Pub Date : 2025-06-30DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103252
Karla Barrera-Perales , Héctor Pérez-Cano , Sergio Rojas-Juárez , Oscar Morales-López , Alin Somilleda-Ventura , Miguel Angel Cuevas-Budhart , Rogelio Ivan Silva Rueda
Background and Aims
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a significant ocular complication. The insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene has been associated with its development.
Objective
To evaluate the relationship between the ACE gene I/D polymorphism and the presence of DR to identify the highest-risk allele.
Methods
79 patients with diabetic retinopathy and 75 healthy controls were studied. Metabolic and anthropometric measurements were performed, and DNA was extracted to identify the polymorphism using C-reactive protein. Fisher’s exact test was used for comparative analysis of allele and genotypic frequencies.
Results
The I/I genotype was more frequent in patients with DR (43 %) and was associated with a 3.22-fold increased risk of developing the disease (p = 0.0123). The I allele frequency was 67 % in patients and 56 % in controls, though no significant difference was found (p = 0.073).
Conclusions
The higher frequency of the I/I genotype in patients with DR suggests that this genotype may be a risk factor for developing the disease in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Further studies are recommended to confirm these findings.
{"title":"Association Between ACE Gene I/D Polymorphism and Diabetic Retinopathy in Mexican Population","authors":"Karla Barrera-Perales , Héctor Pérez-Cano , Sergio Rojas-Juárez , Oscar Morales-López , Alin Somilleda-Ventura , Miguel Angel Cuevas-Budhart , Rogelio Ivan Silva Rueda","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103252","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103252","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Aims</h3><div>Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a significant ocular complication. The insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene has been associated with its development.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate the relationship between the ACE gene I/D polymorphism and the presence of DR to identify the highest-risk allele.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>79 patients with diabetic retinopathy and 75 healthy controls were studied. Metabolic and anthropometric measurements were performed, and DNA was extracted to identify the polymorphism using C-reactive protein. Fisher’s exact test was used for comparative analysis of allele and genotypic frequencies.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The I/I genotype was more frequent in patients with DR (43 %) and was associated with a 3.22-fold increased risk of developing the disease (<em>p</em> = 0.0123). The I allele frequency was 67 % in patients and 56 % in controls, though no significant difference was found (<em>p</em> = 0.073).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The higher frequency of the I/I genotype in patients with DR suggests that this genotype may be a risk factor for developing the disease in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Further studies are recommended to confirm these findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"56 7","pages":"Article 103252"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144514169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-21DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103260
Marta Lopez-Garcia , Manuel Martinez-Bebia , Alejandro Lopez-Moro , Nuria Gimenez-Blasi , José Antonio Latorre , Miguel Mariscal-Arcas
The increasing prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children has prompted more research on both genetic and environmental risk factors, including endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) such as bisphenol A (BPA) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). This review focuses on studies published between 2013 and December 2023 that explore the potential impact of BPA and PCBs on ADHD. The review draws from databases such as WOS, PubMed, and Scopus. BPA, a chemical commonly used in plastics and resins, has raised concerns due to its potential neurodevelopmental effects, particularly when exposure occurs prenatally. Multiple studies have suggested an association between prenatal BPA exposure and an increased risk of ADHD in offspring, though more research is needed. Similarly, PCBs, which are persistent environmental pollutants primarily found in contaminated food sources, have been linked to cognitive and behavioral issues, including attention deficits and hyperactivity. Both BPA and PCBs have been shown to disrupt neurodevelopment, underscoring the importance of regulating these chemicals to safeguard children’s health. While these findings highlight a potential risk, further studies are required to clarify the underlying mechanisms and the precise role these EDCs play in the development of ADHD and other neurobehavioral disorders.
