Pub Date : 2025-10-04DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103305
Jennifer Reséndiz-Vazquez , Víctor Domínguez-Reyes , Eduardo Terán-Paredes , Nicole Madero-Franco , Antonieta Chávez-González , Abraham Majluf-Cruz , José Antonio Alvarado-Moreno
Background
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), also known as COVID-19 disease has the ability to generate sequelae that extend for weeks or months, giving rise to long-term COVID-19 disease. This condition reduces patients’ quality of life and predisposes them to several alterations, including failures in the blood coagulation system. Our laboratory has previously demonstrated abnormalities in endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) of patients recovered from COVID-19.
Objective
To analyze the functional state of ECFCs in patients who experienced venous thromboembolic disease (VTD) or arterial thrombosis (AT) during long COVID-19, or post-COVID condition (PCC).
Methods
We compared 35 samples of peripheral blood (PB) mononuclear cells (MNCs) from patients with a thrombotic event (who had a healthy lifestyle before infection and were vaccinated) with 10 healthy volunteers and 10 samples from patients with a history of recurrent unprovoked VTD (rVTD) after a COVID-19 infection. The samples were cryopreserved in our laboratory and matched by age 25–50 years old and sex. The frequency, morphological characteristics, proliferation and angiogenic ability of ECFCs were evaluated in all samples.
Results
There were no significant differences between male and female patients, and the laboratory data did not indicate risk factors for VTD or AT. The frequency of ECFCs was not different between controls and patients, but a reduced proliferative capacity, a high percentage of senescence and non-angiogenic activity were observed in VTD samples.
Conclusions
Our results demonstrate a strong association between VTD events in patients with PCC who had a healthy lifestyle prior to infection and ECFCs dysfunction.
{"title":"Deep Venous Thrombosis in Patients Recovered from COVID-19: A Long-Term Sequel","authors":"Jennifer Reséndiz-Vazquez , Víctor Domínguez-Reyes , Eduardo Terán-Paredes , Nicole Madero-Franco , Antonieta Chávez-González , Abraham Majluf-Cruz , José Antonio Alvarado-Moreno","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103305","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103305","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), also known as COVID-19 disease has the ability to generate sequelae that extend for weeks or months, giving rise to long-term COVID-19 disease. This condition reduces patients’ quality of life and predisposes them to several alterations, including failures in the blood coagulation system. Our laboratory has previously demonstrated abnormalities in endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) of patients recovered from COVID-19.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To analyze the functional state of ECFCs in patients who experienced venous thromboembolic disease (VTD) or arterial thrombosis (AT) during long COVID-19, or post-COVID condition (PCC).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We compared 35 samples of peripheral blood (PB) mononuclear cells (MNCs) from patients with a thrombotic event (who had a healthy lifestyle before infection and were vaccinated) with 10 healthy volunteers and 10 samples from patients with a history of recurrent unprovoked VTD (rVTD) after a COVID-19 infection. The samples were cryopreserved in our laboratory and matched by age 25–50 years old and sex. The frequency, morphological characteristics, proliferation and angiogenic ability of ECFCs were evaluated in all samples.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There were no significant differences between male and female patients, and the laboratory data did not indicate risk factors for VTD or AT. The frequency of ECFCs was not different between controls and patients, but a reduced proliferative capacity, a high percentage of senescence and non-angiogenic activity were observed in VTD samples.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our results demonstrate a strong association between VTD events in patients with PCC who had a healthy lifestyle prior to infection and ECFCs dysfunction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"57 3","pages":"Article 103305"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145217718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-03DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103325
Iwona Gawron , Justyna Brodowicz , Krzysztof Skotniczny , Robert Jach
Purpose
To investigate whether clinical and biochemical profiles, including inflammatory mediators, differ between hyperandrogenemia and normoandrogenemia in normogonadotropic anovulation, and to analyze the correlations of selected variables with inflammatory activity.
Methods
Clinical parameters, such as quality of life, and biochemical characteristics, including ovarian, metabolic and inflammatory parameters, were prospectively compared across hyperandrogenemia and normoandrogenemia groups of anovulatory women. Their correlations with interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations – potentially involved in ovulatory mechanisms – were assessed.
