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IF 4.7 3区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL

Archives of Medical Research

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0188-4409(24)00220-0

引用次数: 0

You Are as Old as the Connectivity You Keep: Distinct Neurophysiological Mechanisms Underlying Age-Related Changes in Hand Dexterity and Strength 你有多老，你的连接性就有多老：与年龄相关的手部灵活性和力量变化背后的不同神经生理学机制

IF 4.7 3区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL

Archives of Medical Research

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103031

Emilio Chiappini , Sonia Turrini , Francesca Fiori , Mariagrazia Benassi , Alessia Tessari , Giuseppe di Pellegrino , Alessio Avenanti

Background

Aging can lead to a decline in motor control. While age-related motor impairments have been documented, the underlying changes in cortico-cortical interactions remain poorly understood.

Methods

We took advantage of the high temporal resolution of dual-site transcranial magnetic stimulation (dsTMS) to investigate how communication between higher-order rostral premotor regions and the primary motor cortex (M1) influences motor control in young and elderly adults. We assessed the dynamics of connectivity from the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) or pre-supplementary motor area (preSMA) to M1, by testing how conditioning of the IFG/preSMA affected the amplitude of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) induced by M1 stimulation at different temporal intervals. Moreover, we explored how age-related changes in premotor-M1 interactions relate to motor performance.

Results

Our results show that both young and elderly adults had excitatory IFG-M1 and preSMA-M1 interactions, but the two groups’ timing and strength differed. In young adults, IFG-M1 interactions were early and time-specific (8 ms), whereas in older individuals, they were delayed and more prolonged (12-16 ms). PreSMA-M1 interactions emerged early (6 ms) and peaked at 10-12 ms in young individuals but were attenuated in older individuals. Critically, a connectivity profile of the IFG-M1 circuit like that of the young cohort predicted better dexterity in older individuals, while preserved preSMA-M1 interactions predicted greater strength, suggesting that age-related motor decline is associated with specific changes in premotor-motor networks.

Conclusions

Preserving youthful motor network connectivity in older individuals is related to maintaining motor performance and providing information for interventions targeting aging effects on behavior.

背景：衰老会导致运动控制能力下降。虽然与年龄有关的运动障碍已被记录在案，但人们对皮质与皮质之间相互作用的潜在变化仍然知之甚少：我们利用双点经颅磁刺激（dsTMS）的高时间分辨率，研究了高阶喙突运动前区和初级运动皮层（M1）之间的交流如何影响年轻人和老年人的运动控制。我们评估了从额叶下回（IFG）或辅助运动前区（pre-supplementary motor area，preSMA）到 M1 的连接动态，测试了 IFG/preSMA 的调节如何影响不同时间间隔的 M1 刺激诱发的运动诱发电位（MEPs）的振幅。此外，我们还探讨了运动前-M1相互作用中与年龄相关的变化与运动表现的关系：结果：我们的研究结果表明，年轻人和老年人都有兴奋性 IFG-M1 和 preSMA-M1 相互作用，但两组的时间和强度不同。在年轻人中，IFG-M1 相互作用出现较早且具有时间特异性（8 毫秒），而在老年人中，IFG-M1 相互作用出现较晚且持续时间更长（12-16 毫秒）。前SMA-M1相互作用在年轻人中出现较早（6 毫秒），在 10-12 毫秒时达到峰值，但在老年人中减弱。重要的是，IFG-M1回路的连通性与年轻组群相似，预示着老年人的灵活性更好，而保留前SMA-M1相互作用预示着老年人的力量更大，这表明与年龄相关的运动衰退与运动前网络的特定变化有关：结论：保持老年人年轻时运动网络的连通性与维持运动表现有关，并为针对衰老对行为影响的干预措施提供了信息。

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引用次数: 0

Respiratory pathogen trends in queensland, australia between 2018 and 2021: A statewide cohort study before and after the initial COVID-19 outbreak 2018年至2021年澳大利亚昆士兰州呼吸道病原体趋势：一项全州范围的队列研究，在COVID-19首次爆发前后。

IF 4.7 3区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL

Archives of Medical Research

Pub Date : 2024-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103144

Amy L. Sweeny , John Gerrard , Kylie Alcorn , Gary Grant , Ya-Ling Huang , Benjamin Gerhardy , Gerben Keijzers , COVERED-COVID study research investigators

Background

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and accompanying public health measures disrupted the normal transmission of respiratory viral pathogens. Less is known about the effects on bacterial pathogens.

