Pub Date : 2022-09-05DOI: 10.9734/ajob/2022/v15i430246
Sanjeet Kumar, A. Mishra, S. Mishra, Sugimani Marndi
In forest-dominated areas, the local communities depend on forests for their food, medicine, and livelihood. Seasonal livelihoods are observed mostly in these areas. Wild edible mushrooms are a seasonal source of livelihood and food for tribal communities. Keeping the importance of wild mushrooms in providing livelihood opportunities, an attempt has been made to document the economically important wild edible mushrooms of Mayurbhanj, Odisha, India. Results revealed that about 10 species are collected from the forest which are used to sell in weekly markets and roadsides of the study areas. Among the enumerated wild mushrooms, the highest price was observed with “Rugda/Phutka” mushrooms (Astraeus hygrometricus). It was noticed that Termitomyces microcarpus is the first choice of the sellers and buyers too. The Amanita egregia is also very much popular among the buyers due to good yield and palatability. The paper highlights the importance of wild mushrooms as Non-Timber Forest Produces and recommends that there is need of value addition of economically important wild mushrooms for sustainable livelihood opportunities.
{"title":"Economic Importance of Wild Mushrooms in Mayurbhanj District, Odisha, India","authors":"Sanjeet Kumar, A. Mishra, S. Mishra, Sugimani Marndi","doi":"10.9734/ajob/2022/v15i430246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajob/2022/v15i430246","url":null,"abstract":"In forest-dominated areas, the local communities depend on forests for their food, medicine, and livelihood. Seasonal livelihoods are observed mostly in these areas. Wild edible mushrooms are a seasonal source of livelihood and food for tribal communities. Keeping the importance of wild mushrooms in providing livelihood opportunities, an attempt has been made to document the economically important wild edible mushrooms of Mayurbhanj, Odisha, India. Results revealed that about 10 species are collected from the forest which are used to sell in weekly markets and roadsides of the study areas. Among the enumerated wild mushrooms, the highest price was observed with “Rugda/Phutka” mushrooms (Astraeus hygrometricus). It was noticed that Termitomyces microcarpus is the first choice of the sellers and buyers too. The Amanita egregia is also very much popular among the buyers due to good yield and palatability. The paper highlights the importance of wild mushrooms as Non-Timber Forest Produces and recommends that there is need of value addition of economically important wild mushrooms for sustainable livelihood opportunities.","PeriodicalId":8477,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Cell Biology","volume":"142 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82306430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-31DOI: 10.9734/ajob/2022/v15i430245
A. Adu, O. Aderinola, A. Ogbe, T. Giwa, I. O. Salaam
The levels of heavy metals and their effect on the DNA of Capsicum annuum collected from dumpsite (in Ojota) and farmland (in Badagry) in Lagos, Nigeria, were examined using standard procedures. The results of concentration of heavy metals in the soil for the farmland and dumpsite respectively are: Zn (882.0 ±0.006mg/kg, 14316.8±1.009mg/kg), Cr (2.006 ±0.002mg/kg,3.888± 0.002mg/kg), Cd (0.098 ± 0.001mg/kg, 0.644 ± 0.002mg/kg), Cu (0.206± 0.001mg/kg, 0.997 ± 0.001mg/kg) and Pb (0.005 ± 0.003mg/kg, 0.843± 0.002mg/kg) respectively. The values of N (3153.6± 0.008mg/kg, 4191.2± 0.006mg/kg), P (7598.3 ± 0.009mg/kg, 8794.5 ± 0.003mg/kg) and K (113.56 ± 0.004mg/kg, 532.12 ± 0.004mg/kg) were recorded in the soil from farmland and dumpsite respectively. While the values of N, P, and K in soil from dumpsite were higher (p<0.05) than that from farmland, the only value of Zn in the soil of dumpsite was significantly higher than in soil from farmland. Similarly, the values of all metals except Zn recorded in the leaf, stem, and root of C. annuum showed no significant difference between the sample collected from dumpsites and farmland. The values of Zn in leaf, stem, and root of C. annuum from farmland were significantly higher (p<0.05) than that of the dumpsite. The DNA bands of the Capsicum annuum from the control site have a clearer band spectrum than that from the dumpsite site, however, there was no DNA mutation. In conclusion, C. annuum collected from both farmland (in Badagry) and dumpsite (in Ojota) contained minerals and heavy metals whose concentrations were still within standard permissible limits. Thus, C. annuum from both sites is safe for human consumption.
