Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a global health challenge, with a rising rate in line with other metabolic diseases. We aimed to assess the global prevalence of NAFLD in adult and pediatric populations.
Methods
PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases were systematically searched up to May 2023. Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran's Q test and I2 statistics, and random-effects model was used for meta-analysis. Analyses were performed using STATA version 18.
Results
A total of 479 studies with 78,001,755 participants from 38 countries were finally included. The global prevalence of NAFLD was estimated to be 30.2% (95% CI: 28.7–31.7%). Regionally, the prevalence of NAFLD was as follows: Asia 30.9% (95% CI: 29.2–32.6%), Australia 16.1% (95% CI: 9.0–24.8%), Europe 30.2% (95% CI: 25.6–35.0%), North America 29% (95% CI: 25.8–32.3%), and South America 34% (95% CI: 16.9–53.5%). Countries with a higher human development index (HDI) had significantly lower prevalence of NAFLD (coefficient = –0.523, p = 0.005). Globally, the prevalence of NAFLD in men and women was 36.6% (95% CI: 34.7–38.4%) and 25.5% (95% CI: 23.9–27.1%), respectively. The prevalence of NAFLD in adults, adults with obesity, children, and children with obesity was 30.2% (95% CI: 28.8–31.7%), 57.5% (95% CI: 43.6–70.9%), 14.3% (95% CI: 10.3–18.8%), and 38.0% (95% CI: 31.5–44.7%), respectively.
Conclusion
The prevalence of NAFLD is remarkably high, particularly in countries with lower HDI. This substantial prevalence in both adults and children underscores the need for disease management protocols to reduce the burden.
{"title":"Global prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: an updated meta-analysis on 78 million population over 38 countries","authors":"Ehsan Amini-Salehi , Negin Letafatkar , Naeim Norouzi , Farahnaz Joukar , Arman Habibi , Mona Javid , Nazila Sattari , Mehrdad Khorasani , Ali Farahmand , Shervin Tavakoli , Behnaz Masoumzadeh , Elaheh Abbaspour , Sahand Karimzad , Amir Ghadiri , Gautam Maddineni , Mohammad Javad Khosousi , Niloofar Faraji , Mohammad-Hossein Keivanlou , Abinash Mahapatro , Mohamad Amin Khajavi Gaskarei , Sandeep Samethadka Nayak","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103043","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103043","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a global health challenge, with a rising rate in line with other metabolic diseases. We aimed to assess the global prevalence of NAFLD in adult and pediatric populations.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases were systematically searched up to May 2023. Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran's Q test and <em>I</em><sup>2</sup> statistics, and random-effects model was used for meta-analysis. Analyses were performed using STATA version 18.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 479 studies with 78,001,755 participants from 38 countries were finally included. The global prevalence of NAFLD was estimated to be 30.2% (95% CI: 28.7–31.7%). Regionally, the prevalence of NAFLD was as follows: Asia 30.9% (95% CI: 29.2–32.6%), Australia 16.1% (95% CI: 9.0–24.8%), Europe 30.2% (95% CI: 25.6–35.0%), North America 29% (95% CI: 25.8–32.3%), and South America 34% (95% CI: 16.9–53.5%). Countries with a higher human development index (HDI) had significantly lower prevalence of NAFLD (coefficient = –0.523, <em>p</em> = 0.005). Globally, the prevalence of NAFLD in men and women was 36.6% (95% CI: 34.7–38.4%) and 25.5% (95% CI: 23.9–27.1%), respectively. The prevalence of NAFLD in adults, adults with obesity, children, and children with obesity was 30.2% (95% CI: 28.8–31.7%), 57.5% (95% CI: 43.6–70.9%), 14.3% (95% CI: 10.3–18.8%), and 38.0% (95% CI: 31.5–44.7%), respectively.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The prevalence of NAFLD is remarkably high, particularly in countries with lower HDI. This substantial prevalence in both adults and children underscores the need for disease management protocols to reduce the burden.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"55 6","pages":"Article 103043"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141879895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) plays an important role in multiple inflammatory disorders. We aimed to analyze serum GDF15 levels in adult patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs).
