Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.21608/aps.2020.34690.1036
M. Mitry, Amr M. El-Araby, J. Neyts, S. Kaptein, Rabah A T Serya, N. Samir
Flaviviridae family comprises the flavivirus genotype that represents a significant world health problem as it includes the Yellow fever virus (YFV) and Zika virus (ZIKV) which are responsible for large outbreaks and for which novel therapies are in urgent demand. The benzimidazole scaffold has been widely reported for its antiviral activity, and hence a new series of 1H-benzo[d]imidazole-5-carboxamide derivatives (VIIa-x, VIIIa-h & IXa, b) was designed, synthesized, and biologically evaluated for their antiviral activity. 5 Compounds (VIId, VIIe, VIIh, VIIn and VIIt) showed antiviral activity against YFV in the low micromolar range using the human hepatoma Huh-7 cells and Vero cells. One compound (VIId) exhibited activity on both YFV (EC50=1.7 ± 0.8µM) and ZIKV (EC50=4.5 ± 2.1µM). Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation studies were conducted to understand the SAR of newly synthesized compounds, to explore the potential target of compound VIId and to investigate the possible binding mode to its target.
黄病毒科包括黄病毒基因型，它代表着一个重大的世界卫生问题，因为它包括黄热病病毒(YFV)和寨卡病毒(ZIKV)，这两种病毒是造成大规模疫情的原因，迫切需要新的治疗方法。苯并咪唑支架因其抗病毒活性已被广泛报道，因此设计、合成了一系列新的h -苯并[d]咪唑-5-羧基酰胺衍生物(VIIa-x, viia -h和IXa, b)，并对其抗病毒活性进行了生物学评价。5个化合物(VIId, VIIe, vih, VIIn和VIIt)在低微摩尔范围内对人肝癌Huh-7细胞和Vero细胞表现出抗病毒活性。其中一个化合物(VIId)对YFV (EC50=1.7±0.8µM)和ZIKV (EC50=4.5±2.1µM)均有活性。通过分子对接和分子动力学模拟研究，了解新合成化合物的SAR，探索化合物VIId的潜在靶点，并研究其与靶点的可能结合模式。
{"title":"Molecular Dynamic Study and Synthesis of 1H-benzo[d]imidazole-5-carboxamide Derivatives as Inhibitors for Yellow Fever and Zika Virus Replication","authors":"M. Mitry, Amr M. El-Araby, J. Neyts, S. Kaptein, Rabah A T Serya, N. Samir","doi":"10.21608/aps.2020.34690.1036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/aps.2020.34690.1036","url":null,"abstract":"Flaviviridae family comprises the flavivirus genotype that represents a significant world health problem as it includes the Yellow fever virus (YFV) and Zika virus (ZIKV) which are responsible for large outbreaks and for which novel therapies are in urgent demand. The benzimidazole scaffold has been widely reported for its antiviral activity, and hence a new series of 1H-benzo[d]imidazole-5-carboxamide derivatives (VIIa-x, VIIIa-h & IXa, b) was designed, synthesized, and biologically evaluated for their antiviral activity. 5 Compounds (VIId, VIIe, VIIh, VIIn and VIIt) showed antiviral activity against YFV in the low micromolar range using the human hepatoma Huh-7 cells and Vero cells. One compound (VIId) exhibited activity on both YFV (EC50=1.7 ± 0.8µM) and ZIKV (EC50=4.5 ± 2.1µM). Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation studies were conducted to understand the SAR of newly synthesized compounds, to explore the potential target of compound VIId and to investigate the possible binding mode to its target.","PeriodicalId":8314,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Pharmaceutical Sciences Ain Shams University","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87553262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-10DOI: 10.21608/aps.2020.2004.1044
M. Abdelrazek, Ashaimaa Y. Moussa, Mohamed Elshanawany, A. Singab
{"title":"Optimization of Culture Media for Halocnemum strobilaceum Associated Endophytes Bioactivity","authors":"M. Abdelrazek, Ashaimaa Y. Moussa, Mohamed Elshanawany, A. Singab","doi":"10.21608/aps.2020.2004.1044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/aps.2020.2004.1044","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8314,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Pharmaceutical Sciences Ain Shams University","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72919559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.21608/aps.2019.16465.1009
M. Salem, Al-Aliaa M Sallam, E. Amer, H. El-Mesallamy
Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) is considered a serious capillary complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) which leads to end-stage renal disease. Endostatin (EST) is considered as collagen XVIII fragment formed during extracellular matrix remodeling (ECMR). EST acts as an anti-angiogenic factor. Angiopoietin-2 (Ang II) is a growth factor that increases in several conditions, such as hyperglycemia. The present study was to scrutinize the association of EST and Ang II serum levels with nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A total of 30 healthy individuals (control) and 120 T2DM patients classified into 60 patients with microalbuminuria and 60 patients without microalbuminuria), aged 45-65 years were included. Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG), HbA1C%, lipid profile, urinary albumin/creatinine ratio of 30-300 mg/g (UACR), serum urea and creatinine levels were assessed. Both EST and Ang II were measured using the ELISA technique. Ang II and EST levels were elevated in patients with T2DM groups compared with the healthy control group (P<0.001). EST and Ang II were significantly correlated to UACR (r= 0.753, P<0.001) (r= 0.685, P<0.001) and therefore indicate progress to DN. Circulating EST and Ang II were significantly associated with T2DM and predict progression of DN and therefore can be used as biomarkers for the prediction of DN in such a group of patients.
