Pub Date : 2023-12-28DOI: 10.24425/afe.2023.146690
M. Mróz, S. Olszewska, P. Rąb
This paper presents the possibility of improving the scratch resistance of the AZ91 magnesium alloy by applying a WCCoCr coating using the Air Plasma Spraying (APS) method. The coating thickness ranged from 140 to 160 m. Microstructural studies of the AZ91 magnesium alloy were performed. The chemical composition of the WCCoCr powder was investigated. The quality of the bond at the substrate–coating interface was assessed and a microanalysis of the chemical composition of the coating was conducted. The scratch resistance of the AZ91 alloy and the WCCoCr coating was determined. The scratch resistance of the WCCoCr powder-based coating is much higher than the AZ91 alloy, as confirmed by scratch geometry measurements. The scratch width in the coating was almost three times smaller compared to the scratch in the substrate. Observations of the substrate–coating interface in the scratch area indicate no discontinuities. The absence of microcracks and delamination at the transition of the scratch from the substrate to the coating indicates good adhesion. On the basis of the study, it was found that there was great potential to use the WCCoCr powder coating to improve the abrasion resistance of castings made from the AZ91 alloy.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Possibility to Improve the Scratch Resistance of the AZ91 Alloy by Applying a Coating","authors":"M. Mróz, S. Olszewska, P. Rąb","doi":"10.24425/afe.2023.146690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/afe.2023.146690","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the possibility of improving the scratch resistance of the AZ91 magnesium alloy by applying a WCCoCr coating using the Air Plasma Spraying (APS) method. The coating thickness ranged from 140 to 160 m. Microstructural studies of the AZ91 magnesium alloy were performed. The chemical composition of the WCCoCr powder was investigated. The quality of the bond at the substrate–coating interface was assessed and a microanalysis of the chemical composition of the coating was conducted. The scratch resistance of the AZ91 alloy and the WCCoCr coating was determined. The scratch resistance of the WCCoCr powder-based coating is much higher than the AZ91 alloy, as confirmed by scratch geometry measurements. The scratch width in the coating was almost three times smaller compared to the scratch in the substrate. Observations of the substrate–coating interface in the scratch area indicate no discontinuities. The absence of microcracks and delamination at the transition of the scratch from the substrate to the coating indicates good adhesion. On the basis of the study, it was found that there was great potential to use the WCCoCr powder coating to improve the abrasion resistance of castings made from the AZ91 alloy.","PeriodicalId":8301,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Foundry Engineering","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139149326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-28DOI: 10.24425/afe.2023.148961
G. Tęcza
Cast martensitic alloy steel is used for the production of parts and components of machines operating under conditions of abrasive wear. One of the most popular grades is cast steel GX70CrMnSiNiMo2 steel, which is used in many industries, but primarily in the mining and material processing sectors for rings and balls operating in the grinding sets of coal mills. To improve the abrasion resistance of cast alloy tool steel, primary titanium carbides were produced in the metallurgical process by increasing the carbon content to 1.78 wt.% and adding 5.00 wt.% of titanium to test castings. After alloy solidification, the result was the formation of a microstructure consisting of a martensitic matrix with areas of residual austenite and primary titanium carbides evenly distributed in this matrix. The measured as-cast hardness of the samples was 660HV and it increased to as much as 800HV after heat treatment. The abrasion resistance of the sample hardened in a 15% polymer solution increased at least three times compared to the reference sample after quenching and
{"title":"Changes in the Microstructure and Abrasion Resistance of Tool Cast Steel after the Formation of Titanium Carbides in the Alloy Matrix","authors":"G. Tęcza","doi":"10.24425/afe.2023.148961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/afe.2023.148961","url":null,"abstract":"Cast martensitic alloy steel is used for the production of parts and components of machines operating under conditions of abrasive wear. One of the most popular grades is cast steel GX70CrMnSiNiMo2 steel, which is used in many industries, but primarily in the mining and material processing sectors for rings and balls operating in the grinding sets of coal mills. To improve the abrasion resistance of cast alloy tool steel, primary titanium carbides were produced in the metallurgical process by increasing the carbon content to 1.78 wt.% and adding 5.00 wt.% of titanium to test castings. After alloy solidification, the result was the formation of a microstructure consisting of a martensitic matrix with areas of residual austenite and primary titanium carbides evenly distributed in this matrix. The measured as-cast hardness of the samples was 660HV and it increased to as much as 800HV after heat treatment. The abrasion resistance of the sample hardened in a 15% polymer solution increased at least three times compared to the reference sample after quenching and","PeriodicalId":8301,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Foundry Engineering","volume":"44 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139149973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-28DOI: 10.24425/afe.2023.148960
K. Braszczyńska-malik
In this paper, an experimental Mg-Al-RE-type magnesium alloy, named AEZ951, is presented. The chemical composition of the investigated alloy was ca. 9 wt% Al, 5 wt% RE (rare earth elements), 0.7 wt% Zn and 3 wt% Mn. The experimental material was gravity cast into a cold steel mould. Microstructure analyses were carried out by light microscopy, along with X-ray phase analysis and scanning electron microscopy with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (SEM + EDX). Detailed investigations disclosed the presence of primary dendrites of an (Mg) solid solution and Al 11 RE 3 , and Al 10 RE 2 Mn 7 intermetallic compounds in the alloy microstructure. The volume fraction of the Al 11 RE 3 phase and + eutectic was also presented. The hardness, impact strength, tensile strength as well as the yield strength of the alloy were examined in tests at room temperature. The examined experimental Mg-Al-RE-type magnesium alloy exhibited higher mechanical properties than the commercial AZ91 alloy (cast in the same conditions).