Methods
Serum GDF15 levels were measured in 179 adult patients with IIMs and 76 healthy controls (HCs). The association between GDF15 levels and disease variables was analyzed using Spearman's rank correlation. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to evaluate the discriminatory ability of GDF15 and the GDF15-to-lymphocyte ratio (GLR). Machine learning methods were applied to build predictive models.
Results
GDF15 levels and GLR were significantly elevated in patients with adult IIMs than in HCs. Compared with patients in remission, both GDF15 and GLR were significantly higher in myositis patients in an active phase. GDF15 levels correlated positively with myositis disease activity indices and negatively correlated with lymphocyte and platelet counts. ROC curve analysis revealed that GDF15 levels and GLR outperformed muscle enzymes and distinguished well between patients with active disease and those in remission. Furthermore, even in the normal muscle enzyme group, GDF15 levels and GLR were also well-distinguished between patients with active disease and those in remission. Using machine learning, a logistic regression model of GDF15 combined with creatine kinase and lymphocyte count was constructed and had a reliable predictive value for disease activity.
Conclusions
GDF15, particularly GLR, was significantly correlated with disease activity in adult patients with IIMs. They could serve as useful biochemical markers for evaluating disease activity, monitoring disease progression, and guiding treatment in adult patients with IIMs.
{"title":"Activity Prediction Modeling Based on a Combination of Growth Differentiation Factor 15 and Serum Biomarker Levels in Dermatomyositis and Polymyositis","authors":"Qiong Wu , Wei Wang , Ling Qiu, Wanchan Peng, Yunli Zhang, Jinfang Fu, Siyu Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103058","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103058","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aims</h3><p>Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) plays an important role in multiple inflammatory disorders. We aimed to analyze serum GDF15 levels in adult patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Serum GDF15 levels were measured in 179 adult patients with IIMs and 76 healthy controls (HCs). The association between GDF15 levels and disease variables was analyzed using Spearman's rank correlation. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to evaluate the discriminatory ability of GDF15 and the GDF15-to-lymphocyte ratio (GLR). Machine learning methods were applied to build predictive models.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>GDF15 levels and GLR were significantly elevated in patients with adult IIMs than in HCs. Compared with patients in remission, both GDF15 and GLR were significantly higher in myositis patients in an active phase. GDF15 levels correlated positively with myositis disease activity indices and negatively correlated with lymphocyte and platelet counts. ROC curve analysis revealed that GDF15 levels and GLR outperformed muscle enzymes and distinguished well between patients with active disease and those in remission. Furthermore, even in the normal muscle enzyme group, GDF15 levels and GLR were also well-distinguished between patients with active disease and those in remission. Using machine learning, a logistic regression model of GDF15 combined with creatine kinase and lymphocyte count was constructed and had a reliable predictive value for disease activity.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>GDF15, particularly GLR, was significantly correlated with disease activity in adult patients with IIMs. They could serve as useful biochemical markers for evaluating disease activity, monitoring disease progression, and guiding treatment in adult patients with IIMs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"55 7","pages":"Article 103058"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141879896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103044
Vanessa De la Cruz-Góngora , Betty Manrique-Espinoza , Aarón Salinas-Rodríguez , Brenda Martinez-Tapia , Mario Flores-Aldana , Teresa Shamah-Levy
Background
The study of dietary patterns in older adults (OA) and their association with geriatric syndromes (GS) is scarce in Latin America.
Objective
To describe the association of dietary patterns with GS in the Mexican older adult population, using data from the 2018-19 National Health and Nutrition Survey.
Methods
Dietary data were collected from 3,511 adults (≥60 years of age, both sexes) using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Dietary patterns were derived by principal component analysis based on the consumption of 162 foods from 24 food groups. The GS studied were: frailty, depressive symptoms (DS), low appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMM); additionally, we studied inflammation (serum CRP>5 mg/L). Logistic regression models were used.
