Pub Date : 2022-12-07DOI: 10.9734/ajob/2022/v16i2298
S. Kulkarni, S. Joshi, H. Thatoi
Mushrooms are consumed worldwide because of their nutritional, medicinal values as well as pleasant taste and flavour. Wild edible mushrooms are source of livelihood for poor and landless people which they consume and sell the surplus mushrooms in the nearby market. Many people are not aware about the edibility of wild mushrooms which are generally confined to the tribal areas. However, tribals are aware of the edible mushrooms due to their age-old traditional uses and fond of hunting mushrooms during rainy season. The present paper deals with availability, collection, consumption pattern of wild edible mushrooms by tribals communities, along with preservation and economical contribution of Termitomyces heimii, a popular wild edible mushrooms profusely growing during rainy season of the Similipal, state of Odisha, India. Similipal has a greater diversity of mushrooms throughout the length and breadth due to its varying soil and climate conditions. T. heimii collected the tribal people from near forest area in 4-5 different times in huge quantities during July to October. It partly consumed and rest of the mushroom are sold in the market at a price of Rupees 300/- to 400/-. Termitomyces were more frequently available in Sal (Shorea robusta) forests. Many traders visit forest fringe villages and collect this mushroom from local collector’s and sell it in the marker with profit. Due to its taste, the mushroom has got very high demand in this locality that, it is sold within 5-6 hours after reaching to market. It is assessed that mushrooms worth 14 lakhs are sold in Baripada alone a nearly town of Similipal. The valuation T. heimii alone made by the authors during the field assessment showed that, the entire of Similipal is contributing economically nearly 1.2 crore value of mushrooms as contribution towards livelihood of tribal people. In interior areas tribal people preserve the mushrooms after drying it and consume later during after the season is end. During the study, a survey was conducted in villages adjoining to the forests and local markets to assess the quantities of mushrooms collected from forest and the value of selling valve on the market. Exercise was conducted to know the traditional preservation practice of this mushroom by tribals. From the present investigation, it is concluded that T. heimii is an important wild edible mushroom from Similipal which provides, nutrition and economic boost to the tribals in Similipal region. This promising species can be explored for its domestication in view of its preferred food value as well as a livelihood support of the rural poor people.
{"title":"Temitomyces heimii– A Nutritious and Medicinally Important Wild Edible Mushroom of Similipal Forests, Odisha Boosting Tribal Health and Economy","authors":"S. Kulkarni, S. Joshi, H. Thatoi","doi":"10.9734/ajob/2022/v16i2298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajob/2022/v16i2298","url":null,"abstract":"Mushrooms are consumed worldwide because of their nutritional, medicinal values as well as pleasant taste and flavour. Wild edible mushrooms are source of livelihood for poor and landless people which they consume and sell the surplus mushrooms in the nearby market. Many people are not aware about the edibility of wild mushrooms which are generally confined to the tribal areas. However, tribals are aware of the edible mushrooms due to their age-old traditional uses and fond of hunting mushrooms during rainy season. The present paper deals with availability, collection, consumption pattern of wild edible mushrooms by tribals communities, along with preservation and economical contribution of Termitomyces heimii, a popular wild edible mushrooms profusely growing during rainy season of the Similipal, state of Odisha, India. \u0000Similipal has a greater diversity of mushrooms throughout the length and breadth due to its varying soil and climate conditions. T. heimii collected the tribal people from near forest area in 4-5 different times in huge quantities during July to October. It partly consumed and rest of the mushroom are sold in