Results
The study groups did not differ significantly in terms of selected clinical, inflammatory, and metabolic parameters. Biochemically, the hyperandrogenemia group had significantly higher concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, anti-Müllerian hormone, and free triiodothyronine. Testosterone concentration did not exhibit significant correlations with inflammatory indicators. The strongest correlations with IL-6, CRP, and TNF-α concentrations were found for metabolic parameters. Clinical parameters, such as quality of life in “Physical functioning” negatively correlated with IL-6 and CRP, while “Energy/Fatigue” correlated negatively with CRP concentration. Hyperandrogenism indicators, such as the Ferriman-Gallwey score and the free androgen index, positively correlated with IL-6 and CRP concentrations.
Conclusions
Hyperandrogenemia had no effect on clinical, metabolic, or inflammatory parameters. Since no differences in inflammatory parameters were found between hyperandrogenemia and normoandrogenemia, further investigation into the mechanisms of ovulatory defects is warranted. The observed correlations between clinical and metabolic parameters and inflammatory mediators were not driven by hyperandrogenemia. Reducing systemic inflammation and its chronicity is essential to prevent adverse metabolic health outcomes.
{"title":"Hyperandrogenaemia and Systemic Low-Grade Inflammation in Normogonadotropic Anovulation: A Prospective Cohort Study","authors":"Iwona Gawron , Justyna Brodowicz , Krzysztof Skotniczny , Robert Jach","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103325","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103325","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To investigate whether clinical and biochemical profiles, including inflammatory mediators, differ between hyperandrogenemia and normoandrogenemia in normogonadotropic anovulation, and to analyze the correlations of selected variables with inflammatory activity.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Clinical parameters, such as quality of life, and biochemical characteristics, including ovarian, metabolic and inflammatory parameters, were prospectively compared across hyperandrogenemia and normoandrogenemia groups of anovulatory women. Their correlations with interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations – potentially involved in ovulatory mechanisms – were assessed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study groups did not differ significantly in terms of selected clinical, inflammatory, and metabolic parameters. Biochemically, the hyperandrogenemia group had significantly higher concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, anti-Müllerian hormone, and free triiodothyronine. Testosterone concentration did not exhibit significant correlations with inflammatory indicators. The strongest correlations with IL-6, CRP, and TNF-α concentrations were found for metabolic parameters. Clinical parameters, such as quality of life in “Physical functioning” negatively correlated with IL-6 and CRP, while “Energy/Fatigue” correlated negatively with CRP concentration. Hyperandrogenism indicators, such as the Ferriman-Gallwey score and the free androgen index, positively correlated with IL-6 and CRP concentrations.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Hyperandrogenemia had no effect on clinical, metabolic, or inflammatory parameters. Since no differences in inflammatory parameters were found between hyperandrogenemia and normoandrogenemia, further investigation into the mechanisms of ovulatory defects is warranted. The observed correlations between clinical and metabolic parameters and inflammatory mediators were not driven by hyperandrogenemia. Reducing systemic inflammation and its chronicity is essential to prevent adverse metabolic health outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"57 3","pages":"Article 103325"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145217717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-24DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103307
Nina D. Anfinogenova , Vadim A. Stepanov , Alina D. Kuznetsova , Nazary P. Chesalov , Sergey V. Popov , Alexey N. Repin
Purpose
Drugs are considered pharmacogenetic (PGx) when genetic variants impact their efficacy, metabolism, or toxicity due to drug-gene interactions. This study aimed to elucidate PGx drug intake patterns in population samples.
Methods
The Short Message Service (SMS) invitations were sent to randomly selected adult clients of a telecommunication company. A total of 2,149 respondents were enrolled. The online questionnaire included questions on demographic, clinical, pharmacological, behavioral, and other factors. PharmGKB resources were used to identify PGx genes potentially involved in pharmacotherapy outcomes. Proneness to adverse drug reactions (ADRs) was assessed based on the ADR index (ADRi).