Aims

To assess the impact of public health restrictions on common respiratory pathogens (influenza viruses, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and the following bacterial pathogens: Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae), Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus).

Methods

This statewide cohort study used respiratory specimen result data from 237 health facilities in Queensland, Australia, collected between January 2018 and June 2021. Trends and weekly positive rates per 100 tests/cultures for weeks 11–27 (with 95% confidence intervals) were compared between pre-pandemic (2018/2019), early pandemic restrictions (2020), and easing of restrictions (2021) periods.

Results

Over 260,000 viral PCRs and 180,000 cultures were analyzed. Decreases in influenza and RSV were observed in 2020 from 10.8 to 1.1 and 9.5 to 2.5 per 100 tests, respectively; S. pneumoniae decreased from 1.7 to 1.1 per 100 cultures. Influenza levels remained low until the end of the study period. There was no change in the detection of S. aureus or P. aeruginosa per 100 cultures, but cultures positive for K. pneumoniae increased from 1.2 in 2018/2019 to 1.8 in 2020 and 1.6 in 2021. After restrictions eased, RSV rates increased to levels higher than before the pandemic.

Conclusions

Transmission of droplet-spread pathogens decreased after the introduction of public health restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The increase in K. pneumoniae, often associated with nosocomial infections, warrants further investigation.

背景：SARS-CoV-2大流行和随之而来的公共卫生措施破坏了呼吸道病毒病原体的正常传播。人们对其对细菌病原体的影响知之甚少。目的：评估公共卫生限制对常见呼吸道病原体(流感病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）和以下细菌病原体：肺炎链球菌（S. pneumoniae）、肺炎克雷伯菌（K. pneumoniae）、铜绿假单胞菌（P. aeruginosa）和金黄色葡萄球菌（S. aureus）的影响。方法：这项全州队列研究使用了2018年1月至2021年6月期间收集的澳大利亚昆士兰州237家卫生机构的呼吸标本结果数据。在大流行前（2018/2019年）、大流行早期限制（2020年）和放松限制（2021年）期间，比较了11-27周（95%置信区间）的趋势和每100次检测/培养的每周阳性率。结果：分析了超过26万个病毒pcr和18万个培养物。到2020年，流感和RSV病例分别从每100次检测10.8例降至1.1例和9.5例降至2.5例；肺炎链球菌从每100个培养1.7个下降到1.1个。直到研究期结束，流感水平仍然很低。每100个培养物中金黄色葡萄球菌或铜绿假单胞菌的检出率没有变化，但肺炎克雷伯菌阳性培养物从2018/2019年的1.2增加到2020年的1.8和2021年的1.6。限制放宽后，呼吸道合胞病毒发病率上升到比大流行前更高的水平。结论：在2019冠状病毒病大流行实施公共卫生限制后，飞沫传播病原体的传播有所下降。肺炎克雷伯菌的增加通常与医院感染有关，值得进一步调查。

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引用次数: 0

Membrane vesicles from lactobacillus acidophilus reduce intestinal inflammation and increase 5-HT in the substantia nigra of rats with parkinson's disease 嗜酸乳杆菌膜泡减轻帕金森病大鼠肠道炎症，增加黑质5-羟色胺。

IF 4.7 3区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL

Archives of Medical Research

Pub Date : 2024-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103143

Khadijeh Sheikh, Javad Arasteh, Maryam Tajabadi Ebrahimi, Ardeshir Hesampour

Background

This study aimed to investigate the role of membrane vesicles (MVs) from the probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus in reducing intestinal inflammation and increasing 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the substantia nigra in the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) rat model of Parkinson's disease (PD).

