Archives of Medical Research最新文献

{"title":"Multispecies Signatures and Driving Factors of Oral Microbiome Dysbiosis in Pediatric Crohn’s Disease in the United Arab Emirates","authors":"Ghaidaa Mesto ,&nbsp;Eman Al Atrash ,&nbsp;David Rawat ,&nbsp;Hala Elzayat ,&nbsp;Mohamad Miqdady ,&nbsp;Farah Al-Marzooq","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2026.103389","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2026.103389","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Despite the recognized impact of the gut microbiome, research on the oral microbiome is limited, particularly in pediatric patients with Crohn’s disease (CD). This study aims to explore salivary microbiome signatures in pediatric patients with CD from the United Arab Emirates (UAE), compared to healthy controls (HC), by analyzing early-life, lifestyle, and disease-specific factors driving dysbiosis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Salivary samples from 52 pediatric patients with CD and HC (<em>n</em> = 26/group) were subjected to 16S rRNA sequencing using Oxford Nanopore technology. Bioinformatics and biostatistical analyses were employed to compare groups and identify microbiota signatures correlated with clinical data.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Enrichment of several species, including <em>Veillonella parvula, Veillonella dispar</em>, and <em>Prevotella denticola</em>, with depletion of beneficial bacteria was observed in CD. Machine learning-based composite biomarker analysis identified 36 species distinguishing CD from HC, most of which are opportunistic pathogens, raising concerns about their potential impact on vulnerable pediatric patients with CD. Multifactorial analysis revealed significant oral microbiome dysbiosis in patients with CD across all 15 analyzed factors, with unique CD-specific biomarkers. The strongest associations with microbial alterations were demonstrated by disease duration, diet, exercise habits, early antibiotic exposure, and delivery method. Among the 19 species analyzed, <em>Capnocytophaga gingivalis</em> demonstrated multifactorial associations, emerging as an integrative biomarker of disease burden. The α-diversity was significantly lower in patients with CD, with distinctive β-diversity patterns.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This is the first comprehensive multifactorial analysis of the oral microbiome in pediatric patients with CD from the Middle East, employing novel machine learning approaches for composite biomarker discovery. Core dysbiotic species in CD may serve as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers requiring validation in larger-scale studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"57 4","pages":"Article 103389"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146074017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pro-Tumorigenic Roles of Cyclin Dependent Kinase 2 and its Associated Cyclins in Cholangiocarcinoma Progression under High Glucose Condition","authors":"Cheerapinya Taebprakhon ,&nbsp;Supannika Sorin ,&nbsp;Kullanat Khawkhiaw ,&nbsp;Chatchai Phoomak ,&nbsp;Wunchana Seubwai ,&nbsp;Sopit Wongkham ,&nbsp;Charupong Saengboonmee","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2026.103383","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2026.103383","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Previous studies have shown that hyperglycemia upregulates cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) and its cyclin partners, cyclin E and cyclin A, in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). However, the effects of targeting these proteins in a hyperglycemic state are unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of inhibiting CDK2 and its cyclin partners under high-glucose conditions.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>CCA cells were cultured in normal glucose (NG) and high glucose (HG) conditions. Expression of CDK2 and the associated cyclins was analyzed using online public databases and verified by Western blot. Cell proliferation and cytotoxicity were determined using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and sulforhodamine B (SRB) assays. CDK2 activity was inhibited using tagtociclib. Cyclin E and cyclin A expression was suppressed using siRNA. Molecular mechanisms were analyzed using flow cytometry and Western blot.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>CDK2, cyclin E, and cyclin A were upregulated in CCA tissues and cells cultured in the HG condition compared with normal bile ducts. Tagtociclib significantly suppressed CCA cell growth, with HG cells being more sensitive than NG cells. Partial suppression of cyclin E and cyclin A expression minimally affected cell growth but significantly reduced the metastatic phenotypes of CCA cells by suppressing the epithelial-mesenchymal transition.