R. Geiger, A. Landragin, S. Merlet, F. Pereira dos Santos
The research on cold-atom interferometers gathers a large community of about 50 groups worldwide both in the academic and now in the industrial sectors. The interest in this sub-field of quantum sensing and metrology lies in the large panel of possible applications of cold-atom sensors for measuring inertial and gravitational signals with a high level of stability and accuracy. This review presents the evolution of the field over the last 30 years and focuses on the acceleration of the research effort in the last 10 years. The article describes the physics principle of cold-atom gravito-inertial sensors as well as the main parts of hardware and the expertise required when starting the design of such sensors. It then reviews the progress in the development of instruments measuring gravitational and inertial signals, with a highlight on the limitations to the performances of the sensors, on their applications, and on the latest directions of research.
{"title":"High-accuracy inertial measurements with cold-atom sensors","authors":"R. Geiger, A. Landragin, S. Merlet, F. Pereira dos Santos","doi":"10.1116/5.0009093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1116/5.0009093","url":null,"abstract":"The research on cold-atom interferometers gathers a large community of about 50 groups worldwide both in the academic and now in the industrial sectors. The interest in this sub-field of quantum sensing and metrology lies in the large panel of possible applications of cold-atom sensors for measuring inertial and gravitational signals with a high level of stability and accuracy. This review presents the evolution of the field over the last 30 years and focuses on the acceleration of the research effort in the last 10 years. The article describes the physics principle of cold-atom gravito-inertial sensors as well as the main parts of hardware and the expertise required when starting the design of such sensors. It then reviews the progress in the development of instruments measuring gravitational and inertial signals, with a highlight on the limitations to the performances of the sensors, on their applications, and on the latest directions of research.","PeriodicalId":8441,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Atomic Physics","volume":"306 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79542356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-25DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevResearch.2.013364
V. P. Kosheleva, A. Volotka, D. Glazov, S. Fritzsche
The rigorous QED evaluation of the one- and two-photon exchange corrections to the ground-state hyperfine splitting in Li-like ions is presented for the wide range of nuclear charge number $Z= 7 - 82$. The calculations are carried out in the framework of the extended Furry picture, i.e., with inclusion of the effective local screening potential in the zeroth-order approximation. The interelectronic-interaction contributions of the third and higher orders are taken into account in the framework of the Breit approximation employing the recursive perturbation theory. In comparison to the previous theoretical calculations, the accuracy of the interelectronic-interaction contributions to the ground-state hyperfine splitting in Li-like ions is substantially improved.
{"title":"Many-electron effects in the hyperfine splitting of lithiumlike ions","authors":"V. P. Kosheleva, A. Volotka, D. Glazov, S. Fritzsche","doi":"10.1103/PhysRevResearch.2.013364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.2.013364","url":null,"abstract":"The rigorous QED evaluation of the one- and two-photon exchange corrections to the ground-state hyperfine splitting in Li-like ions is presented for the wide range of nuclear charge number $Z= 7 - 82$. The calculations are carried out in the framework of the extended Furry picture, i.e., with inclusion of the effective local screening potential in the zeroth-order approximation. The interelectronic-interaction contributions of the third and higher orders are taken into account in the framework of the Breit approximation employing the recursive perturbation theory. In comparison to the previous theoretical calculations, the accuracy of the interelectronic-interaction contributions to the ground-state hyperfine splitting in Li-like ions is substantially improved.","PeriodicalId":8441,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Atomic Physics","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82887839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We extend our earlier "virtual detector" method [X. Wang, J. Tian, and J. H. Eberly, Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 243001 (2013)], a hybrid quantum mechanical and classical trajectory method, to include phases in the classical trajectories. Effects of quantum interferences, lost in the earlier method, are restored. The obtained photoelectron momentum distributions agree well with the corresponding numerical solutions of the time-dependent Schr"odinger equation.