{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Heavy Metals Concentration in Soil and Vegetable (Capsicum annum) Collected from Two Sampling Sites (Farmland and Dumpsite) and the Effect on Plant DNA","authors":"A. Adu, O. Aderinola, A. Ogbe, T. Giwa, I. O. Salaam","doi":"10.9734/ajob/2022/v15i430245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajob/2022/v15i430245","url":null,"abstract":"The levels of heavy metals and their effect on the DNA of Capsicum annuum collected from dumpsite (in Ojota) and farmland (in Badagry) in Lagos, Nigeria, were examined using standard procedures. \u0000The results of concentration of heavy metals in the soil for the farmland and dumpsite respectively are: Zn (882.0 ±0.006mg/kg, 14316.8±1.009mg/kg), Cr (2.006 ±0.002mg/kg,3.888± 0.002mg/kg), Cd (0.098 ± 0.001mg/kg, 0.644 ± 0.002mg/kg), Cu (0.206± 0.001mg/kg, 0.997 ± 0.001mg/kg) and Pb (0.005 ± 0.003mg/kg, 0.843± 0.002mg/kg) respectively. The values of N (3153.6± 0.008mg/kg, 4191.2± 0.006mg/kg), P (7598.3 ± 0.009mg/kg, 8794.5 ± 0.003mg/kg) and K (113.56 ± 0.004mg/kg, 532.12 ± 0.004mg/kg) were recorded in the soil from farmland and dumpsite respectively. While the values of N, P, and K in soil from dumpsite were higher (p<0.05) than that from farmland, the only value of Zn in the soil of dumpsite was significantly higher than in soil from farmland. Similarly, the values of all metals except Zn recorded in the leaf, stem, and root of C. annuum showed no significant difference between the sample collected from dumpsites and farmland. The values of Zn in leaf, stem, and root of C. annuum from farmland were significantly higher (p<0.05) than that of the dumpsite. The DNA bands of the Capsicum annuum from the control site have a clearer band spectrum than that from the dumpsite site, however, there was no DNA mutation. In conclusion, C. annuum collected from both farmland (in Badagry) and dumpsite (in Ojota) contained minerals and heavy metals whose concentrations were still within standard permissible limits. Thus, C. annuum from both sites is safe for human consumption.","PeriodicalId":8477,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Cell Biology","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77745786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-29DOI: 10.9734/ajob/2022/v15i430244
Robert, Imo U., Sam, Sunday M., Okon, Joseph E.
The plant species Triumfetta tomentosa Boj. and Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq using Standard procedures were investigated on morphological characters. The morphological assessment of the species revealed great similarities in their habit, indumentum, nature and type of stem and leaf apices. The differences were seen in their habitat and the number of flowers in the racemose inflorescence. In the foliar anatomy of the species, anisocytic stomata type, the presence of stellate trichomes on both surfaces and the presence of calcium crystals were common in both species. The differences existed in the amphistomatic distribution in T. rhomboidea and hypostomatic distribution in T. tomentosa. The number, length and width of the stomata, stomata pore and guard cells, the number, length and width of the epidermal cells of and the length of trichomes varied greatly in both species. A combination of morphological and anatomical data alongside others bring about authentication in the delimitation of taxa.