{"title":"Endocrine Disruptors and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review","authors":"Marta Lopez-Garcia , Manuel Martinez-Bebia , Alejandro Lopez-Moro , Nuria Gimenez-Blasi , José Antonio Latorre , Miguel Mariscal-Arcas","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103260","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103260","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children has prompted more research on both genetic and environmental risk factors, including endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) such as bisphenol A (BPA) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). This review focuses on studies published between 2013 and December 2023 that explore the potential impact of BPA and PCBs on ADHD. The review draws from databases such as WOS, PubMed, and Scopus. BPA, a chemical commonly used in plastics and resins, has raised concerns due to its potential neurodevelopmental effects, particularly when exposure occurs prenatally. Multiple studies have suggested an association between prenatal BPA exposure and an increased risk of ADHD in offspring, though more research is needed. Similarly, PCBs, which are persistent environmental pollutants primarily found in contaminated food sources, have been linked to cognitive and behavioral issues, including attention deficits and hyperactivity. Both BPA and PCBs have been shown to disrupt neurodevelopment, underscoring the importance of regulating these chemicals to safeguard children’s health. While these findings highlight a potential risk, further studies are required to clarify the underlying mechanisms and the precise role these EDCs play in the development of ADHD and other neurobehavioral disorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"56 7","pages":"Article 103260"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144330691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-15DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103251
Pablo Daniel Cruces , Pedro David Arini
Background and Aims
Torsade de Pointes (TdP), a side effect of many marketed drugs, can lead to sudden cardiac death. Regulatory guidelines require quantification of hERG channel block by QT interval prolongation on ECG, although its predictive value remains low. To propose a novel normalization technique for vectorcardiographic loops, enabling improved derivation of conventional and new indices for the robust identification of multiple cardiac ion channel blockades associated with TdP risk.
Methods
A robust method was developed to obtain angular parameters from ECG loops by normalizing for baseline drift using principal component analysis. Linear (via differentiation) and angular (via quaternion algebra) velocities were assessed to identify differential features between multichannel and selective hERG-blocking drugs. Furthermore, bidirectional baseline correction allowed more accurate extraction of ECG wave extrema and peaks, improving the robustness of the QT interval and other temporal measurements. The proposed dynamic biomarkers were evaluated in 22 subjects enrolled in a clinical trial of four known QT-prolonging drugs.
Results
The two high-risk drugs exhibited drug-induced changes (p < 0.0005) in velocity during ventricular repolarization. Strong calcium or sodium blockers reduced the effect on velocity caused by hERG potassium channel block. A tendency to symmetry of angular values was observed with high-risk drugs. The alternative temporal indices showed a high correlation (r > 0.9) with standard indices. Differences emerged between the T-wave end and the angular velocity marker of ventricular repolarization end.
Conclusion
Spatial analysis of cardiac signals and the new dynamic measures could complement current standards and support safer drug development.
背景和AimsTorsade de Pointes （TdP）是许多上市药物的副作用，可导致心源性猝死。调节指南要求通过心电图QT间期延长来量化hERG通道阻滞，尽管其预测价值仍然很低。提出一种新的矢量心动图回路归一化技术，能够改进传统和新指标的推导，以可靠地识别与TdP风险相关的多个心脏离子通道阻塞。方法利用主成分分析对基线漂移进行归一化，建立了一种鲁棒的心电回路角参数获取方法。评估了线性（通过微分）和角速度（通过四元数代数），以确定多通道和选择性heg阻断药物之间的差异特征。此外，双向基线校正可以更准确地提取心电波极值和峰值，提高QT间期和其他时间测量的稳健性。该动态生物标志物在22名受试者中进行了评估，这些受试者参加了四种已知的延长qt药物的临床试验。结果两种高危药物均表现出药物性改变(p <；0.0005)心室复极时的速度。强钙或钠阻滞剂降低了hERG钾通道阻滞对流速的影响。观察到高危药物的角值趋于对称。各备选时间指标均表现出较高的相关性(r >；0.9)，指标标准。t波端与心室复极端角速度标志存在差异。结论心脏信号的空间分析和新的动态测量方法可以补充现行标准，支持更安全的药物开发。
{"title":"Spatial Approach to Cardiac Electrical Dynamics: Evaluation of Surrogate Biomarkers of Differences in Drug-Induced Multichannel Block","authors":"Pablo Daniel Cruces , Pedro David Arini","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103251","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103251","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Aims</h3><div>Torsade de Pointes (TdP), a side effect of many marketed drugs, can lead to sudden cardiac death. Regulatory guidelines require quantification of hERG channel block by QT interval prolongation on ECG, although its predictive value remains low. To propose a novel normalization technique for vectorcardiographic loops, enabling improved derivation of conventional and new indices for the robust identification of multiple cardiac ion channel blockades associated with TdP risk.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A robust method was developed to obtain angular parameters from ECG loops by normalizing for baseline drift using principal component analysis. Linear (via differentiation) and angular (via quaternion algebra) velocities were assessed to identify differential features between multichannel and selective hERG-blocking drugs. Furthermore, bidirectional baseline correction allowed more accurate extraction of ECG wave extrema and peaks, improving the robustness of the QT interval and other temporal measurements. The proposed dynamic biomarkers were evaluated in 22 subjects enrolled in a clinical trial of four known QT-prolonging drugs.