我们扩展了之前的“虚拟探测器”方法[X]。Wang, J. Tian，和J. H. Eberly, Phys。[j]，一种混合量子力学和经典轨迹方法，以包括经典轨迹中的相。在先前的方法中丢失的量子干涉效应得以恢复。得到的光电子动量分布与时变Schr odinger方程的数值解吻合较好。
{"title":"Extended virtual detector theory including quantum interferences","authors":"R. Xu, Xu Wang","doi":"10.1063/5.0040193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0040193","url":null,"abstract":"We extend our earlier \"virtual detector\" method [X. Wang, J. Tian, and J. H. Eberly, Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 243001 (2013)], a hybrid quantum mechanical and classical trajectory method, to include phases in the classical trajectories. Effects of quantum interferences, lost in the earlier method, are restored. The obtained photoelectron momentum distributions agree well with the corresponding numerical solutions of the time-dependent Schr\"odinger equation.","PeriodicalId":8441,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Atomic Physics","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87996035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-06DOI: 10.1103/PHYSREVRESEARCH.2.023192
F. Meinert, C. Hölzl, M. Nebioğlu, Alessandro D'Arnese, Philipp Karl, M. Dressel, M. Scheffler
Long-lived circular Rydberg atoms are picking up increasing interest for boosting coherence times in Rydberg-based quantum simulation. We elaborate a novel approach to stabilize circular Rydberg states against spontaneous and blackbody-induced decay using a suppression capacitor made from indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films, which combine reflection of microwaves with transparency in the visible spectral range. To this end, we perform detailed characterization of such films using complementary spectroscopic methods at GHz and THz frequencies and identify conditions that allow for reaching circular-state lifetimes up to tens of milliseconds in a room-temperature environment. We discuss prospects of our findings in view of the quest for quantum simulations with high-$n$ circular Rydberg states at room temperature.
{"title":"Indium tin oxide films meet circular Rydberg atoms: Prospects for novel quantum simulation schemes","authors":"F. Meinert, C. Hölzl, M. Nebioğlu, Alessandro D'Arnese, Philipp Karl, M. Dressel, M. Scheffler","doi":"10.1103/PHYSREVRESEARCH.2.023192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/PHYSREVRESEARCH.2.023192","url":null,"abstract":"Long-lived circular Rydberg atoms are picking up increasing interest for boosting coherence times in Rydberg-based quantum simulation. We elaborate a novel approach to stabilize circular Rydberg states against spontaneous and blackbody-induced decay using a suppression capacitor made from indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films, which combine reflection of microwaves with transparency in the visible spectral range. To this end, we perform detailed characterization of such films using complementary spectroscopic methods at GHz and THz frequencies and identify conditions that allow for reaching circular-state lifetimes up to tens of milliseconds in a room-temperature environment. We discuss prospects of our findings in view of the quest for quantum simulations with high-$n$ circular Rydberg states at room temperature.","PeriodicalId":8441,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Atomic Physics","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81146786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-26DOI: 10.1103/physreva.102.023103
Shi Chen, J. Chen, G. Paulus, Huipeng Kang
Using a three-dimensional semiclassical method, we theoretically investigate frustrated double ionization (FDI) of Ar atoms subjected to strong laser fields. The double-hump photoelectron momentum distribution generated from FDI observed in a recent experiment [S. Larimian et al., Phys. Rev. Research 2, 013021 (2020)] is reproduced by our simulation. We confirm that the observed spectrum is due to recollision. The laser intensity dependence of FDI is investigated. We reveal that the doubly excited states of Ar atoms and excited states of Ar+ are the dominant pathways for producing FDI at relatively low and high intensities, respectively. Our work demonstrates that at modest intensities, FDI is a general strong-field physical process accompanied with nonsequential double ionization and it is an important consequence of recollision.