the market at a price of Rupees 300/- to 400/-. Termitomyces were more frequently available in Sal (Shorea robusta) forests. Many traders visit forest fringe villages and collect this mushroom from local collector’s and sell it in the marker with profit. Due to its taste, the mushroom has got very high demand in this locality that, it is sold within 5-6 hours after reaching to market. It is assessed that mushrooms worth 14 lakhs are sold in Baripada alone a nearly town of Similipal. The valuation T. heimii alone made by the authors during the field assessment showed that, the entire of Similipal is contributing economically nearly 1.2 crore value of mushrooms as contribution towards livelihood of tribal people. In interior areas tribal people preserve the mushrooms after drying it and consume later during after the season is end. During the study, a survey was conducted in villages adjoining to the forests and local markets to assess the quantities of mushrooms collected from forest and the value of selling valve on the market. Exercise was conducted to know the traditional preservation practice of this mushroom by tribals. From the present investigation, it is concluded that T. heimii is an important wild edible mushroom from Similipal which provides, nutrition and economic boost to the tribals in Similipal region. This promising species can be explored for its domestication in view of its preferred food value as well as a livelihood support of the rural poor people.","PeriodicalId":8477,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Cell Biology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90826709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-21DOI: 10.9734/ajob/2022/v16i2297
M. Gesraha, A. Ebeid, S. Marei, O. El-Fandary, Atef Abdel-Rahman Aly
Background: Members of Braconidae, i.e., Meteorus spp. assault certain lepidopterous larvae in Egyptian fields. The recorded species M.rubens (gregarious) and M.gyrator (solitary) were the most species reared from some lepidopterous larvae attacking various host plants in two chosen Governorates in Egypt through two experimental years. This work aims to increase the parasitizing efficiency of M.gyrator in fields by releasing an impressive number of parasitoid adults. Methods: Samples of lepidopteran larvae were picked up from the prevailing plants in fields of El-Ghaebia and El-Sharkia Governorates, for two successive years (2020 to 2021). The prevailing plants are: clover, cabbage, okra, tomato, maize, jew's mallow, bean, soybean, cotton, pea, and lettuce. Collected larvae were reared under optimal conditions until their pupation or in anticipation of the migration of the full-grown endoparasitoid's larvae for pupation. Parasitoid’s production: Species of some lepidopterous larvae were reared in the NRC laboratory for large-scale manufacturing of the parasitoid Meteorus gyrator. Results: Acquired results uncover that Agrotis ipsilon was the primary noctuid host larvae of M. rubens during its abundant periods (February-May). While in case of M.gyrator it was recorded in fewer numbers (at its abundant periods, May-August); which was raised from other lepidopteran larvae. The M. rubens parasitism percentage reached 26.50 and 21.79% at El-Gharbia Governorate through the two experimental years, respectively; whereas in the case of M. gyrator it was 2.25% in the 2nd experimental year only. In El-Sharkia, M. rubens parasitism percentage was 18.60 and 28.60%, respectively throughout the two experimental years; while it was 10.00% for M. gyrator in the first year only. Conclusion: To boost the productivity of this solitary internal parasitoid as a bio-control agent, it is mandatory to increase its adults population in any field.
