significance of LncRNA MIAT in periodontitis and the molecular mechanisms influencing periodontal ligament fibroblasts via the miR-204-5p/DKK1 axis","authors":"Yu Ren , Jiwen Zheng , Yang Cao , Yu Zhu , Zhuo Ling , Zhiqiang Zhang , Mingke Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.106066","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.106066","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study investigated the clinical importance of long noncoding RNA myocardial infarction-associated transcript (MIAT) in periodontitis and its impact on the functional regulation of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (hPDLFs).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Ninety-eight periodontitis patients and 74 healthy controls were enrolled. In vitro cellular models were created using <em>Porphyromonas gingivalis</em> lipopolysaccharide (Pg-LPS) to stimulate hPDLFs. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to measure mRNA levels of MIAT and osteogenic factors. Inflammation factor concentration was assessed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cell viability and apoptosis were examined by cell counting kit −8 and flow cytometry assay. The targeting relationship was verified by the dual-luciferase reporter and RNA Immunoprecipitation assay.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Highly expressed MIAT and Dicckopf-1 (DDK1), and lowly expressed miR-204–5p were found in the gingival crevicular fluid of periodontitis patients and Pg-LPS induced hPDLFs. MIAT has a sensitivity of 76.53 % and a specificity of 86.49 % for identifying patients with periodontitis among healthy individuals. MIAT acts as a sponge for miR-204–5p and upregulates DDK1 mRNA expression. Silencing of MIAT diminished the promotion of apoptosis and inflammation in hPDLFs by Pg-LPS and enhanced osteogenic differentiation. However, a miR-204–5p inhibitor significantly reversed the effect of silenced MIAT.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>MIAT may act as a promising biomarker for periodontitis. It modulates apoptosis, inflammation, and osteogenic differentiation of PDLFs by focusing on the miR-204–5p/DKK1 axis, indicating its potential as a new therapeutic target for treating periodontitis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8288,"journal":{"name":"Archives of oral biology","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 106066"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142076731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-31DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.106063
Mayu Higuchi, Yuki Abiko, Jumpei Washio, Nobuhiro Takahashi
Objective
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a catechin abundant in green tea, exhibits antibacterial activity. In this study, the antimicrobial effects of EGCG on periodontal disease-associated bacteria (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Fusobacterium periodontium) were evaluated and compared with its effects on Streptococcus mutans, a caries-associated bacterium.
Results
Treatment with 2 mg/ml EGCG for 4 h killed all periodontal disease-associated bacteria, whereas it only reduced the viable count of S. mutans by about 40 %. Regarding growth, the periodontal disease-associated bacteria were more susceptible to EGCG than S. mutans, based on the growth inhibition ring test. As for metabolism, the 50 % inhibitory concentration (IC50) of EGCG for bacterial metabolic activity was lower for periodontal disease-associated bacteria (0.32–0.65 mg/ml) than for S. mutans (1.14 mg/ml). Furthermore, these IC50 values were negatively correlated with the growth inhibition ring (r = −0.73 to −0.86). EGCG induced bacterial aggregation at the following concentrations: P. gingivalis (>0.125 mg/ml), F. periodonticum (>0.5 mg/ml), F. nucleatum (>1 mg/ml), and P. nigrescens (>2 mg/ml). S. mutans aggregated at an EGCG concentration of > 1 mg/ml.
Conclusion
EGCG may help to prevent periodontal disease by killing bacteria, inhibiting bacterial growth by suppressing bacterial metabolic activity, and removing bacteria through aggregation.
