Pub Date : 2023-04-12DOI: 10.9734/ajbgmb/2023/v13i4300
A. J. Okon, O. Aluko, Idorenyin Jonathan Okon, S. Inah, Afe Dania, Favour Inyang-ogim Achi
Background: Exposure to lead produces a variety of adverse health effects. This study evaluated the effect of aqueous extracts of Carica papaya leaves and seeds on electrolyte and hematological parameters in albino Wistar rats exposed to lead nitrate. Methods: Thirty male albino Wistar rats weighing between 174- 196g were assigned to six groups of five animals. Group 1 served as control, group 2 received 50mg/kg body weight lead nitrate (PbNO3), groups 3 and 4 received 500 mg/kg body weight aqueous extract of Carica papaya leaves (CPL) and Carica papaya seed (CPS) respectively, groups 5 and 6 received 50mg/kg body weight PbNO3 + 500mg/kg body weight CPL and CPS respectively for 31 days by oral gavaging. Animals were sacrificed and blood collected for various assay using standard methods. ANOVA on SPSS version 25 was used to determine variations within and between groups. Results: Increases in sodium and potassium, and decreases in chloride, calcium and bicarbonate levels were observed in the lead intoxicated group. Treatment with CPL and CPS reversed the alterations in electrolytes. Levels of RBC, PCV, Hb, MCH, MCHC and lymphocytes were lower in the lead intoxicated group relative to the lead intoxicated groups complemented with CPL and CPS, while WBC, MCV and platelet counts were higher in the lead intoxicated group when compared to the group complemented with CPL and CPS. Conclusion: This finding suggests that CPL and CPS could be protective against lead induced alterations in electrolytes and hematological parameters and could be harnessed for these potentials.
{"title":"Effect of Carica papaya Leaves and Seeds on Electrolyte and Hematological Parameters in Albino Wistar Rats Exposed to Lead Nitrate","authors":"A. J. Okon, O. Aluko, Idorenyin Jonathan Okon, S. Inah, Afe Dania, Favour Inyang-ogim Achi","doi":"10.9734/ajbgmb/2023/v13i4300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajbgmb/2023/v13i4300","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Exposure to lead produces a variety of adverse health effects. This study evaluated the effect of aqueous extracts of Carica papaya leaves and seeds on electrolyte and hematological parameters in albino Wistar rats exposed to lead nitrate. \u0000Methods: Thirty male albino Wistar rats weighing between 174- 196g were assigned to six groups of five animals. Group 1 served as control, group 2 received 50mg/kg body weight lead nitrate (PbNO3), groups 3 and 4 received 500 mg/kg body weight aqueous extract of Carica papaya leaves (CPL) and Carica papaya seed (CPS) respectively, groups 5 and 6 received 50mg/kg body weight PbNO3 + 500mg/kg body weight CPL and CPS respectively for 31 days by oral gavaging. Animals were sacrificed and blood collected for various assay using standard methods. ANOVA on SPSS version 25 was used to determine variations within and between groups. \u0000Results: Increases in sodium and potassium, and decreases in chloride, calcium and bicarbonate levels were observed in the lead intoxicated group. Treatment with CPL and CPS reversed the alterations in electrolytes. Levels of RBC, PCV, Hb, MCH, MCHC and lymphocytes were lower in the lead intoxicated group relative to the lead intoxicated groups complemented with CPL and CPS, while WBC, MCV and platelet counts were higher in the lead intoxicated group when compared to the group complemented with CPL and CPS. \u0000Conclusion: This finding suggests that CPL and CPS could be protective against lead induced alterations in electrolytes and hematological parameters and could be harnessed for these potentials.","PeriodicalId":8498,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84157292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-12DOI: 10.9734/ajbgmb/2023/v13i4301
Aims: To evaluate the effect of Ficus thonningii leaf powder (FTLP) and vitamin C supplemented diets on performance and haemato-biochemical status of two strains of broiler chickens. Methodology: Four hundred and eighty-one-day-old of Arbor acre (AB) and Cobb 500 (CO) broiler chicks were randomized to eight dietary treatments; diet 1 and 2 (Control), diets 3 and 4 (200mg/kg vitamin C inclusion), diets 5 and 6 (1% inclusion of FTLP) and (diets 7 and 8 (200mg/kg + 1% FTLP inclusions) for AB and CO strains respectively. Results: Result shows that feed intake, body weight gain and FCR were significant (P<0.05) at the starter phase. Interaction between strains and vitamin C were also significant (P<0.05) for body weight gain, FCR and feed intake. Vitamin C and FTLP supplementation significantly (P<0.05) improved the erythrocytes count while the MCV, MCH, WBC and lymphocytes of birds fed diets 2 and 6 were significantly (P<0.05) higher than the other diets. The dietary supplementation of vitamin C and FTLP shows that strain AB had a significantly (P<0.05) higher erythrocytes count than CO strain while the CO showed significant (P<0.05) improvement for the MCV and MCH. Vitamin C supplementation showed significant difference (P<0.05) for the RBC and the interaction of vitamin C and FTLP significantly (P<0.05) improved PCV, HB, MCV, MCH, WBC and lymphocytes. The interactive effect of vitamin C and FTLP significantly (P<0.05) improved the total protein and albumin. Cholesterol and creatinine levels were significantly (P<0.05) lowered by the inclusion of vitamin C and FTLP. Conclusion: As observed in this study, the inclusion of FTLP and vitamin C as a supplement in the diets of broiler chickens improved the performance, haematological indices and serum biochemical status of the tested birds.