{"title":"Maximizing the Role of the Internal Larval Parasitoid, Meteorus gyrator (Thunberg) in the Open Field as a Biological Control Agent Considering the Effects of Climatic Changes","authors":"M. Gesraha, A. Ebeid, S. Marei, O. El-Fandary, Atef Abdel-Rahman Aly","doi":"10.9734/ajob/2022/v16i2297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajob/2022/v16i2297","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Members of Braconidae, i.e., Meteorus spp. assault certain lepidopterous larvae in Egyptian fields. The recorded species M.rubens (gregarious) and M.gyrator (solitary) were the most species reared from some lepidopterous larvae attacking various host plants in two chosen Governorates in Egypt through two experimental years. This work aims to increase the parasitizing efficiency of M.gyrator in fields by releasing an impressive number of parasitoid adults. \u0000Methods: \u0000 \u0000Samples of lepidopteran larvae were picked up from the prevailing plants in fields of El-Ghaebia and El-Sharkia Governorates, for two successive years (2020 to 2021). The prevailing plants are: clover, cabbage, okra, tomato, maize, jew's mallow, bean, soybean, cotton, pea, and lettuce. Collected larvae were reared under optimal conditions until their pupation or in anticipation of the migration of the full-grown endoparasitoid's larvae for pupation. \u0000Parasitoid’s production: Species of some lepidopterous larvae were reared in the NRC laboratory for large-scale manufacturing of the parasitoid Meteorus gyrator. \u0000 \u0000Results: Acquired results uncover that Agrotis ipsilon was the primary noctuid host larvae of M. rubens during its abundant periods (February-May). While in case of M.gyrator it was recorded in fewer numbers (at its abundant periods, May-August); which was raised from other lepidopteran larvae. \u0000The M. rubens parasitism percentage reached 26.50 and 21.79% at El-Gharbia Governorate through the two experimental years, respectively; whereas in the case of M. gyrator it was 2.25% in the 2nd experimental year only. In El-Sharkia, M. rubens parasitism percentage was 18.60 and 28.60%, respectively throughout the two experimental years; while it was 10.00% for M. gyrator in the first year only. \u0000Conclusion: To boost the productivity of this solitary internal parasitoid as a bio-control agent, it is mandatory to increase its adults population in any field.","PeriodicalId":8477,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Cell Biology","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79067002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-22DOI: 10.9734/ajob/2022/v16i2296
K. C. Nwachukwu, O. C. Ugbogu, N. Nwachukwu
This study was aimed at investigating the biologically active compounds and nutritional compositions in the seed kernels of Opioro and Julie varieties with medicinal qualities. The seed kernels were milled, dissolved in methanol and concentrated with rotary evaporator. The chemical compounds in these extracts were analyzed with Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry while the mineral and proximate compounds were assessed with the methods of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). Both Opioro and Julie did not contain similar chemical compounds. A total of 22 chemical compounds were obtained from Opioro while only 13 compounds were discovered in Julie. Five bioactive compounds from Opioro namely cholest-5-en-3-ol, (3.alpha.) (31.63%), 2-Pyridinamine, N-(4,5-dihydro-5-methyl-2-thiazolyl)-3-methyl- (14.74%), 2-Methyl-7-phenylindole (6.96%), benzo[h]quinoline, 2,4-dimethyl (6.61%) and 7-Methyl -2-phenyl-1H-indole (4.27%) were abundant. In Julie, only Octadecanoic acid, 6-Octadecenoic acid, 1, 2, 3-Benzenetriol and n-Hexadecanoic acid were plentiful with the highest peak percentage of 39.76%, 16.05% and 5.41% respectively. The protein, fibre, moisture and ash contents from Opioro and Julie were not significantly different but, the carbohydrates varied (P<0.05) between 71.36±0.37% and 70.22±0.44% and fats varied (P<0.05) between 7.20±0.48% and 9.21±0.31% respectively. Phosphorus (1610.00±14.00 ppm), calcium (4595.00±7.07 ppm), and magnesium (1984.50±21.92 ppm) were high in Julie while zinc (18.197±0.25), copper (14.960±0.09), iron (319.615±2.28) and manganese (337.940±5.80) were more in Opioro than Julie. The seed kernels of Opioro and Julie have abundant bioactive compounds with medicinal properties. The essential mineral elements and rich proximate compounds in both extracts are potentially required and can be capable of improving the health and nutritional conditions of both humans and animals.
