Archives of oral biology最新文献

Dental plaque as an extra-gastric reservoir of Helicobacter pylori: A systematic review and meta-analysis 牙菌斑是幽门螺旋杆菌的胃外储库：系统回顾和荟萃分析

IF 2.2 4区医学 Q2 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Archives of oral biology

Pub Date : 2024-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.106126

Pradeep S. Anand , Kavitha P. Kamath , Aravind P. Gandhi , Muhammad Aaqib Shamim , Bijaya K. Padhi , Sakshi Das

Objective

This systematic review and meta-analysis (SRMA) aimed to determine whether the presence of H. pylori in dental plaque is associated with gastric H. pylori infection.

Design

Search for the relevant literature was done in various databases: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane till September 21, 2023. The studies were screened for outcome of interest i.e. gastric H. pylori infection and exposure of interest i.e. H. pylori positivity in dental plaque. The pooled results of the study outcomes were evaluated using Odds Ratio (OR), accompanied by a 95 % confidence interval (CI). To evaluate the heterogeneity among studies, I² statistics were utilized, with an I² exceeding 50 % indicating a significant to high variation. In cases where I² was greater than 50 %, a random-effects model (specifically, the Der Simonian and Laird method) was employed.

Results

Data from 27 observational studies and 2408 participants were included. The pooled OR of the H. pylori positivity in dental plaque among the patients with H. pylori positivity in stomach was 3.80 (95 % CI 2.24; 6.43), with high heterogeneity (I²= 69 %, p<0.01). Sensitivity analysis after removing the outliers reduced the heterogeneity significantly (I²=22 %, p=0.16). Meta-regression revealed that the strength of association did not vary according to the year of study or the sample size included in the studies. Overall certainty of the evidence was low.

Conclusions

The present meta-analysis showed that the presence of gastric H. pylori infection was higher among patients with H. pylori in dental plaque compared to patients without H. pylori in dental plaque. Presence of H. pylori infection in dental plaque can have implications in the management of H. pylori infection as dental plaque can serve as a reservoir from which the microorganism can recolonize the gastric mucosa.

目标本系统综述和荟萃分析（SRMA）旨在确定牙菌斑中幽门螺杆菌的存在是否与胃幽门螺杆菌感染有关：截至 2023 年 9 月 21 日，在 PubMed、Embase、Web of Science 和 Cochrane 等多个数据库中搜索了相关文献。对研究结果（即胃幽门螺杆菌感染）和研究暴露（即牙菌斑中幽门螺杆菌阳性）进行了筛选。研究结果的汇集结果采用比值比 (OR) 进行评估，并附有 95% 的置信区间 (CI)。为了评估研究之间的异质性，我们使用了 I2 统计量，I2 超过 50% 表示差异显著或较大。如果 I2 大于 50%，则采用随机效应模型（特别是 Der Simonian 和 Laird 方法）。在胃幽门螺杆菌阳性的患者中，牙菌斑中幽门螺杆菌阳性的汇总 OR 值为 3.80 (95 % CI 2.24; 6.43)，异质性较高 (I2= 69 %, p<0.01)。剔除异常值后的敏感性分析显著降低了异质性（I2=22 %，p=0.16）。元回归显示，相关性的强弱并不因研究年份或研究样本大小而异。结论本荟萃分析显示，与牙菌斑中未检出幽门螺杆菌的患者相比，牙菌斑中检出幽门螺杆菌的患者胃幽门螺杆菌感染率更高。牙菌斑中存在幽门螺杆菌感染可能会对幽门螺杆菌感染的治疗产生影响，因为牙菌斑可以作为幽门螺杆菌的储藏库，幽门螺杆菌可以从牙菌斑中重新定植到胃粘膜中。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of loxoprofen on impaired water-evoked swallows in a pharyngitis rat model 洛索洛芬对咽炎大鼠模型水诱发吞咽功能受损的影响

IF 2.2 4区医学 Q2 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Archives of oral biology

Pub Date : 2024-11-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.106125

Mari Fukuzaki , Chihiro Nakatomi , Sayaka Kubo , Tomoki Shimada , Keiko Tsuji , Chia-Chien Hsu , Tatsuo Kawamoto , Kentaro Ono

Objective

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs; e.g., loxoprofen) on pharyngitis-induced dysphagia in rats.