{"title":"Performance, Haematology and Serum Biochemical Status of two Strains of Broiler Chicken Fed Ficus thonningii Leaf Powder and Vitamin C Supplemented Diets","authors":"","doi":"10.9734/ajbgmb/2023/v13i4301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajbgmb/2023/v13i4301","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To evaluate the effect of Ficus thonningii leaf powder (FTLP) and vitamin C supplemented diets on performance and haemato-biochemical status of two strains of broiler chickens. \u0000Methodology: Four hundred and eighty-one-day-old of Arbor acre (AB) and Cobb 500 (CO) broiler chicks were randomized to eight dietary treatments; diet 1 and 2 (Control), diets 3 and 4 (200mg/kg vitamin C inclusion), diets 5 and 6 (1% inclusion of FTLP) and (diets 7 and 8 (200mg/kg + 1% FTLP inclusions) for AB and CO strains respectively. \u0000Results: Result shows that feed intake, body weight gain and FCR were significant (P<0.05) at the starter phase. Interaction between strains and vitamin C were also significant (P<0.05) for body weight gain, FCR and feed intake. Vitamin C and FTLP supplementation significantly (P<0.05) improved the erythrocytes count while the MCV, MCH, WBC and lymphocytes of birds fed diets 2 and 6 were significantly (P<0.05) higher than the other diets. The dietary supplementation of vitamin C and FTLP shows that strain AB had a significantly (P<0.05) higher erythrocytes count than CO strain while the CO showed significant (P<0.05) improvement for the MCV and MCH. Vitamin C supplementation showed significant difference (P<0.05) for the RBC and the interaction of vitamin C and FTLP significantly (P<0.05) improved PCV, HB, MCV, MCH, WBC and lymphocytes. The interactive effect of vitamin C and FTLP significantly (P<0.05) improved the total protein and albumin. Cholesterol and creatinine levels were significantly (P<0.05) lowered by the inclusion of vitamin C and FTLP. \u0000Conclusion: As observed in this study, the inclusion of FTLP and vitamin C as a supplement in the diets of broiler chickens improved the performance, haematological indices and serum biochemical status of the tested birds.","PeriodicalId":8498,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86278900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-08DOI: 10.9734/ajbgmb/2023/v13i4299
Agu Francis Uchenna, Elizabeth Nweke Obioma, Iheukwumere Barry Chinedu, Dominic Chinedu Ejiofor
The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-hyperlipidemic effect of methanol Mangifera indica seed kernel extract on hyperlipidemic Wistar rats. Mango seed kernels were dried at room temperature before being ground into fine powder. 500 g of mango seed kernel powder was soaked in 500 mL of 98 % methanol and shaken intermittently for 72 h, after which the extract was concentrated. Twenty five adult male wistar rats were divided into five groups of five rats each. Group I: was administered 2 ml of distilled water. Groups II-V were induced hyperlipidemia. However, while Group II was not treated with the extract (negative control), Groups III and IV were treated with 150 and 350 mg/kg body weight of mango seed kernel extract (MSKE) and Group V was administered the standard drug (atorvastatin). Treatment lasted for 21 days, after which rats were sacrificed and blood sample was collected and subsequently analyzed via standard procedures. Hyperlipidemia was characterized by increased levels of total cholesterol and Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL). Oral administration of MSKE significantly (P<0.05) reduced the aforementioned indices to levels which though were significantly (P<0.05) higher than that reported for the normal control group. On the other hand, it was observed that that the levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL) and triacylglyceride (TG) in the negative control (Group II) were significantly (P<0.05) low but increased following oral administration of extract in a dose dependent manner. It was also observed that MSKE of M. indica reduced the body weight of hyperlipidemic rats. In conclusion, it can be deduced from this study that MSKE has the potential to address hyperlipidemia