Results
Four major dietary patterns were identified: a) “Western”, b) “Prudent”, c) “Soups”, and d) “Traditional”. The middle and higher tertiles of the “Prudent” pattern were associated with lower odds of DS (OR 0.71, p = 0.04; and OR 0.61, p = 0.008), respectively. The second tertile of the “Soups” pattern was associated with lower odds of low ASMM (OR 0.68, p = 0031) and inflammation (OR 0.58, p = 0.022). The highest tertile of the “Traditional” pattern was associated with low ASMM (OR 1.55, p = 0.008) and lower odds of inflammation (OR 0.69, p = 0.044). No association was found between the “Western” dietary pattern and GS.
Conclusions
Three of four major dietary patterns were associated with GS in older Mexican adults. Further studies are needed to address strategies to improve diet quality in this age group and its association with health and functional outcomes.
{"title":"Dietary Patterns and Geriatric Syndromes in older Mexican adults: Analysis of the 2018-19 National Health and Nutrition Survey","authors":"Vanessa De la Cruz-Góngora , Betty Manrique-Espinoza , Aarón Salinas-Rodríguez , Brenda Martinez-Tapia , Mario Flores-Aldana , Teresa Shamah-Levy","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103044","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103044","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The study of dietary patterns in older adults (OA) and their association with geriatric syndromes (GS) is scarce in Latin America.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To describe the association of dietary patterns with GS in the Mexican older adult population, using data from the 2018-19 National Health and Nutrition Survey.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Dietary data were collected from 3,511 adults (≥60 years of age, both sexes) using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Dietary patterns were derived by principal component analysis based on the consumption of 162 foods from 24 food groups. The GS studied were: frailty, depressive symptoms (DS), low appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMM); additionally, we studied inflammation (serum CRP>5 mg/L). Logistic regression models were used.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Four major dietary patterns were identified: a) “Western”, b) “Prudent”, c) “Soups”, and d) “Traditional”. The middle and higher tertiles of the “Prudent” pattern were associated with lower odds of DS (OR 0.71, <em>p</em> = 0.04; and OR 0.61, <em>p</em> = 0.008), respectively. The second tertile of the “Soups” pattern was associated with lower odds of low ASMM (OR 0.68, <em>p</em> = 0031) and inflammation (OR 0.58, <em>p</em> = 0.022). The highest tertile of the “Traditional” pattern was associated with low ASMM (OR 1.55, <em>p</em> = 0.008) and lower odds of inflammation (OR 0.69, <em>p</em> = 0.044). No association was found between the “Western” dietary pattern and GS.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Three of four major dietary patterns were associated with GS in older Mexican adults. Further studies are needed to address strategies to improve diet quality in this age group and its association with health and functional outcomes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"55 6","pages":"Article 103044"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141879894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-29DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103047
Gustavo Martinez-Mier , Pedro I. Moreno-Ley , Luis F. Budar-Fernández , Marco T. Méndez-López , Carlos A. Allende-Castellanos , Luis A. Jiménez-López , Daniel A. Barrera-Amoros , José Manuel Reyes-Ruiz
Background
The optimal dose of rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin (r-ATG) in renal transplantation is still under debate. We previously reported that a low-dose r-ATG induction of 3 mg/kg can be used safely and effectively in low-risk kidney transplants with good results in the first year after transplantation compared to basiliximab induction.
Aims
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the long-term impact of this trial of low-dose r-ATG versus basiliximab on post-transplant outcomes (patient and graft survival, biopsy-proven acute rejection incidence [BPAR], infectious complications, and side effects).
Methods
Observational study (three-year follow-up) of a 12-month single-center, open-label RCT in de novo kidney allograft recipients assigned to receive either thymoglobulin or basiliximab before transplantation.
Results
Patients in the basiliximab group (BG) underwent more kidney transplant biopsies than patients in the low-dose r-ATG group (TG) (50 vs. 31.8%, p = 0.07). Although the 12-month cumulative incidence of BPAR was lower in BG, by the end of the three-year follow-up period this incidence was higher (22%) than in the low-dose TG (15%) (p = ns). Steroids were withdrawn more frequently in the TG group and sirolimus was most frequently indicated. Graft function and graft survival were higher in the low-dose TG than in the BG at three-year follow-up but not statistically significant. Patient survival was similar between groups (>90%).