{"title":"The potential use of Endostatin and Angiopoietin-2 as valuable biomarkers for the prediction of Diabetic Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","authors":"M. Salem, Al-Aliaa M Sallam, E. Amer, H. El-Mesallamy","doi":"10.21608/aps.2019.16465.1009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/aps.2019.16465.1009","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) is considered a serious capillary complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) which leads to end-stage renal disease. Endostatin (EST) is considered as collagen XVIII fragment formed during extracellular matrix remodeling (ECMR). EST acts as an anti-angiogenic factor. Angiopoietin-2 (Ang II) is a growth factor that increases in several conditions, such as hyperglycemia. The present study was to scrutinize the association of EST and Ang II serum levels with nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A total of 30 healthy individuals (control) and 120 T2DM patients classified into 60 patients with microalbuminuria and 60 patients without microalbuminuria), aged 45-65 years were included. Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG), HbA1C%, lipid profile, urinary albumin/creatinine ratio of 30-300 mg/g (UACR), serum urea and creatinine levels were assessed. Both EST and Ang II were measured using the ELISA technique. Ang II and EST levels were elevated in patients with T2DM groups compared with the healthy control group (P<0.001). EST and Ang II were significantly correlated to UACR (r= 0.753, P<0.001) (r= 0.685, P<0.001) and therefore indicate progress to DN. Circulating EST and Ang II were significantly associated with T2DM and predict progression of DN and therefore can be used as biomarkers for the prediction of DN in such a group of patients.","PeriodicalId":8314,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Pharmaceutical Sciences Ain Shams University","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83924654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.21608/aps.2019.17201.1012
Safaa A. Faheem, Noha M Saeed, R. N. El-Naga, S. Azab
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a pathological condition characterized by the accumulation of triglycerides (TGs) in the hepatocytes and has usually been associated with hyperlipidemia, obesity, and insulin resistance. Besides, it is a progressive condition that has become one of the most common liver disorder in developed countries and is usually accompanied by increased cardiovascular and land liver disease mortality. NAFLD is a spectrum of liver disorders, progressing from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis which is characterized by inflammation and hepatocellular injury then fibrosis which finally results in cirrhosis and even hepatocellular cancer. However, the molecular mechanism contributing to NAFLD progression is not fully understood. Its pathogenesis has usually been recognized by the "double-insult" hypothesis. the "first insult" includes accumulation of TGs in the hepatocyte, followed by a "second insult" where inflammatory mediators convince hepatocellular injury, inflammation, and fibrosis. In NAFLD, insulin resistance initiates the hepatic steatosis by different mechanisms. Furthermore, it was shown that NAFLD is associated with an inhibition of fatty acid oxidation in the mitochondria and an increase in the release of very-low-density lipoproteins. This review discusses the pathophysiology of NAFLD and the role of insulin resistance, obesity and inflammatory markers in the initiation of NAFLD. in addition to the different Therapeutic approaches for NAFLD.