{"title":"Assessment of Biologically Active Components and Nutritional Contents of Seed Kernels of Opioro and Julie Mango Varieties: A Right Step for Drug Discovery","authors":"K. C. Nwachukwu, O. C. Ugbogu, N. Nwachukwu","doi":"10.9734/ajob/2022/v16i2296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajob/2022/v16i2296","url":null,"abstract":"This study was aimed at investigating the biologically active compounds and nutritional compositions in the seed kernels of Opioro and Julie varieties with medicinal qualities. The seed kernels were milled, dissolved in methanol and concentrated with rotary evaporator. The chemical compounds in these extracts were analyzed with Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry while the mineral and proximate compounds were assessed with the methods of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). Both Opioro and Julie did not contain similar chemical compounds. A total of 22 chemical compounds were obtained from Opioro while only 13 compounds were discovered in Julie. Five bioactive compounds from Opioro namely cholest-5-en-3-ol, (3.alpha.) (31.63%), 2-Pyridinamine, N-(4,5-dihydro-5-methyl-2-thiazolyl)-3-methyl- (14.74%), 2-Methyl-7-phenylindole (6.96%), benzo[h]quinoline, 2,4-dimethyl (6.61%) and 7-Methyl -2-phenyl-1H-indole (4.27%) were abundant. In Julie, only Octadecanoic acid, 6-Octadecenoic acid, 1, 2, 3-Benzenetriol and n-Hexadecanoic acid were plentiful with the highest peak percentage of 39.76%, 16.05% and 5.41% respectively. The protein, fibre, moisture and ash contents from Opioro and Julie were not significantly different but, the carbohydrates varied (P<0.05) between 71.36±0.37% and 70.22±0.44% and fats varied (P<0.05) between 7.20±0.48% and 9.21±0.31% respectively. Phosphorus (1610.00±14.00 ppm), calcium (4595.00±7.07 ppm), and magnesium (1984.50±21.92 ppm) were high in Julie while zinc (18.197±0.25), copper (14.960±0.09), iron (319.615±2.28) and manganese (337.940±5.80) were more in Opioro than Julie. The seed kernels of Opioro and Julie have abundant bioactive compounds with medicinal properties. The essential mineral elements and rich proximate compounds in both extracts are potentially required and can be capable of improving the health and nutritional conditions of both humans and animals.","PeriodicalId":8477,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Cell Biology","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81143286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-19DOI: 10.9734/ajob/2022/v16i1295
M. Ibrahim, Sheren Fares Saad, M. Nasser, Samih I. El-Dahmy
Family Solanaceae is one of the largest families in the plant kingdom. A family of 98 genera and over 2700 species; tropical and temperate; herbs, shrubs or small trees. Secondary metabolites of Solanaceae plants, sharing tropane skeleton as a common structural feature, sharply divided into two classes: tropine and ecgonine derivatives. The first group, represented by well-known alkaloids: atropine and scopolamine, which are considered to be model anticholinergic drugs, continues to provide inspiration in the search for more selective muscarinic receptor antagonists. This work, aim to study the biological effect of Hyoscyamus boveanus alkaloid fraction as Antimuscarenic, mydriatic and anti microbial agent. Basal alkaloid fraction was isolated from collected wild plant by using authentic atropine (sigma USA). Fifteen rabbits weighing 1700 – 2000 gram used in this study, divided into three groups (5 each); control (solvent) group, standard (atropine) group and the Hyoscyamus boveanus Dunal basic alkaloid fraction group. Two cm rabbit intestine muscle was isolated to study anti spasmodic activity of the basic alkaloid fraction of Hyoscyamus boveanus Dunal. As well as, anti microbial activity of Hyoscyamus boveanus basal alkaloid fraction was studied. The results revealed that Hyoscyamus boveanus basal alkaloid fraction showed mydriatic, Antimuscarenic and anti microbial activity against gram negative and gram-positive bacteria. In conclusion, Hyoscyamus boveanus Dunal basic alkaloid fraction, showed mydriatic, Antimuscarenic and anti microbial activity against gram negative and gram-positive bacteria.