Conclusions
These three-year follow-up data confirm the efficacy and favorable safety aspects of the low-dose r-ATG (3 mg/kg) in low-risk kidney transplantation.
{"title":"Low-Dose Thymoglobulin versus Basiliximab Induction Therapy in Low-Risk Living Related Kidney Transplant Recipients: Three-Year Follow-Up Study","authors":"Gustavo Martinez-Mier , Pedro I. Moreno-Ley , Luis F. Budar-Fernández , Marco T. Méndez-López , Carlos A. Allende-Castellanos , Luis A. Jiménez-López , Daniel A. Barrera-Amoros , José Manuel Reyes-Ruiz","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103047","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103047","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The optimal dose of rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin (r-ATG) in renal transplantation is still under debate. We previously reported that a low-dose r-ATG induction of 3 mg/kg can be used safely and effectively in low-risk kidney transplants with good results in the first year after transplantation compared to basiliximab induction.</p></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><p>The purpose of this study is to evaluate the long-term impact of this trial of low-dose r-ATG versus basiliximab on post-transplant outcomes (patient and graft survival, biopsy-proven acute rejection incidence [BPAR], infectious complications, and side effects).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Observational study (three-year follow-up) of a 12-month single-center, open-label RCT in <em>de novo</em> kidney allograft recipients assigned to receive either thymoglobulin or basiliximab before transplantation.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Patients in the basiliximab group (BG) underwent more kidney transplant biopsies than patients in the low-dose r-ATG group (TG) (50 vs. 31.8%, <em>p</em> = 0.07). Although the 12-month cumulative incidence of BPAR was lower in BG, by the end of the three-year follow-up period this incidence was higher (22%) than in the low-dose TG (15%) (<em>p</em> = <em>ns</em>). Steroids were withdrawn more frequently in the TG group and sirolimus was most frequently indicated. Graft function and graft survival were higher in the low-dose TG than in the BG at three-year follow-up but not statistically significant. Patient survival was similar between groups (>90%).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These three-year follow-up data confirm the efficacy and favorable safety aspects of the low-dose r-ATG (3 mg/kg) in low-risk kidney transplantation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"55 6","pages":"Article 103047"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141857382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103045
Liliana Giraldo-Rodríguez , Marcela Agudelo-Botero , Mario E. Rojas-Russell
Background
Elder abuse (EA), depressive symptoms, and loneliness represent a growing risk to the health, well-being, and premature mortality of older adults. However, the role of loneliness in the relationship between EA and depressive symptoms has not yet been examined.
Aims
To investigate the associations between these constructs and to explore the possible mediating role of loneliness in the relationship between EA and depressive symptoms in a representative sample of older Mexican people.
Methods
A representative community-dwelling survey of older adults aged 60 and older was conducted in two cities in Mexico (Mexico City and Xalapa) in 2018–2019. Measurements of EA, loneliness, depressive symptoms, health, and sociodemographic data were collected. Regression and mediation models were tested to analyze the associations between these variables.
Results
The prevalence of EA was 16.3%, loneliness was 50%, and depressive symptoms were 25.5%. The odds ratio (OR) for the occurrence of depressive symptoms was 2.7 when the combined effects of EA and loneliness were considered. The proportion of the effect that could explain the mediating role of loneliness was 31%.
Conclusion
To effectively reduce depressive symptoms in older individuals affected by emotional or psychological abuse and neglect, it is crucial to address both the mediating influence of loneliness and EA itself in therapeutic and preventive interventions.