{"title":"Comparative Morpho-Anatomical Investigation of Leaves of Triumfetta tomentosa Boj. and Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq.","authors":"Robert, Imo U., Sam, Sunday M., Okon, Joseph E.","doi":"10.9734/ajob/2022/v15i430244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajob/2022/v15i430244","url":null,"abstract":"The plant species Triumfetta tomentosa Boj. and Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq using Standard procedures were investigated on morphological characters. The morphological assessment of the species revealed great similarities in their habit, indumentum, nature and type of stem and leaf apices. The differences were seen in their habitat and the number of flowers in the racemose inflorescence. In the foliar anatomy of the species, anisocytic stomata type, the presence of stellate trichomes on both surfaces and the presence of calcium crystals were common in both species. The differences existed in the amphistomatic distribution in T. rhomboidea and hypostomatic distribution in T. tomentosa. The number, length and width of the stomata, stomata pore and guard cells, the number, length and width of the epidermal cells of and the length of trichomes varied greatly in both species. A combination of morphological and anatomical data alongside others bring about authentication in the delimitation of taxa.","PeriodicalId":8477,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Cell Biology","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86576927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-26DOI: 10.9734/ajob/2022/v15i330242
M. Raju, R. Manisha, N. Suvarchala Reddy V, P. S. Simharayullu
The present research is focused on screening In vivo anti-inflammatory activity using carrageen and formalin induced paw edema model in rodents and In silico approaches like docking studies (mcule), Ramchandran plot (procheck) and PASS. The extract significantly inhibited inflammation caused by carrageenan and formalin at doses of 200 mg and 400 mg/kg body weight which is compared to the the effect of the standard drugs meloxicam and indomethacin. Docking studies for natural compounds were carried out against PDB ID: 2AZ5, PDB ID: 1IBC, PDB ID: 6COX, and PDB ID: 4NOS in order to assess the ligand-binding affinity of the active principles of the extract. The docking results showed that the phytoconstituents from the extract and standard drugs meloxicam and indomethacin had shown highest glide scores with all the selected proteins which indicate a greater affinity for binding between receptor and ligand. From the PASS results the possible interventions of selected active constituents of Alstonia scholaris were found to be anti- inflammatory intestinal, Prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase inhibitor, TNF expression inhibitor, Cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 inhibitors, NOS2 expression inhibitor, and Interleukin1 and 6 antagonists. From the prediction results of adverse effects the constituents like Stigmasterol, Diospyrolide, D-Friedoolean-14-en-3-one and Lupeol acetate were found to be free from any adverse effects. All the constituents of Alstonia scholaris were found to have interventions either as direct targets or possible targets with Histamine H2 receptor, Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase, Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 3 TNF-alpha, Cyclooxygenase 1, Prostanoid EP2 receptor, Prostaglandin E synthase, and Serotonin 1e (5-HT1e) receptor. From In vivo and In silico results it is evident that ethanolic bark extract of Alstonia scholaris possessed significant anti-inflammatory activity.
{"title":"In vivo and In silico Anti Inflammatory Studies of Alstonia scholaris Bark Extract","authors":"M. Raju, R. Manisha, N. Suvarchala Reddy V, P. S. Simharayullu","doi":"10.9734/ajob/2022/v15i330242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajob/2022/v15i330242","url":null,"abstract":"The present research is focused on screening In vivo anti-inflammatory activity using carrageen and formalin induced paw edema model in rodents and In silico approaches like docking studies (mcule), Ramchandran plot (procheck) and PASS. The extract significantly inhibited inflammation caused by carrageenan and formalin at doses of 200 mg and 400 mg/kg body weight which is compared to the the effect of the standard drugs meloxicam and indomethacin. Docking studies for natural compounds were carried out against PDB ID: 2AZ5, PDB ID: 1IBC, PDB ID: 6COX, and PDB ID: 4NOS in order to assess the ligand-binding affinity of the active principles of the extract. The docking results showed that the phytoconstituents from the extract and standard drugs meloxicam and indomethacin had shown highest glide scores with all the selected proteins which indicate a greater affinity for binding between receptor and ligand. From the PASS results the possible interventions of selected active constituents of Alstonia scholaris were found to be anti- inflammatory intestinal, Prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase inhibitor, TNF expression inhibitor, Cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 inhibitors, NOS2 expression inhibitor, and Interleukin1 and 6 antagonists. From the prediction results of adverse effects the constituents like Stigmasterol, Diospyrolide, D-Friedoolean-14-en-3-one and Lupeol acetate were found to be free from any adverse effects. All the constituents of Alstonia scholaris were found to have interventions either as direct targets or possible targets with Histamine H2 receptor, Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase, Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 3 TNF-alpha, Cyclooxygenase 1, Prostanoid EP2 receptor, Prostaglandin E synthase, and Serotonin 1e (5-HT1e) receptor. From In vivo and In silico results it is evident that ethanolic bark extract of Alstonia scholaris possessed significant anti-inflammatory activity.","PeriodicalId":8477,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Cell Biology","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81839307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-25DOI: 10.9734/ajob/2022/v15i330241
Anna Martin Udo, O. Okon, E. Okey
This study aimed at the isolation and characterizion of endophytic fungi inhabiting halophytes (Nypa fruticans and Rhizophora racemosa) growing in mangrove ecosystem of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. The physico-chemical parameters of the rhizospheric soils revealed EC (5.11, 5.41 and 5.01 dS/m), pH (5.1, 5.0 and 5.2), Na (2.26, 2.28 and 2.15 Cmol/kg) respectively. The identified strains were categorized into the phyla Ascomycota. At the genus level, Aspergillus (16 strains) accounted for the highest proportion followed by Penicillium (13 strains) and Fusarium (8 strains). The genera of the endophytic fungi isolated from the halophytic plants were Talaromyces, Aspergillus, Neosartorya, Purpureocillium, Fusarium and Penicillium. The six species isolated and characterized were; Talaromyces albobiverticillius (1), Aspergillus aculeatus (2), Aspergillus fumigatus (3), Fusarium equiseti (4) and Penicillium citrinum (5 and 6). The result from this study demonstrates the existence of fungal endophytes which have great potential in plant productivity. Additionally, this work creates a baseline study in the said study area; this will enable further researches emphasizing the importance of endophytic fungi in agricultural sectors as an eco-friendly biofertilizer to improve plant growth performance and defense as an alternative to inorganic fertilizers which have detrimental effects on both plants and the environment.
