Nasal mucosal melanoma (MM) is a rare and aggressive tumor, first described by Lucke in 1869. It accounts for 0.5%–2% of all melanomas. Its incidence is more in fair skinned individuals, and most commonly seen in the mean age of 60 years with slight male predominance. MMs are associated with poor prognosis and overall less survival rates as symptoms develop slowly; therefore, many patients are lately diagnosed. An Indian female in her early 50s came to the ear, nose, and throat outpatient department with complaints of bleeding from her nose for 20 days and mass in the right nasal cavity. On examination, a dirty black mass arising from the septum and deviated nasal septum to the right side were noted on rhinoscopy. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed features of nasal polyp. Fine-needle aspiration cytology was performed and found to be inconclusive. A punch biopsy was done and sent for histopathological examination (HPE), tiny biopsy showed features suggestive of melanosis with focal atypia. After 3 months, the patient reported with recurrence of nasal mass that was progressive in size. An excision biopsy was performed by endoscopic surgery under local anesthesia and sent for HPE. To confirm the diagnosis, immunohistochemistry was performed by application of S100, HMB45, and vimentin (after bleach treatment) showed diffuse strong intensity nuclear and cytoplasmic positivity in all pigmented cells. Thereafter, diagnosis of “Nasal mucosal melanoma” was awarded.
{"title":"Primary mucosal melanoma masquerading as nasal polyp: A diagnostic challenge","authors":"","doi":"10.4103/amhs.amhs_25_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amhs.amhs_25_23","url":null,"abstract":"Nasal mucosal melanoma (MM) is a rare and aggressive tumor, first described by Lucke in 1869. It accounts for 0.5%–2% of all melanomas. Its incidence is more in fair skinned individuals, and most commonly seen in the mean age of 60 years with slight male predominance. MMs are associated with poor prognosis and overall less survival rates as symptoms develop slowly; therefore, many patients are lately diagnosed. An Indian female in her early 50s came to the ear, nose, and throat outpatient department with complaints of bleeding from her nose for 20 days and mass in the right nasal cavity. On examination, a dirty black mass arising from the septum and deviated nasal septum to the right side were noted on rhinoscopy. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed features of nasal polyp. Fine-needle aspiration cytology was performed and found to be inconclusive. A punch biopsy was done and sent for histopathological examination (HPE), tiny biopsy showed features suggestive of melanosis with focal atypia. After 3 months, the patient reported with recurrence of nasal mass that was progressive in size. An excision biopsy was performed by endoscopic surgery under local anesthesia and sent for HPE. To confirm the diagnosis, immunohistochemistry was performed by application of S100, HMB45, and vimentin (after bleach treatment) showed diffuse strong intensity nuclear and cytoplasmic positivity in all pigmented cells. Thereafter, diagnosis of “Nasal mucosal melanoma” was awarded.","PeriodicalId":8296,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70679880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/amhs.amhs_275_22
Priya Kuryan, C. Peter, S. Pulimood, L. George, John Mathew
Background and Aims: Systemic sclerosis is an autoimmune disease, of which cutaneous sclerosis is a cardinal feature. Other skin manifestations include Raynaud's phenomenon, digital ulcers, gangrene, flexion contractures, and telangiectasias. It has been noted that the clinical and antibody profile varies within ethnic groups. The objective of the study was to study the clinical profile of patients with systemic sclerosis in a tertiary center in South India and to compare to other ethnic groups. Materials and Methods: Thirty-five patients were recruited in the study period between February 2014 and September 2015. A record of the disease details, systemic manifestations, morphology, and distribution of the cutaneous manifestations and investigations were done by the principal investigator. The severity of cutaneous sclerosis was assessed by modified Rodnan Skin Score (mRSS). Results: Our study had a female preponderance with diffuse type of disease in 91% of patients. The common cutaneous presenting complaints were sclerosis (n = 35, 100%), Raynaud's phenomenon (n = 25, 71.4%), and pigmentary disturbances (n = 33, 94.3%). Respiratory system was the most common system involved, with interstitial lung disease seen in 78.1% (n = 25). A significant association (P = 0.026) was noticed between the increase in mRSS and interstitial lung disease. Conclusion: Pigmentary disturbances were higher in our population, whereas Raynaud's phenomenon, digital ulcers, and telangiectasia were less common than in Western population. A significant association (P = 0.026) was found between mRSS and interstitial lung disease.