Results
Most respondents (68.45%) were taking pharmacotherapy (433 drugs) associated with 839 PGx genes. The top five PGx drugs included bisoprolol, aspirin, losartan, indapamide, and omeprazole. The five most important PGx gene families involved in pharmacotherapy were CYP, UGT, SLC, IL, and HLA. The top five PGx genes were: CYP3A5, ABCB1, CYP2D6, CYP2C9, and ACE. The number of PGx genes per drug ranged from 0 to 138. A high number of PGx genes associated with pharmacotherapy were observed in patients with coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, endocrine diseases, dyssomnia, and rheumatic diseases. PGx burden significantly correlated with health conditions, median ADRi values, health-related behavioral traits, and clinical-pharmacology characteristics (p <0.001).
Conclusion
The high prevalence of PGx drug utilization encourages the implementation of pre-emptive PGx testing. In the meantime, medical history taking, dose adjustment, assessment of drug blood concentrations, and committing to medical minimalism may prevent PGx-triggered ADRs.
{"title":"Pharmacogenetic Drug Administration and Community Health: A Cross-Sectional Telecommunication-Based Study","authors":"Nina D. Anfinogenova , Vadim A. Stepanov , Alina D. Kuznetsova , Nazary P. Chesalov , Sergey V. Popov , Alexey N. Repin","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103307","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103307","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Drugs are considered pharmacogenetic (PGx) when genetic variants impact their efficacy, metabolism, or toxicity due to drug-gene interactions. This study aimed to elucidate PGx drug intake patterns in population samples.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The Short Message Service (SMS) invitations were sent to randomly selected adult clients of a telecommunication company. A total of 2,149 respondents were enrolled. The online questionnaire included questions on demographic, clinical, pharmacological, behavioral, and other factors. PharmGKB resources were used to identify PGx genes potentially involved in pharmacotherapy outcomes. Proneness to adverse drug reactions (ADRs) was assessed based on the ADR index (ADRi).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Most respondents (68.45%) were taking pharmacotherapy (433 drugs) associated with 839 PGx genes. The top five PGx drugs included bisoprolol, aspirin, losartan, indapamide, and omeprazole. The five most important PGx gene families involved in pharmacotherapy were <em>CYP, UGT, SLC, IL,</em> and <em>HLA</em>. The top five PGx genes were: <em>CYP3A5, ABCB1, CYP2D6, CYP2C9,</em> and <em>ACE</em>. The number of PGx genes per drug ranged from 0 to 138. A high number of PGx genes associated with pharmacotherapy were observed in patients with coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, endocrine diseases, dyssomnia, and rheumatic diseases. PGx burden significantly correlated with health conditions, median ADRi values, health-related behavioral traits, and clinical-pharmacology characteristics (<em>p</em> <0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The high prevalence of PGx drug utilization encourages the implementation of pre-emptive PGx testing. In the meantime, medical history taking, dose adjustment, assessment of drug blood concentrations, and committing to medical minimalism may prevent PGx-triggered ADRs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"57 3","pages":"Article 103307"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145119493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-23DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103323
Randriely Merscher Sobreira de Lima , Pauline Maciel August , Ariadni Mesquita Peres , Alessandra Gonçalves Machado , Carine Lampert , Joelma Alves , Thiago Ângelo Smaniotto , Rachel Krolow , Carla Dalmaz , Camila Perelló Ferrúa
Maternal malnutrition, including obesity, can have long-term adverse effects on offspring health, potentially mediated by epigenetic mechanisms such as microRNAs (miRNAs). These miRNAs play a critical role in regulating gene expression and may contribute to the developmental programming of offspring outcomes. This systematic review aimed to explore the association between maternal obesity during pregnancy and miRNA alterations in offspring, focusing on evidence from animal models. A comprehensive search of the Embase, PubMed, and Scopus databases identified 811 articles, 15 of which met the inclusion criteria. Our analysis revealed significant variability in the miRNAs and target tissues studied. Across the reviewed studies, 35 miRNAs were identified as differentially expressed in offspring exposed to maternal high-fat diet during pregnancy. These alterations were predominantly observed in the brain, liver, cardiac tissue, and adipose tissue, affecting processes related to insulin signaling, development and growth, immune response, and lipid metabolism. The observed miRNA alterations support the hypothesis that a maternal high-fat diet may induce a programmed epigenetic signature in offspring.