{"title":"Biological Study on Aerial Parts of Hyoscyamus boveanus (Dunal) Asch. & Schweinf","authors":"M. Ibrahim, Sheren Fares Saad, M. Nasser, Samih I. El-Dahmy","doi":"10.9734/ajob/2022/v16i1295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajob/2022/v16i1295","url":null,"abstract":"Family Solanaceae is one of the largest families in the plant kingdom. A family of 98 genera and over 2700 species; tropical and temperate; herbs, shrubs or small trees. \u0000Secondary metabolites of Solanaceae plants, sharing tropane skeleton as a common structural feature, sharply divided into two classes: tropine and ecgonine derivatives. The first group, represented by well-known alkaloids: atropine and scopolamine, which are considered to be model anticholinergic drugs, continues to provide inspiration in the search for more selective muscarinic receptor antagonists. This work, aim to study the biological effect of Hyoscyamus boveanus alkaloid fraction as Antimuscarenic, mydriatic and anti microbial agent. Basal alkaloid fraction was isolated from collected wild plant by using authentic atropine (sigma USA). Fifteen rabbits weighing 1700 – 2000 gram used in this study, divided into three groups (5 each); control (solvent) group, standard (atropine) group and the Hyoscyamus boveanus Dunal basic alkaloid fraction group. Two cm rabbit intestine muscle was isolated to study anti spasmodic activity of the basic alkaloid fraction of Hyoscyamus boveanus Dunal. As well as, anti microbial activity of Hyoscyamus boveanus basal alkaloid fraction was studied. The results revealed that Hyoscyamus boveanus basal alkaloid fraction showed mydriatic, Antimuscarenic and anti microbial activity against gram negative and gram-positive bacteria. In conclusion, Hyoscyamus boveanus Dunal basic alkaloid fraction, showed mydriatic, Antimuscarenic and anti microbial activity against gram negative and gram-positive bacteria.","PeriodicalId":8477,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Cell Biology","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76921310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-10DOI: 10.9734/ajob/2022/v16i1294
Sanjeet Kumar, A. Mishra, Sanath Kumar N., S. Mishra
Bonai Forest Division is rich in flora and faunal species. The fertile forest-dominated areas provide a good platform for growing wild mushrooms. The locals collect them for food, medicine, and economic purposes. Addressing the economic value of wild mushrooms will provide a platform for value addition and management of forest & wildlife in Bonai Forest Division, Odisha. Considering the importance of wild mushrooms in the day-to-day lives of tribal communities of the division, an attempt has been made to enumerate the mushrooms having economic values. A survey was carried out during 2021-2022 in 7 ranges. 15 wild mushrooms were identified as having economic value. Rugda mushrooms are the most popular of the 15, and can be sold for up to Rs. 1800 per kg. The present study brings attention to the urgent need for value additions to these mushrooms for the sustainable development of the local communities.
{"title":"Economically Important Wild Edible Mushrooms of Bonai Forest Division, Odisha, India","authors":"Sanjeet Kumar, A. Mishra, Sanath Kumar N., S. Mishra","doi":"10.9734/ajob/2022/v16i1294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajob/2022/v16i1294","url":null,"abstract":"Bonai Forest Division is rich in flora and faunal species. The fertile forest-dominated areas provide a good platform for growing wild mushrooms. The locals collect them for food, medicine, and economic purposes. Addressing the economic value of wild mushrooms will provide a platform for value addition and management of forest & wildlife in Bonai Forest Division, Odisha. Considering the importance of wild mushrooms in the day-to-day lives of tribal communities of the division, an attempt has been made to enumerate the mushrooms having economic values. A survey was carried out during 2021-2022 in 7 ranges. 15 wild mushrooms were identified as having economic value. Rugda mushrooms are the most popular of the 15, and can be sold for up to Rs. 1800 per kg. The present study brings attention to the urgent need for value additions to these mushrooms for the sustainable development of the local communities.","PeriodicalId":8477,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Cell Biology","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73612815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-29DOI: 10.9734/ajob/2022/v16i1293
S. Adegoke
Transmission of pathogens through water is of grave public health concern. Bacteria are of major concern because of the pathogenicity and etiologic agents of life threatening infections. The multidrug resistant (MDR) bacterial status of the borehole water samples from Kogi State University, Anyigba was studied. The samples ten each from point A and B were collected from two main borehole water sources and analyzed for MDR bacteria. A total of seven isolates (Echerichia coli, Bacillus sp, Klebsiella sp, Pseudomonas sp, Staphylococcus sp, Streptococcus sp and Salmonella sp) were identified by standard microbiological methods. Phenotypic identification of antibiotic resistance profile using the disk diffusion method was carried out. Pseudomonas sp, Streptococcus sp, Staphylococcus sp, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella sp. were found to be 100% resistant to all the imported antibiotics while 55.6% and 66.7% resistance were recorded for Salmonella sp. and Bacillus sp respectively. Percentage resistance to all indigenous antibiotics recorded were 40% for Pseudomonas sp., 30% for Salmonella sp, 40% for Escherichia coli, 30% for Klebsiella sp, 20% for Staphylococcus sp, 20% for Streptococcus sp, and 10% for Bacillus sp. The results showed that all the isolates were multi drug resistant (MDR) and the presence of these organisms poses great risk to the university community as well as individuals that consume the water and use for other domestic purposes.