{"title":"Clinical and cutaneous profile of patients with systemic sclerosis in a tertiary centre in South India","authors":"Priya Kuryan, C. Peter, S. Pulimood, L. George, John Mathew","doi":"10.4103/amhs.amhs_275_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amhs.amhs_275_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aims: Systemic sclerosis is an autoimmune disease, of which cutaneous sclerosis is a cardinal feature. Other skin manifestations include Raynaud's phenomenon, digital ulcers, gangrene, flexion contractures, and telangiectasias. It has been noted that the clinical and antibody profile varies within ethnic groups. The objective of the study was to study the clinical profile of patients with systemic sclerosis in a tertiary center in South India and to compare to other ethnic groups. Materials and Methods: Thirty-five patients were recruited in the study period between February 2014 and September 2015. A record of the disease details, systemic manifestations, morphology, and distribution of the cutaneous manifestations and investigations were done by the principal investigator. The severity of cutaneous sclerosis was assessed by modified Rodnan Skin Score (mRSS). Results: Our study had a female preponderance with diffuse type of disease in 91% of patients. The common cutaneous presenting complaints were sclerosis (n = 35, 100%), Raynaud's phenomenon (n = 25, 71.4%), and pigmentary disturbances (n = 33, 94.3%). Respiratory system was the most common system involved, with interstitial lung disease seen in 78.1% (n = 25). A significant association (P = 0.026) was noticed between the increase in mRSS and interstitial lung disease. Conclusion: Pigmentary disturbances were higher in our population, whereas Raynaud's phenomenon, digital ulcers, and telangiectasia were less common than in Western population. A significant association (P = 0.026) was found between mRSS and interstitial lung disease.","PeriodicalId":8296,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49549841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/amhs.amhs_154_22
Kamini Rajput, S. Johri, A. Goyal
Background and Aim: Infection characterized by the production of pus is classified as pyogenic or pus-producing infections. These infections are challenging to treat because bacteria are becoming increasingly resistant to antibiotics. It is critical to understand the microorganisms that cause infections and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns for optimal management of the patient. The purpose of this study was to examine the frequency and distribution of bacteria isolated from pus/wound, as well as their susceptibility patterns. Materials and Methods: A retrospective hospital-based study was conducted on 175 patients who provided pus and/or wound discharge samples in different wards (outpatient department or inpatient department). The samples were inoculated on MacConkey agar and blood agar plates and incubated at 37°C for 24 h. The Gram stain and biochemical tests were used to identify all isolates after incubation. Antibiotic sensitivity was performed using Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion test. Results: This study covered 175 patients, with a bacterial isolation rate of 102 (58.28%). Males outnumbered females in the samples (M: F-1.8:1), with a median age of 45 years. Majority were in the age group of 40–60 years which was 41 (40.20%). Monomicrobial infections were seen in 92 (90.19%) samples whereas polymicrobial infections in 10 (9.80%) samples and total 112 bacterial strains were isolated. Conclusion: Escherichia coli was the most prevalent isolate in our investigation, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. For Gram-positive cocci, doxycycline, linezolid, and chloramphenicol are the most effective antibiotics, whereas for Gram-negative bacilli, amikacin, gentamicin, and chloramphenicol are the most effective antibiotics. The susceptibility statistics presented in this article may be useful in formulating empiric treatment regimens for pyogenic infections.