{"title":"Anti-Hyperlipidemic Effect of Methanol Seed Kernel Extract of Mangifera indica on Wistar Rat Model","authors":"Agu Francis Uchenna, Elizabeth Nweke Obioma, Iheukwumere Barry Chinedu, Dominic Chinedu Ejiofor","doi":"10.9734/ajbgmb/2023/v13i4299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajbgmb/2023/v13i4299","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-hyperlipidemic effect of methanol Mangifera indica seed kernel extract on hyperlipidemic Wistar rats. Mango seed kernels were dried at room temperature before being ground into fine powder. 500 g of mango seed kernel powder was soaked in 500 mL of 98 % methanol and shaken intermittently for 72 h, after which the extract was concentrated. Twenty five adult male wistar rats were divided into five groups of five rats each. Group I: was administered 2 ml of distilled water. Groups II-V were induced hyperlipidemia. However, while Group II was not treated with the extract (negative control), Groups III and IV were treated with 150 and 350 mg/kg body weight of mango seed kernel extract (MSKE) and Group V was administered the standard drug (atorvastatin). Treatment lasted for 21 days, after which rats were sacrificed and blood sample was collected and subsequently analyzed via standard procedures. Hyperlipidemia was characterized by increased levels of total cholesterol and Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL). Oral administration of MSKE significantly (P<0.05) reduced the aforementioned indices to levels which though were significantly (P<0.05) higher than that reported for the normal control group. On the other hand, it was observed that that the levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL) and triacylglyceride (TG) in the negative control (Group II) were significantly (P<0.05) low but increased following oral administration of extract in a dose dependent manner. It was also observed that MSKE of M. indica reduced the body weight of hyperlipidemic rats. In conclusion, it can be deduced from this study that MSKE has the potential to address hyperlipidemia","PeriodicalId":8498,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135692948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-06DOI: 10.9734/ajbgmb/2023/v13i4298
Ejimofor, Chiamaka Frances, O. Johnson, N. Enoch, Afam-Ezeaku, Chikaodili Eziamaka, Mbaukwu, Onyinye Ann
Although meat and fish are prized delicacy in Nigeria, they can also spread germs that are multidrug resistant (MDR). Moreover, research on these MDR bacteria from Awkametropolies is scarce. Thus, the bacteriological characteristics and antibiogram profiles of E coli isolated from meat and fish were studied in this investigation. Twenty different meat and fish samples from the research sites were gathered and microbiologically examined. Standard microbiological procedures were used to conduct a total viable count, a coliform count, a bacterial characterisation, and an identification of the bacteria. The results showed that "meat" samples had both the highest coliform count (2.1105 to 6.2105 cfu/g) and total viable bacteria count (3.4105 to 7.7105 cfu/g). In all, 78 and 85 microorganisms were found in samples of smoked fish and beef, respectively. The disc diffusion technique was used to determine the antibiotic sensitivity pattern. Gentamicin, Amoxycillin/clavulanate, Streptomycin, Cloxacillin, Erythromycin, Chloramphenicol, Cotrimoxazole, Tetracycline, Penicillin, Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Ceftriaxone, Amoxycillin, and vancomycin were the antibiotics that E. coli was most sensitive to, with sensitivity rates of 92. The findings of the current study demonstrate that fluoroquinolones are efficient in treating E. coli infections, including those caused by methicillin-resistant strains, in this setting.