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>CCA cells with upregulated CDK2 and its cyclin partners in HG were more sensitive to tagtociclib at a higher dose. Cyclin E and cyclin A also regulated CCA metastasis by controlling epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Targeting CDK2 and its associated cyclins in CCA cells demonstrated therapeutic potential that requires further translational and clinical verification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"57 3","pages":"Article 103383"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146074004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparability of Interstitial and Capillary Blood Glucose Values: A Cross-Sectional Study of Samples from Patients with Multiple Organ Failure","authors":"Julio Edgardo Gonzalez-Aguirre,&nbsp;Hector Alejandro Medina-Ramirez,&nbsp;Berenice Soto-Moncivais,&nbsp;Sofia Rebeca Sanchez-Ruiz,&nbsp;Carlos Garcia-Arroyo,&nbsp;Juan Francisco Moreno-Hoyos-Abril,&nbsp;Homero Nañez-Terreros","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2026.103382","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2026.103382","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Several studies have evaluated the use of interstitial flash glucose (IFG) monitors in critically ill patients. IFG offers potential advantages over capillary blood glucose (CBG) measurements. This study examined the agreement between IFG and CBG values in patients with multiple organ failure (MOF) who required vasopressors and were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cross-sectional study included 394 pairs of CBG and IFG determinations corresponding to 11 ICU-admitted patients. All patients had MOF and required an IV vasopressor infusion. IFG accuracy against CBG was assessed using the Bland-Altman method and by calculating the median absolute relative difference (MARD). Clinical accuracy was assessed using the Clarke Consensus Error Grid (CEG).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The MARD between IFG and CBG was –4.90 (IQR –18.05 to 9.75) mg/dL. Only 76 (19.3%) glucose pairs had MARD above the recommended value of 14%. A positive cumulative balance and intravenous insulin administration were associated with an increased MARD. Bland-Altman analysis revealed a mean difference of 4.79% (SD = 24.06%, 95% CI 2.34–7.24%), with upper and lower limits of agreement of 51.93% (95% CI 47.0–55.56%) and –42.36% (95% CI –46.7 to –37.9%), respectively. A total of 186 (49.9%) IFG were above the recommended threshold value of 12.5% compared to the CBG reference. Only 246 (62.6%) determinations were in the risk zone of the CEG.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>IFG does not demonstrate analytical or clinical accuracy equivalent to CBG in patients with MOF requiring vasopressor infusion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"57 3","pages":"Article 103382"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146074002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pirfenidone as a Pleiotropic Antifibrotic Agent in Metabolic Steatohepatitis: From Mechanisms to Clinical Evidence","authors":"Mariana M. Ramírez-Mejía ,&nbsp;Guadalupe Ponciano-Rodríguez ,&nbsp;Jorge L. Poo ,&nbsp;Nahum Méndez-Sánchez","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2026.103387","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2026.103387","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is a progressive phenotype of steatotic liver disease that can lead to advanced fibrosis, cirrhosis and liver-related complications. Pirfenidone is a small synthetic molecule that was originally approved for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. It has pleiotropic antifibrotic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties. In preclinical liver models, pirfenidone reduces hepatic stellate cell activation, collagen deposition, oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokine expression, largely through the modulation of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), mitogen-activated protein kinases, and the Nrf2 axis. Early clinical trials, including the large prospective cohort PROMETEO, the randomized controlled trial in compensated cirrhosis ODISEA, and the translational trial in post-sustained viral response fibrosis MINERVA, show improvements in noninvasive fibrosis markers, liver function tests, quality of life, and parallel epigenetic remodeling. These data suggest that pirfenidone acts on central fibrogenic biology and may contribute to histological regression in advanced disease. Larger and longer trials, as well as rational combinations with metabolic agents, are needed to define its therapeutic role in MASH.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"57 4","pages":"Article 103387"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146074019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms of Chemoresistance in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma: The Regulatory Role of miRNAs","authors":"Andrea Martinez-Marroquin ,&nbsp;Javier Gaytán-Cervantes ,&nbsp;Haydeé Rosas-Vargas ,&nbsp;Constantino López-Macías ,&nbsp;Itzel Peralta-Salguero ,&nbsp;Miguel Cid-Soto ,&nbsp;Violeta Castro Leyva ,&nbsp;Marlon De Ita ,&nbsp;Carolina González-Torres","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103326","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103326","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM), is a rare and aggressive cancer that originates in the mesothelium lining the lungs. It is considered an occupational disease associated with exposure to asbestos in the workplace. MPM is often diagnosed in the late stages and has a poor response to treatment. Since the cause of the limited response to therapy in patients with MPM is unknown, it is necessary to establish the mechanisms related to chemoresistance, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), which play a specific role. Several studies have demonstrated that the downregulation of miR-15 and miR-16 in MPM cell lines is associated with chemoresistance, and that their overexpression contributes to sensitizing cells to chemotherapy. In addition, some miRNAs have been shown to be associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in MPM cells. EMT has been linked to the acquisition of a chemoresistant phenotype; moreover, the release of miRNAs into circulating exosomes from patients with MPM could also impact the resistance to conventional treatments. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge on the role of miRNAs in MPM and their relationship with chemoresistance, as well as to establish new knowledge to support the development of improved treatment for patients with MPM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"57 4","pages":"Article 103326"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146074020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Viewpoint: Beyond Glycated Hemoglobin—The Frontier of Novel Biomarkers in Diabetes Care","authors":"Yashendra Sethi ,&nbsp;Inderbir Padda ,&nbsp;Siddharth Gosavi ,&nbsp;Saurabh Singhal ,&nbsp;Arsalan Moinuddin","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103331","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103331","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"57 4","pages":"Article 103331"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146034685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiomyopathy in Northwestern Mexico: Clinical Spectrum, Morphological Variants, and Sarcomere Gene Mutations","authors":"Cyntia Zulema Machain-Leyva ,&nbsp;Cuitláhuac Arroyo-Rodríguez ,&nbsp;Luis Alejandro Padilla-Islas ,&nbsp;Francisco A. Martínez Hernández ,&nbsp;Sergio Ramón Figueroa-Sauceda ,&nbsp;Verónica Zazueta-Armenta","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103362","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103362","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a common genetic heart disease characterized by left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy that cannot be fully explained by abnormal loading conditions.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>To describe the clinical spectrum, morphological variants and sarcomere gene mutations in patients with HCM from northwestern Mexico.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><div>We conducted a prospective, cross-sectional study of patients diagnosed with HCM by echocardiography. Morphological variants were classified as: asymmetric septal, concentric, mid-cavity, lateral, and apical according to the location of the greatest LV thickening. Next-generation sequencing was performed with a predesigned panel of 19 genes associated with HCM<em>.</em></div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 110 patients (47.3% women; median age 58) were enrolled. Apical HCM was the most frequent morphological variant (42%), followed by asymmetric septal HCM (35%). Patients with apical HCM were older than those with other variants (<em>p</em> = 0.002). Patients with asymmetric septal hypertrophy had a higher septal/posterior wall thickness ratio (1.85 ± 0.6, <em>p</em> = 0.0001) and a larger left atrial anteroposterior diameter (48 ± 9, <em>p</em> = 0.0001). LV outflow obstruction, systolic anterior motion, and severe mitral regurgitation were more prevalent in patients with asymmetric septal HCM (<em>p</em> = 0.0001). Patients with concentric HCM had the greatest E/e’ ratio (16.3 ± 8, <em>p</em> = 0.01). Among genotyped patients, 44% had a sarcomeric gene mutation, most commonly MYBPC3 (24%) and MYH7 (7%), with no significant differences across morphological variants.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Apical HCM was the most frequent morphological variant of HCM in the studied population. Consistent with global reports, MYBPC3 and MYH7 were the most commonly identified gene mutations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"57 4","pages":"Article 103362"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146034684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First 1,000 Days of Life Have a Direct Impact on Health: A Mexican Strategy","authors":"Victoria Ramirez ,&nbsp;Itzel Kim ,&nbsp;Regina J. Bautista ,&nbsp;Claudia J. Bautista","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103369","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103369","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chronic non-communicable degenerative diseases are the leading cause of mortality, morbidity, and disability in Mexico and worldwide, negatively impacting national economies by consuming health and social resources. These diseases include hypertension, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases resulting from inadequate dietary conditions and current lifestyles. It is undeniable that nutrition and healthy habits are prerequisites for a healthy life. However, the significance of nutrition and health habits is amplified during the initial 1,000 days of life, when an individual is unable to select their food or environment. This is due to the fact that this is a period of organ and system development, when the body is particularly vulnerable to inadequate nutrition and a toxic environment, especially during pregnancy. The present review has two objectives. First, it aims to describe the importance of maintaining a healthy, balanced diet from conception through the first two years of life. Second, it will explore current Mexican nutritional recommendations, public strategies, and innovations to improve in each stage of development. This review will also help formulate targeted health strategies for this population, fostering the comprehensive approach essential for establishing lifelong healthy habits with long-term benefits for children, adolescents, and adults.