Dental caries is a significant global issue, which affects approximately 44 % of the global population. The objective of this research is to extract crude phytochemicals from Psidium guajava, Acacia nilotica, Syzygium aromaticum, and Salvadora persica and also optimizing using RSM. Therefore, this aims to maximize the antibacterial potential of the extracts at effective inhibition of dental caries
Method
The crude extracts from the plants samples, with varying extraction parameters, such as ethanol concentrations, temperatures, and solid-solvent ratios was done using Soxhlet method and antibacterial activity was determined through well and disc diffusion methods along with optimization was performed by Response Surface Methodology (RSM).
Results
The results depict that Psidium guajava exhibited the strongest antibacterial activity against S. mutans and Lactobacillus, with inhibition zones of 36 mm & 20 mm and 32 mm & 24 mm for both well and disc diffusion. Similarly, Syzygium aromaticum also shows slight stronger inhibition zones, Acacia nilotica exhibited moderate activity and in contrast, Salvadora persica showed limited activity. RSM optimization was validated and with well fitted quadratic models R² values ranging from 0.69 to 0.79. Predicted and experimental values are in close agreement between with differences below 0.5 %.
Conclusion
These findings suggest that P. guajava, S. aromaticum and A. nilotica have strong potential as natural antibacterial agents in oral care formulations.
{"title":"Optimization and evaluation of antibacterial extracts from Acacia nilotica, Psidium guajava, Syzygium aromaticum, and Salvadora persica to inhibit dental caries","authors":"Chamundeswari Kandasamy , Arunadevi Baladhandapani , Renuka Devi Ponnuswamy , Hemananthan Eswaran , Vinodhini Karthikeyan , Saranya Rajendran","doi":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2025.106426","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2025.106426","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Dental caries is a significant global issue, which affects approximately 44 % of the global population. The objective of this research is to extract crude phytochemicals from <em>Psidium guajava</em>, <em>Acacia nilotica</em>, <em>Syzygium aromaticum</em>, and <em>Salvadora persica</em> and also optimizing using RSM. Therefore, this aims to maximize the antibacterial potential of the extracts at effective inhibition of dental caries</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>The crude extracts from the plants samples, with varying extraction parameters, such as ethanol concentrations, temperatures, and solid-solvent ratios was done using Soxhlet method and antibacterial activity was determined through well and disc diffusion methods along with optimization was performed by Response Surface Methodology (RSM).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results depict that <em>Psidium guajava</em> exhibited the strongest antibacterial activity against <em>S. mutans</em> and <em>Lactobacillus</em>, with inhibition zones of 36 mm & 20 mm and 32 mm & 24 mm for both well and disc diffusion. Similarly, <em>Syzygium aromaticum</em> also shows slight stronger inhibition zones, <em>Acacia nilotica</em> exhibited moderate activity and in contrast, <em>Salvadora persica</em> showed limited activity. RSM optimization was validated and with well fitted quadratic models R² values ranging from 0.69 to 0.79. Predicted and experimental values are in close agreement between with differences below 0.5 %.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings suggest that <em>P. guajava</em>, <em>S. aromaticum</em> and <em>A. nilotica</em> have strong potential as natural antibacterial agents in oral care formulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8288,"journal":{"name":"Archives of oral biology","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 106426"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145575031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Previous articles have shown that tooth loss is associated with cognitive decline in animal and human studies. Additionally, poor nutritional status including low-protein diet is associated with dementia. The evidence of the association of tooth loss and nutritional status is uncertain. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between low-protein diet intake and cognitive decline following tooth loss in mice.
Design
Male senescence-accelerated mouse-prone 8 mice were randomly allocated into sham-operated control and tooth loss groups with extracted maxillary molars: control with normal-protein diet; control with low-protein diet; bilateral maxillary molar extraction with normal-protein diet; and bilateral maxillary molar extraction with low-protein diet. After 6 months, a behavioral test was conducted, and mRNA expression and immunohistochemistry in the brain were analyzed.
Results
Behavioral test revealed no effect of the interaction between tooth loss and low-protein diet intake on cognitive decline; however, tooth loss had a marked effect on cognitive decline. Real-time polymerase chain reaction showed no interaction between tooth loss and low-protein intake for Bax/Bcl-2 mRNA expression; however, tooth loss had a significant effect on Bax/Bcl-2 mRNA expression. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the effect of tooth loss in neuronal inflammation and neuronal loss were observed in CA1 and DG region, but the effect of low-protein diet was limited in CA3.