背景：虐待老人（EA）、抑郁症状和孤独感对老年人的健康、福祉和过早死亡构成了越来越大的风险。目的：通过对具有代表性的墨西哥老年人样本进行调查，研究这些因素之间的关联，并探讨孤独感在虐待老人行为与抑郁症状之间可能起到的中介作用：2018-2019年，在墨西哥的两个城市（墨西哥城和哈拉帕）对60岁及以上的老年人进行了一次具有代表性的社区居住调查。调查收集了EA、孤独感、抑郁症状、健康状况和社会人口学数据。测试了回归和中介模型，以分析这些变量之间的关联：EA发生率为16.3%，孤独感为50%，抑郁症状为25.5%。考虑到 EA 和孤独的综合影响，抑郁症状发生的几率比（OR）为 2.7。可以解释孤独感中介作用的影响比例为 31%：结论：要想有效减少受情感或心理虐待和忽视影响的老年人的抑郁症状，在治疗和预防干预措施中同时考虑孤独感和EA本身的中介影响至关重要。
{"title":"Elder Abuse and Depressive Symptoms: The Mediating Role of Loneliness in Older Adults","authors":"Liliana Giraldo-Rodríguez , Marcela Agudelo-Botero , Mario E. Rojas-Russell","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103045","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103045","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Elder abuse (EA), depressive symptoms, and loneliness represent a growing risk to the health, well-being, and premature mortality of older adults. However, the role of loneliness in the relationship between EA and depressive symptoms has not yet been examined.</p></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><p>To investigate the associations between these constructs and to explore the possible mediating role of loneliness in the relationship between EA and depressive symptoms in a representative sample of older Mexican people.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A representative community-dwelling survey of older adults aged 60 and older was conducted in two cities in Mexico (Mexico City and Xalapa) in 2018–2019. Measurements of EA, loneliness, depressive symptoms, health, and sociodemographic data were collected. Regression and mediation models were tested to analyze the associations between these variables.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The prevalence of EA was 16.3%, loneliness was 50%, and depressive symptoms were 25.5%. The odds ratio (OR) for the occurrence of depressive symptoms was 2.7 when the combined effects of EA and loneliness were considered. The proportion of the effect that could explain the mediating role of loneliness was 31%.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>To effectively reduce depressive symptoms in older individuals affected by emotional or psychological abuse and neglect, it is crucial to address both the mediating influence of loneliness and EA itself in therapeutic and preventive interventions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"55 6","pages":"Article 103045"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0188440924000973/pdfft?md5=5c85bbbe3dba931b043f8999a4abb41d&pid=1-s2.0-S0188440924000973-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141790287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103057
Bin Zhang , Xiaoya Han , Wei Long, Sijie Xi, Bin Yu, Xiaosong Yuan
Background and Aims
This study aimed to quantify adverse perinatal outcomes (APO), including small/large for gestational age (SGA/LGA) and preterm birth (PTB), in pregnant women with abnormal red cell distribution width (RDW) and explore the related mechanisms.
Methods
This study included 11,659 pregnant women who delivered in a specialized hospital. At the time of admission, the lipid profiles and whole blood cell counts were assessed, and APO was analyzed.
Results
Women with high RDW (>18.5% [the 97.5th percentile]) in late pregnancy had a higher risk of LGA compared with those with low RDW (<12.3% [the 2.5th percentile]), whereas women with low RDW had a higher risk of SGA and PTB, compared with those with high RDW. A 1% increase in RDW was associated with an increased risk of LGA and a decreased risk of SGA and PTB. Consistent associations were observed in sensitivity analysis among pregnant women of non-advanced age, non-obesity, non-pregnancy complications, and non-PTB (for SGA/LGA only). Increased RDW was significantly associated with increased triglycerides and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Triglycerides and HDL-C significantly mediated 10.63 and 15.8% of RDW-associated LGA, 9.51% and 9.40 of RDW-associated SGA, and 8.44 and –8.25% of RDW-associated PTB, respectively.
Conclusion
Abnormal RDW was associated with an increased risk of APO, and the RDW-associated APO risk could be partially mediated by triglycerides and HDL-C, suggesting that RDW may be a promising APO predictor.