{"title":"Seroprevalence of bacterial isolates and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern from exudate sample in Birla Institute of Medical Research Hospital, Gwalior, India","authors":"Kamini Rajput, S. Johri, A. Goyal","doi":"10.4103/amhs.amhs_154_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amhs.amhs_154_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Infection characterized by the production of pus is classified as pyogenic or pus-producing infections. These infections are challenging to treat because bacteria are becoming increasingly resistant to antibiotics. It is critical to understand the microorganisms that cause infections and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns for optimal management of the patient. The purpose of this study was to examine the frequency and distribution of bacteria isolated from pus/wound, as well as their susceptibility patterns. Materials and Methods: A retrospective hospital-based study was conducted on 175 patients who provided pus and/or wound discharge samples in different wards (outpatient department or inpatient department). The samples were inoculated on MacConkey agar and blood agar plates and incubated at 37°C for 24 h. The Gram stain and biochemical tests were used to identify all isolates after incubation. Antibiotic sensitivity was performed using Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion test. Results: This study covered 175 patients, with a bacterial isolation rate of 102 (58.28%). Males outnumbered females in the samples (M: F-1.8:1), with a median age of 45 years. Majority were in the age group of 40–60 years which was 41 (40.20%). Monomicrobial infections were seen in 92 (90.19%) samples whereas polymicrobial infections in 10 (9.80%) samples and total 112 bacterial strains were isolated. Conclusion: Escherichia coli was the most prevalent isolate in our investigation, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. For Gram-positive cocci, doxycycline, linezolid, and chloramphenicol are the most effective antibiotics, whereas for Gram-negative bacilli, amikacin, gentamicin, and chloramphenicol are the most effective antibiotics. The susceptibility statistics presented in this article may be useful in formulating empiric treatment regimens for pyogenic infections.","PeriodicalId":8296,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47349430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Social epidemiology is a relatively newer field of epidemiology that evaluates the socioeconomic distribution and determinants of health and disease and how those factors affect the health of individuals and populations. The explanation of the causal relationships between socioeconomic circumstances, health status, and consequences is a key challenge in social epidemiology. The current study was conducted to analyze the key substantive areas of focus in epidemiology in the sociobiological context. Data were collected electronically using databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Google Scholar, and three authorized textbooks to conduct relevant searches. Since the beginning of the history of public health, the relationship between socioeconomic class and health has been a significant study area. The impact which social factors have on both individual and population health is the central and initial question that needs to be addressed in social epidemiology. The recent attention given to this issue using modern epidemiological techniques is a relatively new phenomenon. Social epidemiology's primary goal is to produce fundamental knowledge. Social epidemiology must be necessarily multimethod, interdisciplinary, and broad due to its subject of research.
{"title":"Analytical evidence of social epidemiology in sociobiological context – A narrative review","authors":"G. Krishnaprakash, I. Mohammed, Rekha Shenoy","doi":"10.4103/amhs.amhs_66_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amhs.amhs_66_23","url":null,"abstract":"Social epidemiology is a relatively newer field of epidemiology that evaluates the socioeconomic distribution and determinants of health and disease and how those factors affect the health of individuals and populations. The explanation of the causal relationships between socioeconomic circumstances, health status, and consequences is a key challenge in social epidemiology. The current study was conducted to analyze the key substantive areas of focus in epidemiology in the sociobiological context. Data were collected electronically using databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Google Scholar, and three authorized textbooks to conduct relevant searches. Since the beginning of the history of public health, the relationship between socioeconomic class and health has been a significant study area. The impact which social factors have on both individual and population health is the central and initial question that needs to be addressed in social epidemiology. The recent attention given to this issue using modern epidemiological techniques is a relatively new phenomenon. Social epidemiology's primary goal is to produce fundamental knowledge. Social epidemiology must be necessarily multimethod, interdisciplinary, and broad due to its subject of research.","PeriodicalId":8296,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44108227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bilateral primary fallopian tube carcinoma is a very rare case scenario. Approximately, its incidence is 0.02% of all the gynecological malignancy. A 40-year-old female patient visited the hospital with complaints of lower abdominal pain for 3 months. Ultrasound of the pelvis shows complex bilateral adnexal lesions with ORADS score 4 – intermediate risk. The serum CA-125 is elevated. The provisional diagnosis of bilateral pyosalpinx was made. The uterus with bilateral ovaries and fallopian tubes was removed. On histopathology, thus, the final diagnosis of primary bilateral papillary serous carcinoma of the fallopian tube was made. Bilateral primary fallopian tube carcinoma is a very rare case scenario. Intraoperative frozen study is to be done to diagnose this entity. The high degree of suspicion is required to diagnose a case of bilateral fallopian tube carcinoma as it is a very rare case scenario and usually confused for pyosalpinx.