Conclusion
The present study revealed that the impact of tooth loss on cognitive decline was not dependent on the low-protein diet condition.
{"title":"Tooth loss induces cognitive decline independent of low-protein diet intake in male mice","authors":"Rie Hatakeyama , Hiroshi Oue , Miyuki Yokoi , Eri Ishida , Takayasu Kubo , Kazuhiro Tsuga","doi":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2025.106421","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2025.106421","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Previous articles have shown that tooth loss is associated with cognitive decline in animal and human studies. Additionally, poor nutritional status including low-protein diet is associated with dementia. The evidence of the association of tooth loss and nutritional status is uncertain. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between low-protein diet intake and cognitive decline following tooth loss in mice.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Male senescence-accelerated mouse-prone 8 mice were randomly allocated into sham-operated control and tooth loss groups with extracted maxillary molars: control with normal-protein diet; control with low-protein diet; bilateral maxillary molar extraction with normal-protein diet; and bilateral maxillary molar extraction with low-protein diet. After 6 months, a behavioral test was conducted, and mRNA expression and immunohistochemistry in the brain were analyzed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Behavioral test revealed no effect of the interaction between tooth loss and low-protein diet intake on cognitive decline; however, tooth loss had a marked effect on cognitive decline. Real-time polymerase chain reaction showed no interaction between tooth loss and low-protein intake for <em>Bax/Bcl-2</em> mRNA expression; however, tooth loss had a significant effect on <em>Bax/Bcl-2</em> mRNA expression. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the effect of tooth loss in neuronal inflammation and neuronal loss were observed in CA1 and DG region, but the effect of low-protein diet was limited in CA3.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The present study revealed that the impact of tooth loss on cognitive decline was not dependent on the low-protein diet condition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8288,"journal":{"name":"Archives of oral biology","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 106421"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145310278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-10DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2025.106420
Lisa Danielly Curcino Araujo , Ana Paula Gomes-Moura , Raquel Assed Bezerra da Silva , Michel Reis Messora , Flávia Aparecida Chaves Furlaneto , Sérgio Luis de Souza Salvador , Allan Radaic , Pachiyappan Kamarajan , Yvonne L. Kapila , Paulo Nelson-Fillho , Higinio Arzate , Samin Sirous , Geeta Bhuvanagiri , Léa Assed Bezerra da Silva
Objective
To investigate the effect of the HN019 probiotic on the modulation of inflammation and the resorption of mineralized tissues in experimentally induced periapical lesions in an animal model, evaluating its impact on the expression of cementum protein 1 (CEMP-1).
Design
Periapical lesion was induced in 45 Wistar rats. The animals were divided into groups according to the irrigating solution used. Root canals were irrigated on days 7 and 14. After 21 days, the animals were euthanized, and mandibles were processed for histological analysis. Descriptive and semi-quantitative evaluations of the inflammatory infiltrate, periodontal ligament, bone and cementum resorption, as well as counts of inflammatory cells were performed using HE staining. Also, to assess cementum formation, tissue sections were stained with an antibody for CEMP-1 and analyzed by immunohistochemistry.
Results
In the Infection + Probiotic Group, the inflammatory infiltrate was mixed and diffuse, ranging from mild to severe, with no statistically significant difference compared to the Control Group (p > 0.05). However, in the Infection + Probiotic Group, cementum resorption was significantly lower compared to Control Group (p < 0.001). Moreover, CEMP-1 expression was significantly higher in Infection + Probiotic-Group compared with all other groups (p < 0.0001).
Conclusion
The probiotic HN019 significantly increased CEMP-1 expression, indicating cementum formation in periapical lesions in vivo. These findings suggest that B. lactis HN019 may have regenerative potential in clinical scenarios. Furthermore, this strain appears to modulate the inflammatory state of periapical lesions toward a reparative phenotype, characterized by reduced bone resorption. Also, inflammatory infiltrate was like control group.