Design

A pharyngitis rat model was generated by topical application of acetic acid to the laryngopharyngeal region. Changes in water swallowing were evaluated by endoscopic observation over time. A histological analysis of the laryngopharyngeal mucosa was performed. The effects of loxoprofen, antibacterial drugs, and transient receptor potential (TRP) channel inhibitors were investigated in model rats.

Results

After acetic acid treatment, water-evoked swallowing was impaired on day 1 (prolonging the swallowing latency and interval and decreasing the number of swallows), and recovered until day 6. Administration of loxoprofen significantly alleviated impaired water swallowing. Histologically, loxoprofen significantly improved inflammation of the pharynx, including submucosal edema, but did not affect the loss of taste bud-like structures in the arytenoid. In contrast, the administration of antibacterial drugs or TRP channel inhibitors did not affect the impairment of water swallowing in the model group.

Conclusion

These results demonstrate the efficacy of systemic administration of loxoprofen in improving swallowing impairment in a pharyngitis model rat. This study is the first to provide scientific evidence for the use of NSAIDs in the management of pharyngitis.

本研究旨在探讨非甾体抗炎药（NSAIDs，如洛索洛芬）对咽炎引起的大鼠吞咽困难的影响。设计通过在喉咽部局部施用醋酸建立咽炎大鼠模型。通过内窥镜观察评估吞水量随时间的变化。对喉咽粘膜进行了组织学分析。结果经醋酸处理后，吞咽水的能力在第 1 天受到影响（吞咽潜伏期和间隔时间延长，吞咽次数减少），直到第 6 天才恢复。服用洛索洛芬可明显缓解吞水障碍。从组织学角度来看，洛索洛芬能明显改善咽部炎症，包括粘膜下水肿，但不会影响杓状体味蕾样结构的丧失。相比之下，服用抗菌药物或 TRP 通道抑制剂对模型组的吞水障碍没有影响。这项研究首次为非甾体抗炎药治疗咽炎提供了科学证据。

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引用次数: 0

Ameloblastin binding to biomimetic models of cell membranes – A continuum of intrinsic disorder 淀粉样蛋白与生物仿真细胞膜模型的结合--内在紊乱的连续体。

IF 2.2 4区医学 Q2 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Archives of oral biology

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.106124

Garry W. Buchko , Natalie C. Kegulian , Janet Moradian-Oldak

Objective

A 37-residue amino acid sequence corresponding to the segment encoded by exon-5 of murine ameloblastin (Ambn), AB2 (Y67-Q103), has been implicated with membrane association, ameloblastin self-assembly, and amelogenin-binding. Our aim was to characterize, at the residue level, the structural behavior of AB2 bound to chemical mimics of biological membranes using NMR spectroscopy.

Design

To better define the structure of AB2 using NMR-based methods, recombinant ¹³C- and ¹⁵N-labelled AB2 (*AB2) was prepared and data collected free in solution and with deuterated dodecylphosphocholine (dPC) micelles, deuterated bicelles, and both small and large unilamellar vesicles.

Results

Amide chemical shift and intensity perturbations observed in ¹H-¹⁵N HSQC spectra of *AB2 in the presence of bicelles and dPC micelles suggest that a region of *AB2, S6-E36 (murine Ambn S68 – E98), associates with the membrane biomimetics. A CSI-3 analysis of the NMR chemical shift assignments for *AB2 free in solution and bound to dPC micelles indicated the peptide remains disordered except for the adoption of a short, 12-residue α-helix, F10-G21 (murine Ambn F72-G83). In dPC micelles, the NOE NMR data was void of patterns characteristic of long-lived helical structure indicating this helix was transient in nature.