{"title":"Bilateral primary papillary serous carcinoma of the fallopian tube – A rare case scenario","authors":"Satish Arakeri","doi":"10.4103/amhs.amhs_13_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amhs.amhs_13_23","url":null,"abstract":"Bilateral primary fallopian tube carcinoma is a very rare case scenario. Approximately, its incidence is 0.02% of all the gynecological malignancy. A 40-year-old female patient visited the hospital with complaints of lower abdominal pain for 3 months. Ultrasound of the pelvis shows complex bilateral adnexal lesions with ORADS score 4 – intermediate risk. The serum CA-125 is elevated. The provisional diagnosis of bilateral pyosalpinx was made. The uterus with bilateral ovaries and fallopian tubes was removed. On histopathology, thus, the final diagnosis of primary bilateral papillary serous carcinoma of the fallopian tube was made. Bilateral primary fallopian tube carcinoma is a very rare case scenario. Intraoperative frozen study is to be done to diagnose this entity. The high degree of suspicion is required to diagnose a case of bilateral fallopian tube carcinoma as it is a very rare case scenario and usually confused for pyosalpinx.","PeriodicalId":8296,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47218737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shivani Mathur, A. Sultan, Priyanka Aggarwal, T. Nangia, A. Juneja
Background and Aim: A questionnaire-based study was conducted to assess the knowledge, understanding, and perception of dental undergraduate students toward child abuse and neglect in an Indian setup. Materials and Methods: The data were collected through a 38-item questionnaire to investigate the self-reported knowledge, understanding, and perception in relation to child abuse among 3rd, final-year, and interns among private and government dental colleges in India. There were 1277 responses to the questionnaire. Results: The responses were obtained from all regions of India, including both government and private dental institutes. 10% each of all government and private institutes in India participated in this survey. It was observed that the level of knowledge and awareness of BDS students increased from BDS 3rd year through the final year and internship. The amount of awareness regarding child abuse is better among the interns. Although 50.9% of the respondents were aware of nongovernmental organizations working actively for victims of child abuse and neglect in India. Conclusion: There is a restricted level of knowledge and awareness regarding child abuse and neglect among BDS students, wherein BDS interns were comparatively familiar with the facts. Although the majority of dental students were aware of organizations working for child abuse victims but were still confined to approaching legally and ethically.
{"title":"An assessment of understanding and perspectives of BDS undergraduate students related to child abuse and neglect in an Indian setup: A questionnaire-based study","authors":"Shivani Mathur, A. Sultan, Priyanka Aggarwal, T. Nangia, A. Juneja","doi":"10.4103/amhs.amhs_17_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amhs.amhs_17_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: A questionnaire-based study was conducted to assess the knowledge, understanding, and perception of dental undergraduate students toward child abuse and neglect in an Indian setup. Materials and Methods: The data were collected through a 38-item questionnaire to investigate the self-reported knowledge, understanding, and perception in relation to child abuse among 3rd, final-year, and interns among private and government dental colleges in India. There were 1277 responses to the questionnaire. Results: The responses were obtained from all regions of India, including both government and private dental institutes. 10% each of all government and private institutes in India participated in this survey. It was observed that the level of knowledge and awareness of BDS students increased from BDS 3rd year through the final year and internship. The amount of awareness regarding child abuse is better among the interns. Although 50.9% of the respondents were aware of nongovernmental organizations working actively for victims of child abuse and neglect in India. Conclusion: There is a restricted level of knowledge and awareness regarding child abuse and neglect among BDS students, wherein BDS interns were comparatively familiar with the facts. Although the majority of dental students were aware of organizations working for child abuse victims but were still confined to approaching legally and ethically.","PeriodicalId":8296,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42283342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and Aim: Even though the fallopian tubes are commonly encountered surgical specimens in histopathology, there exists a paucity of data that describe the incidence and types of pathologies that can be encountered in the fallopian tubes. The present study was taken up as a small attempt to bridge this gap and describe the various fallopian tube lesions which can be encountered in routine practice. Materials and Methods: The fallopian tubes that were received, either separately or as a part of other gynecological specimens, during the 5-year study were included. Specimens were routinely fixed, processed and sectioned. The Sectioning and Extensively Examining the Fimbriated End of the fallopian tube protocol for grossing was used in cases associated with malignancies. Results: A total of 5256 fallopian tubes were received from 3258 patients during the study. The age ranged between 12 and 70 years. The most common clinical indication for salpingectomy in the present study was uterus related (51.9%). Of the total 5256 fallopian tubes examined, 29.8% tubes showed some pathology. The most common clinically diagnosed tubal pathology, in the present study, was tubal ectopic gestation. The most common clinically undiagnosed finding was hydrosalpinx. Conclusion: It is essential to extensively gross and microscopically examine all fallopian tube specimens to identify precursor lesions and help in patient workup and treatment.