{"title":"Non alcoholic fatty liver disease: pathogenesis, role of (TNF-α, IL-6) in hepatic inflammation and future potential nutraceutical treatment","authors":"Safaa A. Faheem, Noha M Saeed, R. N. El-Naga, S. Azab","doi":"10.21608/aps.2019.17201.1012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/aps.2019.17201.1012","url":null,"abstract":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a pathological condition characterized by the accumulation of triglycerides (TGs) in the hepatocytes and has usually been associated with hyperlipidemia, obesity, and insulin resistance. Besides, it is a progressive condition that has become one of the most common liver disorder in developed countries and is usually accompanied by increased cardiovascular and land liver disease mortality. NAFLD is a spectrum of liver disorders, progressing from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis which is characterized by inflammation and hepatocellular injury then fibrosis which finally results in cirrhosis and even hepatocellular cancer. However, the molecular mechanism contributing to NAFLD progression is not fully understood. Its pathogenesis has usually been recognized by the \"double-insult\" hypothesis. the \"first insult\" includes accumulation of TGs in the hepatocyte, followed by a \"second insult\" where inflammatory mediators convince hepatocellular injury, inflammation, and fibrosis. In NAFLD, insulin resistance initiates the hepatic steatosis by different mechanisms. Furthermore, it was shown that NAFLD is associated with an inhibition of fatty acid oxidation in the mitochondria and an increase in the release of very-low-density lipoproteins. This review discusses the pathophysiology of NAFLD and the role of insulin resistance, obesity and inflammatory markers in the initiation of NAFLD. in addition to the different Therapeutic approaches for NAFLD.","PeriodicalId":8314,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Pharmaceutical Sciences Ain Shams University","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87237137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.21608/aps.2019.13058.1000
M. Elkhateeb, W. Elkhatib, M. Aboulwafa
Endotoxin is heat-stable lip polysaccharide (LPS) present in the outer membrane of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria. All parenteral preparations, as well as tissue implants, must be with no pyrogenic level of endotoxin or other related materials because of their associated health hazards and serious clinical effects. Accordingly, detection and limiting endotoxin in various pharmaceutical and biological products represent crucial issues. Rabbit pyrogen test (RPT) and Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) test are two methods used for endotoxin detection and quantification. Endotoxin detection is one of the most critical quality control tests required by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for all parenteral drugs in their final stage. Both in vitro LAL test and in vivo RPT can complement and reinforce each other but in certain cases, they are not interchangeable and they together provide a comprehensive picture of any potential contamination whether by endotoxin or any other pyrogenic matters.
{"title":"An expert review on current approaches for endotoxin detection in various biological products","authors":"M. Elkhateeb, W. Elkhatib, M. Aboulwafa","doi":"10.21608/aps.2019.13058.1000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/aps.2019.13058.1000","url":null,"abstract":"Endotoxin is heat-stable lip polysaccharide (LPS) present in the outer membrane of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria. All parenteral preparations, as well as tissue implants, must be with no pyrogenic level of endotoxin or other related materials because of their associated health hazards and serious clinical effects. Accordingly, detection and limiting endotoxin in various pharmaceutical and biological products represent crucial issues. Rabbit pyrogen test (RPT) and Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) test are two methods used for endotoxin detection and quantification. Endotoxin detection is one of the most critical quality control tests required by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for all parenteral drugs in their final stage. Both in vitro LAL test and in vivo RPT can complement and reinforce each other but in certain cases, they are not interchangeable and they together provide a comprehensive picture of any potential contamination whether by endotoxin or any other pyrogenic matters.","PeriodicalId":8314,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Pharmaceutical Sciences Ain Shams University","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88129390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.21608/aps.2019.17921.1015
Amr S. Bishr, K. Aboshanab, M. Yassien, N. Hassouna
Macrolide resistance of staphylococci has risen dramatically in recent years generating a real challenge for their treatment as therapeutic options have become very limited. In this study, an antibiogram analysis of one hundred and fifty Staphylococcus sp. isolates collected from various clinical specimens, against erythromycin, azithromycin, spiramycin, and clindamycin was carried out. Out of the 150 collected Staphylococcus sp. isolates, 54 isolates (36%) showed resistance to two or more of the tested macrolides. Inducible macrolide, lincosamides and streptogramin type B resistance phenotype (iMLS) using D-test was identified in 15 of the resistant isolates (27.8%). Molecular detection of major genes coding for macrolide resistance, including erythromycin ribosomal methylase (ermA and ermC), and macrolide-streptogramin resistance gene (msrA) was carried out using PCR. It was found that 51.8, 37.1 and 11.1% of the resistant isolates carried one, two and three types of the resistance genes, respectively. However, ermC was the most frequently occurring gene (81.5%), followed by the msrA gene (42.6%), then the ermA gene (35.2%). In conclusion, the genotypic analysis revealed that the majority of the tested isolates harbored two or more macrolide resistance-coding genes where 36% displayed resistance to at least two of the most common macrolide antibiotics used in the treatment of such important pathogens particularly in patients exhibiting hypersensitivity to penicillins according to several international guidelines. Therefore, it is crucial to carry out more epidemiologic studies to clearly understand the problem of increasing macrolide resistance among Staphylococci and to implement new guidelines for the treatment of such important pathogens, particularly in Egypt.