利用三维半经典方法，从理论上研究了强激光场作用下氩原子的受挫双电离现象。FDI产生的双驼峰光电子动量分布[j]。Larimian et al.，物理学。Rev. Research, 2013021(2020)]被我们的模拟再现。我们确认观测到的光谱是由于回忆。研究了FDI对激光强度的依赖性。我们发现Ar原子的双激发态和Ar+的双激发态分别是产生相对低强度和高强度FDI的主要途径。我们的工作表明，在中等强度下，FDI是伴随非顺序双电离的一般强场物理过程，它是回忆的重要结果。
{"title":"Strong-field frustrated double ionization of argon atoms","authors":"Shi Chen, J. Chen, G. Paulus, Huipeng Kang","doi":"10.1103/physreva.102.023103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.102.023103","url":null,"abstract":"Using a three-dimensional semiclassical method, we theoretically investigate frustrated double ionization (FDI) of Ar atoms subjected to strong laser fields. The double-hump photoelectron momentum distribution generated from FDI observed in a recent experiment [S. Larimian et al., Phys. Rev. Research 2, 013021 (2020)] is reproduced by our simulation. We confirm that the observed spectrum is due to recollision. The laser intensity dependence of FDI is investigated. We reveal that the doubly excited states of Ar atoms and excited states of Ar+ are the dominant pathways for producing FDI at relatively low and high intensities, respectively. Our work demonstrates that at modest intensities, FDI is a general strong-field physical process accompanied with nonsequential double ionization and it is an important consequence of recollision.","PeriodicalId":8441,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Atomic Physics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88987150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We examine the effect of laser focusing on the potential of a recently discussed scheme [M.F. Ciappina {em et al}, Phys. Rev. A 99, 043405 (2019); Las. Phys. Lett. 17, 025301 (2020)] for in situ determination of ultra-high intensities of electromagnetic radiation delivered by multi-petawatt laser facilities. Using two model intensity distributions in the focus of a laser beam, we show how the resulting yields of highly charged ions generated in the process of multiple sequential tunneling of electrons from atoms, depend on the shape of these distributions. Our findings lead to the conclusion that an accurate extraction of the peak laser intensity can be made either in the near-threshold regime when the production of the highest charge state happens only in a small part of the laser focus close to the point where the intensity is maximal, or through the determination of the points where the ion yields of close charges become equal. We show that, for realistic parameters of the gas target, the number of ions generated in the central part of the focus in the threshold regime should be sufficient for a reliable measurement with highly sensitive time-of-flight detectors. Although positions of the intersection points generally depend on the focal shape, they can be used to localize the peak intensity value in a certain interval. Additionally to this analysis, we discuss the method in comparison to other recently proposed approaches for direct measurement of extreme laser intensities.
我们研究了激光聚焦对最近讨论的一种方案[M.F.]的电位的影响{em et al};Rev. A 99, 043405 (2019);拉斯维加斯。理论物理。Lett. 17, 025301(2020)]用于多拍瓦激光设备发出的超高强度电磁辐射的现场测定。利用激光束焦点中的两个模型强度分布，我们展示了在原子的多个顺序隧穿电子过程中产生的高电荷离子的最终产率如何依赖于这些分布的形状。我们的研究结果得出的结论是，准确提取峰值激光强度可以在接近阈值的情况下进行，当最高电荷状态的产生只发生在靠近强度最大点的一小部分激光聚焦中，或者通过确定闭合电荷的离子产额相等的点。我们表明，对于气体目标的实际参数，在阈值范围内焦点中心部分产生的离子数量应该足以用高灵敏度的飞行时间探测器进行可靠的测量。虽然交点的位置一般取决于焦点形状，但它们可以用来定位一定间隔内的峰值强度值。除此之外，我们还讨论了该方法与其他最近提出的直接测量极端激光强度的方法的比较。
{"title":"Focal-shape effects on the efficiency of the tunnel-ionization probe for extreme laser intensities","authors":"M. Ciappina, E. E. Peganov, S. Popruzhenko","doi":"10.1063/5.0005380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0005380","url":null,"abstract":"We examine the effect of laser focusing on the potential of a recently discussed scheme [M.F. Ciappina {em et al}, Phys. Rev. A 99, 043405 (2019); Las. Phys. Lett. 17, 025301 (2020)] for in situ determination of ultra-high intensities of electromagnetic radiation delivered by multi-petawatt laser facilities. Using two model intensity distributions in the focus of a laser beam, we show how the resulting yields of highly charged ions generated in the process of multiple sequential tunneling of electrons from atoms, depend on the shape of these distributions. Our findings lead to the conclusion that an accurate extraction of the peak laser intensity can be made either in the near-threshold regime when the production of the highest charge state happens only in a small part of the laser focus close to the point where the intensity is maximal, or through the determination of the points where the ion yields of close charges become equal. We show that, for realistic parameters of the gas target, the number of ions generated in the central part of the focus in the threshold regime should be sufficient for a reliable measurement with highly sensitive time-of-flight detectors. Although positions of the intersection points generally depend on the focal shape, they can be used to localize the peak intensity value in a certain interval. Additionally to this analysis, we discuss the method in comparison to other recently proposed approaches for direct measurement of extreme laser intensities.","PeriodicalId":8441,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Atomic Physics","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73715855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Ben-Amar Baranga, A. Gusarov, G. Koganov, D. Levron, R. Shuker
The response of a SERF atomic magnetometer to a repetitive short-pulsed pump was investigated. Quantum sub-resonances at a repetition rate of $1/n$ of the Larmor frequency of the magnetic field inside the shield are experimentally observed and theoretically explained. This is a type of synchronization phenomenon. Investigations in single alkali atoms cells as well as mixed alkali atoms of K and Rb are presented. In the later, one species is pumped while the probe is on the other specie polarized by spin exchange. The effect of spin destruction, spin exchange and collisions are studied in order to account for the width of the resonances. Quantum calculations of a three levels $Lambda$ model for this phenomenon exhibit a dip at the resonance frequency in the absorption spectrum for both cases of pulsed and CW pump modes and an evidence for EIT.