{"title":"Antimicrobial effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate, a catechin abundant in green tea, on periodontal disease-associated bacteria","authors":"Mayu Higuchi, Yuki Abiko, Jumpei Washio, Nobuhiro Takahashi","doi":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.106063","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.106063","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a catechin abundant in green tea, exhibits antibacterial activity. In this study, the antimicrobial effects of EGCG on periodontal disease-associated bacteria (<em>Porphyromonas gingivalis</em>, <em>Prevotella intermedia</em>, <em>Prevotella nigrescens</em>, <em>Fusobacterium nucleatum</em>, and <em>Fusobacterium periodontium</em>) were evaluated and compared with its effects on <em>Streptococcus mutans</em>, a caries-associated bacterium.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Treatment with 2 mg/ml EGCG for 4 h killed all periodontal disease-associated bacteria, whereas it only reduced the viable count of <em>S. mutans</em> by about 40 %. Regarding growth, the periodontal disease-associated bacteria were more susceptible to EGCG than <em>S. mutans</em>, based on the growth inhibition ring test<em>.</em> As for metabolism, the 50 % inhibitory concentration (IC<sub>50</sub>) of EGCG for bacterial metabolic activity was lower for periodontal disease-associated bacteria (0.32–0.65 mg/ml) than for <em>S. mutans</em> (1.14 mg/ml). Furthermore, these IC<sub>50</sub> values were negatively correlated with the growth inhibition ring (r = −0.73 to −0.86). EGCG induced bacterial aggregation at the following concentrations: <em>P. gingivalis</em> (>0.125 mg/ml), <em>F. periodonticum</em> (>0.5 mg/ml), <em>F. nucleatum</em> (>1 mg/ml), and <em>P. nigrescens</em> (>2 mg/ml). <em>S. mutans</em> aggregated at an EGCG concentration of > 1 mg/ml.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>EGCG may help to prevent periodontal disease by killing bacteria, inhibiting bacterial growth by suppressing bacterial metabolic activity, and removing bacteria through aggregation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8288,"journal":{"name":"Archives of oral biology","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 106063"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003996924001845/pdfft?md5=ad101c84b7d1199d7d35809514c558ee&pid=1-s2.0-S0003996924001845-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141918311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-30DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.106062
Xinli Lv, Jixiao Wang, Fulan Wei
Objective
Alveolar bone quality is essential for the maxillofacial integrity and function, and depends on alveolar bone mineralization. This study aims to investigate the in vivo changes in alveolar bone mineralization, from the perspective of mineral deposition and crystal transition in postnatal rats.
Design
Nine postnatal time points of Wistar rats, ranging from day 1 to 56, were set to obtain the maxillary alveolar bone samples. Each time point consisted of ninety rats, with 45 females and 45 males. Macromorphology of alveolar bone was reconducted by Micro-Computed Tomography and the mineral content was quantified via Thermogravimetric analysis, Scanning Electron Microscope, High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy and vibrational spectroscopy. Furthermore, the crystallinity and composition were characterized by vibrational spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Selected Area Electron Diffraction.
Results
The progressive increase of mineral deposition was accompanied by substantial growth in alveolar bone mass and volume in postnatal rats. Whereas the mineral percentage initially decreased and then increased, reaching a nadir on postnatal day 14 (P14) when tooth eruption was first observed. Besides, localized mineralization was initiated by the formation of amorphous precursors and then converted into mineral crystals, while there was no statistically significant change in the average crystallinity of the bone during growth.
Conclusion
Mineralization of alveolar bone is ongoing throughout the early growth in postnatal rats. Mineral deposition increases with age, whereas the crystallinity remains stable within a certain range. Besides, the mineral percentage reaches its lowest point on P14, which may be attributed to tooth eruption.
{"title":"A persistent mineralization process in alveolar bone throughout the postnatal growth stage in rats","authors":"Xinli Lv, Jixiao Wang, Fulan Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.106062","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.106062","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Alveolar bone quality is essential for the maxillofacial integrity and function, and depends on alveolar bone mineralization. This study aims to investigate the in vivo changes in alveolar bone mineralization, from the perspective of mineral deposition and crystal transition in postnatal rats.</p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p>Nine postnatal time points of Wistar rats, ranging from day 1 to 56, were set to obtain the maxillary alveolar bone samples. Each time point consisted of ninety rats, with 45 females and 45 males. Macromorphology of alveolar bone was reconducted by Micro-Computed Tomography and the mineral content was quantified via Thermogravimetric analysis, Scanning Electron Microscope, High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy and vibrational spectroscopy. Furthermore, the crystallinity and composition were characterized by vibrational spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Selected Area Electron Diffraction.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The progressive increase of mineral deposition was accompanied by substantial growth in alveolar bone mass and volume in postnatal rats. Whereas the mineral percentage initially decreased and then increased, reaching a nadir on postnatal day 14 (P14) when tooth eruption was first observed. Besides, localized mineralization was initiated by the formation of amorphous precursors and then converted into mineral crystals, while there was no statistically significant change in the average crystallinity of the bone during growth.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Mineralization of alveolar bone is ongoing throughout the early growth in postnatal rats. Mineral deposition increases with age, whereas the crystallinity remains stable within a certain range. Besides, the mineral percentage reaches its lowest point on P14, which may be attributed to tooth eruption.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8288,"journal":{"name":"Archives of oral biology","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 106062"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141879897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.106055
Sheng Zhang , Jian Guan , Jing Lv , Xinhe Dong , Runhang Li , Yuhong Wang , Xing-ai Jin
Objective
The molecular regulation of odontoblasts in dentin formation remains largely uncharacterized. Using neohesperidin (NEO), a well-documented osteoblast regulator, we investigated whether and how NEO participates in odontoblast regulation through longitudinal treatments using various doses of NEO.