{"title":"Macrolide resistance pattern of staphylococci collected from hospitalized patients in Egypt","authors":"Amr S. Bishr, K. Aboshanab, M. Yassien, N. Hassouna","doi":"10.21608/aps.2019.17921.1015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/aps.2019.17921.1015","url":null,"abstract":"Macrolide resistance of staphylococci has risen dramatically in recent years generating a real challenge for their treatment as therapeutic options have become very limited. In this study, an antibiogram analysis of one hundred and fifty Staphylococcus sp. isolates collected from various clinical specimens, against erythromycin, azithromycin, spiramycin, and clindamycin was carried out. Out of the 150 collected Staphylococcus sp. isolates, 54 isolates (36%) showed resistance to two or more of the tested macrolides. Inducible macrolide, lincosamides and streptogramin type B resistance phenotype (iMLS) using D-test was identified in 15 of the resistant isolates (27.8%). Molecular detection of major genes coding for macrolide resistance, including erythromycin ribosomal methylase (ermA and ermC), and macrolide-streptogramin resistance gene (msrA) was carried out using PCR. It was found that 51.8, 37.1 and 11.1% of the resistant isolates carried one, two and three types of the resistance genes, respectively. However, ermC was the most frequently occurring gene (81.5%), followed by the msrA gene (42.6%), then the ermA gene (35.2%). In conclusion, the genotypic analysis revealed that the majority of the tested isolates harbored two or more macrolide resistance-coding genes where 36% displayed resistance to at least two of the most common macrolide antibiotics used in the treatment of such important pathogens particularly in patients exhibiting hypersensitivity to penicillins according to several international guidelines. Therefore, it is crucial to carry out more epidemiologic studies to clearly understand the problem of increasing macrolide resistance among Staphylococci and to implement new guidelines for the treatment of such important pathogens, particularly in Egypt.","PeriodicalId":8314,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Pharmaceutical Sciences Ain Shams University","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90587319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.21608/aps.2019.17343.1013
Fatma Abdel Hakim, Haidy A. Gad, R. Radwan, N. Ayoub, M. El‐Shazly
Polygonaceae is one of the largest medicinal plant families, vastly distributed worldwide, containing around 1,200 species from 48 genera. Most of the species are located in the northern temperate region, while the other species are allocated from the tropics to the arctic. The prime genera in Polygonaceae are Eriogonum which includes 240 species, Rumex with 200 species, Coccoloba with 120 species, Persicaria with 100 species, and Calligonum with 80 species. Coccoloba is one of the most interesting genera of the family Polygonaceae in terms of biological activities and secondary metabolites. Plants of this genus are used worldwide in traditional folk medicine. The review is a comprehensive literature survey on different Coccoloba species regarding their biological activities and their isolated phytochemicals. Different classes of secondary metabolites were isolated from this genus including flavonoids, phenolic acids, tannins, triterpenes, diterpenes, anthraquinones, isochromene, and volatile oils. Crude extracts and isolated compounds of various Coccoloba species displayed diversity in biological activities. Further investigations are required to explore new bioactive compounds and their pharmacological activities.