{"title":"Association Between Red Blood Cell Distribution Width in Late Pregnancy and the Incidence of Adverse Perinatal Outcomes: A Retrospective Cohort Study","authors":"Bin Zhang , Xiaoya Han , Wei Long, Sijie Xi, Bin Yu, Xiaosong Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103057","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103057","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Aims</h3><p>This study aimed to quantify adverse perinatal outcomes (APO), including small/large for gestational age (SGA/LGA) and preterm birth (PTB), in pregnant women with abnormal red cell distribution width (RDW) and explore the related mechanisms.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This study included 11,659 pregnant women who delivered in a specialized hospital. At the time of admission, the lipid profiles and whole blood cell counts were assessed, and APO was analyzed.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Women with high RDW (>18.5% [the 97.5<sup>th</sup> percentile]) in late pregnancy had a higher risk of LGA compared with those with low RDW (<12.3% [the 2.5<sup>th</sup> percentile]), whereas women with low RDW had a higher risk of SGA and PTB, compared with those with high RDW. A 1% increase in RDW was associated with an increased risk of LGA and a decreased risk of SGA and PTB. Consistent associations were observed in sensitivity analysis among pregnant women of non-advanced age, non-obesity, non-pregnancy complications, and non-PTB (for SGA/LGA only). Increased RDW was significantly associated with increased triglycerides and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Triglycerides and HDL-C significantly mediated 10.63 and 15.8% of RDW-associated LGA, 9.51% and 9.40 of RDW-associated SGA, and 8.44 and –8.25% of RDW-associated PTB, respectively.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Abnormal RDW was associated with an increased risk of APO, and the RDW-associated APO risk could be partially mediated by triglycerides and HDL-C, suggesting that RDW may be a promising APO predictor.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"55 7","pages":"Article 103057"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141790288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-19DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103040
Rosa Estela García-Chanes , Mariana López-Ortega , Sara Torres-Castro
Background
Given the importance of understanding psychosocial well-being as part of aging characteristics and processes, the present study aimed to describe life satisfaction among middle-aged and older adults in Mexico, according to sociodemographic, economic, psychosocial, and health factors.
Methods
Data were obtained from the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS), a longitudinal, nationally representative survey of adults aged 50 years and older. Data from the 2012, 2015, and 2018 waves were analyzed for this study. Life satisfaction in the MHAS is assessed using the Spanish version of the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). For the construction of the trajectories over six years of follow-up, quartiles of the scale were calculated for each wave. Multinomial regression models were then estimated to determine significant factors associated with each trajectory.
Results
A total of 8,376 individuals aged 50 years and older met our study criteria for complete data in the three follow-up waves. Four life satisfaction trajectories were identified over six years of follow-up: high-constant, high-low, low-high, and low-constant. Subjective or psychosocial characteristics such as depressive symptoms, self-reported health, and functional ability were highly significant factors associated with life satisfaction trajectories, while multimorbidity was not significant.
Conclusions
This research contributes to the understanding of psychosocial well-being in Mexican older adults by exploring life satisfaction trajectories and their associated factors. The study shows that psychosocial and economic factors, along with functional abilities, have a much greater impact on life satisfaction, beyond the presence of comorbidity.
{"title":"Life Satisfaction Trajectories and Associated Factors in Middle-Aged and Older Mexican Adults","authors":"Rosa Estela García-Chanes , Mariana López-Ortega , Sara Torres-Castro","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103040","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103040","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Given the importance of understanding psychosocial well-being as part of aging characteristics and processes, the present study aimed to describe life satisfaction among middle-aged and older adults in Mexico, according to sociodemographic, economic, psychosocial, and health factors.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Data were obtained from the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS), a longitudinal, nationally representative survey of adults aged 50 years and older. Data from the 2012, 2015, and 2018 waves were analyzed for this study. Life satisfaction in the MHAS is assessed using the Spanish version of the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). For the construction of the trajectories over six years of follow-up, quartiles of the scale were calculated for each wave. Multinomial regression models were then estimated to determine significant factors associated with each trajectory.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 8,376 individuals aged 50 years and older met our study criteria for complete data in the three follow-up waves. Four life satisfaction trajectories were identified over six years of follow-up: high-constant, high-low, low-high, and low-constant. Subjective or psychosocial characteristics such as depressive symptoms, self-reported health, and functional ability were highly significant factors associated with life satisfaction trajectories, while multimorbidity was not significant.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This research contributes to the understanding of psychosocial well-being in Mexican older adults by exploring life satisfaction trajectories and their associated factors. The study shows that psychosocial and economic factors, along with functional abilities, have a much greater impact on life satisfaction, beyond the presence of comorbidity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"55 6","pages":"Article 103040"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141729219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-18DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103055
Surada Satthakarn , Sitthichai Panyasai
Background
Excessive expression of hemoglobin F (HbF) is a characteristic feature and important diagnostic marker of β0-thalassemia/HbE disease. However, some patients may exhibit low-HbF levels, leading to misdiagnosis and precluding genetic counseling. The genetic factors influencing these differences in HbF expression in this atypical disease are not completely understood.