{"title":"Optical magnetometer: Quantum resonances at pumping repetition rate of 1/n of the Larmor frequency","authors":"A. Ben-Amar Baranga, A. Gusarov, G. Koganov, D. Levron, R. Shuker","doi":"10.1063/5.0022629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0022629","url":null,"abstract":"The response of a SERF atomic magnetometer to a repetitive short-pulsed pump was investigated. Quantum sub-resonances at a repetition rate of $1/n$ of the Larmor frequency of the magnetic field inside the shield are experimentally observed and theoretically explained. This is a type of synchronization phenomenon. Investigations in single alkali atoms cells as well as mixed alkali atoms of K and Rb are presented. In the later, one species is pumped while the probe is on the other specie polarized by spin exchange. The effect of spin destruction, spin exchange and collisions are studied in order to account for the width of the resonances. Quantum calculations of a three levels $Lambda$ model for this phenomenon exhibit a dip at the resonance frequency in the absorption spectrum for both cases of pulsed and CW pump modes and an evidence for EIT.","PeriodicalId":8441,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Atomic Physics","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84267440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-20DOI: 10.1103/physreva.102.033327
R. Kohn, James A. Stickney
We present an analytical solution to the dynamics of a noninteracting cloud of thermal atoms in a cigar-shaped harmonic trap with a quartic perturbation along the axial direction. We calculate the first and second moments of position, which are sufficient to characterize the trap. The dynamics of the thermal cloud differ notably from those of a single particle, with an offset to the oscillation frequency that persists even as the oscillation amplitude approaches zero. We also present some numerical results that describe the effects of time-of-flight on the behavior of the cloud in order to better understand the results of a hypothetical experimental realization of this system.
{"title":"Dynamics within a tunable harmonic plus quartic waveguide","authors":"R. Kohn, James A. Stickney","doi":"10.1103/physreva.102.033327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.102.033327","url":null,"abstract":"We present an analytical solution to the dynamics of a noninteracting cloud of thermal atoms in a cigar-shaped harmonic trap with a quartic perturbation along the axial direction. We calculate the first and second moments of position, which are sufficient to characterize the trap. The dynamics of the thermal cloud differ notably from those of a single particle, with an offset to the oscillation frequency that persists even as the oscillation amplitude approaches zero. We also present some numerical results that describe the effects of time-of-flight on the behavior of the cloud in order to better understand the results of a hypothetical experimental realization of this system.","PeriodicalId":8441,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Atomic Physics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87495540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-11DOI: 10.1103/physrevapplied.13.054034
Y. Jau, T. Carter
Rydberg-assisted atomic electrometry using alkali-metal atoms contained inside a vacuum environment for detecting external electric fields (E-fields) at frequencies $<$ a few kHz has been quite challenging due to the low-frequency E-field screening effect that is caused by the alkali-metal atoms adsorbed on the inner surface of the container. We report a very slow E-field screening phenomenon with a time scale up to $sim$ second on a rubidium (Rb) vapor cell that is made of monocrystalline sapphire. Using this sapphire-made Rb vapor cell with optically induced, internal bias E-field, we demonstrate vapor-cell-based, low-frequency atomic electrometry that responds to the E-field strength linearly. Limited by the given experimental conditions, this demonstrated atomic electrometer uses an active volume of 11 mm$^3$ and delivers a spectral noise floor around $0.34$ (mV/m)/$sqrt{rm Hz}$ and the 3-dB low cut-off frequency around 770 Hz inside the vapor cell. This work investigates a regime of vapor-cell-based atomic electrometry that was seldom studied before, which may enable more applications that utilize atomic E-field sensing technology.