{"title":"Impact of Maternal Obesity on Offspring microRNA Profiles: A Systematic Review of Experimental Models","authors":"Randriely Merscher Sobreira de Lima , Pauline Maciel August , Ariadni Mesquita Peres , Alessandra Gonçalves Machado , Carine Lampert , Joelma Alves , Thiago Ângelo Smaniotto , Rachel Krolow , Carla Dalmaz , Camila Perelló Ferrúa","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103323","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103323","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Maternal malnutrition, including obesity, can have long-term adverse effects on offspring health, potentially mediated by epigenetic mechanisms such as microRNAs (miRNAs). These miRNAs play a critical role in regulating gene expression and may contribute to the developmental programming of offspring outcomes. This systematic review aimed to explore the association between maternal obesity during pregnancy and miRNA alterations in offspring, focusing on evidence from animal models. A comprehensive search of the Embase, PubMed, and Scopus databases identified 811 articles, 15 of which met the inclusion criteria. Our analysis revealed significant variability in the miRNAs and target tissues studied. Across the reviewed studies, 35 miRNAs were identified as differentially expressed in offspring exposed to maternal high-fat diet during pregnancy. These alterations were predominantly observed in the brain, liver, cardiac tissue, and adipose tissue, affecting processes related to insulin signaling, development and growth, immune response, and lipid metabolism. The observed miRNA alterations support the hypothesis that a maternal high-fat diet may induce a programmed epigenetic signature in offspring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"57 3","pages":"Article 103323"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145119588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-20DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103316
Svetlana V. Doubova , Saúl Eduardo Contreras-Sánchez , Sean P. McClellan , Patricia Piña-Sánchez
Objective
To examine cervical cancer screening (CCS) coverage and follow-up before and after the introduction of the workplace Human Papilloma Virus self-sampling pilot program (HPV-SS-PP) for female factory workers in Ciudad Juárez, Mexico and to compare HPV-SS with conventional cervical cytology screening using the Papanicolaou (Pap) smear method.
Methods
A secondary analysis was conducted using the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS) cancer registry, the HPV-SS-PP registry, and the IMSS affiliation database. The study focused on IMSS-affiliated working women aged 35–64 living in Ciudad Juárez. We examined trends in CCS coverage during the 38 months before and the first 12 months after the HPV-SS-PP. We also examined HPV prevalence and follow-up indicators for HPV-positive women.
Results
The study found that 44.8% of factories and 42.7% of women accepted the HPV-SS-PP program, leading to an initial increase and subsequent slowdown in CCS coverage. The HPV-16/18 genotype prevalence was 5%, and the HPV-pool prevalence was 18.1%. Follow-up for cervical cytology among women testing positive for the HPV-pool was 39.7%. Colposcopy and histopathology follow-up for HPV-16/18 genotypes and HPV-pool were moderate to high (64.8 and 84.7% for colposcopy, 87.8 and 93.2% for histopathology follow-up, respectively).
Conclusion
The HPV-SS-PP requires improvements to increase working women’s participation in CCS and ensure better follow-up of positive HPV results.
目的了解墨西哥Juárez市工厂女工实施工作场所人乳头瘤病毒自采样试点（HPV-SS- pp）前后宫颈癌筛查（CCS）覆盖率和随访情况，并将HPV-SS与传统宫颈细胞学筛查（巴氏涂片法）进行比较。方法采用墨西哥社会医学研究所（IMSS）癌症登记处、HPV-SS-PP登记处和IMSS隶属数据库进行二次分析。这项研究的重点是居住在古巴城Juárez的年龄在35-64岁的imss附属职业女性。我们检查了HPV-SS-PP前38个月和后12个月CCS覆盖率的趋势。我们还检查了HPV阳性妇女的HPV患病率和随访指标。研究发现，44.8%的工厂和42.7%的妇女接受了HPV-SS-PP计划，导致CCS覆盖率最初增加，随后放缓。HPV-16/18基因型患病率为5%，hpv -池患病率为18.1%。宫颈细胞学随访中hpv池检测阳性的女性为39.7%。阴道镜和组织病理学随访中HPV-16/18基因型和HPV-pool的阳性率为中高（阴道镜64.8%和84.7%，组织病理学随访87.8和93.2%）。结论HPV- ss - pp需要改进，以增加职业妇女参与CCS，并确保HPV阳性结果的更好随访。
{"title":"Evaluation of the Pilot Human Papillomavirus Self-Sampling Program in Workplaces in Ciudad Juárez, Mexico","authors":"Svetlana V. Doubova , Saúl Eduardo Contreras-Sánchez , Sean P. McClellan , Patricia Piña-Sánchez","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103316","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103316","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To examine cervical cancer screening (CCS) coverage and follow-up before and after the introduction of the workplace Human Papilloma Virus self-sampling pilot program (HPV-SS-PP) for female factory workers in Ciudad Juárez, Mexico and to compare HPV-SS with conventional cervical cytology screening using the Papanicolaou (Pap) smear method.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A secondary analysis was conducted using the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS) cancer registry, the HPV-SS-PP registry, and the IMSS affiliation database. The study focused on IMSS-affiliated working women aged 35–64 living in Ciudad Juárez. We examined trends in CCS coverage during the 38 months before and the first 12 months after the HPV-SS-PP. We also examined HPV prevalence and follow-up indicators for HPV-positive women.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study found that 44.8% of factories and 42.7% of women accepted the HPV-SS-PP program, leading to an initial increase and subsequent slowdown in CCS coverage. The HPV-16/18 genotype prevalence was 5%, and the HPV-pool prevalence was 18.1%. Follow-up for cervical cytology among women testing positive for the HPV-pool was 39.7%. Colposcopy and histopathology follow-up for HPV-16/18 genotypes and HPV-pool were moderate to high (64.8 and 84.7% for colposcopy, 87.8 and 93.2% for histopathology follow-up, respectively).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The HPV-SS-PP requires improvements to increase working women’s participation in CCS and ensure better follow-up of positive HPV results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"57 3","pages":"Article 103316"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145108116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-18DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103319