Aims
To investigate determinants contributing to the non-elevation of HbF expression in β0-thalassemia/HbE disease.
Methods
We studied 231 patients with β0-thalassemia/HbE confirmed by DNA analysis; classified them into the low-HbF (n = 62) and high-HbF (n = 169) groups; analyzed hematological parameters and hemoglobin levels in both groups; and characterized mutations in β- and α-globin genes and genetic variants in γ-globin promoters.
Results
Both groups showed similar rates of type β0-thalassemia mutations but significantly different proportions of α-globin mutations: approximately 88.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 66.8–115.5) and 39.1% (95% CI = 30.2–49.7) in the low- and high-HbF groups, respectively. The results revealed single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at -158 (C>T) in the Gγ-globin promoters and novel SNPs at the 5′ untranslated region position 25 (G>A) in Aγ-globin promoters. The distribution of CC genotypes of the Gγ-globin promoter in the low-HbF group was significantly higher than that in the high-HbF group.
Conclusions
Cases with HbE predominance with low-HbF levels and undetectable HbA may not be as conclusive as those with homozygous HbE until DNA analysis is performed. Concomitant inheritance of α-thalassemia is an important inherent factor modifying HbF expression in a typical β0-thalassemia/HbE, and SNPs with the CC genotype in the Gγ-globin promoter may indicate unelevated HbF expression in patients with this disease.
{"title":"α-Globin mutations and Genetic Variants in γ-globin Promoters are Associated with Unelevated Hemoglobin F Expression of Atypical β0-thalassemia/HbE","authors":"Surada Satthakarn , Sitthichai Panyasai","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103055","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103055","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Excessive expression of hemoglobin F (HbF) is a characteristic feature and important diagnostic marker of β<sup>0</sup>-thalassemia/HbE disease. However, some patients may exhibit low-HbF levels, leading to misdiagnosis and precluding genetic counseling. The genetic factors influencing these differences in HbF expression in this atypical disease are not completely understood.</p></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><p>To investigate determinants contributing to the non-elevation of HbF expression in β<sup>0</sup>-thalassemia/HbE disease.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We studied 231 patients with β<sup>0</sup>-thalassemia/HbE confirmed by DNA analysis; classified them into the low-HbF (<em>n</em> = 62) and high-HbF (<em>n</em> = 169) groups; analyzed hematological parameters and hemoglobin levels in both groups; and characterized mutations in β- and α-globin genes and genetic variants in γ-globin promoters.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Both groups showed similar rates of type β<sup>0</sup>-thalassemia mutations but significantly different proportions of α-globin mutations: approximately 88.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 66.8–115.5) and 39.1% (95% CI = 30.2–49.7) in the low- and high-HbF groups, respectively. The results revealed single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at -158 (C>T) in the <sup>G</sup>γ-globin promoters and novel SNPs at the 5′ untranslated region position 25 (G>A) in <sup>A</sup>γ-globin promoters. The distribution of CC genotypes of the <sup>G</sup>γ-globin promoter in the low-HbF group was significantly higher than that in the high-HbF group.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Cases with HbE predominance with low-HbF levels and undetectable HbA may not be as conclusive as those with homozygous HbE until DNA analysis is performed. Concomitant inheritance of α-thalassemia is an important inherent factor modifying HbF expression in a typical β<sup>0</sup>-thalassemia/HbE, and SNPs with the CC genotype in the <sup>G</sup>γ-globin promoter may indicate unelevated HbF expression in patients with this disease.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"55 6","pages":"Article 103055"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141638674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-18DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103056
Lucindo José Quintans-Júnior , Paulo Ricardo Martins-Filho
{"title":"Oops! ... They did it again-The Reasons Behind so Many Retractions of Scientific Articles","authors":"Lucindo José Quintans-Júnior , Paulo Ricardo Martins-Filho","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103056","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103056","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"55 7","pages":"Article 103056"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141728431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Prolonged hospitalization due to the COVID-19 pandemic gathered risk factors for developing invasive candidiasis.