{"title":"Biological and phytochemical review on the genus Coccoloba (Polygonaceae)","authors":"Fatma Abdel Hakim, Haidy A. Gad, R. Radwan, N. Ayoub, M. El‐Shazly","doi":"10.21608/aps.2019.17343.1013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/aps.2019.17343.1013","url":null,"abstract":"Polygonaceae is one of the largest medicinal plant families, vastly distributed worldwide, containing around 1,200 species from 48 genera. Most of the species are located in the northern temperate region, while the other species are allocated from the tropics to the arctic. The prime genera in Polygonaceae are Eriogonum which includes 240 species, Rumex with 200 species, Coccoloba with 120 species, Persicaria with 100 species, and Calligonum with 80 species. Coccoloba is one of the most interesting genera of the family Polygonaceae in terms of biological activities and secondary metabolites. Plants of this genus are used worldwide in traditional folk medicine. The review is a comprehensive literature survey on different Coccoloba species regarding their biological activities and their isolated phytochemicals. Different classes of secondary metabolites were isolated from this genus including flavonoids, phenolic acids, tannins, triterpenes, diterpenes, anthraquinones, isochromene, and volatile oils. Crude extracts and isolated compounds of various Coccoloba species displayed diversity in biological activities. Further investigations are required to explore new bioactive compounds and their pharmacological activities.","PeriodicalId":8314,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Pharmaceutical Sciences Ain Shams University","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89853030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rowan W. Ahmed, N. Sabri, M. E. Hamamsy, Amr A. Saad
The lack of a universally accepted terminology of what constitutes a Medication Error (ME), makes it difficult to report, detect, categorize and prevent MEs. Methodologically, there isn't a complete picture of the incidence and prevalence of MEs. The broad range of ME rates in literature reflects heterogeneity in the study designs and detection methods used. The current study aimed to detect MEs in reports received from Primary Care Units. A retrospective analysis was applied on such reports dated from March to November 2013 and some fatal cases are taken from 2014. All voluntary reports were included, excluded were errors not associated with drug use and pharmaceutical company reports. Eligible reports underwent assessment using predetermined criteria to pick up MEs. The criteria were applicable on 115 reports, in which MEs were detected. 60% (69/ 115) of ME cases were error cluster while 40% (46/115) were unknown due to either underreporting, lack of data or poor observation and correlation (p< 0.05). Only 7% (8/115) p<0.001 of the reports were pregnancy cases. Moreover, errors associated with vaccine use accounted for 7% (8/115) of the cases while 93% accounted for errors from other drug use at p<0.001. Long-term follow-up was needed but not done by the assessors in 41% (47 of 115) of ME cases at p-value=0.05. Attachments were provided with the reports in 9% (10 /115) of the cases while the majority 91% (105/115) were not (p<0.001). In conclusion, voluntary reporting is a major strategy to prevent MEs by learning from errors reported.
{"title":"Detection of Medication Errors in Primary Care Units through Passive Voluntary Reporting Forms","authors":"Rowan W. Ahmed, N. Sabri, M. E. Hamamsy, Amr A. Saad","doi":"10.21608/aps.2019.45300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/aps.2019.45300","url":null,"abstract":"The lack of a universally accepted terminology of what constitutes a Medication Error (ME), makes it difficult to report, detect, categorize and prevent MEs. Methodologically, there isn't a complete picture of the incidence and prevalence of MEs. The broad range of ME rates in literature reflects heterogeneity in the study designs and detection methods used. The current study aimed to detect MEs in reports received from Primary Care Units. A retrospective analysis was applied on such reports dated from March to November 2013 and some fatal cases are taken from 2014. All voluntary reports were included, excluded were errors not associated with drug use and pharmaceutical company reports. Eligible reports underwent assessment using predetermined criteria to pick up MEs. The criteria were applicable on 115 reports, in which MEs were detected. 60% (69/ 115) of ME cases were error cluster while 40% (46/115) were unknown due to either underreporting, lack of data or poor observation and correlation (p< 0.05). Only 7% (8/115) p<0.001 of the reports were pregnancy cases. Moreover, errors associated with vaccine use accounted for 7% (8/115) of the cases while 93% accounted for errors from other drug use at p<0.001. Long-term follow-up was needed but not done by the assessors in 41% (47 of 115) of ME cases at p-value=0.05. Attachments were provided with the reports in 9% (10 /115) of the cases while the majority 91% (105/115) were not (p<0.001). In conclusion, voluntary reporting is a major strategy to prevent MEs by learning from errors reported.","PeriodicalId":8314,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Pharmaceutical Sciences Ain Shams University","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76716433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.21608/aps.2019.18854.1016
M. Hassanin, M. Tolba, Marianne G. Tadros, M. Elmazar, A. Singab
Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (Huang-Qin or Chinese skullcap) is a native medicinal plant in China that is commonly used for the treatment of seizures, viral infections, and cancer. The numerous pharmacodynamics of this plant is referred to as its rich content of flavones (baicalin and wogonoside) and their corresponding aglycones (baicalein and wogonin). Wogonin is one of the most extensively investigated active components of Scutellaria baicalensis. A multitude of preclinical studies indicated that wogonin possesses many pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, cytotoxic, neuroprotective, antidiabetic and antiviral effects. However, studies regarding the toxicity profile of wogonin are lacking. This review focuses on the recently published data regarding the chemistry and the pharmacokinetic profile of wogonin. Moreover, it highlights some of wogonin's well documented biological activities such as cytotoxic, neuroprotective, antidiabetic and antiviral activities. The information in this review encourages further investigations to elucidate the wogonin's full toxicological profile for verification of the safety of wogonin and the determination of the maximal tolerable dose (MTD) to be able to extrapolate wogonin's benefits to the clinical setting.