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The two high-risk drugs exhibited drug-induced changes (<em>p</em> < 0.0005) in velocity during ventricular repolarization. Strong calcium or sodium blockers reduced the effect on velocity caused by hERG potassium channel block. A tendency to symmetry of angular values was observed with high-risk drugs. The alternative temporal indices showed a high correlation (<em>r</em> > 0.9) with standard indices. Differences emerged between the T-wave end and the angular velocity marker of ventricular repolarization end.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Spatial analysis of cardiac signals and the new dynamic measures could complement current standards and support safer drug development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"56 7","pages":"Article 103251"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144288780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-14DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103256
Luis Zambrano , Constantino González-Salazar
Human health faces significant challenges due to global changes driven by human activities, such as climate change and biodiversity loss. These phenomena can impact the quality of life both independently and together. The United Nations Environmental Program has labeled these changes as a “nature crisis” because they affect various aspects of human life. In this context, health issues can be categorized as direct or indirect effects of the nature crisis. Direct effects: i. Temperature change: Heat waves are rapidly increasing mortality rates. ii. Hydrometeorological hazards: Floods can compromise water quality, creating health risks. iii. Air pollution: Climate change can increase the mobility of pollutants, worsening air quality. Indirect effects: i. Vector-borne diseases: For example, changes in weather patterns can alter the distribution of vectors, such as mosquitoes, affecting disease transmission. ii. Water-borne diseases: Increased incidence of diarrheal diseases can occur as water quality deteriorates. iii. Food-borne diseases: For instance, climate change can increase pathogens in agricultural products, posing health risks. Health impacts vary by regions, and vulnerable populations often have lower adaptive capacities. Health policies must be tailored globally and locally to address these issues, emphasizing protection for the most at-risk groups. Collaboration between the health and environmental sectors is essential to solve these growing problems. However, current adaptation policies are constantly challenged by the nature crisis. Therefore, humanity must intensify its efforts to mitigate climate change and reduce land use changes to preserve biodiversity.
{"title":"Health in the Time of Nature Crisis","authors":"Luis Zambrano , Constantino González-Salazar","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103256","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103256","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Human health faces significant challenges due to global changes driven by human activities, such as climate change and biodiversity loss. These phenomena can impact the quality of life both independently and together. The United Nations Environmental Program has labeled these changes as a “nature crisis” because they affect various aspects of human life. In this context, health issues can be categorized as direct or indirect effects of the nature crisis. Direct effects: i. Temperature change: Heat waves are rapidly increasing mortality rates. ii. Hydrometeorological hazards: Floods can compromise water quality, creating health risks. iii. Air pollution: Climate change can increase the mobility of pollutants, worsening air quality. Indirect effects: i. Vector-borne diseases: For example, changes in weather patterns can alter the distribution of vectors, such as mosquitoes, affecting disease transmission. ii. Water-borne diseases: Increased incidence of diarrheal diseases can occur as water quality deteriorates. iii. Food-borne diseases: For instance, climate change can increase pathogens in agricultural products, posing health risks. Health impacts vary by regions, and vulnerable populations often have lower adaptive capacities. Health policies must be tailored globally and locally to address these issues, emphasizing protection for the most at-risk groups. Collaboration between the health and environmental sectors is essential to solve these growing problems. However, current adaptation policies are constantly challenged by the nature crisis. Therefore, humanity must intensify its efforts to mitigate climate change and reduce land use changes to preserve biodiversity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"56 7","pages":"Article 103256"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144279081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-14DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103243
Mónica Valenzuela , Osvaldo Artaza , Javier Santa Cruz , Marcelo Fagalde , Mónica Espinoza , Sandra Oyarzo , Erich V. De Paula , Rogelio Pizzi
{"title":"Interdisciplinary Vocational Training for Resilient, Integrated, and Person-Centered Health Systems","authors":"Mónica Valenzuela , Osvaldo Artaza , Javier Santa Cruz , Marcelo Fagalde , Mónica Espinoza , Sandra Oyarzo , Erich V. De Paula , Rogelio Pizzi","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103243","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103243","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"56 7","pages":"Article 103243"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144279082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Multiple myeloma is the second most common hematologic cancer and remains incurable. Several prognostic factors have been identified, but many are costly and inaccessible to most hematology centers. To explore the clinical, laboratory, and cytogenetic factors that influence survival in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma.