Conclusions

A continuum of intrinsic disorder in the membrane-bound state may be responsible for ameloblastin’s ability to dynamically interact with multiple partners at the same site during amelogenesis.

目的：与小鼠淀粉样蛋白（Ambn）外显子 5 所编码的片段 AB2（Y67-Q103）相对应的 37 个残基氨基酸序列与膜关联、淀粉样蛋白自组装和淀粉样蛋白结合有关。我们的目的是利用核磁共振光谱在残基水平上描述 AB2 与生物膜化学模拟物结合的结构行为：设计：为了利用基于核磁共振的方法更好地确定 AB2 的结构，我们制备了 13C 和 15N 标记的重组 AB2（*AB2），并收集了溶液中的自由数据以及与氚代十二烷基磷酸胆碱（dPC）胶束、氚代双胶束以及小型和大型单胶束囊泡结合的数据：在双胶囊和dPC胶束存在时，*AB2的1H-15N HSQC光谱中观察到的酰胺化学位移和强度扰动表明，*AB2的一个区域S6-E36（鼠Ambn S68-E98）与膜生物仿生学有关。对 *AB2 在溶液中的自由状态和与 dPC 胶束结合后的核磁共振化学位移分配进行的 CSI-3 分析表明，除了采用一个短的 12 位元 α-螺旋 F10-G21（小鼠 Ambn F72-G83）外，肽仍然是无序的。在 dPC 胶束中，NOE NMR 数据中没有长寿命螺旋结构的特征模式，这表明这种螺旋在本质上是短暂的：结论：在amelogenesis过程中，ameloblastin能够在同一部位与多个伙伴动态地相互作用，这可能是膜结合状态下内在无序性的连续性所致。

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引用次数: 0

Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced autophagy exacerbates abnormal lung homeostasis: An in vivo and in vitro study 牙龈卟啉单胞菌诱导的自噬作用加剧了肺稳态异常：体内和体外研究

IF 2.2 4区医学 Q2 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Archives of oral biology

Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.106122

Qian Zhao , Wenyue Li , Wei Li, Hongjia Yang, Xueyuan Wang, Zhaoyue Ding, Zhiqiang Liu, Zuomin Wang

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of periodontal Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) infection on lung homeostasis and to explore the underlying mechanism.

Designs

In in vivo experiments, twelve mice were divided into two groups. The P. gingivalis infection group received P. gingivalis around the maxillary second molar, and the control group was left untreated. After 12 weeks, the histopathological changes of the lung tissue and the autophagy and apoptosis in the lung tissue cells were detected. In in vitro experiments, alveolar epithelial cell A549 was co cultured with P. gingivalis and treated with autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ). Western blot was then used to detect autophagic markers LC3 and P62, and mRFP-GFP-LC3 was used to observe autophagic flux. Cell viability and apoptosis were also detected.

Results

For the in vivo experiments, pathological changes were observed in the lung tissue of the P. gingivalis infection group at 12 weeks, along with higher levels of autophagy and apoptosis in the lung tissue cells. For the in vitro experiments, infection of alveolar epithelial cells with P. gingivalis inhibited cell viability and promoted cell autophagy and apoptosis. Interestingly, we found that inhibiting P. gingivalis-activated autophagy significantly improved cell apoptosis and viability damage induced by P. gingivalis.

Conclusion

Periodontal P. gingivalis infection can cause pathological changes and abnormal homeostasis in lung tissue, and the up-regulation of autophagy induced by P. gingivalis may play a synergistic role in this process.