Krishna Dipp-Martin , Sandra Karina Santuario-Facio , Rocío Ortiz-Lopez , Rafael Argüello-Astorga , Faviel Francisco González-Galarza
Breast cancer (BC), a complex disease characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of breast cells, poses a major global health challenge. Its increasing prevalence is influenced by a combination of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. While hereditary mutations in high-risk genes contribute to only a small percentage of cases, the majority may be influenced by common genetic variations that collectively determine individual susceptibility. The polygenic risk score (PRS) has emerged as a transformative tool that leverages the cumulative effects of multiple genetic variants to improve risk prediction beyond traditional single-gene models. When integrated with conventional risk factors, such as age, reproductive history, and modifiable lifestyle behaviors, PRS offers a more comprehensive approach to personalized risk assessment. Recent studies highlight its potential to guide targeted screening strategies, early interventions, and precision prevention efforts. This review provides insight into current PRS research and its clinical applications in BC risk stratification. It also explores the promise of PRS in shaping the future of precision oncology.
{"title":"Polygenic Risk Scores for Breast Cancer: Modern Approaches to Risk Prediction and Subtype Identification","authors":"Krishna Dipp-Martin , Sandra Karina Santuario-Facio , Rocío Ortiz-Lopez , Rafael Argüello-Astorga , Faviel Francisco González-Galarza","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103319","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103319","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Breast cancer (BC), a complex disease characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of breast cells, poses a major global health challenge. Its increasing prevalence is influenced by a combination of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. While hereditary mutations in high-risk genes contribute to only a small percentage of cases, the majority may be influenced by common genetic variations that collectively determine individual susceptibility. The polygenic risk score (PRS) has emerged as a transformative tool that leverages the cumulative effects of multiple genetic variants to improve risk prediction beyond traditional single-gene models. When integrated with conventional risk factors, such as age, reproductive history, and modifiable lifestyle behaviors, PRS offers a more comprehensive approach to personalized risk assessment. Recent studies highlight its potential to guide targeted screening strategies, early interventions, and precision prevention efforts. This review provides insight into current PRS research and its clinical applications in BC risk stratification. It also explores the promise of PRS in shaping the future of precision oncology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"57 3","pages":"Article 103319"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145093070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-18DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103327
Yasmine Boumerdassi , Vincent Puy , Solmaz Sarandi , Michael Grynberg , Maeliss Peigne , Christophe Sifer
{"title":"When There is More than Meets the Eye: It is Time to Team up with AI","authors":"Yasmine Boumerdassi , Vincent Puy , Solmaz Sarandi , Michael Grynberg , Maeliss Peigne , Christophe Sifer","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103327","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103327","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"57 3","pages":"Article 103327"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145093016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-18DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103315
Oscar Arias-Carrión , Héctor A. Cabrera-Fuentes
{"title":"Pharmacogenetics, Polypharmacy, and the Future of Safer Prescribing: From Population Insights to Clinical Action","authors":"Oscar Arias-Carrión , Héctor A. Cabrera-Fuentes","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103315","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103315","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"57 3","pages":"Article 103315"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145092858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-18DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103320
Tai Zhang , Beihua Zhang , Xudong Tang
Background
Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) significantly impacts adolescents and young adults (15–49 years), yet there are limited comprehensive analyses of its burden in this age group. This study examines global, regional, and national trends in PUD epidemiology from 1990–2021.