{"title":"B. lactis HN019 modulates periapical inflammation and enhances cementum repair by increasing CEMP-1 expression in an animal model","authors":"Lisa Danielly Curcino Araujo , Ana Paula Gomes-Moura , Raquel Assed Bezerra da Silva , Michel Reis Messora , Flávia Aparecida Chaves Furlaneto , Sérgio Luis de Souza Salvador , Allan Radaic , Pachiyappan Kamarajan , Yvonne L. Kapila , Paulo Nelson-Fillho , Higinio Arzate , Samin Sirous , Geeta Bhuvanagiri , Léa Assed Bezerra da Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2025.106420","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2025.106420","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To investigate the effect of the HN019 probiotic on the modulation of inflammation and the resorption of mineralized tissues in experimentally induced periapical lesions in an animal model, evaluating its impact on the expression of cementum protein 1 (CEMP-1).</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Periapical lesion was induced in 45 Wistar rats. The animals were divided into groups according to the irrigating solution used. Root canals were irrigated on days 7 and 14. After 21 days, the animals were euthanized, and mandibles were processed for histological analysis. Descriptive and semi-quantitative evaluations of the inflammatory infiltrate, periodontal ligament, bone and cementum resorption, as well as counts of inflammatory cells were performed using HE staining. Also, to assess cementum formation, tissue sections were stained with an antibody for CEMP-1 and analyzed by immunohistochemistry.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In the Infection + Probiotic Group, the inflammatory infiltrate was mixed and diffuse, ranging from mild to severe, with no statistically significant difference compared to the Control Group (p > 0.05). However, in the Infection + Probiotic Group, cementum resorption was significantly lower compared to Control Group (p < 0.001). Moreover, CEMP-1 expression was significantly higher in Infection + Probiotic-Group compared with all other groups (p < 0.0001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The probiotic HN019 significantly increased CEMP-1 expression, indicating cementum formation in periapical lesions in vivo. These findings suggest that <em>B. lactis</em> HN019 may have regenerative potential in clinical scenarios. Furthermore, this strain appears to modulate the inflammatory state of periapical lesions toward a reparative phenotype, characterized by reduced bone resorption. Also, inflammatory infiltrate was like control group.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8288,"journal":{"name":"Archives of oral biology","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 106420"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145294648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-09DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2025.106410
Yajie Wu , Zhifei Su , Bowen Zhang , Lei Cheng , Ziyou Wang , He Yuan , Jiyao Li
Objectives
The long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) myocardial infarction–associated transcript 2 (Mirt2) has been confirmed to affect several inflammatory diseases. This study was conducted to explore the functional mechanism of Mirt2 in inflammatory alveolar bone loss and its possibility of being a therapeutic target.
Design
The expression level and potential role of Mirt2 in chronic inflammatory alveolar bone loss in mouse models of periodontitis and periapical periodontitis were investigated using micro-CT and qPCR. The characteristics of Mirt2 were evaluated by FISH, qPCR, ELISA, and alkaline phosphatase staining to confirm its function and mechanism of action in inflammatory response.
Results
Mirt2 expression was significantly enriched in inflammatory alveolar bone diseases. Mirt2 expression increased upon LPS stimulation in MC3T3-E1 cells (P < 0.05), located at the cell cytoplasm. Mirt2 knockdown exacerbated the LPS-stimulated inflammatory response in MC3T3-E1 cells, whereas Mirt2 overexpression attenuated this effect and rescued LPS-impaired osteogenic differentiation.
Conclusions
lncRNA Mirt2 suggests a potential role in chronic inflammation–related bone loss, providing potential therapeutic target worthy of future investigation for inflammation-related bone loss.