本文介绍了一种名为 AEZ951 的实验性 Mg-Al-RE 型镁合金。所研究合金的化学成分约为 9 wt% Al、5 wt% RE（稀土元素）、0.7 wt% Zn 和 3 wt% Mn。实验材料被重力浇铸到冷钢模中。通过光学显微镜、X 射线相分析和扫描电子显微镜与能量色散 X 射线光谱仪（SEM + EDX）进行了微观结构分析。详细研究表明，合金微观结构中存在 (Mg) 固溶体的原生枝晶以及 Al 11 RE 3、 和 Al 10 RE 2 Mn 7 金属间化合物。此外，还介绍了 Al 11 RE 3 相和 + 共晶的体积分数。合金的硬度、冲击强度、拉伸强度和屈服强度在室温下的测试中进行了检验。与商用 AZ91 合金（在相同条件下铸造）相比，实验中的 Mg-Al-RE 型镁合金具有更高的机械性能。
{"title":"Microstructure and Properties of Experimental Mg-9Al-5RE-1Zn-Mn Magnesium Alloy","authors":"K. Braszczyńska-malik","doi":"10.24425/afe.2023.148960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/afe.2023.148960","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, an experimental Mg-Al-RE-type magnesium alloy, named AEZ951, is presented. The chemical composition of the investigated alloy was ca. 9 wt% Al, 5 wt% RE (rare earth elements), 0.7 wt% Zn and 3 wt% Mn. The experimental material was gravity cast into a cold steel mould. Microstructure analyses were carried out by light microscopy, along with X-ray phase analysis and scanning electron microscopy with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (SEM + EDX). Detailed investigations disclosed the presence of primary dendrites of an (Mg) solid solution and Al 11 RE 3 , and Al 10 RE 2 Mn 7 intermetallic compounds in the alloy microstructure. The volume fraction of the Al 11 RE 3 phase and + eutectic was also presented. The hardness, impact strength, tensile strength as well as the yield strength of the alloy were examined in tests at room temperature. The examined experimental Mg-Al-RE-type magnesium alloy exhibited higher mechanical properties than the commercial AZ91 alloy (cast in the same conditions).","PeriodicalId":8301,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Foundry Engineering","volume":"276 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139152653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-28DOI: 10.24425/afe.2023.146688
I. Bednarczyk
This paper presents the results of a study to determine the influence of casting parameters (cooling rate in the casting mould, casting temperature) on the primary structure of Mg-4%Li-1%Ca alloy ingots. The macro-and microstructure analysis of the Mg-4%Li-1%Ca alloy was performed using light and electron microscopy techniques. Microhardness measurements were made for the Mg-4%Li-1%Ca alloy and phase identification in the Mg-4%Li-1%Ca alloy was made using X-ray phase analysis
{"title":"The Influence of the Casting Process on Shaping the Primary Structure of Mg-Li Alloys","authors":"I. Bednarczyk","doi":"10.24425/afe.2023.146688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/afe.2023.146688","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the results of a study to determine the influence of casting parameters (cooling rate in the casting mould, casting temperature) on the primary structure of Mg-4%Li-1%Ca alloy ingots. The macro-and microstructure analysis of the Mg-4%Li-1%Ca alloy was performed using light and electron microscopy techniques. Microhardness measurements were made for the Mg-4%Li-1%Ca alloy and phase identification in the Mg-4%Li-1%Ca alloy was made using X-ray phase analysis","PeriodicalId":8301,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Foundry Engineering","volume":"287 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139152747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-28DOI: 10.24425/afe.2023.146689
B. Kalandyk, R. Zapała, I. Sulima, P. Furmańczyk, J. Kasińska
The article presents the results of metallographic and tribological tests on GX120MnCr13 cast steel that was previously subjected to heat treatment (including solution treatment from 1100°C and isothermal holding at 250, 400, and 600°C for 100 hours). The temperatures of the isothermal holding process were selected in order to reflect the possible working conditions of the cast elements that can be made of this cast steel. Wear tests were carried out under dry friction conditions using the ball-on-disc method using a ZrO 2 ball as a counter-sample. The tests were carried out with a load of 5 N. The influence of the long-term isothermal holding process on the microstructure of the tested cast steel was analysed by light and scanning microscopy; however, abrasion marks were also examined using a confocal microscope. Based on the tests conducted, it was found that in the microstructures of the sample after solution treatment and samples that were held in isothermal condition at 250 and 400 C, the grain boundary areas were enriched in Mn and Cr compared to the areas inside the grains. Pearlite appeared in the sample that was heated (or held in isothermal holding) at 600°C; its share reached 41.6%. The presence of pearlite in the austenitic matrix increased the hardness to 351.4 HV 10 . The hardness of the remaining tested samples was within a range of 221.8–229.1 HV 10 . Increasing the hardness of the tested cast steel directly resulted in a reduction in the degree of wear as well as the volume, area, and width of the abrasion marks. A microscopic analysis of the wear marks showed that the dominant process of the abrasive wear of the tested friction pair was the detachment and displacement of the tested material through the indentation as a result of the cyclical impact of the counter-sample.