设计在活体实验中，将 12 只小鼠分为两组。牙龈弧菌感染组在上颌第二磨牙周围接受牙龈弧菌感染，对照组不做任何处理。12 周后，检测肺组织的组织病理学变化以及肺组织细胞的自噬和凋亡。在体外实验中，将肺泡上皮细胞 A549 与牙龈脓疱病菌共同培养，并用自噬抑制剂氯喹（CQ）处理。然后用 Western 印迹检测自噬标记物 LC3 和 P62，并用 mRFP-GFP-LC3 观察自噬通量。结果在体内实验中，牙龈脓疱病感染组的肺组织在 12 周后出现病理变化，肺组织细胞的自噬和凋亡水平较高。在体外实验中，牙龈弧菌感染肺泡上皮细胞会抑制细胞活力，促进细胞自噬和凋亡。有趣的是，我们发现抑制牙龈脓疱噬菌体激活的自噬作用可明显改善牙龈脓疱噬菌体诱导的细胞凋亡和活力损伤。

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引用次数: 0

Acidic/abrasive challenges on simulated non-carious cervical lesions development and morphology 酸性/磨蚀性挑战对模拟非龋齿性宫颈病变的发展和形态的影响。

IF 2.2 4区医学 Q2 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Archives of oral biology

Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.106120

Giovanna C. Denucci , Ian Towle , Cecilia P. Turssi , George J. Eckert , Anderson T. Hara

Objectives

This in vitro investigation assessed how frequency of erosive challenges and duration of toothbrushing abrasion influenced non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) development and morphology. Design: Experimental units were prepared using extracted human premolars assigned to four erosive-abrasive frequency protocols (n=16): F0. No acid exposure (negative control), F2.5 K. Acid exposure (1 % citric acid at natural pH) every 2500, F5K. 5000 and F15K. 15000 brushing-strokes. All groups were brushed for 55000 total brushing-strokes. Three-dimension images of the teeth were captured at baseline, after 15000, 35000 and 55000 brushing-strokes, using an intraoral scanner (TRIOS4, 3Shape). WearCompare software (Leeds Digital Dentistry) was used to analyze volumetric tooth loss (mm³) by superimposition followed by subtraction analysis. Lesion angle was measured (ImageJ, NIH) and morphology visually classified. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Fisher’s Exact tests adopting two-sided 5 % significance level. Results: Tooth loss increased with brushing-strokes overall (p<0.001) and for each erosive-abrasive protocol (p<0.001). Acid exposure significantly increased tooth loss (p<0.001), regardless of brushing interval (p<0.001), however by 35000 strokes no tooth loss difference was observed among acid-exposed groups (p>0.05). Control had significantly sharper mean lesion angle (59°) than all acid-exposed groups (∼145°) (p<0.001), and significantly different lesion shape with 94 % wedge-shaped lesions versus 0 %, respectively (p<0.001). In contrast to the control, acid exposure was associated to more striated lesions. Conclusions: Simulated NCCLs developed and progressed differently and more rapidly in the presence of acidic challenges, regardless of their frequency. Exposure to acid impacted the morphology of lesions.

目的：这项体外研究评估了侵蚀性挑战的频率和刷牙磨损的持续时间如何影响非龋性宫颈病变（NCCL）的发展和形态：这项体外研究评估了侵蚀性挑战的频率和刷牙磨损的持续时间如何影响非龋性牙颈部病变（NCCLs）的发展和形态：设计：使用拔出的人类前臼齿制备实验单位，将其分配到四种侵蚀-磨损频率方案中（n=16）：F0.无酸暴露（阴性对照），F2.5 K.酸暴露（自然 pH 值下的 1 % 柠檬酸），每 2500 次；F5K.5000 和 F15K。15000 次刷洗。所有组的刷牙总次数为 55000 次。使用口内扫描仪（TRIOS4，3Shape）采集基线、15000 次、35000 次和 55000 次刷牙后的牙齿三维图像。使用 WearCompare 软件（利兹数字牙科）通过叠加和减法分析来分析牙齿缺损的体积（mm3）。测量病损角度（ImageJ，NIH）并对形态进行目测分类。数据分析采用方差分析和费雪精确检验，显著性水平为双侧 5%：结果：总体而言，刷牙次数越多，牙齿脱落越严重（P0.05）。对照组的平均病损角度（59°）明显高于所有酸暴露组（∼145°）（p结论：无论酸性挑战的频率如何，模拟 NCCL 在存在酸性挑战的情况下都会以不同的方式快速发展和恶化。接触酸会影响病变的形态。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of quercetin on mineralized dental tissues: A scoping review 槲皮素对矿化牙齿组织的影响：范围综述