{"title":"Histopathological gamut of fallopian tube lesions: A 5-year retrospective descriptive study in a tertiary care teaching hospital in South India","authors":"Ramya Katta, Madana Padma, VelpuriSai Abhishek, Bharath Teendra","doi":"10.4103/amhs.amhs_97_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amhs.amhs_97_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Even though the fallopian tubes are commonly encountered surgical specimens in histopathology, there exists a paucity of data that describe the incidence and types of pathologies that can be encountered in the fallopian tubes. The present study was taken up as a small attempt to bridge this gap and describe the various fallopian tube lesions which can be encountered in routine practice. Materials and Methods: The fallopian tubes that were received, either separately or as a part of other gynecological specimens, during the 5-year study were included. Specimens were routinely fixed, processed and sectioned. The Sectioning and Extensively Examining the Fimbriated End of the fallopian tube protocol for grossing was used in cases associated with malignancies. Results: A total of 5256 fallopian tubes were received from 3258 patients during the study. The age ranged between 12 and 70 years. The most common clinical indication for salpingectomy in the present study was uterus related (51.9%). Of the total 5256 fallopian tubes examined, 29.8% tubes showed some pathology. The most common clinically diagnosed tubal pathology, in the present study, was tubal ectopic gestation. The most common clinically undiagnosed finding was hydrosalpinx. Conclusion: It is essential to extensively gross and microscopically examine all fallopian tube specimens to identify precursor lesions and help in patient workup and treatment.","PeriodicalId":8296,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135007242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/amhs.amhs_111_23
NazeemIshrat Siddiqui, Sukhwant Bose
Background and Aim: The rigorous medical curriculum and stressful environment of medical college for the newer entrants make their transition from school to medical college difficult. Their academic performances get affected adversely due to difficulties in conceptual thinking, language, communication, fear of failing, parental and peer pressure, misguided friendships, and difficult interaction with seniors and faculty members. Keeping this in mind the present study is aimed to identify and address students’ difficulties in the medical college, provide remedial support, and record students’ perceptions about the academic support program. Materials and Methods: The newly entered first phase MBBS students were grouped as high achiever (HA) (>50% marks) and low achiever (LA) (<50% marks) based on their marks in internal examinations. They were further divided into small groups and allocated a mentor. Mentor is a senior faculty member who acts as counselor and facilitator to support students for their academic and nonacademic problems. Mean, standard deviation, and percentage were calculated for the marks scored in the internal examinations. Unpaired t-test was applied and learning gain (g) was calculated. Results: The average scores of LA and HA groups in the first internal examination were 23.87% and 53.15% which rose to 48.90% and 68.34%, respectively, in university examinations; learning gains in these groups were 33% and 32%, respectively, indicating a positive impact of the program. Majority of the students were strongly agreed that their academic performances improved, and they developed self-confidence to perform better in the subsequent parts of the curriculum. Conclusions: Academic performance improves when students are provided with a conducive environment along with academic and emotional support and feedback about their learning.