Design
Mouse dental papilla cell-23 (MDPC-23) served as a model for odontoblasts. MDPC-23 were treated with various doses of NEO (0, 1, 5, 10, 15, 20 μmol/L). Proliferation was assessed using the Cell counting kit-8 assay. Survival/apoptosis was assayed by live/dead ratio. Migration capability was assessed using scratch healing and Transwell migration assays. Mineralization was assessed using alkaline phosphatase staining and alizarin red staining. The expression levels of four key genes (Runx2, osteocalcin [OCN], β-catenin, and bone morphogenetic protein [BMP]−2) representing NEO-induced differentiation of MDPC-23 were measured by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.
Results
The proliferation trajectories of MDPC-23 treated with the five doses of NEO demonstrated similar curves, with a rapid increase in the 10 μmol/L NEO condition after 48 h of treatment. Similar dose-dependent trajectories were observed for survival/apoptosis. All four key genes representing odontogenic differentiation were upregulated in MDPC-23 induced by NEO treatments at two optimal doses (5 μmol/L and 10 μmol/L). Optimal migration and mobility trajectories were observed in MDPC-23 treated with 10 μmol/L NEO. Optimal mineralization was observed in MDPC-23 treated with 5 μmol/L NEO.
Conclusion
NEO can subtly regulate odontoblast proliferation, differentiation, migration, and mineralization in vitro. NEO at 5–10 μmol/L offers a safe and effective perspective for clinical promotion of dentin bridge formation in teenagers.
{"title":"Neohesperidin exerts subtle yet comprehensive regulation of mouse dental papilla cell-23 in vitro","authors":"Sheng Zhang , Jian Guan , Jing Lv , Xinhe Dong , Runhang Li , Yuhong Wang , Xing-ai Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.106055","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.106055","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The molecular regulation of odontoblasts in dentin formation remains largely uncharacterized. Using neohesperidin (NEO), a well-documented osteoblast regulator, we investigated whether and how NEO participates in odontoblast regulation through longitudinal treatments using various doses of NEO.</p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p>Mouse dental papilla cell-23 (MDPC-23) served as a model for odontoblasts. MDPC-23 were treated with various doses of NEO (0, 1, 5, 10, 15, 20 μmol/L). Proliferation was assessed using the Cell counting kit-8 assay. Survival/apoptosis was assayed by live/dead ratio. Migration capability was assessed using scratch healing and Transwell migration assays. Mineralization was assessed using alkaline phosphatase staining and alizarin red staining. The expression levels of four key genes (Runx2, osteocalcin [OCN], β-catenin, and bone morphogenetic protein [BMP]−2) representing NEO-induced differentiation of MDPC-23 were measured by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The proliferation trajectories of MDPC-23 treated with the five doses of NEO demonstrated similar curves, with a rapid increase in the 10 μmol/L NEO condition after 48 h of treatment. Similar dose-dependent trajectories were observed for survival/apoptosis. All four key genes representing odontogenic differentiation were upregulated in MDPC-23 induced by NEO treatments at two optimal doses (5 μmol/L and 10 μmol/L). Optimal migration and mobility trajectories were observed in MDPC-23 treated with 10 μmol/L NEO. Optimal mineralization was observed in MDPC-23 treated with 5 μmol/L NEO.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>NEO can subtly regulate odontoblast proliferation, differentiation, migration, and mineralization in vitro. NEO at 5–10 μmol/L offers a safe and effective perspective for clinical promotion of dentin bridge formation in teenagers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8288,"journal":{"name":"Archives of oral biology","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 106055"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141790289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-20DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.106052
Zhenying Yuan , Ming Li
Objective
To determine the biological effects of arecoline on oral submucous fibrosis (OSF).