IF 2.2 4区医学 Q2 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Archives of oral biology

Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.106119

Gabriel Pereira Nunes , Renata de Oliveira Alves , Matheus Henrique Faccioli Ragghianti , Alexandre Henrique dos Reis-Prado , Priscila Toninatto Alves de Toledo , Tamires Passadori Martins , Ana Paula Miranda Vieira , Geórgia Rondó Peres , Cristiane Duque

Objective

This scoping review (SR) aimed to investigate the impact of quercetin on mineralized dental tissues intended to be used in preventive and restorative dentistry.

Methods

This SR was conducted following the PRISMA-ScR statement. A comprehensive search was performed across databases for articles published up to March 2024. Eligible studies included in vitro and in situ studies and evaluating the potential therapeutic effects of quercetin on dental enamel and dentin. Data were extracted, and synthesis of study findings was conducted.

Results

Out of the 2322 records screened, 22 studies were included in the review. Quercetin, in solution or into dental materials increased the bond strength to enamel and dentin. Additionally, quercetin also enhanced the bond strength of enamel after bleaching. Co-administration of quercetin with fluoride prevented erosive wear and inhibited the proteolytic activity in dentin more effectively than either agent alone. Hardness and modulus of elasticity was higher in dentin treated with quercetin compared to placebo. Reduction of nanoleakage at the composite-dentin interface was reduced in the presence of quercetin as a solution or incorporated into dental adhesives.

Conclusions

Quercetin exhibits promising therapeutic effects on mineralized dental tissues, including remineralization and enhancement of bond strength. It shows potential as a multifunctional agent for improving the longevity and effectiveness of dental biomaterials, as well as in preventing erosion and dental caries. However, as these conclusions are largely drawn from lab-based (in vitro) studies, further research, including clinical trials, is needed to fully explore its therapeutic potential and applications in dentistry.

目的本范围综述（SR）旨在研究槲皮素对拟用于预防和修复牙科的矿化牙组织的影响。在各数据库中全面检索了截至 2024 年 3 月发表的文章。符合条件的研究包括体外和原位研究，以及评估槲皮素对牙釉质和牙本质潜在治疗效果的研究。在筛选出的 2322 条记录中，有 22 项研究被纳入综述。在溶液中或牙科材料中加入槲皮素可增加与牙釉质和牙本质的粘合强度。此外，槲皮素还能增强漂白后珐琅质的粘合强度。与单独使用其中一种药剂相比，同时使用槲皮素和氟化物能更有效地防止侵蚀性磨损和抑制牙本质中的蛋白水解活性。与安慰剂相比，使用槲皮素的牙本质硬度和弹性模量更高。结论槲皮素对矿化牙组织具有良好的治疗效果，包括再矿化和增强粘接强度。槲皮素作为一种多功能制剂，在提高牙科生物材料的寿命和有效性以及预防侵蚀和龋齿方面具有潜力。不过，由于这些结论主要来自实验室（体外）研究，因此还需要进一步的研究，包括临床试验，以充分探索其在牙科中的治疗潜力和应用。

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引用次数: 0

Allyl isothiocyanate suppressed periodontal tissue destruction in mice via bacteriostatic and anti-inflammatory activities against Porphyromonas gingivalis 异硫氰酸烯丙酯通过对牙龈卟啉单胞菌的抑菌和消炎作用抑制小鼠牙周组织的破坏

IF 2.2 4区医学 Q2 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Archives of oral biology

Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.106118

Yukako Minato, Yukari Aoki-Nonaka, Hnin Yu Lwin, Daiki Ando, Yuko Warita, Aoi Matsugishi-Nasu, Takumi Hiyoshi, Naoki Takahashi, Koichi Tabeta

Objectives

Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) is a phytochemical that is abundantly present in cruciferous vegetables, such as wasabi and mustard. Among its pharmacological properties, it demonstrates anticancer, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory activities. This study aimed to investigate the functions of AITC against periodontopathic bacteria and its effects on a mouse model of periodontitis.