Methods
Using data from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study, we analyzed PUD prevalence, incidence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and mortality across 204 countries, stratified by age, sex, socio-demographic index (SDI), and GBD regions. Trends were quantified using estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC) and joinpoint regression.
Results
From 1990–2021, the global prevalence and incidence rates of PUD declined by 32.9 and 32.3%, respectively. Mortality and DALY rates decreased by 60.6 and 60.0%), respectively. Absolute cases increased by 50% in low SDI regions, while reductions were observed in middle SDI regions. South Asia and Western Sub-Saharan Africa had the highest prevalence rates. Sex disparities were evident, with males aged 45–49 having a prevalence rate that was 1.4-fold higher and a mortality rate that was 2.2-fold higher than females. Socioeconomic development inversely correlated with DALY rates (R = –0.708), but progress slowed after 2015 in high SDI regions.
Conclusions
The rising number of PUD cases in low SDI regions reflects population growth and limited healthcare access. Disparities highlight the need for targeted strategies. The slowed progress in high SDI regions indicates aging and evolving disease patterns. Tailored interventions are key for equitable control.
{"title":"Global Burden of Peptic Ulcer Disease in Adolescents and Young Adults: Trends and Disparities from 1990–2021","authors":"Tai Zhang , Beihua Zhang , Xudong Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103320","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103320","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) significantly impacts adolescents and young adults (15–49 years), yet there are limited comprehensive analyses of its burden in this age group. This study examines global, regional, and national trends in PUD epidemiology from 1990–2021.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Using data from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study, we analyzed PUD prevalence, incidence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and mortality across 204 countries, stratified by age, sex, socio-demographic index (SDI), and GBD regions. Trends were quantified using estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC) and joinpoint regression.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>From 1990–2021, the global prevalence and incidence rates of PUD declined by 32.9 and 32.3%, respectively. Mortality and DALY rates decreased by 60.6 and 60.0%), respectively. Absolute cases increased by 50% in low SDI regions, while reductions were observed in middle SDI regions. South Asia and Western Sub-Saharan Africa had the highest prevalence rates. Sex disparities were evident, with males aged 45–49 having a prevalence rate that was 1.4-fold higher and a mortality rate that was 2.2-fold higher than females. Socioeconomic development inversely correlated with DALY rates (<em>R</em> = –0.708), but progress slowed after 2015 in high SDI regions.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The rising number of PUD cases in low SDI regions reflects population growth and limited healthcare access. Disparities highlight the need for targeted strategies. The slowed progress in high SDI regions indicates aging and evolving disease patterns. Tailored interventions are key for equitable control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"56 8","pages":"Article 103320"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145093046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-18DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103302
Leonor Cuadra-LLopart , Samantha Santana Zorrilla , Daniel Martínez-Laguna , Mercè Giner , Rafael Izquierdo Aviñó , Ma Jose Montoya-Garcia , Diana Ovejero Crespo , Manuel Mesa Ramos , Sonia Castro Oreiro , Laura Fernández Sénder , Leticia Lojo-Oliveira , Carmen Gomez-Vaquero , Christian Alvarado Escobar , Ma Jesús Montesa , Teresa Pareja Sierra , Cristina Campos Fernández , Jose Cancio-Trujillo , Sonia Fuentes , Ma Jose Marassi-Campos , Guillermo Martinez Diaz-Guerra , Jesús Mora-Fernández
Background
Fracture Liaison Services (FLS) are the gold standard for secondary fracture prevention, but their characteristics vary depending on the care model. This study describes the differences between Orthogeriatric (FLS-ORT) and Bone Metabolism (FLS-MET) models in Spain, based on data from the national osteoporotic fracture registry.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective, multicenter cohort study including 8,962 patients aged ≥50 years with fragility fractures from 25 active FLS in Spain (2019–2023). Patients were classified based on the care model: FLS-ORT (n = 3,695) or FLS-MET (n = 5,267). Baseline characteristics, fracture types, treatment initiation, adherence, and 12-month outcomes were compared.