Design
The differential genes between OSF tissue and normal oral tissue were collected form GSE64216 dataset, analyzed by Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to analyze the expression of IL-4 gene and protein in oral tissue. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to analyze the expression of exocrine IL-4 protein in human oral fibroblasts (HOF) pre-treated by arecoline. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and transwell assays were used to analyze the proliferation and migration of HOF cells, respectively. After IL-4 was knocked down by short hairpin (sh) plasmid, the proliferation and migration of HOF cells were detected. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the proportion of M2-macrophages. Real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to verify the expression of biomarker proteins of macrophages in OSF tissues.
Results
The expression of IL-4 gene and protein were both up-regulated in OSF tissue. Arecoline could enhance the expression of IL-4 gene and exocrine protein in HOF cells, and promote the proliferation and migration of HOF cells. While knockdown of IL-4 could inhibit arecoline-induced proliferation and migration in HOF cells. The results of flow cytometry showed that recombinant human IL-4 (rhIL-4) protein could increase the proportion of M2-macrophages. Similarly, the results of real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry showed the expression of ARG1 (Biomarker proteins of M2-macrophage) was up-regulated in OSF tissues.
Conclusion
Arecoline promotes activation of fibroblasts and polarization of M2-macrophages by up-regulating the expression of IL-4.
{"title":"Arecoline promotes fibroblast activation and M2-macrophage polarization by up-regulating the expression of IL-4","authors":"Zhenying Yuan , Ming Li","doi":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.106052","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.106052","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To determine the biological effects of arecoline on oral submucous fibrosis (OSF).</p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p>The differential genes between OSF tissue and normal oral tissue were collected form GSE64216 dataset, analyzed by Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to analyze the expression of IL-4 gene and protein in oral tissue. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to analyze the expression of exocrine IL-4 protein in human oral fibroblasts (HOF) pre-treated by arecoline. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and transwell assays were used to analyze the proliferation and migration of HOF cells, respectively. After IL-4 was knocked down by short hairpin (sh) plasmid, the proliferation and migration of HOF cells were detected. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the proportion of M2-macrophages. Real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to verify the expression of biomarker proteins of macrophages in OSF tissues.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The expression of IL-4 gene and protein were both up-regulated in OSF tissue. Arecoline could enhance the expression of IL-4 gene and exocrine protein in HOF cells, and promote the proliferation and migration of HOF cells. While knockdown of IL-4 could inhibit arecoline-induced proliferation and migration in HOF cells. The results of flow cytometry showed that recombinant human IL-4 (rhIL-4) protein could increase the proportion of M2-macrophages. Similarly, the results of real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry showed the expression of ARG1 (Biomarker proteins of M2-macrophage) was up-regulated in OSF tissues.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Arecoline promotes activation of fibroblasts and polarization of M2-macrophages by up-regulating the expression of IL-4.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8288,"journal":{"name":"Archives of oral biology","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 106052"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141763188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-17DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.106054
Nehal F. Hassib , Mennat Mehrez , Maha R. Abouzaid , Mostafa I. Mostafa , Rasha M. Elhossini , Mohamed S. Abdel-Hamid
Objectives
Acatalasemia is a very rare disorder characterized by gangrenous oral ulcerations and is caused by biallelic variants in the CAT gene which encodes the catalase enzyme that decomposes the hydrogen peroxide molecules to remove their toxic effect. We report two siblings from a consanguineous Egyptian family presenting with joint hyperlaxity, loose dentitions with gangrenous periodontitis, and early loss of teeth.
Study design
The patients were clinically suspected to have the periodontal type of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and thus genetic testing of C1S and C1R causative genes was carried out first by Sanger sequencing then exome sequencing (ES) was considered.
Results
No pathogenic variants were detected in C1S and C1R genes then ES revealed a new homozygous missense variant in the CAT gene segregating in the family, c .635 T > G (p.Met212Arg).