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"57 2","pages":"Article 103369"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146013757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decoding the Mutational Hierarchy of Thyroid Cancer and Associated Signaling Pathways","authors":"Disha Nashier ,&nbsp;Gowrang Kasaba Manjunath ,&nbsp;Alisha Parveen ,&nbsp;Sumira Malik ,&nbsp;Tamoghna Mitra ,&nbsp;Chandan Goswami ,&nbsp;Muniasamy Neerathilingam ,&nbsp;Ankit Watts ,&nbsp;Abhishek Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103366","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103366","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most prevalent endocrine malignancy, and its development is influenced by various genomic abnormalities. Activating mutations in oncogenes such as BRAF and RAS significantly contribute to tumorigenesis. Nevertheless, the overall mutational landscape of TC remains unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a systematic analysis of genomic data from 1,629 TC samples across four independent studies (including TCGA and MSKCC) available on the cBioPortal platform. We calculated mutation frequencies for all genes and categorized those exceeding a 3% threshold as high-frequency driver genes (Tier I) and genes with moderate mutation rates (Tier II).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 1,363 genes exhibited mutation frequencies above 3% within the TC cohort. Tier I genes included <em>BRAF</em> (56.9%), <em>NRAS</em> (9.3%), <em>TERT</em> promoter (4.6%), <em>HRAS</em> (3.5%), and <em>TTN</em> (3.2%), with <em>BRAF</em>^V600E. Tier II featured 19 genes, such as <em>TG</em> (2.9%), linked to follicular carcinogenesis, and <em>TP53</em> (2.7%), associated with poorly differentiated subtypes. Pathway analysis revealed enrichment in MAPK/ERK signaling, PI3K-AKT activation, and telomerase maintenance. PPI networks identified lesser-studied interactors involved in DNA repair and cell cycle regulation, suggesting new therapeutic targets. Among the 1,620 patients with TC, females predominated and the peak incidence occurred in middle adulthood. This study illustrates a strong mutual exclusivity between BRAF and RET alterations, with minimal co-occurrence, indicating functional redundancy through shared MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The present study clarifies the mutation hierarchy and cooperative pathways in TC, underscoring the significance of BRAF- and RAS-driven oncogenesis. The discovery of under-explored genes within DNA damage response and cell cycle networks paves the way for targeted therapy development. Furthermore, the high frequency of TERT promoter mutations emphasizes their role in disease progression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"57 4","pages":"Article 103366"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145914092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Symbiotic (L. acidophilus and Agave Inulin) Prevents Cognitive Impairment in High-Fat Diet/STZ Rats","authors":"Alejandra Romo-Araiza ,&nbsp;Luis A. Márquez ,&nbsp;Gabriela Rocha-Botello ,&nbsp;Emilio J. Galván ,&nbsp;Teresa Ponce-Lopez ,&nbsp;Ana María Fernández-Presas ,&nbsp;Ricardo Jasso-Chávez ,&nbsp;Macarena Fuentes-Fernández Cueto ,&nbsp;Diego Bustamante-Laguna ,&nbsp;Andrés Alfaro-González ,&nbsp;Aranza Pérez-Arreola ,&nbsp;Carlos Aguirre-Rivera ,&nbsp;Iván Ignacio Mejía ,&nbsp;Andrea P. Ibarra-Garcia ,&nbsp;Elisa García-Vences ,&nbsp;Roxana Rodriguez-Barrera ,&nbsp;Yolanda Cruz-Martinez ,&nbsp;Exsal Manuel Albores-Méndez ,&nbsp;Marco Antonio Vargas ,&nbsp;Luis Miguel Rodriguez-Serrano ,&nbsp;Antonio Ibarra","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103368","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103368","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Type 2 diabetes has been linked to oxidative stress, inflammation, and an imbalance in the gut microbiota, all of which contribute to neuroinflammation and cognitive decline. Gut microbiota influence inflammation and produce various substances, including butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid that promotes brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which is essential for memory. This study investigated whether prebiotics, probiotics, or a combination of both (symbiotics) could improve memory in diabetic rats.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: control; diabetic and obese (induced by a high-fat diet and streptozotocin); diabetic and obese with prebiotics (inulin); diabetic and obese with probiotics (<em>Lactobacillus acidophilus</em>); and diabetic and obese with symbiotics (inulin + <em>L. acidophilus</em>). Treatments lasted 42 d. Memory performance was evaluated using the Morris water maze (spatial memory) and the Eight-arm radial maze (working memory). After testing, hippocampal tissue was analyzed for inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-10), BDNF, and butyric acid.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Diabetes impaired memory and increased neuroinflammatory markers. All supplemented groups showed improved memory. The symbiotic group exhibited the most pronounced benefits, with higher levels of BDNF, IL-10, and butyric acid, and reduced TNF-α. Electrophysiological recordings revealed that diabetes reduced the firing frequency of CA1 pyramidal cells and decreased the synaptic strength in the hippocampus. Symbiotic supplementation preserved these neuronal and synaptic functions.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Symbiotic treatment effectively countered diabetes-induced cognitive deficits by reducing neuroinflammation, increasing neurotrophic support, and maintaining synaptic plasticity. These results imply that altering the gut microbiota through symbiotic supplementation may be an effective approach to prevent or mitigate diabetes-associated cognitive decline.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"57 4","pages":"Article 103368"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145914145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}