Methods

Twenty healthy male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 5 per group), including a) control, b) 6-OHDA, c) 6-OHDA+MV, and d) sham groups. PD was induced by bilateral injection of 6-OHDA. Rats in the 6-OHDA+MV group received MV equivalent to 1 × 10⁷ colony-forming units (CFU)/mL 3 d/wk by oral gavage for 4 wk. At the end of 4 wk, all rats were sacrificed; the brain and small intestine were removed for cellular and molecular analysis.

Results

The induction of PD by 6-OHDA induced a remarkable decrease in beam-walking (p < 0.0001). In addition, the expression of protein and genes (receptor) of 5-HT (r-5-HT1A) decreased, and that of protein and gene (receptor; GABBR1) of GABA increased in the PD group (p < 0.05 compared with the healthy control group), while MV gavage of 6-OHDA-injected rats controlled these factors in the substantia nigra. In the intestinal tissue, the expression of TLR-4 and α-synuclein gene was significantly increased in the 6-OHDA group compared to the control group (p < 0.0001).

Conclusion

MVs might act as potential beneficial tools to reduce intestinal inflammation, control neurological damage associated with PD, and increase 5-HT neurotransmitters. It seems that MVs from L. acidophilus may have therapeutic potential in Parkinson's neurological disorder by controlling the gut-brain axis.

背景：本研究旨在探讨益生菌嗜酸乳杆菌膜囊泡（MVs）在帕金森病（PD）大鼠6-羟多巴胺（6-OHDA）模型中减轻肠道炎症和增加黑质5-羟色胺（5-HT）和酪氨酸羟化酶（TH）的作用。方法：健康雄性Wistar大鼠20只，随机分为a)对照组、b) 6-OHDA组、c) 6-OHDA+MV组、d)假手术组，每组n = 5只。双侧注射6-OHDA诱导PD。6-OHDA+MV组给予相当于1 × 107菌落形成单位(CFU)/mL的MV， 3 d/周灌胃，持续4周。4周结束时，处死所有大鼠；切除脑和小肠进行细胞和分子分析。结果：6-OHDA诱导PD可显著降低束行（p < 0.0001）。5-HT （r-5-HT1A）蛋白和基因（受体）表达降低；PD组GABA的GABBR1含量升高（与健康对照组比较p < 0.05），而注射6-羟色胺的大鼠灌胃MV可控制黑质中这些因子的表达。在肠组织中，6-OHDA组TLR-4和α-synuclein基因的表达较对照组显著升高（p < 0.0001）。结论：MVs可能作为潜在的有益工具，减少肠道炎症，控制PD相关的神经损伤，增加5-HT神经递质。嗜酸乳杆菌的MVs可能通过控制肠-脑轴而具有治疗帕金森神经系统疾病的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

PAM-13 in clinical cancer care: A systematic review PAM-13在临床癌症治疗中的应用：系统综述。

IF 4.7 3区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL

Archives of Medical Research

Pub Date : 2024-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103145

Kenzy Jean Pierre , Elise Verot , Wafa Bouleftour

Background

The Patient Activation Measure-13 (PAM-13) assesses patients’ ability to manage their healthcare. This systematic review aimed to summarize the relationship between the PAM-13 and patient characteristics, as well as program effectiveness.

Methods

A systematic literature search was conducted using the PubMed database and following the PRISMA guidelines. After screening and selection processes, a total of 21 articles were included for analysis.

Results

Half of single cancer type studies have been conducted on breast cancer. In terms of impact on the PAM-13 score, non-digital programs (75%) demonstrated higher efficacy in cancer care compared to digital ones (14.29%). Patient characteristics, including education, fear of recurrence, and time spent with healthcare providers, influenced activation levels.

Conclusion

This systematic review provides insights into the association of PAM-13 with patient characteristics and program effectiveness in clinical cancer care. Future research should validate interventions using PAM-13 and improve digital initiatives to optimize cancer care outcomes.