Conclusion
We describe the first Egyptian cases with acatalasemia and expand the mutational spectrum of this rare disorder. Premature loss of teeth is an emerging finding in our cases and addresses the hazardous systemic manifestations associated with the disorder. The rarity of inherited orodental diseases renders the accurate diagnosis difficult and complicates the symptoms. Therefore, the use of advanced molecular technologies is highly advisable for early diagnosis and management of patients.
目的：过氧化氢酶血症是一种非常罕见的疾病，以坏疽性口腔溃疡为特征，由 CAT 基因的双倍变体引起。我们报告了来自一个埃及近亲家庭的两对兄弟姐妹，他们表现为关节过度松弛、牙齿松动并伴有坏疽性牙周炎和早期牙齿脱落。研究设计临床上怀疑患者患有埃勒斯-丹洛斯综合征的牙周型，因此首先通过桑格测序对 C1S 和 C1R 致病基因进行了基因检测，然后考虑进行外显子组测序（ES）。结果在 C1S 和 C1R 基因中未检测到致病变异，而 ES 则发现了该家族中新出现的 CAT 基因同源错义变异，即 c .635 T > G (p.Met212Arg).在我们的病例中，牙齿过早脱落是一个新发现，并涉及到与该疾病相关的危险的全身表现。遗传性口腔疾病的罕见性使准确诊断变得困难，也使症状变得复杂。因此，利用先进的分子技术对患者进行早期诊断和治疗是非常可取的。
{"title":"A novel missense variant in CAT gene causing acatalasemia with gangrenous periodontitis (Takahara’s disease)","authors":"Nehal F. Hassib , Mennat Mehrez , Maha R. Abouzaid , Mostafa I. Mostafa , Rasha M. Elhossini , Mohamed S. Abdel-Hamid","doi":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.106054","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.106054","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Acatalasemia is a very rare disorder characterized by gangrenous oral ulcerations and is caused by biallelic variants in the <em>CAT</em> gene which encodes the catalase enzyme that decomposes the hydrogen peroxide molecules to remove their toxic effect. We report two siblings from a consanguineous Egyptian family presenting with joint hyperlaxity, loose dentitions with gangrenous periodontitis, and early loss of teeth.</p></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><p>The patients were clinically suspected to have the periodontal type of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and thus genetic testing of <em>C1S</em> and <em>C1R</em> causative genes was carried out first by Sanger sequencing then exome sequencing (ES) was considered.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>No pathogenic variants were detected in <em>C1S</em> and <em>C1R</em> genes then ES revealed a new homozygous missense variant in the <em>CAT</em> gene segregating in the family, c .635 T > G (p.Met212Arg).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>We describe the first Egyptian cases with acatalasemia and expand the mutational spectrum of this rare disorder. Premature loss of teeth is an emerging finding in our cases and addresses the hazardous systemic manifestations associated with the disorder. The rarity of inherited orodental diseases renders the accurate diagnosis difficult and complicates the symptoms. Therefore, the use of advanced molecular technologies is highly advisable for early diagnosis and management of patients.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8288,"journal":{"name":"Archives of oral biology","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 106054"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141841475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-16DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.106053
Nima Motewasselin , Karl-Anton Hiller , Fabian Cieplik , Louis Kopp , Arno Pfitzner , Florian Pielnhofer , David L. Auer , Wolfgang Buchalla , Konstantin J. Scholz
Objective
To investigate the accumulation of cerium-nitrate and samarium-nitrate on dentin without or with smear-layer and to test their antibacterial activity.
Design
24 dentin-enamel slices were cut from 24 extracted molars. 12 slices underwent smear-layer creation (320 grit, 200 g, 5 s), the other 12 smear-layer removal (20 % EDTA, 300 s). Slices were halved to 48 semilunar-shaped specimens. One specimen per tooth was treated with either Ce(NO3)3 (50 wt% aqueous solution; pH = 1.29; n = 6) or Sm(NO3)3 (50 wt% aqueous solution; pH = 1.88; n = 6). The other specimen served as control (A. demin). After water rinsing, elemental composition (Ce, Sm, Ca, P, O, N, Na, Mg, C) was measured (EDX; EDAX Octane-Elect, APEX v2.5, low-vacuum) in dentin. Atomic percent (At%), Ca/P- and Ca/N-ratios were calculated and analyzed non-parametrically (α = 0.05, error rates method). Additionally, antibacterial activity (2 min exposure) of Ce(NO3)3 and Sm(NO3)3 against Streptococcus mutans, Actinomyces naeslundii, Schaalia odontolytica, and Enterococcus faecalis was determined (colony forming units) after anaerobic incubation at 37 °C for 24 h (control: 0.2 % CHX).