{"title":"The Influence of Pearlite Present in the Microstructure of GX120MnCr13 Cast Steel on Wear Resistance","authors":"B. Kalandyk, R. Zapała, I. Sulima, P. Furmańczyk, J. Kasińska","doi":"10.24425/afe.2023.146689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/afe.2023.146689","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of metallographic and tribological tests on GX120MnCr13 cast steel that was previously subjected to heat treatment (including solution treatment from 1100°C and isothermal holding at 250, 400, and 600°C for 100 hours). The temperatures of the isothermal holding process were selected in order to reflect the possible working conditions of the cast elements that can be made of this cast steel. Wear tests were carried out under dry friction conditions using the ball-on-disc method using a ZrO 2 ball as a counter-sample. The tests were carried out with a load of 5 N. The influence of the long-term isothermal holding process on the microstructure of the tested cast steel was analysed by light and scanning microscopy; however, abrasion marks were also examined using a confocal microscope. Based on the tests conducted, it was found that in the microstructures of the sample after solution treatment and samples that were held in isothermal condition at 250 and 400 C, the grain boundary areas were enriched in Mn and Cr compared to the areas inside the grains. Pearlite appeared in the sample that was heated (or held in isothermal holding) at 600°C; its share reached 41.6%. The presence of pearlite in the austenitic matrix increased the hardness to 351.4 HV 10 . The hardness of the remaining tested samples was within a range of 221.8–229.1 HV 10 . Increasing the hardness of the tested cast steel directly resulted in a reduction in the degree of wear as well as the volume, area, and width of the abrasion marks. A microscopic analysis of the wear marks showed that the dominant process of the abrasive wear of the tested friction pair was the detachment and displacement of the tested material through the indentation as a result of the cyclical impact of the counter-sample.","PeriodicalId":8301,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Foundry Engineering","volume":"3 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139150695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-22DOI: 10.24425/afe.2023.146687
{"title":"The Effect of Microalloying (Nb, V) and Interstitial (C, N) Elements on Mechanical Properties of Microalloyed Steels","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/afe.2023.146687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/afe.2023.146687","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8301,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Foundry Engineering","volume":"38 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138946842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-22DOI: 10.24425/afe.2023.146685
{"title":"Selective Laser Melting Process Parameter Optimization on Density and Corrosion Resistance of 17-4PH Stainless Steel","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/afe.2023.146685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/afe.2023.146685","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8301,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Foundry Engineering","volume":"10 35","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138943876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-22DOI: 10.24425/afe.2023.146682
{"title":"Forecasting the Natural Frequency of the Brake Disc casting","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/afe.2023.146682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/afe.2023.146682","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8301,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Foundry Engineering","volume":"18 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138944529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-22DOI: 10.24425/afe.2023.146683
{"title":"Kinetics of the Binding Process of Furan Moulding Sands, Under Conditions of Forced Air Flow, Monitored by the Ultrasonic Technique","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/afe.2023.146683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/afe.2023.146683","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8301,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Foundry Engineering","volume":"4 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138945131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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