Methods
The research included 286 patients treated with different regimens: 64.5 % received thalidomide-based combinations, while 35.5 % were treated with proteasome inhibitor combinations.
Results
Stringent complete remission was achieved in 15.5 %, complete remission in 30.5 %, very good partial response in 41 %, and partial response in 5 %. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were lower in patients with high lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), renal disease, t(4;14), RB1 mutation, and in those who did not achieve complete remission or were not treated with transplantation and proteasome inhibitors. Elevated LDH was identified as the most significant independent prognostic factor. A scoring system based on LDH, renal disease, t(4;14), and RB1 mutation was developed and showed differences in PFS and OS based on the score (0,1,2,3, or 4,5 points).
Conclusions
An elevated LDH level was the most significant prognostic factor. A simple scoring system is suggested, especially for patients without access to expensive cytogenetic testing.
{"title":"Increased LDH Remains a Crucial Prognostic Factor in Patients With Multiple Myeloma","authors":"Ramiro Espinoza-Zamora , Nidia Paulina Zapata-Canto , Lizbeth Deyanir Aguilera-Urbina , Judith Cruz-Velazquez , Elba Reyes-Maldonado , Jorge Vela-Ojeda","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103239","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103239","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Aims</h3><div>Multiple myeloma is the second most common hematologic cancer and remains incurable. Several prognostic factors have been identified, but many are costly and inaccessible to most hematology centers. To explore the clinical, laboratory, and cytogenetic factors that influence survival in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The research included 286 patients treated with different regimens: 64.5 % received thalidomide-based combinations, while 35.5 % were treated with proteasome inhibitor combinations.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Stringent complete remission was achieved in 15.5 %, complete remission in 30.5 %, very good partial response in 41 %, and partial response in 5 %. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were lower in patients with high lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), renal disease, <em>t</em>(4;14), RB1 mutation, and in those who did not achieve complete remission or were not treated with transplantation and proteasome inhibitors. Elevated LDH was identified as the most significant independent prognostic factor. A scoring system based on LDH, renal disease, <em>t</em>(4;14), and RB1 mutation was developed and showed differences in PFS and OS based on the score (0,1,2,3, or 4,5 points).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>An elevated LDH level was the most significant prognostic factor. A simple scoring system is suggested, especially for patients without access to expensive cytogenetic testing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"56 6","pages":"Article 103239"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144240190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-07DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103244
Leilei Shen, Xiaodong Sun, Ruixue Zheng, Min Tao, Sheng Chen
Objective
To investigate the mechanistic role of semaphorin 7A (Sema7A) in neonatal parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis (PNAC).
Methods
First, we measured the expression levels of Sema7A and inflammatory factors in both neonates with PNAC and rat models. Then, to investigate the mechanism underlying the regulatory role of Sema7A in hepatic inflammatory injury, we assessed NF-κB pathway activation and monitored inflammatory factor variations following Sema7A/integrin β1 (ITGβ1) inhibition and overexpression in rat models and isolated primary Kupffer cells. Furthermore, liver pathology and cholestatic changes were systematically examined by Sema7A manipulation (inhibition and overexpression) in animal models.