{"title":"Mirt2 alleviates LPS-induced inflammation of osteoblasts in alveolar bone destruction","authors":"Yajie Wu , Zhifei Su , Bowen Zhang , Lei Cheng , Ziyou Wang , He Yuan , Jiyao Li","doi":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2025.106410","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2025.106410","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) myocardial infarction–associated transcript 2 (Mirt2) has been confirmed to affect several inflammatory diseases. This study was conducted to explore the functional mechanism of Mirt2 in inflammatory alveolar bone loss and its possibility of being a therapeutic target.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>The expression level and potential role of Mirt2 in chronic inflammatory alveolar bone loss in mouse models of periodontitis and periapical periodontitis were investigated using micro-CT and qPCR. The characteristics of Mirt2 were evaluated by FISH, qPCR, ELISA, and alkaline phosphatase staining to confirm its function and mechanism of action in inflammatory response.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Mirt2 expression was significantly enriched in inflammatory alveolar bone diseases. Mirt2 expression increased upon LPS stimulation in MC3T3-E1 cells (<em>P < 0.05</em>), located at the cell cytoplasm. Mirt2 knockdown exacerbated the LPS-stimulated inflammatory response in MC3T3-E1 cells, whereas Mirt2 overexpression attenuated this effect and rescued LPS-impaired osteogenic differentiation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>lncRNA Mirt2 suggests a potential role in chronic inflammation–related bone loss, providing potential therapeutic target worthy of future investigation for inflammation-related bone loss.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8288,"journal":{"name":"Archives of oral biology","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 106410"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145264037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-08DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2025.106419
Liang Ren , Linlin He , Runyu Zhang , Xiaoyi Li , Shimeng Xiao , Shujuan Guo , Chengcheng Liu , Yi Ding
Objectives
Human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) are important cells that maintain the structure and integrity of periodontal tissues. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play critical roles in cellular processes of periodontitis; however, their roles in HGFs remain unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the function and mechanism of a novel circRNA, hsa_circ_0007349, in periodontitis progression by validating its existence, establishing its role in a ceRNA network (targeting miR-127–5p/GLUL), assessing its regulatory effects on HGF functions in vitro, and confirming its pathological impact in a murine periodontitis model.
Design
We performed circRNA sequencing to identify differentially expressed circRNAs between periodontitis and healthy gingival tissues. We selected hsa_circ_0007349, and confirmed its circular structure by Sanger sequencing, RNase R and actinomycin D assays. hsa_circ_0007349/miR-127–5p/glutamate-ammonia ligase (GLUL) interactions were explored using bioinformatics analysis, dual-luciferase reporter assays, RT-qPCR, and western blotting, and their effects on HGF functions were assessed via transcriptome sequencing, Cell Counting Kit-8, cell scratch, and Transwell assays. To further investigate the pathogenic mechanisms, we established a standardized murine periodontitis model using female C57BL/6 mice, followed by histopathological evaluation of periodontal tissue destruction.
Results
Hsa_circ_0007349 expression significantly increased in gingival tissues of patients with periodontitis and in HGFs treated with Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide. hsa_circ_0007349 regulates miR-127–5p to affect cell proliferation, migration, and wound healing, and affects extracellular matrix metabolism and periodontal tissue damage via GLUL.
Conclusion
Hsa_circ_0007349 acts as a competing endogenous RNA to promote HGF proliferation, migration, wound healing and extracellular matrix turnover by targeting miR-127–5p and GLUL.
{"title":"Hsa_circ_0007349 upregulates glutamate-ammonia ligase to modulate gingival fibroblast wound healing","authors":"Liang Ren , Linlin He , Runyu Zhang , Xiaoyi Li , Shimeng Xiao , Shujuan Guo , Chengcheng Liu , Yi Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2025.106419","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2025.106419","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) are important cells that maintain the structure and integrity of periodontal tissues. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play critical roles in cellular processes of periodontitis; however, their roles in HGFs remain unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the function and mechanism of a novel circRNA, hsa_circ_0007349, in periodontitis progression by validating its existence, establishing its role in a ceRNA network (targeting miR-127–5p/GLUL), assessing its regulatory effects on HGF functions in vitro, and confirming its pathological impact in a murine periodontitis model.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>We performed circRNA sequencing to identify differentially expressed circRNAs between periodontitis and healthy gingival tissues. We selected hsa_circ_0007349, and confirmed its circular structure by Sanger sequencing, RNase R and actinomycin D assays. hsa_circ_0007349/miR-127–5p/glutamate-ammonia ligase (GLUL) interactions were explored using bioinformatics analysis, dual-luciferase reporter assays, RT-qPCR, and western blotting, and their effects on HGF functions were assessed via transcriptome sequencing, Cell Counting Kit-8, cell scratch, and Transwell assays. To further investigate the pathogenic mechanisms, we established a standardized murine periodontitis model using female C57BL/6 mice, followed by histopathological evaluation of periodontal tissue destruction.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Hsa_circ_0007349 expression significantly increased in gingival tissues of patients with periodontitis and in HGFs treated with <em>Porphyromonas gingivalis</em> lipopolysaccharide. hsa_circ_0007349 regulates miR-127–5p to affect cell proliferation, migration, and wound healing, and affects extracellular matrix metabolism and periodontal tissue damage via GLUL.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Hsa_circ_0007349 acts as a competing endogenous RNA to promote HGF proliferation, migration, wound healing and extracellular matrix turnover by targeting miR-127–5p and GLUL.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8288,"journal":{"name":"Archives of oral biology","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 106419"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145263629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To characterize the oral microbiome of substance users (primarily tobacco, alcohol, and opioids) compared to healthy controls in the high-incidence Mizo tribal community of Northeast India, and to examine their association with food and lifestyle habits.