{"title":"Isolation and Characterization of Endophytic Fungi from Halophytes in Mangrove Community, Akwa Ibom State - Nigeria","authors":"Anna Martin Udo, O. Okon, E. Okey","doi":"10.9734/ajob/2022/v15i330241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajob/2022/v15i330241","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed at the isolation and characterizion of endophytic fungi inhabiting halophytes (Nypa fruticans and Rhizophora racemosa) growing in mangrove ecosystem of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. The physico-chemical parameters of the rhizospheric soils revealed EC (5.11, 5.41 and 5.01 dS/m), pH (5.1, 5.0 and 5.2), Na (2.26, 2.28 and 2.15 Cmol/kg) respectively. The identified strains were categorized into the phyla Ascomycota. At the genus level, Aspergillus (16 strains) accounted for the highest proportion followed by Penicillium (13 strains) and Fusarium (8 strains). The genera of the endophytic fungi isolated from the halophytic plants were Talaromyces, Aspergillus, Neosartorya, Purpureocillium, Fusarium and Penicillium. The six species isolated and characterized were; Talaromyces albobiverticillius (1), Aspergillus aculeatus (2), Aspergillus fumigatus (3), Fusarium equiseti (4) and Penicillium citrinum (5 and 6). The result from this study demonstrates the existence of fungal endophytes which have great potential in plant productivity. Additionally, this work creates a baseline study in the said study area; this will enable further researches emphasizing the importance of endophytic fungi in agricultural sectors as an eco-friendly biofertilizer to improve plant growth performance and defense as an alternative to inorganic fertilizers which have detrimental effects on both plants and the environment.","PeriodicalId":8477,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Cell Biology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89679580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-25DOI: 10.9734/ajob/2022/v15i330240
J. Ihuma, A. Z. Koggie, T. Famojuro, L. O. Ugboji, T. D. Malgwi
Aims: The aim of this study is to determine the antimicrobial activities of Ficus sycomorus leave extract on selected bacteria. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of tannins, saponins, alkaloids and flavonoids, it also revealed the absence of glycoside. Place and Duration of Study: Microbiology laboratory, Biological Sciences Department, Bingham University Karu, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Methodology: Plant extracts were prepared by boiling, soaking and methanol extraction. 96-well plates dilution method for determination of Minimum Inhibition Concentraction (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were carried out. Results: The MBC for Helicobacter pylori and Citrobacter freundii showed antimicrobial activities at 400 µl each. The plant has exhibited strong antimicrobial activity on Helicobacter pylori and Citrobacter freundii. Conclusion: The antimicrobial compounds produced by plant extracts are active against bacteria. It is expected that plant extracts showing target sites other than those used by antibiotics will be active against drug-resistant microorganisms.