Results
Neonates and rats with PNAC showed increased levels of TNF-α and IL-1β, and decreased levels of IL-4 and IL-10. Accordingly, Sema7A, ITGβ1, and P65/p-P65 mRNA and protein expression were elevated. In vitro, Sema7A overexpression activated the NF-κB pathway, which was reversible by ITGβ1 inhibition; conversely, Sema7A knockdown attenuated NF-κB activation, which was partially reversible by ITGβ1 overexpression. In vivo, Sema7A overexpression worsened liver injury and cholestasis through activation of the NF-κB pathway, while its inhibition ameliorated these effects.
Conclusions
Sema7A activates the NF-κB signaling pathway in an ITGβ1-dependent manner and exacerbates PN-induced liver injury and cholestasis. Targeting Sema7A may provide a therapeutic strategy to alleviate neonatal PNAC.
{"title":"Semaphorin 7A Induces Liver Inflammation and Promotes Parenteral Nutrition-Associated Cholestasis via ITGβ1/NF-κB Pathway","authors":"Leilei Shen, Xiaodong Sun, Ruixue Zheng, Min Tao, Sheng Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103244","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103244","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To investigate the mechanistic role of semaphorin 7A (Sema7A) in neonatal parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis (PNAC).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>First, we measured the expression levels of Sema7A and inflammatory factors in both neonates with PNAC and rat models. Then, to investigate the mechanism underlying the regulatory role of Sema7A in hepatic inflammatory injury, we assessed NF-κB pathway activation and monitored inflammatory factor variations following Sema7A/integrin β1 (ITGβ1) inhibition and overexpression in rat models and isolated primary Kupffer cells. Furthermore, liver pathology and cholestatic changes were systematically examined by Sema7A manipulation (inhibition and overexpression) in animal models.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Neonates and rats with PNAC showed increased levels of TNF-α and IL-1β, and decreased levels of IL-4 and IL-10. Accordingly, Sema7A, ITGβ1, and P65/p-P65 mRNA and protein expression were elevated. In vitro, Sema7A overexpression activated the NF-κB pathway, which was reversible by ITGβ1 inhibition; conversely, Sema7A knockdown attenuated NF-κB activation, which was partially reversible by ITGβ1 overexpression. In vivo, Sema7A overexpression worsened liver injury and cholestasis through activation of the NF-κB pathway, while its inhibition ameliorated these effects.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Sema7A activates the NF-κB signaling pathway in an ITGβ1-dependent manner and exacerbates PN-induced liver injury and cholestasis. Targeting Sema7A may provide a therapeutic strategy to alleviate neonatal PNAC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"56 7","pages":"Article 103244"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144230295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-07DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103242
Die Sang , Shiyu Li , Shanmin Fan , Jintao Zhang , Yanfang Su , Xiaoyan Zhang , Yinfeng Wang , Huachao Feng , Yuzhi Hao , Yujuan Liu , Man Li , Peng Yuan
Objective
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban in preventing catheter-related thrombosis (CRT) in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy with peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC).
Methods
A prospective cohort study enrolled breast cancer patients who underwent PICC placement for chemotherapy at the San Huan Cancer Hospital from November 2021 to August 2023. The treatment group received 10 mg of oral rivaroxaban daily for 2 months along with routine grip strength training, while the control group received grip strength training only. CRT occurrence was confirmed by vascular ultrasound, and group comparisons were made using the χ2 test, with logistic regression analyzing CRT risk factors.
Results
Of 314 patients, 181 received treatment and 133 were in the control group. The treatment group had a significantly lower incidence of CRT (2.2 %, 4/181) compared to the control group (12.0 %, 16/133) (p < 0.001). Univariate analysis showed a higher risk of CRT in patients in the non-prophylaxis group (p = 0.002), patients aged ≥50 years (p = 0.014), and those with prior endocrine therapy (p = 0.030). Multivariate analysis identified rivaroxaban prophylaxis (p = 0.009) and age (p = 0.026) as independent risk factors for thrombosis. The use of rivaroxaban for prophylactic anticoagulation was safe. All CRT-diagnosed patients completed their antitumor therapy without new thrombosis or pulmonary embolism.