Results
At% (median) of Ce and Sm were as follows: Ce(NO3)3 3.4 and 0.9 At%Ce with and without smear-layer, respectively; Sm(NO3)3 2.4 and 1.3 At%Sm with and without smear-layer, respectively. Ce(NO3)3 and Sm(NO3)3-application significantly decreased Ca/P-ratios (1.22 – 1.45; p ≤ 0.02) compared to controls (1.47 – 1.63). With smear-layer, significantly higher Ca/N-ratios (5.1 – 29.3) could be detected across all groups (p ≤ 0.004) compared to specimens without smear-layer (0.37 – 0.48). Ce(NO3)3 and Sm(NO3)3 showed reduction rates of up to ≥ 5 log10 steps for S. mutans, A. naeslundii, and S. odontolytica.
Conclusions
Cerium and samarium nitrate showed accumulation on dentin and certain antibacterial activity and could therefore be identified as potential compounds to treat and prevent dentin and root caries and dentin hypersensitivity.
{"title":"Cerium- and samarium-nitrate interaction and accumulation on human dentin","authors":"Nima Motewasselin , Karl-Anton Hiller , Fabian Cieplik , Louis Kopp , Arno Pfitzner , Florian Pielnhofer , David L. Auer , Wolfgang Buchalla , Konstantin J. Scholz","doi":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.106053","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.106053","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To investigate the accumulation of cerium-nitrate and samarium-nitrate on dentin without or with smear-layer and to test their antibacterial activity.</p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p>24 dentin-enamel slices were cut from 24 extracted molars. 12 slices underwent smear-layer creation (320 grit, 200 g, 5 s), the other 12 smear-layer removal (20 % EDTA, 300 s). Slices were halved to 48 semilunar-shaped specimens. One specimen per tooth was treated with either Ce(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub> (50 wt% aqueous solution; pH = 1.29; n = 6) or Sm(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub> (50 wt% aqueous solution; pH = 1.88; n = 6). The other specimen served as control (A. demin). After water rinsing, elemental composition (Ce, Sm, Ca, P, O, N, Na, Mg, C) was measured (EDX; EDAX Octane-Elect, APEX v2.5, low-vacuum) in dentin. Atomic percent (At%), Ca/P- and Ca/N-ratios were calculated and analyzed non-parametrically (α = 0.05, error rates method). Additionally, antibacterial activity (2 min exposure) of Ce(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub> and Sm(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub> against <em>Streptococcus mutans</em>, <em>Actinomyces naeslundii</em>, <em>Schaalia odontolytica</em>, and <em>Enterococcus faecalis</em> was determined (colony forming units) after anaerobic incubation at 37 °C for 24 h (control: 0.2 % CHX).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>At% (median) of Ce and Sm were as follows: Ce(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub> 3.4 and 0.9 At%Ce with and without smear-layer, respectively; Sm(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub> 2.4 and 1.3 At%Sm with and without smear-layer, respectively. Ce(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub> and Sm(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>-application significantly decreased Ca/P-ratios (1.22 – 1.45; p ≤ 0.02) compared to controls (1.47 – 1.63). With smear-layer, significantly higher Ca/N-ratios (5.1 – 29.3) could be detected across all groups (p ≤ 0.004) compared to specimens without smear-layer (0.37 – 0.48). Ce(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub> and Sm(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub> showed reduction rates of up to ≥ 5 log10 steps for <em>S. mutans</em>, <em>A. naeslundii</em>, and <em>S. odontolytica</em>.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Cerium and samarium nitrate showed accumulation on dentin and certain antibacterial activity and could therefore be identified as potential compounds to treat and prevent dentin and root caries and dentin hypersensitivity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8288,"journal":{"name":"Archives of oral biology","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 106053"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003996924001742/pdfft?md5=eb8fc2330377af716b3c6a1a73fca4c3&pid=1-s2.0-S0003996924001742-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141715170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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