Methods
Saliva samples from 53 substance users and 35 healthy controls were subjected to 16S rRNA (V3–V4 region) sequencing. Alpha and beta diversity analyses, differential abundance testing, and microbial functional prediction were conducted. Statistical analyses were corrected for multiple comparisons using false discovery rate (FDR) adjustment where applicable. Associations with food and lifestyle habits were also examined.
Results
Substance users exhibited significantly lower alpha diversity, and beta diversity analyses revealed distinct clustering between the two groups. Firmicutes_D, Actinobacteria, Rothia, and Streptococcus were more abundant in substance users, whereas Bacteroidota, Proteobacteria, Neisseria, and Prevotella were enriched in healthy controls. Functional predictions indicated upregulation of biofilm formation and xenobiotic degradation pathways in substance users. Exposure to Jhum cultivation, prenatal smoking, and consumption of fermented pork fat (saum) were correlated with microbial composition.
Conclusions
Substance use and associated environmental exposures were linked to oral microbiome dysbiosis. Certain bacterial taxa may serve as potential microbial biomarkers of substance use in this high-risk tribal population, warranting further investigation.
{"title":"Distinct oral microbiome profiles in substance users in the high-incidence Mizo tribal community, Northeast India","authors":"Lalfak Zuali , Lalchhanhima Ralte , John Zothanzama , Christine Vanlalbiakdiki Sailo , Nachimuthu Senthil Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2025.106418","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2025.106418","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To characterize the oral microbiome of substance users (primarily tobacco, alcohol, and opioids) compared to healthy controls in the high-incidence Mizo tribal community of Northeast India, and to examine their association with food and lifestyle habits.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Saliva samples from 53 substance users and 35 healthy controls were subjected to 16S rRNA (V3–V4 region) sequencing. Alpha and beta diversity analyses, differential abundance testing, and microbial functional prediction were conducted. Statistical analyses were corrected for multiple comparisons using false discovery rate (FDR) adjustment where applicable. Associations with food and lifestyle habits were also examined.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Substance users exhibited significantly lower alpha diversity, and beta diversity analyses revealed distinct clustering between the two groups. Firmicutes_D, Actinobacteria, <em>Rothia</em>, and <em>Streptococcus</em> were more abundant in substance users, whereas Bacteroidota, Proteobacteria, <em>Neisseria</em>, and <em>Prevotella</em> were enriched in healthy controls. Functional predictions indicated upregulation of biofilm formation and xenobiotic degradation pathways in substance users. Exposure to Jhum cultivation, prenatal smoking, and consumption of fermented pork fat (saum) were correlated with microbial composition.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Substance use and associated environmental exposures were linked to oral microbiome dysbiosis. Certain bacterial taxa may serve as potential microbial biomarkers of substance use in this high-risk tribal population, warranting further investigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8288,"journal":{"name":"Archives of oral biology","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 106418"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145304953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-02DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2025.106409
Hsu Myat Cho , Ukseong Kim , Sunil Kim , Stephanie Myeong Choi , Sukjoon Lee , Euiseong Kim
Objectives
Although cell-based therapies using human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) with other cell lineages and growth factors show promise in regenerative endodontics, combining hDPSCs with induced pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells (iPSC-ECs) is unexplored. Moreover, iPSC-ECs overcome ethical and practical challenges related to primary endothelial cells. This study explored the odontogenic and angiogenic potential of hDPSCs and iPSC-ECs in direct coculture.
Design
hDPSCs were isolated from extracted human teeth, and iPSC‑ECs were generated via episomal reprogramming of hDPSCs followed by endothelial differentiation. Four groups were established for differentiation assays: hDPSCs in basal medium, osteogenic medium, modified osteogenic medium (D‑MOD), and coculture with iPSC‑ECs (1:5) in D‑MOD. Mineralization was assessed by alkaline phosphatase and alizarin red S staining; gene expression of odontogenic (DSPP, IBSP, ALPL) and angiogenic (PECAM1, MCAM, KDR) markers was measured by RT‑qPCR; protein levels were evaluated by Western blot and nestin immunofluorescence; and angiogenic capacity in the D‑MOD and coculture groups was quantified via Matrigel tube‑formation assay.