{"title":"Antimicrobial Activities of the Leaf Extracts of Ficus sycomorus Linn. on Helicobacter pylori and Citrobacter freundii","authors":"J. Ihuma, A. Z. Koggie, T. Famojuro, L. O. Ugboji, T. D. Malgwi","doi":"10.9734/ajob/2022/v15i330240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajob/2022/v15i330240","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: The aim of this study is to determine the antimicrobial activities of Ficus sycomorus leave extract on selected bacteria. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of tannins, saponins, alkaloids and flavonoids, it also revealed the absence of glycoside. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Microbiology laboratory, Biological Sciences Department, Bingham University Karu, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. \u0000Methodology: Plant extracts were prepared by boiling, soaking and methanol extraction. 96-well plates dilution method for determination of Minimum Inhibition Concentraction (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were carried out. \u0000Results: The MBC for Helicobacter pylori and Citrobacter freundii showed antimicrobial activities at 400 µl each. The plant has exhibited strong antimicrobial activity on Helicobacter pylori and Citrobacter freundii. \u0000Conclusion: The antimicrobial compounds produced by plant extracts are active against bacteria. It is expected that plant extracts showing target sites other than those used by antibiotics will be active against drug-resistant microorganisms.","PeriodicalId":8477,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Cell Biology","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84936677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-24DOI: 10.9734/ajob/2022/v15i330239
N. Philip, J. Okon, E. Okey
The comparative studies of phytochemical properties and antifungal activities of different plant extracts; Ageratum conyzoides L., Phyllanthus amarus Schum. & Thonn, Senna alata (L.) Roxb. and Mangifera indica L. on infected fruit of Carica papaya was carried out using standard methods for analysis of all the tested parameters. The test was conducted using the selected plant extracts at five different concentrations (100 - 500mg/ml) against the isolated fungi. Molecular analysis was done to identify the isolated fungi. The results of the qualitative phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloid, tannins, saponins, phenols and flavonoid in all the plant extracts. The quantitative phytochemical screening results showed varying quantities of alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids and phenols present in the extracts. The quantitative screening showed that A. conyzoides had the highest quantity of the constituents present in its extracts. Four fungal pathogens were isolated from paw-paw fruits and were identified as Rhizopus species, Aspergillus glavus, Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium species. The results of the antimicrobial assay on fungi isolated from infected pawpaw fruits showed that inhibition of fungal growth increased with a corresponding increase in concentration for all the fungal isolates. Penicillium species showed resistance to all the extracts. A. conyzoides showed the highest inhibition from 200mg/ml for the isolates followed by P.amarus. Molecular analysis identified the isolates as Rhizopus arrhizopus, R. delemar, R. oryzae and Aspergillus clavatus. The phylogenetic tree showed that Rhizopus oryzae, R. delemar, R arrhizus are closely related. A. conyzoides and P. amarus can be used to minimize the infection of paw-paw fruit by microbes.
{"title":"Comparative Study on Phytochemical Properties and Antifungal Activities of Different Plant Extracts on Infected Fruit of Carica papaya","authors":"N. Philip, J. Okon, E. Okey","doi":"10.9734/ajob/2022/v15i330239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajob/2022/v15i330239","url":null,"abstract":"The comparative studies of phytochemical properties and antifungal activities of different plant extracts; Ageratum conyzoides L., Phyllanthus amarus Schum. & Thonn, Senna alata (L.) Roxb. and Mangifera indica L. on infected fruit of Carica papaya was carried out using standard methods for analysis of all the tested parameters. The test was conducted using the selected plant extracts at five different concentrations (100 - 500mg/ml) against the isolated fungi. Molecular analysis was done to identify the isolated fungi. The results of the qualitative phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloid, tannins, saponins, phenols and flavonoid in all the plant extracts. The quantitative phytochemical screening results showed varying quantities of alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids and phenols present in the extracts. The quantitative screening showed that A. conyzoides had the highest quantity of the constituents present in its extracts. Four fungal pathogens were isolated from paw-paw fruits and were identified as Rhizopus species, Aspergillus glavus, Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium species. The results of the antimicrobial assay on fungi isolated from infected pawpaw fruits showed that inhibition of fungal growth increased with a corresponding increase in concentration for all the fungal isolates. Penicillium species showed resistance to all the extracts. A. conyzoides showed the highest inhibition from 200mg/ml for the isolates followed by P.amarus. Molecular analysis identified the isolates as Rhizopus arrhizopus, R. delemar, R. oryzae and Aspergillus clavatus. The phylogenetic tree showed that Rhizopus oryzae, R. delemar, R arrhizus are closely related. A. conyzoides and P. amarus can be used to minimize the infection of paw-paw fruit by microbes.","PeriodicalId":8477,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Cell Biology","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80537224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-18DOI: 10.9734/ajob/2022/v15i330238
S. Kumar N., I. Pradhan, A. Mishra, Sanjeet Kumar
Moths are a group of insects belonging to Class Insecta and Order Lepidoptera. Butterflies are also coming under the Order Lepidoptera and moths can be mistaken as butterflies. Moths and their caterpillars are important food for many species of amphibians, small mammals (such as bats) and many birds. They pollinate flowers while feeding on their nectar, and therefore help in seed production. This includes wild plants, garden plants and food crops. Keeping the importance of moth, an attempt has been made to document the moth diversity of Barsuan Range, Bonai Forest Division, Odisha during 2021-2022. The results revealed that about 31 species of moths were observed. The ecological importance of the available moths is discussed in the present study. The paper highlights the importance of insects in balancing the ecology of Barsuan range, Bonai Forest Division, Odisha, India.