背景：患者激活测量-13 （PAM-13）评估患者管理其医疗保健的能力。本系统综述旨在总结PAM-13与患者特征以及项目有效性之间的关系。方法：使用PubMed数据库并按照PRISMA指南进行系统的文献检索。经过筛选和选择过程，共纳入21篇文章进行分析。结果：一半的单一癌症类型研究都是针对乳腺癌进行的。在对PAM-13评分的影响方面，非数字化项目（75%）在癌症治疗方面表现出比数字化项目（14.29%）更高的疗效。患者的特征，包括教育程度、对复发的恐惧以及与医疗保健提供者相处的时间，都会影响激活水平。结论：本系统综述提供了PAM-13与患者特征和临床癌症治疗方案有效性之间的关系。未来的研究应该验证使用PAM-13的干预措施，并改进数字计划，以优化癌症治疗结果。

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引用次数: 0

High-Throughput RNA Sequencing of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Reveals Inflammatory State in Women with PCOS 外周血单个核细胞的高通量RNA序列揭示了PCOS女性的炎症状态。

IF 4.7 3区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL

Archives of Medical Research

Pub Date : 2024-12-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103129

Roozbeh Heidarzadehpilehrood , Maryam Pirhoushiaran , Malina Binti Osman , King-Hwa Ling , Habibah Abdul Hamid

Background

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine and reproductive condition affecting women of reproductive age, although its expression profiles and molecular pathways are not fully understood.

Aims

To identify the transcriptome expression profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in women with PCOS and controls. To investigate noninvasive diagnostic biomarkers and potential treatment targets to improve women's fertility.

Methods

RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) was conducted on PBMC samples from six patients with PCOS and six healthy controls. qRT-PCR validation was carried out in 68 subjects. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to assess the combined impact of biomarkers.

Results

A total of 186 differentially expressed genes (DEG) were found between patients and controls (log₂FC >1, p < 0.05). Enrichment analysis revealed cytokine-mediated signaling pathways, cytokine activity, and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. RNA sequencing showed consistency with qRT-PCR. Women with PCOS had significantly higher levels of AQP9 (p < 0.001), PROK2 (p = 0.001), and S100A12 (p < 0.001) expression compared to controls. AQP9 (AUC = 0.77), PROK2 (AUC = 0.71), and S100A12 (AUC = 0.82) adequately discriminated women with PCOS from healthy controls. In addition, multiple logistic regression on biomarkers resulted in a significant diagnostic power with an AUC = 0.89, 95 % CI: 0.81–0.97, p < 0.0001. Further associations were analyzed between relative gene expression and clinical, anthropometric, hormonal, and ultrasonographic data.

Conclusions

Dysregulated RNA expression in PBMCs may contribute to an increased risk of PCOS and serve as a potential diagnostic biomarker. The involvement of inflammatory and cytokine-related pathways supports the notion that PCOS is a chronic inflammatory condition.

背景：多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）是一种影响育龄妇女的内分泌和生殖疾病，尽管其表达谱和分子途径尚不完全清楚。目的：研究PCOS患者及对照组外周血单个核细胞（PBMCs）转录组表达谱。探讨提高妇女生育能力的无创诊断生物标志物和潜在治疗靶点。方法：对6例PCOS患者和6例健康对照者的PBMC样本进行RNA测序（RNA- seq）。对68名受试者进行了qRT-PCR验证。采用多变量逻辑回归来评估生物标志物的综合影响。结果：患者与对照组共发现186个差异表达基因（DEG）（log2FC >1, p < 0.05）。富集分析揭示了细胞因子介导的信号通路、细胞因子活性和细胞因子-细胞因子受体相互作用。RNA测序结果与qRT-PCR一致。与对照组相比，PCOS女性AQP9 （p < 0.001）、PROK2 （p = 0.001）和S100A12 （p < 0.001）表达水平显著升高。AQP9 （AUC = 0.77）、PROK2 （AUC = 0.71）和S100A12 （AUC = 0.82）能充分区分PCOS女性与健康对照。此外，生物标志物的多重逻辑回归结果显示，AUC = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.81-0.97, p < 0.0001，具有显著的诊断能力。进一步分析了相关基因表达与临床、人体测量、激素和超声数据之间的关联。结论：pbmc中RNA表达异常可能增加PCOS的风险，并可作为潜在的诊断生物标志物。炎症和细胞因子相关通路的参与支持多囊卵巢综合征是一种慢性炎症的概念。