{"title":"Multi-Drug Resistant Bacterial Status of Borehole Water in Kogi State University, Anyigba, Nigeria","authors":"S. Adegoke","doi":"10.9734/ajob/2022/v16i1293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajob/2022/v16i1293","url":null,"abstract":"Transmission of pathogens through water is of grave public health concern. Bacteria are of major concern because of the pathogenicity and etiologic agents of life threatening infections. \u0000The multidrug resistant (MDR) bacterial status of the borehole water samples from Kogi State University, Anyigba was studied. The samples ten each from point A and B were collected from two main borehole water sources and analyzed for MDR bacteria. A total of seven isolates (Echerichia coli, Bacillus sp, Klebsiella sp, Pseudomonas sp, Staphylococcus sp, Streptococcus sp and Salmonella sp) were identified by standard microbiological methods. Phenotypic identification of antibiotic resistance profile using the disk diffusion method was carried out. Pseudomonas sp, Streptococcus sp, Staphylococcus sp, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella sp. were found to be 100% resistant to all the imported antibiotics while 55.6% and 66.7% resistance were recorded for Salmonella sp. and Bacillus sp respectively. Percentage resistance to all indigenous antibiotics recorded were 40% for Pseudomonas sp., 30% for Salmonella sp, 40% for Escherichia coli, 30% for Klebsiella sp, 20% for Staphylococcus sp, 20% for Streptococcus sp, and 10% for Bacillus sp. The results showed that all the isolates were multi drug resistant (MDR) and the presence of these organisms poses great risk to the university community as well as individuals that consume the water and use for other domestic purposes.","PeriodicalId":8477,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Cell Biology","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81614398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-28DOI: 10.9734/ajob/2022/v16i1292
Smriti Verma, S. Joshi, D. Rawat
Objective: Regular assessment of invasive species is essential to understand the status of flora in any area. The current study is the result of a floristic survey of wild dicotyledonous angiospermic plants of Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India. Methods: For the study, field surveys were conducted from the year 2016-2022. Plant specimens were collected, dried, poisoned and herbarium were prepared. Specimens were identified with the help of various Floras. Results: Anthropogenic stresses on the vegetation are on high in the area in the form of intensive agricultural farming, industrial activities, university campus activities, roads and traffic, parks and playgrounds and continuous removal of natural wild vegetation. The natural tarai vegetation of the region is nearly lost or found in patches while a major portion of the vegetation is composed of invasive alien plant species (IAPS). Two assessments of invasive alien angiosperm species have been carried out in the area during the last decade in 2011 and 2015. These assessments reported the presence of 52 species [16] and 85 species [17] of invasive alien dicot plants. The current study, however, reveals the presence of 105 invasive alien dicot species (IADS) from the study region. This large increment of more than 23 % in the IADS in such a short span of time reflects the poor state of natural vegetation and high degree of anthropogenic activities in the area. The nativity analysis revealed the dominance of South American elements (53.33%) in the invasive alien dicot flora of the study region, followed by Tropical American, African and North American elements.
{"title":"Diversity of Invasive Alien Dicot Species in Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India","authors":"Smriti Verma, S. Joshi, D. Rawat","doi":"10.9734/ajob/2022/v16i1292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajob/2022/v16i1292","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Regular assessment of invasive species is essential to understand the status of flora in any area. The current study is the result of a floristic survey of wild dicotyledonous angiospermic plants of Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India. \u0000Methods: For the study, field surveys were conducted from the year 2016-2022. Plant specimens were collected, dried, poisoned and herbarium were prepared. Specimens were identified with the help of various Floras. \u0000Results: Anthropogenic stresses on the vegetation are on high in the area in the form of intensive agricultural farming, industrial activities, university campus activities, roads and traffic, parks and playgrounds and continuous removal of natural wild vegetation. The natural tarai vegetation of the region is nearly lost or found in patches while a major portion of the vegetation is composed of invasive alien plant species (IAPS). Two assessments of invasive alien angiosperm species have been carried out in the area during the last decade in 2011 and 2015. These assessments reported the presence of 52 species [16] and 85 species [17] of invasive alien dicot plants. The current study, however, reveals the presence of 105 invasive alien dicot species (IADS) from the study region. This large increment of more than 23 % in the IADS in such a short span of time reflects the poor state of natural vegetation and high degree of anthropogenic activities in the area. The nativity analysis revealed the dominance of South American elements (53.33%) in the invasive alien dicot flora of the study region, followed by Tropical American, African and North American elements.","PeriodicalId":8477,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Cell Biology","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89677584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-16DOI: 10.9734/ajob/2022/v16i130249
G. Aoun, Wissam Sharrouf
The pterygopalatine fossa, located on both sides of the skull, is a neurovascular crossroad between the middle cranial fossa, the orbit, the nasopharynx, the nasal and oral cavities, and the infratemporal fossa. It is considered a strategically complex region given its small size and the numerous structures that pass through it. This review aims to describe its skeletal framework, content, and communications with other regions.