Conclusion
Two months of rivaroxaban prophylaxis effectively and safely reduce CRT incidence in breast cancer patients with PICC.
{"title":"Rivaroxaban Prophylaxis in Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter-Related Thrombosis in Breast Cancer Patients","authors":"Die Sang , Shiyu Li , Shanmin Fan , Jintao Zhang , Yanfang Su , Xiaoyan Zhang , Yinfeng Wang , Huachao Feng , Yuzhi Hao , Yujuan Liu , Man Li , Peng Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103242","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103242","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate the efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban in preventing catheter-related thrombosis (CRT) in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy with peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A prospective cohort study enrolled breast cancer patients who underwent PICC placement for chemotherapy at the San Huan Cancer Hospital from November 2021 to August 2023. The treatment group received 10 mg of oral rivaroxaban daily for 2 months along with routine grip strength training, while the control group received grip strength training only. CRT occurrence was confirmed by vascular ultrasound, and group comparisons were made using the χ<sup>2</sup> test, with logistic regression analyzing CRT risk factors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 314 patients, 181 received treatment and 133 were in the control group. The treatment group had a significantly lower incidence of CRT (2.2 %, 4/181) compared to the control group (12.0 %, 16/133) (<em>p</em> < 0.001). Univariate analysis showed a higher risk of CRT in patients in the non-prophylaxis group (<em>p</em> = 0.002), patients aged ≥50 years (<em>p</em> = 0.014), and those with prior endocrine therapy (<em>p</em> = 0.030). Multivariate analysis identified rivaroxaban prophylaxis (<em>p</em> = 0.009) and age (<em>p</em> = 0.026) as independent risk factors for thrombosis. The use of rivaroxaban for prophylactic anticoagulation was safe. All CRT-diagnosed patients completed their antitumor therapy without new thrombosis or pulmonary embolism.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Two months of rivaroxaban prophylaxis effectively and safely reduce CRT incidence in breast cancer patients with PICC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"56 6","pages":"Article 103242"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144230982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-27DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103241
Mauricio Rodríguez-Álvarez , Luis Pablo Cruz-Hervert , María Eugenia Jiménez-Corona , Norma Mongua-Rodríguez , María Dolores Valle Martínez , Benjamín Barajas Sánchez , Javier Romero y Fuentes , Lourdes García-García , Samuel Ponce-de-León-Rosales
Background
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had a profound impact on education in Mexico, with extended school closures and the shift to distance learning. The absence of an initial vaccine and the general need for evidence on prevention measures within university communities prompted this study.
Objective
To assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding COVID-19 and its vaccination in the high school community (HSC) of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) by the third year of the pandemic.
Methods
A cross-sectional, 26-question online survey was conducted among UNAM HSC in September 2022. The data were analyzed using multivariate logistic and linear regression models to identify factors associated with vaccination.
Results
A total of 22,000 surveys were collected, 16,789 of which were eligible for analysis. Among these, 16,361 (97.4 %) respondents were vaccinated. The primary reason for nonvaccination was the inability to access a vaccine (37.2 %). Younger respondents (<18 years) were more likely to be unvaccinated, 10–14 years, (OR: 5.36; 95 % CI: 2.12–13.55; p < 0.001); and 15–18 years, (OR: 2.77; 95 % CI: 1.12–6.82, p = 0.028). Individuals with overweight/obesity (OR: 1.39; 95 % CI 1.05–1.85; p = 0.023); immunosuppression (OR: 2.6; 95 % CI: 1.56–4.33; p < 0.001), and those who considered these conditions as risk factors for COVID-19 were significantly more likely to be unvaccinated. Conversely, those who viewed hypertension as a risk factor OR 0.7 (95 % CI 0.53–0.93)) or who were accustomed to face mask use OR 0.28 (95 % CI 0.22–0.35), p < 0.001) were more likely to be vaccinated.
Conclusions
We found a high acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination at UNAM HSC, which may have contributed to the safer resumption of in-person activities and helped mitigate the impact of subsequent epidemic waves; the reasons for non-vaccination appear addressable through targeted logistical measures and tailored information.