{"title":"Wogonin a Promising Component of Scutellaria baicalensis: A Review on its Chemistry, Pharmacokinetics and Biological Activities","authors":"M. Hassanin, M. Tolba, Marianne G. Tadros, M. Elmazar, A. Singab","doi":"10.21608/aps.2019.18854.1016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/aps.2019.18854.1016","url":null,"abstract":"Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (Huang-Qin or Chinese skullcap) is a native medicinal plant in China that is commonly used for the treatment of seizures, viral infections, and cancer. The numerous pharmacodynamics of this plant is referred to as its rich content of flavones (baicalin and wogonoside) and their corresponding aglycones (baicalein and wogonin). Wogonin is one of the most extensively investigated active components of Scutellaria baicalensis. A multitude of preclinical studies indicated that wogonin possesses many pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, cytotoxic, neuroprotective, antidiabetic and antiviral effects. However, studies regarding the toxicity profile of wogonin are lacking. This review focuses on the recently published data regarding the chemistry and the pharmacokinetic profile of wogonin. Moreover, it highlights some of wogonin's well documented biological activities such as cytotoxic, neuroprotective, antidiabetic and antiviral activities. The information in this review encourages further investigations to elucidate the wogonin's full toxicological profile for verification of the safety of wogonin and the determination of the maximal tolerable dose (MTD) to be able to extrapolate wogonin's benefits to the clinical setting.","PeriodicalId":8314,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Pharmaceutical Sciences Ain Shams University","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75677933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.21608/aps.2019.15297.1007
Mai A. Faied, L. E. Wakeel, Amr A. Saad, N. Sabri
Direct Healthcare Professional Communication (DHPC) is essentially distributed for fast communication of new serious drug safety information to healthcare professionals (HCPs). However, the use of this tool concerning the knowledge and preferences of HCPs has never been evaluated in Egypt. This study aimed to evaluate the HCPs' knowledge, preferences, and barriers to the use of DHPC in Egypt. A cross-sectional study of a random sample of 254 HCPs surveyed via face-to-face interviews to assess the Egyptian HCPs' awareness of DHPC, the preferences, and barriers that affect its use. Among the 297 approached HCPs, only 254 accepted to participate with a response rate of 85.5%, including (50% internists, 22.83% cardiologists, 11.02% neurologists, 11.02% pediatricians, and 5.12% from other specialties). Most HCPs were not familiar with DHPC (N= 254, 61.8%). One-third of the visited HCPs who were aware of concerned drugs' risk(s) got their information from DHPC (N= 149, 36.9%). HCPs preference for communication channel was highest for meetings (N= 254, 65.7%) and least for newsletters (N= 254, 28%). HCPs reported barriers to reading DHPC included; busy schedule (N= 254, 47.6%), mistrusted source (N= 254, 24.4%), view as a marketing tool (N= 254, 21.7%), invaluable information (N= 254, 9.8%) and disbelief (N= 254, 7.5%). The DHPC did not reach the target HCPs most of the time, but when received, it was successful in conveying the required message to the target HCPs. Multiple barriers were identified that negatively impacted the success of DHPC. It is recommended to use other electronic communication methods to enhance the reachability of the current method (DHPC).
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