{"title":"The Pterygopalatine Fossa: Skeletal Framework, Communications and Content","authors":"G. Aoun, Wissam Sharrouf","doi":"10.9734/ajob/2022/v16i130249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajob/2022/v16i130249","url":null,"abstract":"The pterygopalatine fossa, located on both sides of the skull, is a neurovascular crossroad between the middle cranial fossa, the orbit, the nasopharynx, the nasal and oral cavities, and the infratemporal fossa. It is considered a strategically complex region given its small size and the numerous structures that pass through it. This review aims to describe its skeletal framework, content, and communications with other regions.","PeriodicalId":8477,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Cell Biology","volume":"208 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73581996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-10DOI: 10.9734/ajob/2022/v15i430248
A. O. Ume, N. Egbe, P. Vantsawa, Godson Ofobuike Eze, A. I. Alhaji, Zahra’u Umar, Blessing B. Timothy
Gel electrophoresis technique is an indispensable tool in biotechnology and among other related fields for separation of nucleic acids and proteins. This study determined the potential of selected cassava and sweet potato starch in the separation of DNA as alternative to agarose gel. The sample pH, gelling temperature and time were determined by Light transmittance method proposed by Craig et al. [1] Standard electrophoresis procedure was used for the starch gel electrophoresis. The result showed that composite starch gelled within 18-21 minutes while agarose and agar-agar gelled after 12 minutes. Cassava starch blended with agar-agar gelled at a temperature of 58oC while sweet potato starch blended with agar-agar gelled between 35oC - 47oC. Agarose and agar-agar maintained 54oC and 53oC respectively. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in pH value of the composite starch when compared to 1% agarose gel. Unblended starch samples did not form solid gel except when blended with some amount of agar-agar or agarose powder. Cassava and sweet potato composite starch formed good gel strength at 3% (2.2 g of starch and 0.8 g of agar-agar) but solid gel at 4% (3.6 g of starch and 0.8 g of agar-agar). This study demonstrated the possibilities for agarose cost reduction by 60% when cassava starch (3.6 g) was blended with 0.4 g of agarose. The cassava composite starch (4%) separated DNA molecules comparably to that of 1% agarose. Therefore, the use of these cheaper, accessible and readily available blended starch sources is highly recommended for separation of biomolecules such as DNA.