Design

The antimicrobial and antibiofilm functions of AITC were assessed against Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Streptococcus mitis. To clarify its anti-inflammatory effects, macrophage-like cells from THP-1 were stimulated with P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and the release of inflammatory cytokines was analyzed by ELISA. Experimental periodontitis was induced in 9-week-old mice by ligation and oral infection of P. gingivalis, and AITC was injected into the gingiva once daily for 8 days. Alveolar bone resorption was evaluated by measuring the exposed root area. Gene expressions in the periodontal tissue were analyzed via qPCR.

Results

AITC exerted weak bacteriostatic effects against P. gingivalis, inhibiting biofilm formation. AITC also impeded the production of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α induced by P. gingivalis LPS. Additionally, transient receptor potential ankyrin 1(TRPA1) channel agonist inhibited the anti-inflammatory effects of AITC. In vivo, AITC inhibited alveolar bone destruction and decreased the gene transcription of Il6 in the periodontal tissue.

Conclusion

AITC exerted weak bacteriostatic and anti-inflammatory effects against P. gingivalis, reducing alveolar bone destruction and suppressing the inflammatory response in experimental periodontitis. Therefore, AITC may serve as a valuable adjunct in controlling periodontal disease.

目的异硫氰酸烯丙酯（AITC）是一种植物化学物质，大量存在于芥末和芥菜等十字花科蔬菜中。在其药理特性中，它具有抗癌、抗真菌和抗炎活性。本研究旨在探讨 AITC 对抗牙周病细菌的功能及其对牙周炎小鼠模型的影响。设计评估了 AITC 对抗牙龈卟啉单胞菌、核酸化脓杆菌和米炎链球菌的抗菌和抗生物膜功能。为明确其抗炎作用，用牙龈卟啉菌脂多糖（LPS）刺激 THP-1 巨噬细胞样细胞，并用 ELISA 分析炎症细胞因子的释放。通过结扎和口腔感染牙龈脓毒性噬菌体诱导 9 周大的小鼠患上实验性牙周炎，然后向牙龈注射 AITC，每天一次，连续注射 8 天。通过测量暴露的牙根面积来评估牙槽骨吸收情况。结果 AITC 对牙龈脓毒性龈脓杆菌有微弱的抑菌作用，可抑制生物膜的形成。AITC 还能抑制牙龈脓疱梭菌 LPS 诱导的白细胞介素-6 和肿瘤坏死因子-α 的产生。此外，瞬时受体电位ankyrin 1（TRPA1）通道激动剂抑制了 AITC 的抗炎作用。结论 AITC 对牙龈脓毒性龈脓杆菌有微弱的抑菌和抗炎作用，能减少牙槽骨破坏，抑制实验性牙周炎的炎症反应。因此，AITC 可作为控制牙周疾病的一种有价值的辅助药物。

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引用次数: 0

How malocclusion interferes with tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 expression and morphology of the articular cartilage of the mandible in female rats 错牙合畸形如何影响雌性大鼠下颌骨关节软骨中金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂-1的表达和形态

IF 2.2 4区医学 Q2 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Archives of oral biology

Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.106117

Carolina Brioschi Mathias , Rebeca Ferreira Badaró , Willian Grassi Bautz , Leticia Nogueira da Gama-de-Souza

Objective

The purpose of this study was to investigate morphological alterations and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 expression in the articular cartilage of the mandible under conditions of experimentally induced malocclusion.