{"title":"Vapor-Cell-Based Atomic Electrometry for Detection Frequencies below 1 kHz","authors":"Y. Jau, T. Carter","doi":"10.1103/physrevapplied.13.054034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevapplied.13.054034","url":null,"abstract":"Rydberg-assisted atomic electrometry using alkali-metal atoms contained inside a vacuum environment for detecting external electric fields (E-fields) at frequencies $<$ a few kHz has been quite challenging due to the low-frequency E-field screening effect that is caused by the alkali-metal atoms adsorbed on the inner surface of the container. We report a very slow E-field screening phenomenon with a time scale up to $sim$ second on a rubidium (Rb) vapor cell that is made of monocrystalline sapphire. Using this sapphire-made Rb vapor cell with optically induced, internal bias E-field, we demonstrate vapor-cell-based, low-frequency atomic electrometry that responds to the E-field strength linearly. Limited by the given experimental conditions, this demonstrated atomic electrometer uses an active volume of 11 mm$^3$ and delivers a spectral noise floor around $0.34$ (mV/m)/$sqrt{rm Hz}$ and the 3-dB low cut-off frequency around 770 Hz inside the vapor cell. This work investigates a regime of vapor-cell-based atomic electrometry that was seldom studied before, which may enable more applications that utilize atomic E-field sensing technology.","PeriodicalId":8441,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Atomic Physics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90235314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-04DOI: 10.1103/PHYSREVRESEARCH.2.023273
L. Williamson, J. Ruostekoski
Atoms subject to weak coherent incident light can be treated as coupled classical linear oscillators, supporting subradiant and superradiant collective excitation eigenmodes. We identify the limits of validity of this emph{linear classical oscillator model} at increasing intensities of the drive by solving the quantum many-body master equation for coherent and incoherent scattering from a chain of trapped atoms. We show that deviations from the linear classical oscillator model depend sensitively on the resonance linewidths $upsilon_alpha$ of the collective eigenmodes excited by light, with the intensity at which substantial deviation occurs scaling as a powerlaw of $upsilon_alpha$. The linear classical oscillator model then becomes inaccurate at much lower intensities for subradiant collective excitations than superradiant ones, with an example system of seven atoms resulting in critical incident light intensities differing by a factor of 30 between the two cases. By individually exciting eigenmodes we find that this critical intensity has a $upsilon_alpha^{2.5}$ scaling for narrower resonances and more strongly interacting systems, while it approaches a $upsilon_alpha^3$ scaling for broader resonances and when the dipole-dipole interactions are reduced. The $upsilon_alpha^3$ scaling also corresponds to the semiclassical result whereby quantum fluctuations between the atoms have been neglected. We study both the case of perfectly mode-matched drives and the case of standing wave drives, with significant differences between the two cases appearing only at very subradiant modes and positions of Fano resonances.
{"title":"Optical response of atom chains beyond the limit of low light intensity: The validity of the linear classical oscillator model","authors":"L. Williamson, J. Ruostekoski","doi":"10.1103/PHYSREVRESEARCH.2.023273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/PHYSREVRESEARCH.2.023273","url":null,"abstract":"Atoms subject to weak coherent incident light can be treated as coupled classical linear oscillators, supporting subradiant and superradiant collective excitation eigenmodes. We identify the limits of validity of this emph{linear classical oscillator model} at increasing intensities of the drive by solving the quantum many-body master equation for coherent and incoherent scattering from a chain of trapped atoms. We show that deviations from the linear classical oscillator model depend sensitively on the resonance linewidths $upsilon_alpha$ of the collective eigenmodes excited by light, with the intensity at which substantial deviation occurs scaling as a powerlaw of $upsilon_alpha$. The linear classical oscillator model then becomes inaccurate at much lower intensities for subradiant collective excitations than superradiant ones, with an example system of seven atoms resulting in critical incident light intensities differing by a factor of 30 between the two cases. By individually exciting eigenmodes we find that this critical intensity has a $upsilon_alpha^{2.5}$ scaling for narrower resonances and more strongly interacting systems, while it approaches a $upsilon_alpha^3$ scaling for broader resonances and when the dipole-dipole interactions are reduced. The $upsilon_alpha^3$ scaling also corresponds to the semiclassical result whereby quantum fluctuations between the atoms have been neglected. We study both the case of perfectly mode-matched drives and the case of standing wave drives, with significant differences between the two cases appearing only at very subradiant modes and positions of Fano resonances.","PeriodicalId":8441,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Atomic Physics","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76045548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：