{"title":"Influence of academic support program on the academic performance of low-achiever students of first-phase MBBS","authors":"NazeemIshrat Siddiqui, Sukhwant Bose","doi":"10.4103/amhs.amhs_111_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amhs.amhs_111_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: The rigorous medical curriculum and stressful environment of medical college for the newer entrants make their transition from school to medical college difficult. Their academic performances get affected adversely due to difficulties in conceptual thinking, language, communication, fear of failing, parental and peer pressure, misguided friendships, and difficult interaction with seniors and faculty members. Keeping this in mind the present study is aimed to identify and address students’ difficulties in the medical college, provide remedial support, and record students’ perceptions about the academic support program. Materials and Methods: The newly entered first phase MBBS students were grouped as high achiever (HA) (>50% marks) and low achiever (LA) (<50% marks) based on their marks in internal examinations. They were further divided into small groups and allocated a mentor. Mentor is a senior faculty member who acts as counselor and facilitator to support students for their academic and nonacademic problems. Mean, standard deviation, and percentage were calculated for the marks scored in the internal examinations. Unpaired t-test was applied and learning gain (g) was calculated. Results: The average scores of LA and HA groups in the first internal examination were 23.87% and 53.15% which rose to 48.90% and 68.34%, respectively, in university examinations; learning gains in these groups were 33% and 32%, respectively, indicating a positive impact of the program. Majority of the students were strongly agreed that their academic performances improved, and they developed self-confidence to perform better in the subsequent parts of the curriculum. Conclusions: Academic performance improves when students are provided with a conducive environment along with academic and emotional support and feedback about their learning.","PeriodicalId":8296,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135007697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hemimegalencephaly (HME) is one of the rarest congenital malformations of the brain characterized by abnormal enlargement of a cerebral hemisphere. It can present as an isolated sporadic form or associated with other neurodevelopmental syndromes. The classical clinical manifestation develops in infancy or early childhood and includes intellectual impairment, developmental delay, intractable epilepsy, and motor abnormalities. We report here an atypical case of HME with normal intellectual functions and adult-onset nonrefractory epilepsy demonstrating the wide variation in clinical expressivity of the disease.
{"title":"Hemimegalencephaly with adult-onset seizures and normal intellectual function: A rare case report","authors":"Amit Kumar, Rajesh Chetiwal, Shweta Tanwar","doi":"10.4103/amhs.amhs_47_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amhs.amhs_47_23","url":null,"abstract":"Hemimegalencephaly (HME) is one of the rarest congenital malformations of the brain characterized by abnormal enlargement of a cerebral hemisphere. It can present as an isolated sporadic form or associated with other neurodevelopmental syndromes. The classical clinical manifestation develops in infancy or early childhood and includes intellectual impairment, developmental delay, intractable epilepsy, and motor abnormalities. We report here an atypical case of HME with normal intellectual functions and adult-onset nonrefractory epilepsy demonstrating the wide variation in clinical expressivity of the disease.","PeriodicalId":8296,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135007698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rajani Vallepu, M. Kadapa, Chaithanya Katheragandla, C. Nagaraju
Babies born before 37 weeks of pregnancy are considered preterm. Babies born prematurely are also referred to as “preemies” or “preterms.” India has the world's highest rate of premature births. About 1.5 million babies are born prematurely every year. As they grow up, preemies will encounter a variety of challenges. Many children who die before the age of 15 do so due to complications related to their premature birth. Although researchers have yet to pinpoint what exactly causes premature birth, doctors have shown that maternal health plays a role. Preterm birth can be caused by a variety of circumstances, including those of the mother as well as those of the pregnancy and the fetus. There are special care nurseries and neonatal intensive care units worldwide that provide medical attention to premature infants. The infant is placed in an incubator, and all vital signs are monitored, as well as feeding tubes, blood transfusions, and other forms of resuscitation. Major problems, behavioral changes, and therapies for premature infants were covered in this article. Problems with breathing, heart, brain, digestive tract, eyes, ears, teeth, and blood are among the most common serious consequences. The behavior of premature infants is distinct from that of full-term children. They are unable to effectively interact with others due to a lack of emotional intelligence, social awareness, and communication abilities. Medication given to premature infants has the potential to promote growth and appropriate lung, heart, and circulation development. The administration of these drugs is conditional on the state of the infant.
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