Results
The coculture group showed enhanced mineralization and significantly increased expression of DSPP, IBSP, and PECAM1. Protein analysis confirmed elevated DSPP and nestin levels. Tube formation assays revealed significantly more junctions, segments, and meshes in the coculture group.
Conclusions
This study demonstrated in vitro that coculturing hDPSCs with iPSC-ECs enhances both odontogenic and angiogenic differentiation compared to hDPSCs cultured alone. These findings highlight the potential of iPSC technology in regenerative endodontics and indicate a promising cell-based approach for future therapeutic applications.
{"title":"Enhanced regenerative potential of human dental pulp stem cells for the pulp-dentin complex through coculture with iPSC-derived endothelial cells: An in vitro study","authors":"Hsu Myat Cho , Ukseong Kim , Sunil Kim , Stephanie Myeong Choi , Sukjoon Lee , Euiseong Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2025.106409","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2025.106409","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Although cell-based therapies using human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) with other cell lineages and growth factors show promise in regenerative endodontics, combining hDPSCs with induced pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells (iPSC-ECs) is unexplored. Moreover, iPSC-ECs overcome ethical and practical challenges related to primary endothelial cells. This study explored the odontogenic and angiogenic potential of hDPSCs and iPSC-ECs in direct coculture.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>hDPSCs were isolated from extracted human teeth, and iPSC‑ECs were generated via episomal reprogramming of hDPSCs followed by endothelial differentiation. Four groups were established for differentiation assays: hDPSCs in basal medium, osteogenic medium, modified osteogenic medium (D‑MOD), and coculture with iPSC‑ECs (1:5) in D‑MOD. Mineralization was assessed by alkaline phosphatase and alizarin red S staining; gene expression of odontogenic (<em>DSPP, IBSP, ALPL</em>) and angiogenic (<em>PECAM1, MCAM, KDR</em>) markers was measured by RT‑qPCR; protein levels were evaluated by Western blot and nestin immunofluorescence; and angiogenic capacity in the D‑MOD and coculture groups was quantified via Matrigel tube‑formation assay.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The coculture group showed enhanced mineralization and significantly increased expression of <em>DSPP</em>, <em>IBSP</em>, and <em>PECAM1</em>. Protein analysis confirmed elevated DSPP and nestin levels. Tube formation assays revealed significantly more junctions, segments, and meshes in the coculture group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study demonstrated <em>in vitro</em> that coculturing hDPSCs with iPSC-ECs enhances both odontogenic and angiogenic differentiation compared to hDPSCs cultured alone. These findings highlight the potential of iPSC technology in regenerative endodontics and indicate a promising cell-based approach for future therapeutic applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8288,"journal":{"name":"Archives of oral biology","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 106409"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145245253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-27DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2025.106406
Maliha Shahbaz , Naauman Zaheer , Usman Zaheer , Madiha , Muhammad Haris Bilal , Abdullah Sajid , Junaid Ali , Hareem Aziz , Khurram Nadeem
Objective
To evaluate the prevalence, morphological traits, and caries susceptibility of the Cusp of Carabelli (CoC) in permanent maxillary molars among patients in Lahore, Pakistan.
Design
A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 432 participants aged 12 years or older at Lahore Medical and Dental College. Clinical examination of maxillary first and second molars was performed using the Arizona State University Dental Anthropology System (ASUDAS) for CoC traits and the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) for caries assessment. Inter- and intra-examiner calibration ensured diagnostic reliability (Cohen's Kappa >0.90).
Results
CoC (ASUDAS grades 1–7) was observed in 201 individuals (46.5 %) on maxillary first molars and in 7 individuals (1.6 %) on second molars, with bilateral expression more common than unilateral. The right first molar showed a higher prevalence of CoC and caries incidence. Morphological traits ranged from subtle grooves to pronounced cusps, with small vertical grooves (ASUDAS 1) being the most frequent. Caries susceptibility correlated positively with CoC prominence (p < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression identified CoC grade as the strongest predictor of caries, overshadowing age, side, and molar position, and substantially improving model sensitivity (0 % to 97.2 %).
Conclusion
CoC is a prevalent trait and is significantly associated with early-stage dental caries in maxillary first molars. Its presence, particularly in prominent forms, may pose an increased risk of caries. These findings underscore the need for enhanced preventive strategies and clinical attention in individuals with CoC.