Aim
To describe Candida spp. isolated from patients with clinical suspicion of COVID treated in a public hospital specialized in COVID-19 during the pandemic, considering the susceptibility profiles and the risk factors related to the species detected in a positive yeast culture.
Methods
From different samples of 33 patients with comorbidities, 42 clinical isolates were identified by VITEKⓇ MS Plus. Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed using VITEKⓇ 2 Compact with the AST-YS08 card.
Results
The most frequently identified species were C. albicans and C. glabrata, which were also the most common co-infections, Saprochaete capitata, an uncommon yeast was isolated in one patient. 85% of the co-infections were COVID positive and 100% of patients with a co-infection required mechanical ventilation (MV) which has been described as one of the major predisposing factors to candidiasis. Candida species vary in their response to treatment. In this study, 44% of isolates identified as C. glabrata were fluconazole-resistant, which were also immediately susceptible to caspofungin; this profile limits therapeutic options and emphasizes the importance of evaluating the susceptibility profile.
Conclusions
This work highlights the increase in isolation of different Candida species during COVID-19 and the importance of establishing criteria to declare Candida colonization or infection and the correct etiological identification to establish an agent-based antifungal treatment, to reduce the spreading risk of Candida spp. in the hospital environment, mortality, time, and cost of hospitalization.
{"title":"Candida Isolation During COVID-19: Microbiological Findings of a Prospective Study in a Regional Hospital","authors":"Jaquelin Naranjo-Bravo , Daniel Romero-Romero , Araceli Contreras-Rodríguez , Ma. Guadalupe Aguilera-Arreola , Berenice Parra-Ortega","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103038","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103038","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Prolonged hospitalization due to the COVID-19 pandemic gathered risk factors for developing invasive candidiasis.</p></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><p>To describe <em>Candida</em> spp. isolated from patients with clinical suspicion of COVID treated in a public hospital specialized in COVID-19 during the pandemic, considering the susceptibility profiles and the risk factors related to the species detected in a positive yeast culture.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>From different samples of 33 patients with comorbidities, 42 clinical isolates were identified by VITEK<sup>Ⓡ</sup> MS Plus. Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed using VITEK<sup>Ⓡ</sup> 2 Compact with the AST-YS08 card.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The most frequently identified species were <em>C. albicans</em> and <em>C. glabrata</em>, which were also the most common co-infections, <em>Saprochaete capitata</em>, an uncommon yeast was isolated in one patient. 85% of the co-infections were COVID positive and 100% of patients with a co-infection required mechanical ventilation (MV) which has been described as one of the major predisposing factors to candidiasis. <em>Candida</em> species vary in their response to treatment. In this study, 44% of isolates identified as <em>C. glabrata</em> were fluconazole-resistant, which were also immediately susceptible to caspofungin; this profile limits therapeutic options and emphasizes the importance of evaluating the susceptibility profile.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This work highlights the increase in isolation of different <em>Candida</em> species during COVID-19 and the importance of establishing criteria to declare <em>Candida</em> colonization or infection and the correct etiological identification to establish an agent-based antifungal treatment, to reduce the spreading risk of <em>Candida</em> spp. in the hospital environment, mortality, time, and cost of hospitalization.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"55 6","pages":"Article 103038"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0188440924000900/pdfft?md5=4debb5e17b55d5f4cb9e0b37a8e458f9&pid=1-s2.0-S0188440924000900-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141630100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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