Design

Twenty-four 8-week-old female Wistar rats were used and divided into control and experimental groups with two different treatment periods (2 and 4 weeks). Sagittal malocclusions were orthodontically created, causing mesial movement of the first molars and distalization of the third molars unilaterally and on opposite sides of the arches. Sagittal sections of the articular cartilage of the mandible were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemistry for tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1. Chi-square and MannWhitney U tests were applied.

Results

Animals treated for 2 and 4 weeks showed morphological alterations in articular cartilage of the mandible. The main findings were thickening of the posterior third, layer derangement, osteoclast activity and osteophyte formation. Among the cellular aspects, the presence of chondrocytes with condensed nuclei and cytoplasm reduction were observed. The enzyme in control animals was observed only in the mature layer. Treated animals showed immunopositive cells in the proliferative and mature layers, and in the 2-week treated group, the posterior third of the cartilage had more immunolabeled cells than control (P=0.0291).

Conclusions

The occlusal disorder caused morphological changes in articular cartilage of the mandible, probably due to the attempt to adapt to the new condition. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 expression may play a role as an initial modulator in the biological events observed in articular cartilage of the mandible.

设计采用24只8周大的雌性Wistar大鼠，分为对照组和实验组，治疗周期分别为2周和4周。通过正畸造成矢状错颌，使第一磨牙向中侧移动，第三磨牙向远侧移动，单侧且位于牙弓的两侧。对下颌骨关节软骨的矢状切片进行苏木精、伊红和组织金属蛋白酶抑制剂-1的免疫组化。结果治疗 2 周和 4 周的动物下颌骨关节软骨发生了形态学改变。主要表现为后三分之一增厚、层错位、破骨细胞活性和骨赘形成。在细胞方面，观察到软骨细胞的细胞核浓缩，细胞质减少。对照组动物仅在成熟层中观察到酶。结论咬合紊乱导致下颌骨关节软骨发生形态学变化，可能是由于试图适应新的条件。组织金属蛋白酶抑制剂-1的表达可能在下颌骨关节软骨中观察到的生物事件中起到了初始调节剂的作用。

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引用次数: 0

The important role of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in small molecules mediated gingival mesenchymal stem cells transdifferentiate into neuron-like cells Wnt/β-catenin信号通路在小分子介导的牙龈间充质干细胞向神经元样细胞转分化过程中的重要作用。

IF 2.2 4区医学 Q2 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Archives of oral biology

Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.106115

Qiuying Liang , Chuhan Zhang , Peiyi Lv , Yongmao Huang , Hang Zhao , Shan Jiang , Wenan Xu

Objective

Given their neural crest origin, gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) possess high neurogenic potential, which makes them suitable for cell replacement therapy against neurodegenerative diseases. This study investigated whether GMSCs can be transdifferentiated into neurons in vitro using a protocol involving small molecules VCRFY (VPA, CHIR99021, Repsox, Forskolin, and Y-27632). The regulatory mechanisms of key signaling pathways were also investigated.

Methods

Neuronal induction of GMSCs was conducted using a small molecules-based protocol over 7 days, which included the evaluation of cell morphology, proliferation, expressions of neurogenic markers, and intracellular calcium oscillation. The activation of canonical the Wnt signaling pathway was assessed by examining the protein content and subcellular localization of β-catenin.

Results

Small molecules-treated GMSCs displayed neuronal morphology and increased expression of neurogenic markers, including class III beta-tubulin (TUJ1), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), microtube-associated protein 2 (MAP2), and neurofilament medium (NFM), verified through RT-qPCR, western blotting, and immunocytochemistry. Based on the results of Fluo-4 AM calcium flux assay, small molecules-treated GMSCs exhibited enhanced electrophysiological activity. GMSC proliferation halted after 2 days of treatment. Among the small molecules, CHIR99021 exhibited the highest neuronal induction efficiency. Furthermore, activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway augmented neuronal differentiation.