{"title":"Morphological traits and caries susceptibility of the cusp of carabelli in permanent maxillary molars: A study in Lahore, Pakistan","authors":"Maliha Shahbaz , Naauman Zaheer , Usman Zaheer , Madiha , Muhammad Haris Bilal , Abdullah Sajid , Junaid Ali , Hareem Aziz , Khurram Nadeem","doi":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2025.106406","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2025.106406","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate the prevalence, morphological traits, and caries susceptibility of the Cusp of Carabelli (CoC) in permanent maxillary molars among patients in Lahore, Pakistan.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 432 participants aged 12 years or older at Lahore Medical and Dental College. Clinical examination of maxillary first and second molars was performed using the Arizona State University Dental Anthropology System (ASUDAS) for CoC traits and the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) for caries assessment. Inter- and intra-examiner calibration ensured diagnostic reliability (Cohen's Kappa >0.90).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>CoC (ASUDAS grades 1–7) was observed in 201 individuals (46.5 %) on maxillary first molars and in 7 individuals (1.6 %) on second molars, with bilateral expression more common than unilateral. The right first molar showed a higher prevalence of CoC and caries incidence. Morphological traits ranged from subtle grooves to pronounced cusps, with small vertical grooves (ASUDAS 1) being the most frequent. Caries susceptibility correlated positively with CoC prominence (p < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression identified CoC grade as the strongest predictor of caries, overshadowing age, side, and molar position, and substantially improving model sensitivity (0 % to 97.2 %).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>CoC is a prevalent trait and is significantly associated with early-stage dental caries in maxillary first molars. Its presence, particularly in prominent forms, may pose an increased risk of caries. These findings underscore the need for enhanced preventive strategies and clinical attention in individuals with CoC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8288,"journal":{"name":"Archives of oral biology","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 106406"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145218425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This review aims to summarize the molecular architecture of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signaling networks and their mechanistic involvement in temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA) progression, and current therapeutic strategies targeting ER stress mediators and the obstacles from bench to bedside.
Design
The related literatures of the roles of ER in TMJOA were searched through PubMed database by different combinations of the following keywords including animal models, ER, unfolded protein response (UPR), ER-associated degradation (ERAD), ER-phagy, TMJ, and OA. No filters were used in the search. The references of eligible studies were also analyzed and reviewed comprehensively.
Results
This review discussed how ER stress signaling orchestrated TMJOA pathogenesis, including UPR, ERAD, and ER-phagy. It was also summarized how biomechanical stress and hypoxic microenvironment synergistically exacerbated ER stress, and the current therapeutic strategies for TMJOA based on ER stress modulators and the obstacles in bench-to-bedside research.
Conclusions
ER proteostasis represented a pivotal but underexplored therapeutic axis in TMJOA. Bridging the gap between mechanistic understanding of ER stress adaptation and TMJ-specific pathobiology is essential for developing novel therapeutic strategies for TMJOA.
{"title":"Endoplasmic reticulum stress as a nexus of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis","authors":"Xinqi Huang , Zinan Cen , Xinxuan Zhou , Zhihe Zhao , Xiao Cen","doi":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2025.106407","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2025.106407","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This review aims to summarize the molecular architecture of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signaling networks and their mechanistic involvement in temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA) progression, and current therapeutic strategies targeting ER stress mediators and the obstacles from bench to bedside.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>The related literatures of the roles of ER in TMJOA were searched through PubMed database by different combinations of the following keywords including animal models, ER, unfolded protein response (UPR), ER-associated degradation (ERAD), ER-phagy, TMJ, and OA. No filters were used in the search. The references of eligible studies were also analyzed and reviewed comprehensively.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>This review discussed how ER stress signaling orchestrated TMJOA pathogenesis, including UPR, ERAD, and ER-phagy. It was also summarized how biomechanical stress and hypoxic microenvironment synergistically exacerbated ER stress, and the current therapeutic strategies for TMJOA based on ER stress modulators and the obstacles in bench-to-bedside research.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>ER proteostasis represented a pivotal but underexplored therapeutic axis in TMJOA. Bridging the gap between mechanistic understanding of ER stress adaptation and TMJ-specific pathobiology is essential for developing novel therapeutic strategies for TMJOA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8288,"journal":{"name":"Archives of oral biology","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 106407"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145202279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-25DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2025.106405
Ashley N. Bowers , Caroline Coradi Tonon , Sam Yeo , Kinga Vojnits , Rayhan Shah , Sepideh Pakpour , Simone Duarte
Objectives
Charcoal-containing dentifrices are increasingly popular for their whitening claims, but data on antimicrobial effects are limited. This study compared the antibacterial efficacy of charcoal dentifrices versus non-charcoal dentifrices containing sodium fluoride (NaF), stannous fluoride (SnF₂), or sodium monofluorophosphate (NaMFP) against multi-species oral biofilms.