2019年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行对墨西哥的教育产生了深远影响，学校停课时间延长，并转向远程教育。缺乏最初的疫苗和对大学社区预防措施证据的普遍需求促使了这项研究。目的评估墨西哥国立自治大学（UNAM）高中社区（HSC）在大流行第三年时对COVID-19及其疫苗接种的知识、态度和做法。方法于2022年9月对UNAM HSC进行了一项包含26个问题的横断面在线调查。使用多变量逻辑和线性回归模型对数据进行分析，以确定与疫苗接种相关的因素。结果共收集调查问卷2.2万份，其中符合分析条件的调查问卷16789份。其中，16361人（97.4%）接种了疫苗。未接种疫苗的主要原因是无法获得疫苗（37.2%）。较年轻的应答者（18岁）更有可能未接种疫苗，10-14岁，(OR: 5.36；95% ci: 2.12-13.55；p & lt;0.001);15-18岁，(OR: 2.77；95% CI: 1.12-6.82, p = 0.028)。超重/肥胖个体(OR: 1.39；95% ci 1.05-1.85；P = 0.023)；免疫抑制(OR: 2.6；95% ci: 1.56-4.33；p & lt;0.001)，而那些认为这些情况是COVID-19危险因素的人更有可能未接种疫苗。相反，将高血压视为危险因素的患者OR为0.7 (95% CI 0.53-0.93)，或习惯使用口罩的患者OR为0.28 (95% CI 0.22-0.35), p <；0.001)更有可能接种疫苗。结论新冠肺炎疫苗接种的接受度较高，这可能有助于更安全地恢复现场活动，并有助于减轻后续流行浪潮的影响；不接种疫苗的原因似乎可以通过有针对性的后勤措施和量身定制的信息来解决。
{"title":"Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Regarding COVID-19 and Its Vaccination in a High School Population","authors":"Mauricio Rodríguez-Álvarez , Luis Pablo Cruz-Hervert , María Eugenia Jiménez-Corona , Norma Mongua-Rodríguez , María Dolores Valle Martínez , Benjamín Barajas Sánchez , Javier Romero y Fuentes , Lourdes García-García , Samuel Ponce-de-León-Rosales","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103241","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103241","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had a profound impact on education in Mexico, with extended school closures and the shift to distance learning. The absence of an initial vaccine and the general need for evidence on prevention measures within university communities prompted this study.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding COVID-19 and its vaccination in the high school community (HSC) of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) by the third year of the pandemic.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional, 26-question online survey was conducted among UNAM HSC in September 2022. The data were analyzed using multivariate logistic and linear regression models to identify factors associated with vaccination.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 22,000 surveys were collected, 16,789 of which were eligible for analysis. Among these, 16,361 (97.4 %) respondents were vaccinated. The primary reason for nonvaccination was the inability to access a vaccine (37.2 %). Younger respondents (<18 years) were more likely to be unvaccinated, 10–14 years, (OR: 5.36; 95 % CI: 2.12–13.55; <em>p</em> < 0.001); and 15–18 years, (OR: 2.77; 95 % CI: 1.12–6.82, <em>p</em> = 0.028). Individuals with overweight/obesity (OR: 1.39; 95 % CI 1.05–1.85; <em>p</em> = 0.023); immunosuppression (OR: 2.6; 95 % CI: 1.56–4.33; <em>p</em> < 0.001), and those who considered these conditions as risk factors for COVID-19 were significantly more likely to be unvaccinated. Conversely, those who viewed hypertension as a risk factor OR 0.7 (95 % CI 0.53–0.93)) or who were accustomed to face mask use OR 0.28 (95 % CI 0.22–0.35), <em>p</em> < 0.001) were more likely to be vaccinated.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>We found a high acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination at UNAM HSC, which may have contributed to the safer resumption of in-person activities and helped mitigate the impact of subsequent epidemic waves; the reasons for non-vaccination appear addressable through targeted logistical measures and tailored information.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"56 7","pages":"Article 103241"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144154389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-27DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103240
Nahum Méndez-Sánchez , Mariana M Ramírez-Mejía , Ming-Hua Zheng , Carlos Cortez-Hernández , Elianee M Tovar-Bojorquez , Raúl Contreras-Omaña , Juan D Monsiváis-Morales , Jacqueline Córdova-Gallardo , Mauricio Castillo-Barradas , Nubia Guzmán-Rodríguez , María S González-Huezo , Adrian Sandez-Araiza , Eira Cerda-Reyes , Stefanny Cornejo-Hernández , Beatriz Barranco-Fragoso , Ana D Cano-Contreras , José M Remes-Troche , Fatima Higuera-de-la-Tijera , José L Pérez-Hernández , Norberto Chávez-Tapia , Heriberto Rodríguez-Hernández
Background and Aims
Liver cirrhosis is a major public health problem worldwide. In Mexico, the increased prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has contributed to an increase in the prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). This study examines the current etiologies of cirrhosis in Mexico, highlighting regional and demographic differences.