{"title":"Evaluation of Cassava (Manihot esculenta) and Sweet Potato (Ipomea batatas) Starch from South East Nigeria in the Separation of Deoxyribonucleic Acids as Alternative to Agarose Gel","authors":"A. O. Ume, N. Egbe, P. Vantsawa, Godson Ofobuike Eze, A. I. Alhaji, Zahra’u Umar, Blessing B. Timothy","doi":"10.9734/ajob/2022/v15i430248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajob/2022/v15i430248","url":null,"abstract":"Gel electrophoresis technique is an indispensable tool in biotechnology and among other related fields for separation of nucleic acids and proteins. This study determined the potential of selected cassava and sweet potato starch in the separation of DNA as alternative to agarose gel. The sample pH, gelling temperature and time were determined by Light transmittance method proposed by Craig et al. [1] Standard electrophoresis procedure was used for the starch gel electrophoresis. The result showed that composite starch gelled within 18-21 minutes while agarose and agar-agar gelled after 12 minutes. Cassava starch blended with agar-agar gelled at a temperature of 58oC while sweet potato starch blended with agar-agar gelled between 35oC - 47oC. Agarose and agar-agar maintained 54oC and 53oC respectively. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in pH value of the composite starch when compared to 1% agarose gel. Unblended starch samples did not form solid gel except when blended with some amount of agar-agar or agarose powder. Cassava and sweet potato composite starch formed good gel strength at 3% (2.2 g of starch and 0.8 g of agar-agar) but solid gel at 4% (3.6 g of starch and 0.8 g of agar-agar). This study demonstrated the possibilities for agarose cost reduction by 60% when cassava starch (3.6 g) was blended with 0.4 g of agarose. The cassava composite starch (4%) separated DNA molecules comparably to that of 1% agarose. Therefore, the use of these cheaper, accessible and readily available blended starch sources is highly recommended for separation of biomolecules such as DNA.","PeriodicalId":8477,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Cell Biology","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90653099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-06DOI: 10.9734/ajob/2022/v15i430247
O. O. Efunwole, T. A. Ihum, O. R. Adebayo, A. Adedokun, I. A. Adetuberu, O. Oladipupo
Rice (Oryza sativa) is an important annual crop in Nigeria. It is one of the major staples, which can provide a nation’s population with the required food security of 2,400 calories per person per day. In Nigeria rice is one of the few food items whose consumption has no cultural, religious, ethnic or geographical boundary. Fermented rice is used to produce rice wine, spaghetti and noodles. Work was then carried out on the Nigerian rice var. ITA 150 (ofada) to determine the bacteriological and physicochemical activities during fermentation. Standard microbiological and chemical methods were used. Six microorganisms were isolated which include; Bacillus cereus, Micrococcus luteus Lactobacillus plantarum, Staphylococcus aureus, Leuconcostoc mesenteroides, and Bacillus licheniformis. It was observed that the microbial loads increased till the 72nd hours of fermentation except Staphylococcus aureus and Micrococcus luteus that their loads decreased after the 72nd hours. There was an increase in the moisture, fibre, fat and protein contents, while carbohydrate, ash and anti-nutrients contents decreased. It was evident that fermentation process contributes to the bacteriological and physicochemical properties of the fermented rice in the production of another consumable product like rice wine, kunnu –zaki, spaghetti and the noodles.
{"title":"Effect of Fermentation on Bacteriological and Physicochemical Properties of ‘Ofada” Rice","authors":"O. O. Efunwole, T. A. Ihum, O. R. Adebayo, A. Adedokun, I. A. Adetuberu, O. Oladipupo","doi":"10.9734/ajob/2022/v15i430247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajob/2022/v15i430247","url":null,"abstract":"Rice (Oryza sativa) is an important annual crop in Nigeria. It is one of the major staples, which can provide a nation’s population with the required food security of 2,400 calories per person per day. In Nigeria rice is one of the few food items whose consumption has no cultural, religious, ethnic or geographical boundary. Fermented rice is used to produce rice wine, spaghetti and noodles. Work was then carried out on the Nigerian rice var. ITA 150 (ofada) to determine the bacteriological and physicochemical activities during fermentation. Standard microbiological and chemical methods were used. Six microorganisms were isolated which include; Bacillus cereus, Micrococcus luteus Lactobacillus plantarum, Staphylococcus aureus, Leuconcostoc mesenteroides, and Bacillus licheniformis. It was observed that the microbial loads increased till the 72nd hours of fermentation except Staphylococcus aureus and Micrococcus luteus that their loads decreased after the 72nd hours. There was an increase in the moisture, fibre, fat and protein contents, while carbohydrate, ash and anti-nutrients contents decreased. It was evident that fermentation process contributes to the bacteriological and physicochemical properties of the fermented rice in the production of another consumable product like rice wine, kunnu –zaki, spaghetti and the noodles.","PeriodicalId":8477,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Cell Biology","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87920672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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