Methods
Biofilms of Streptococcus mutans, S. gordonii, and S. sanguinis were grown on hydroxyapatite discs and treated for 60 s with 6 dentifrice slurries (3 charcoal, 3 non-charcoal dentifrices) or controls (saline and 0.12 % chlorhexidine, CHX). Antibacterial effects were assessed by CFU/mL; (n = 9/group) and qPCR (n = 3/group). For fluoride-type analyses, charcoal and non-charcoal dentifrices were combined (CFU n = 18/type; qPCR n = 6/type). Percent reduction was compared across groups using one-way ANOVA with post-hoc tests.
Results
NaF dentifrices exhibited the greatest overall antibacterial activity (46.8 % reduction), followed by NaMFP (34.9 %), while SnF₂ showed minimal effect (≤ 5.7 %). Charcoal inclusion did not enhance efficacy and slightly reduced NaF activity. Species-specific responses varied: NaF eliminated S. gordonii, and significantly reduced S. mutans and S. sanguinis. Charcoal inclusion did not significantly alter species-level viability. qPCR supported CFU trends but showed limited between-group differences. Overall, fluoride type – not charcoal – primarily determined efficacy (NaF > NaMFP > SnF2).
Conclusions
Fluoride type had a greater impact on antibacterial efficacy than charcoal. NaF was most effective, while SnF₂ least. Charcoal offered no benefit and may slightly diminish NaF performance. Fluoride choice is more critical than charcoal additives for caries prevention.
{"title":"Antibacterial effects of charcoal and fluoride dentifrices in oral biofilms","authors":"Ashley N. Bowers , Caroline Coradi Tonon , Sam Yeo , Kinga Vojnits , Rayhan Shah , Sepideh Pakpour , Simone Duarte","doi":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2025.106405","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.archoralbio.2025.106405","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Charcoal-containing dentifrices are increasingly popular for their whitening claims, but data on antimicrobial effects are limited. This study compared the antibacterial efficacy of charcoal dentifrices versus non-charcoal dentifrices containing sodium fluoride (NaF), stannous fluoride (SnF₂), or sodium monofluorophosphate (NaMFP) against multi-species oral biofilms.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Biofilms of <em>Streptococcus mutans</em>, <em>S. gordonii</em>, and <em>S. sanguinis</em> were grown on hydroxyapatite discs and treated for 60 s with 6 dentifrice slurries (3 charcoal, 3 non-charcoal dentifrices) or controls (saline and 0.12 % chlorhexidine, CHX). Antibacterial effects were assessed by CFU/mL; (n = 9/group) and qPCR (n = 3/group). For fluoride-type analyses, charcoal and non-charcoal dentifrices were combined (CFU n = 18/type; qPCR n = 6/type). Percent reduction was compared across groups using one-way ANOVA with post-hoc tests.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>NaF dentifrices exhibited the greatest overall antibacterial activity (46.8 % reduction), followed by NaMFP (34.9 %), while SnF₂ showed minimal effect (≤ 5.7 %). Charcoal inclusion did not enhance efficacy and slightly reduced NaF activity. Species-specific responses varied: NaF eliminated <em>S. gordonii</em>, and significantly reduced <em>S. mutans</em> and <em>S. sanguinis</em>. Charcoal inclusion did not significantly alter species-level viability. qPCR supported CFU trends but showed limited between-group differences. Overall, fluoride type – not charcoal – primarily determined efficacy (NaF > NaMFP > SnF<sub>2</sub>).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Fluoride type had a greater impact on antibacterial efficacy than charcoal. NaF was most effective, while SnF₂ least. Charcoal offered no benefit and may slightly diminish NaF performance. Fluoride choice is more critical than charcoal additives for caries prevention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8288,"journal":{"name":"Archives of oral biology","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 106405"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145187910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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