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引用次数: 0

Preface Updating reproductive medicine 生殖医学的更新

IF 4.7 3区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL

Archives of Medical Research

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103135

Victor S. Vital-Reyes , J. Ricardo Loret De Mola

引用次数: 0

Artificial intelligence in human reproduction 人类生殖中的人工智能

IF 4.7 3区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL

Archives of Medical Research

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103131

Gerardo Mendizabal-Ruiz , Omar Paredes , Ángel Álvarez , Fátima Acosta-Gómez , Estefanía Hernández-Morales , Josué González-Sandoval , Celina Mendez-Zavala , Ernesto Borrayo , Alejandro Chavez-Badiola

The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in human reproduction is a rapidly evolving field with both exciting possibilities and ethical considerations. This technology has the potential to improve success rates and reduce the emotional and financial burden of infertility. However, it also raises ethical and privacy concerns. This paper presents an overview of the current and potential applications of AI in human reproduction. It explores the use of AI in various aspects of reproductive medicine, including fertility tracking, assisted reproductive technologies, management of pregnancy complications, and laboratory automation. In addition, we discuss the need for robust ethical frameworks and regulations to ensure the responsible and equitable use of AI in reproductive medicine.

人工智能（AI）在人类生殖中的应用是一个快速发展的领域，既有令人兴奋的可能性，也有伦理方面的考虑。这项技术有可能提高成功率，减轻不孕不育带来的情感和经济负担。然而，这也引发了道德和隐私方面的担忧。本文概述了人工智能在人类生殖中的当前和潜在应用。它探讨了人工智能在生殖医学各个方面的应用，包括生育跟踪、辅助生殖技术、妊娠并发症管理和实验室自动化。此外，我们讨论了建立强有力的道德框架和法规的必要性，以确保在生殖医学中负责任和公平地使用人工智能。

引用次数: 0

Study of variations in semen quality in men from 12 geographical locations in Spain 西班牙12个地区男性精液质量差异的研究

IF 4.7 3区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL

Archives of Medical Research

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103140

Rocío Núñez , Andrés Guijarro , Pablo Alberola , Nuria Santamaría , Mireia Poveda , Ada Mora , Marta Masip , Sofía Sánchez , Sara Alonso , Teresa Rubio , Inmaculada Barros , Paloma González , Sonia Gili , I. Santiago Álvarez

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate possible variations in semen quality among patients undergoing fertility evaluation in 12 different geographical locations in Spain.

Methods

The study was conducted in 12 assisted reproduction centers located in different regions of Spain. Semen samples from 2,336 men seeking fertility assessment were analyzed. Seminal parameters—including semen volume, sperm concentration, motility, morphology, vitality, and total motile sperm count (TMS) were compared by geographic location. All parameters were evaluated using standardized methodologies, with interlaboratory quality controls to ensure consistency.

Results

No significant differences in patient age were found between centers (ANOVA, p > 0.05). However, statistically significant variations in semen volume, sperm concentration, total motility, and TMS were observed between the centers (p = 0.020, 0.004, 0.000, and 0.008, respectively). Men from Asturias exhibited the highest values for sperm concentration (mean: 59.8 ± 48.7 × 10⁶ sperm/mL), motility (mean total motility: 54.3 ± 20.7%), and TMS (mean: 101.2 ± 107.5 × 10^6), with statistically significant differences compared to other regions. Patients from Cataluña, Almería, and Málaga followed in these metrics. In contrast, men from Granada presented the lowest sperm concentration and TMS (mean concentration: 43.1 ± 35.8 × 10^6 sperm/mL; mean TMS: 43.1 ± 34.6 × 10^6), followed by individuals from Alicante and Madrid. No significant differences in sperm morphology or vitality were observed between centers.

Conclusion

Since all seminal parameters were assessed using standardized methodologies, the observed differences in semen quality between regions are unlikely to be due to laboratory variability.