{"title":"Moths Diversity in Barsuan Range, Bonai Forest Division, Odisha, India and their Ecological Importance","authors":"S. Kumar N., I. Pradhan, A. Mishra, Sanjeet Kumar","doi":"10.9734/ajob/2022/v15i330238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajob/2022/v15i330238","url":null,"abstract":"Moths are a group of insects belonging to Class Insecta and Order Lepidoptera. Butterflies are also coming under the Order Lepidoptera and moths can be mistaken as butterflies. Moths and their caterpillars are important food for many species of amphibians, small mammals (such as bats) and many birds. They pollinate flowers while feeding on their nectar, and therefore help in seed production. This includes wild plants, garden plants and food crops. Keeping the importance of moth, an attempt has been made to document the moth diversity of Barsuan Range, Bonai Forest Division, Odisha during 2021-2022. The results revealed that about 31 species of moths were observed. The ecological importance of the available moths is discussed in the present study. The paper highlights the importance of insects in balancing the ecology of Barsuan range, Bonai Forest Division, Odisha, India.","PeriodicalId":8477,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Cell Biology","volume":"22 11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77827319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-17DOI: 10.9734/ajob/2022/v15i230237
J. O. Ihuma, T. D. Malgwi, M. H. Matthew
The emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance have been on the increase, and as such there is a need for new and safer antimicrobials. Commonly used medicinal plants found in surrounding environments and communities can be used as medicines to treat infections. This research is aimed on exploring the antimicrobial properties of the Phyllanthus urinaria plant against selected bacterial pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa found in human wounds. The plant extracts were obtained by boiling, soaking and decoctioning the plant leaves. These extracts were subjected to a series of tests for their antimicrobial and active components. The antimicrobial assay was carried out by disc and agar-well diffusion methods. The results indicated that the extract exhibited antimicrobial properties. The highest and only potential was observed in the boiled extract against S. aureus with zones of inhibition at 6mm for disc diffusion method and 5mm for agar-well diffusion method at 100mg/mL and 3mm for 25mg/mL and Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed complete resistance of the plant extract. The mean efficacy of the extract showed 23.0% and 35.5% in comparison to Chloramphenicol in the agar-well diffusion method and disc diffusion method, respectively. A statistical test was carried out using the one-way ANOVA method, to show the statistically significant differences between the extracts, bacterial isolates, and also zones of inhibition. The results showed that in both the disc and agar-well diffusion methods, p-value was 0.0584; hence there were no statistically significant differences in the effects of the plant extracts on the bacterial isolates. This experiment confirmed the efficacy of the plant extract as a natural potential antimicrobial against Staphylococcus aureus.