Results
FLS-ORT patients were older (85 vs. 78 years, p <0.001), had more comorbidities, and a higher risk of falls. Hip fractures were predominant in FLS-ORT (75.8%), while vertebral fractures were more frequent in FLS-MET (p <0.001). Time from fracture to FLS assessment was shorter in FLS-ORT (0.1 vs. 1.6 months, p <0.001). At 12 months, fracture recurrence was higher in FLS-ORT (7.7 vs. 5.5 per 100 patient-years), and mortality was significantly greater (p <0.0001). However, osteoporosis treatment initiation (84.6%) and adherence (85.2%) were comparable across models.
Conclusions
FLS are the gold standard for secondary fracture prevention. Both FLS care models (FLS-ORT and FLS-MET) were effective in reducing the risk of new fractures in patients and minimizing the impact on the quality of life of patients who suffer a fragility fracture. Future integration into a unified model assessing all fractures is anticipated.
{"title":"Health Outcomes in Fragility Fractures in the Spanish Registry of Osteoporotic Fractures According to the FLS Care Model","authors":"Leonor Cuadra-LLopart , Samantha Santana Zorrilla , Daniel Martínez-Laguna , Mercè Giner , Rafael Izquierdo Aviñó , Ma Jose Montoya-Garcia , Diana Ovejero Crespo , Manuel Mesa Ramos , Sonia Castro Oreiro , Laura Fernández Sénder , Leticia Lojo-Oliveira , Carmen Gomez-Vaquero , Christian Alvarado Escobar , Ma Jesús Montesa , Teresa Pareja Sierra , Cristina Campos Fernández , Jose Cancio-Trujillo , Sonia Fuentes , Ma Jose Marassi-Campos , Guillermo Martinez Diaz-Guerra , Jesús Mora-Fernández","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103302","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103302","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Fracture Liaison Services (FLS) are the gold standard for secondary fracture prevention, but their characteristics vary depending on the care model. This study describes the differences between Orthogeriatric (FLS-ORT) and Bone Metabolism (FLS-MET) models in Spain, based on data from the national osteoporotic fracture registry.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a retrospective, multicenter cohort study including 8,962 patients aged ≥50 years with fragility fractures from 25 active FLS in Spain (2019–2023). Patients were classified based on the care model: FLS-ORT (<em>n</em> = 3,695) or FLS-MET (<em>n</em> = 5,267). Baseline characteristics, fracture types, treatment initiation, adherence, and 12-month outcomes were compared.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>FLS-ORT patients were older (85 vs. 78 years, <em>p</em> <0.001), had more comorbidities, and a higher risk of falls. Hip fractures were predominant in FLS-ORT (75.8%), while vertebral fractures were more frequent in FLS-MET (<em>p</em> <0.001). Time from fracture to FLS assessment was shorter in FLS-ORT (0.1 vs. 1.6 months, <em>p</em> <0.001). At 12 months, fracture recurrence was higher in FLS-ORT (7.7 vs. 5.5 per 100 patient-years), and mortality was significantly greater (<em>p</em> <0.0001). However, osteoporosis treatment initiation (84.6%) and adherence (85.2%) were comparable across models.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>FLS are the gold standard for secondary fracture prevention. Both FLS care models (FLS-ORT and FLS-MET) were effective in reducing the risk of new fractures in patients and minimizing the impact on the quality of life of patients who suffer a fragility fracture. Future integration into a unified model assessing all fractures is anticipated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"57 3","pages":"Article 103302"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145092885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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