目的本研究旨在评估西班牙12个不同地理位置接受生育能力评估的患者精液质量可能存在的差异。方法在西班牙不同地区的12个辅助生殖中心进行研究。研究人员分析了2336名寻求生育能力评估的男性的精液样本。精液参数——包括精液体积、精子浓度、活力、形态、活力和总活动精子数（TMS）——按地理位置进行比较。所有参数均采用标准化方法进行评估，并进行实验室间质量控制以确保一致性。结果各中心患者年龄差异无统计学意义(方差分析，p >；0.05)。然而，各中心在精液体积、精子浓度、总活动力和经颅磁刺激方面的差异有统计学意义（p分别为0.020、0.004、0.000和0.008）。阿斯图里亚斯男性的精子浓度（平均值：59.8±48.7 × 106精子/mL）、活动力（平均总活动力：54.3±20.7%）和TMS（平均值：101.2±107.5 × 10^6）最高，与其他地区相比差异有统计学意义。来自Cataluña、Almería和Málaga的患者遵循了这些指标。相比之下，格拉纳达男性的精子浓度和TMS最低(平均浓度：43.1±35.8 × 10^6个精子/mL；平均TMS: 43.1±34.6 × 10^6)，其次是阿利坎特和马德里。精子形态和活力在两个中心之间没有显著差异。结论由于所有精液参数均采用标准化方法进行评估，因此所观察到的地区间精液质量差异不太可能是由于实验室差异所致。

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引用次数: 0

Clinical and Laboratorial Evaluation of Male Infertility. A Detailed Practical Approach 男性不育症的临床和实验室评价。详细实用的方法。

IF 4.7 3区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL

Archives of Medical Research

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103139

Lucas G. Fraga , João PM. Gismondi , Lucas V. Sanvido , Ana Flávia Q. Lozano , Thiago A. Teixeira , Jorge Hallak

Infertility, defined as the inability to achieve pregnancy after one year of unprotected, frequent sexual intercourse, is a global burden that affects approximately 15% of couples, or 190–230 million people worldwide, who are trying to start a family. The male contributes significantly, directly accounting for 30–35% and up to 52% of total couple infertility, affecting approximately 7–8% of all men. This work aims to present, in a didactic and objective way, a standardization of the initial steps toward a thorough evaluation of subfertile and infertile men. We have focused on the evaluation of initial management, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive evaluation that includes a detailed history, physical examination, and semen analysis as the golden triple helix of basic evaluation of the infertile male. General and genital physical examinations are highly valuable due to the wealth of information they provide, from potential diagnoses to pregnancy prognoses. Comprehensive and quality-controlled semen analysis provides reliable information as a baseline test to evaluate the patency of the reproductive tract and to evaluate basic sperm parameters and fertility potential. However, it is not a fertility determinant and should preferentially be complemented with sperm functional tests. like biomarkers of oxidative stress, sperm immaturity and DNA fragmentation. Most cases of infertility require evaluation by a specialist in andrology, nonetheless the understanding and rationale of the initial assessment of the infertile male can be undertaken by non-specialists, thus improving the care and counseling of couples facing this troubling issue and avoiding unnecessary use of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) since most cases of male infertility can be treated and reversed by medical or surgical interventions, and the fertility status can be restored. The ultimate goal is to achieve natural pregnancy, the use of ART should not be the initial offered resource.

不孕症的定义是在无保护的频繁性交一年后仍无法怀孕，它是一种全球性负担，影响着全世界约15%的夫妇，即1.9亿至2.3亿试图组建家庭的人。男性的贡献很大，直接占夫妇不育总数的30-35%和高达52%，影响了大约7-8%的男性。这项工作的目的是提出，在一个说教和客观的方式，标准化的初步步骤，以全面评估不孕不育的男子。我们着重于初期治疗的评估，强调需要一个全面的评估，包括详细的病史，体格检查，精液分析作为基本评估不育男性的黄金三重螺旋。全身和生殖器体检非常有价值，因为它们提供了从潜在诊断到妊娠预后的丰富信息。全面和质量控制的精液分析提供了可靠的信息，作为评估生殖道通畅和评估精子基本参数和生育潜力的基线测试。然而，这并不是生育的决定因素。大多数不孕症病例需要由男科专家进行评估。但是，可以由非专业人员进行初步评估，从而改善对面临这一令人不安问题的夫妇的护理和咨询，避免不必要地使用辅助生殖技术，因为大多数男性不育病例可以通过医疗或手术干预来治疗，并且可以恢复生育状况。

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引用次数: 0