Conclusions

Small molecule-based cellular reprogramming can efficiently generate neurons from GMSCs, with Wnt/β-catenin signaling to play a critical role in neuronal induction.

目的：牙龈间充质干细胞（GMSCs）起源于神经嵴，具有很高的神经源潜能，因此适合用于神经退行性疾病的细胞替代疗法。本研究通过使用小分子 VCRFY（VPA、CHIR99021、Repsox、Forskolin 和 Y-27632），研究了牙龈间充质干细胞能否在体外转分化为神经元。此外，还对关键信号通路的调控机制进行了研究：采用基于小分子的方案对 GMSCs 进行了为期 7 天的神经元诱导，包括评估细胞形态、增殖、神经原标志物的表达和细胞内钙振荡。通过检测β-catenin的蛋白含量和亚细胞定位，评估了Wnt信号通路的激活情况：结果：通过RT-qPCR、Western印迹和免疫细胞化学证实，小分子处理的GMSCs显示了神经元形态和神经原标志物表达的增加，包括III类β-tubulin（TUJ1）、神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）、微管相关蛋白2（MAP2）和神经丝中（NFM）。根据 Fluo-4 AM 钙通量测定的结果，小分子处理的 GMSCs 表现出更强的电生理活性。处理 2 天后，GMSC 增殖停止。在这些小分子中，CHIR99021 的神经元诱导效率最高。此外，激活 Wnt/β-catenin 信号通路可促进神经元分化：结论：基于小分子的细胞重编程可有效地从GMSCs产生神经元，其中Wnt/β-catenin信号在神经元诱导中起着关键作用。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of salivary melatonin and MMP-9 levels in periodontal diseases 评估牙周病患者唾液中的褪黑激素和 MMP-9 水平。

IF 2.2 4区医学 Q2 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Archives of oral biology

Pub Date : 2024-10-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.106116

Ali Batuhan Bayırlı , Ceyda Gürhan , Ercan Saruhan

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate salivary matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and melatonin levels in individuals with periodontal health, gingivitis, and periodontitis.

Design

A total of 170 participants were enrolled in this study. They included 57 periodontally healthy individuals, 58 gingivitis patients, and 55 periodontitis patients. Saliva samples were collected by passive drool technique. The levels of MMP-9 and melatonin in saliva were measured biochemically using the ELISA method.

Results

Salivary MMP-9 levels in the periodontitis group were significantly higher than those in the gingivitis and periodontally healthy groups, while salivary melatonin levels were significantly lower (p<0.001). A positive correlation was observed between clinical periodontal parameters and salivary MMP-9 levels, while salivary melatonin levels were negatively correlated (p<0.001). A negative correlation was also observed between salivary MMP-9 levels and salivary melatonin levels (p<0.001).

Conclusion

This study shows that the level of melatonin in saliva is associated with periodontal disease and with the level of MMP-9 in saliva, which plays a role in this disease.

研究目的本研究旨在评估牙周健康、牙龈炎和牙周炎患者的唾液基质金属蛋白酶-9（MMP-9）和褪黑激素水平：设计：本研究共招募了 170 名参与者。设计：这项研究共招募了 170 名参与者，其中包括 57 名牙周健康者、58 名牙龈炎患者和 55 名牙周炎患者。采用被动流口水技术采集唾液样本。采用酶联免疫吸附法对唾液中的 MMP-9 和褪黑激素水平进行生化测定：结果：牙周炎组唾液中 MMP-9 的水平明显高于牙龈炎组和牙周健康组，而唾液中褪黑激素的水平则明显低于牙龈炎组和牙周健康组（p 结论：该研究表明，褪黑激素在牙周炎患者唾液中的水平明显高于牙龈炎组和牙周健康组：本研究表明，唾液中褪黑激素的水平与牙周病和唾液中 MMP-9 的水平有关，而 MMP-9 在牙周病中起着一定的作用。

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引用次数: 0