Methods
We conducted a multicenter cross-sectional study of 2182 patients with cirrhosis diagnosed between 2018 and 2024 in 13 tertiary care hospitals in northern, central, and southern Mexico. Demographic data, etiology, and complications were analyzed.
Results
MASLD was the most frequent cause of cirrhosis (42.8 %), followed by alcohol-related liver disease (ALD, 23.8 %) and hepatitis C virus (HCV, 12.2 %). MASLD was more common in older patients and women, while ALD was more frequent in younger patients and men. HCC was observed in 8.9 % of patients, with a higher prevalence in the central region. The most common complications were portal hypertension (59.5 %) and ascites (30.4 %). Regional differences were observed, with a higher prevalence of MASLD in central and southern Mexico, while ALD was more prominent in the northern region.
Conclusion
This cross-sectional study underscores the changing etiologies of liver cirrhosis in Mexico, with MASLD emerging as the leading cause, particularly in older patients and women. Regional differences were evident, with ALD being more frequent in younger patients and in men, especially in the northern region.
{"title":"Changing Landscape of Liver Cirrhosis Etiologies","authors":"Nahum Méndez-Sánchez , Mariana M Ramírez-Mejía , Ming-Hua Zheng , Carlos Cortez-Hernández , Elianee M Tovar-Bojorquez , Raúl Contreras-Omaña , Juan D Monsiváis-Morales , Jacqueline Córdova-Gallardo , Mauricio Castillo-Barradas , Nubia Guzmán-Rodríguez , María S González-Huezo , Adrian Sandez-Araiza , Eira Cerda-Reyes , Stefanny Cornejo-Hernández , Beatriz Barranco-Fragoso , Ana D Cano-Contreras , José M Remes-Troche , Fatima Higuera-de-la-Tijera , José L Pérez-Hernández , Norberto Chávez-Tapia , Heriberto Rodríguez-Hernández","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103240","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103240","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Aims</h3><div>Liver cirrhosis is a major public health problem worldwide. In Mexico, the increased prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has contributed to an increase in the prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). This study examines the current etiologies of cirrhosis in Mexico, highlighting regional and demographic differences.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a multicenter cross-sectional study of 2182 patients with cirrhosis diagnosed between 2018 and 2024 in 13 tertiary care hospitals in northern, central, and southern Mexico. Demographic data, etiology, and complications were analyzed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>MASLD was the most frequent cause of cirrhosis (42.8 %), followed by alcohol-related liver disease (ALD, 23.8 %) and hepatitis C virus (HCV, 12.2 %). MASLD was more common in older patients and women, while ALD was more frequent in younger patients and men. HCC was observed in 8.9 % of patients, with a higher prevalence in the central region. The most common complications were portal hypertension (59.5 %) and ascites (30.4 %). Regional differences were observed, with a higher prevalence of MASLD in central and southern Mexico, while ALD was more prominent in the northern region.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This cross-sectional study underscores the changing etiologies of liver cirrhosis in Mexico, with MASLD emerging as the leading cause, particularly in older patients and women. Regional differences were evident, with ALD being more frequent in younger patients and in men, especially in the northern region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"56 7","pages":"Article 103240"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144154388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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