{"title":"In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Phyllanthus urinaria (Linnaeus, Phyllanthaceae) Leaves against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Wounds","authors":"J. O. Ihuma, T. D. Malgwi, M. H. Matthew","doi":"10.9734/ajob/2022/v15i230237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajob/2022/v15i230237","url":null,"abstract":"The emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance have been on the increase, and as such there is a need for new and safer antimicrobials. Commonly used medicinal plants found in surrounding environments and communities can be used as medicines to treat infections. This research is aimed on exploring the antimicrobial properties of the Phyllanthus urinaria plant against selected bacterial pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa found in human wounds. The plant extracts were obtained by boiling, soaking and decoctioning the plant leaves. These extracts were subjected to a series of tests for their antimicrobial and active components. The antimicrobial assay was carried out by disc and agar-well diffusion methods. The results indicated that the extract exhibited antimicrobial properties. The highest and only potential was observed in the boiled extract against S. aureus with zones of inhibition at 6mm for disc diffusion method and 5mm for agar-well diffusion method at 100mg/mL and 3mm for 25mg/mL and Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed complete resistance of the plant extract. The mean efficacy of the extract showed 23.0% and 35.5% in comparison to Chloramphenicol in the agar-well diffusion method and disc diffusion method, respectively. A statistical test was carried out using the one-way ANOVA method, to show the statistically significant differences between the extracts, bacterial isolates, and also zones of inhibition. The results showed that in both the disc and agar-well diffusion methods, p-value was 0.0584; hence there were no statistically significant differences in the effects of the plant extracts on the bacterial isolates. This experiment confirmed the efficacy of the plant extract as a natural potential antimicrobial against Staphylococcus aureus.","PeriodicalId":8477,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Cell Biology","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74346830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-09DOI: 10.9734/ajob/2022/v15i230236
A. Alhaji, G. Ajibade, T. Ellina, D. Yakubu, T. Blessing, A. O. Ume
Aims: The study was aimed at the Phytochemical and Proximate analysis of the flower, leaf, stem bark and seed of Mangifera indica for its ability to induce sedation. Place and Duration of Study: The fresh flower, leaf, stem bark and seed of Mangifera indica (Mango) were collected using secateurs and taken to the Department of Biological Sciences, Nigerian Defense Academy, Kaduna for specific identification and authentication by an expert. Methodology: The phytochemical analysis was carried out following the procedures described by Harbourne, (1998) while the methods of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC, 2000) were used for the determination of moisture and ash content, crude fiber, lipids, proteins and carbohydrates and Nitrogen was determined using the micro Kjeldahl method described by (Gadelha et al., 2009). Results: A very significant percentage of protein, Flavonoid and terpenoids were detected in the plant samples especially Mangifera indica flower. Conclusion: A high presence of Flavonoid, Terpenoid and Protein in Mangifera indica plant parts is a sign of the possibility that the plant sample could contain a reasonable percentage of Apeginin, Myrcene and Tryptophan which are known active components to induce sedation and can feature in the future as a good source of sleep aid against insomnia.
目的:对芒果花、叶、茎、皮和种子的镇静作用进行植物化学和近似分析。研究地点和时间:用剪枝机采集芒果的鲜花、叶子、茎皮和种子，送到卡杜纳尼日利亚国防学院生物科学系，由专家进行具体鉴定和鉴定。方法:植物化学分析按照Harbourne(1998)描述的程序进行，而官方分析化学家协会(AOAC, 2000)的方法用于测定水分和灰分含量，粗纤维，脂质，蛋白质和碳水化合物，氮采用(Gadelha et al.， 2009)描述的微克氏定氮法测定。结果:植物样品中蛋白质、黄酮类化合物和萜类化合物的检出率极显著，尤其是芒果花。结论:芒果中黄酮类、萜类和蛋白质含量较高，表明芒果样品中可能含有一定比例的芹菜素、月桂烯和色氨酸，这些已知的活性成分具有镇静作用，未来可能是一种良好的助眠剂。
{"title":"Quantitative Phytochemical and Proximate Analysis of Mangifera indica Possible Ability to Induce Sedation and Remedy Insomnia","authors":"A. Alhaji, G. Ajibade, T. Ellina, D. Yakubu, T. Blessing, A. O. Ume","doi":"10.9734/ajob/2022/v15i230236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajob/2022/v15i230236","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: The study was aimed at the Phytochemical and Proximate analysis of the flower, leaf, stem bark and seed of Mangifera indica for its ability to induce sedation. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: The fresh flower, leaf, stem bark and seed of Mangifera indica (Mango) were collected using secateurs and taken to the Department of Biological Sciences, Nigerian Defense Academy, Kaduna for specific identification and authentication by an expert. \u0000Methodology: The phytochemical analysis was carried out following the procedures described by Harbourne, (1998) while the methods of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC, 2000) were used for the determination of moisture and ash content, crude fiber, lipids, proteins and carbohydrates and Nitrogen was determined using the micro Kjeldahl method described by (Gadelha et al., 2009). \u0000Results: A very significant percentage of protein, Flavonoid and terpenoids were detected in the plant samples especially Mangifera indica flower. \u0000Conclusion: A high presence of Flavonoid, Terpenoid and Protein in Mangifera indica plant parts is a sign of the possibility that the plant sample could contain a reasonable percentage of Apeginin, Myrcene and Tryptophan which are known active components to induce sedation and can feature in the future as a good source of sleep aid against insomnia.","PeriodicalId":8477,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Cell Biology","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85411850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：