{"title":"Antibiogram of Escherichia coli Isolated from Fish (Salmon Fish)/Meat (Beef)","authors":"Ejimofor, Chiamaka Frances, O. Johnson, N. Enoch, Afam-Ezeaku, Chikaodili Eziamaka, Mbaukwu, Onyinye Ann","doi":"10.9734/ajbgmb/2023/v13i4298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajbgmb/2023/v13i4298","url":null,"abstract":"Although meat and fish are prized delicacy in Nigeria, they can also spread germs that are multidrug resistant (MDR). Moreover, research on these MDR bacteria from Awkametropolies is scarce. Thus, the bacteriological characteristics and antibiogram profiles of E coli isolated from meat and fish were studied in this investigation. Twenty different meat and fish samples from the research sites were gathered and microbiologically examined. Standard microbiological procedures were used to conduct a total viable count, a coliform count, a bacterial characterisation, and an identification of the bacteria. The results showed that \"meat\" samples had both the highest coliform count (2.1105 to 6.2105 cfu/g) and total viable bacteria count (3.4105 to 7.7105 cfu/g). In all, 78 and 85 microorganisms were found in samples of smoked fish and beef, respectively. The disc diffusion technique was used to determine the antibiotic sensitivity pattern. Gentamicin, Amoxycillin/clavulanate, Streptomycin, Cloxacillin, Erythromycin, Chloramphenicol, Cotrimoxazole, Tetracycline, Penicillin, Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Ceftriaxone, Amoxycillin, and vancomycin were the antibiotics that E. coli was most sensitive to, with sensitivity rates of 92. The findings of the current study demonstrate that fluoroquinolones are efficient in treating E. coli infections, including those caused by methicillin-resistant strains, in this setting.","PeriodicalId":8498,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90165430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-06DOI: 10.9734/ajbgmb/2023/v13i3297
O. Ezeigwe, Gift Nonso Okwuenu, O. N. Ani
Background: The abundance of nutrients, vitamins, and fiber in breadfruit has been documented in many literature studies that can hardly be exhausted and are consumed majorly by the Igbos and other southern parts of Nigeria to ameliorate hunger. Aim: This study however was aimed at determining the effect of feeds fortified with grilled, preboiled, and cooked breadfruit on hematological indices of wistar rats. Methods: Hematological parameters were determined using an automated hematology analyzer (Mindray-BC-5300). The parameters analyzed include Hemoglobin (HGB), Packed Cell Volume (PCV), Red Blood Cells (RBC), Platelets (PLT), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), White Blood Cells (WBC), Neutrophils (NEUT), Lymphocytes (LYMPH), Monocytes (MON), Eosinophils (EOS) and Basophils (BAS). Results: The result from the experiment indicated that all fortified groups showed no significant increase or decrease (p>0.05) in their HGB, PCV, RBC, PLT, MCV, MCH and MCHC when compared with their respective controls. The white blood cell, neutrophil and eosinophil concentrations of the experimental rats significantly increased (p<0.05) compared with the normal control group. A significant decrease (p<0.05) was observed in the lymphocyte and basophil concentration. The monocyte levels of the experimental rats showed a non-significant increase or decrease (p>0.05) in all the groups with respect to the normal control. Conclusion: It may however be safe to infer that fortification of feed with breadfruit has no negative effect on the physiological status of the experimental animals as all the hematological parameters remained within range.
背景:面包果中丰富的营养、维生素和纤维在许多文献研究中都有记载，几乎无法耗尽，主要由伊博人和尼日利亚南部其他地区的人食用，以改善饥饿。目的:本研究旨在探讨添加烤、预煮和熟面包果的饲料对wistar大鼠血液学指标的影响。方法:采用全自动血液学分析仪(迈瑞- bc -5300)测定血液学参数。分析的参数包括血红蛋白(HGB)、堆积细胞体积(PCV)、红细胞(RBC)、血小板(PLT)、平均红细胞体积(MCV)、平均红细胞血红蛋白(MCH)、平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度(MCHC)、白细胞(WBC)、中性粒细胞(NEUT)、淋巴细胞(LYMPH)、单核细胞(MON)、嗜酸性粒细胞(EOS)和嗜碱性粒细胞(BAS)。结果:各强化组的HGB、PCV、RBC、PLT、MCV、MCH和MCHC与对照组相比均无显著升高或降低(p>0.05)。各实验组大鼠白细胞、中性粒细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞浓度均较正常对照组显著升高(p0.05)。结论:在饲料中添加面包果对实验动物的生理状态无不良影响，血液学指标均在正常范围内。
{"title":"Hematological Indices of Experimental Rats Fed with Rat Chow Fortified with Processed Breadfruits","authors":"O. Ezeigwe, Gift Nonso Okwuenu, O. N. Ani","doi":"10.9734/ajbgmb/2023/v13i3297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajbgmb/2023/v13i3297","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The abundance of nutrients, vitamins, and fiber in breadfruit has been documented in many literature studies that can hardly be exhausted and are consumed majorly by the Igbos and other southern parts of Nigeria to ameliorate hunger. \u0000Aim: This study however was aimed at determining the effect of feeds fortified with grilled, preboiled, and cooked breadfruit on hematological indices of wistar rats. \u0000Methods: Hematological parameters were determined using an automated hematology analyzer (Mindray-BC-5300). The parameters analyzed include Hemoglobin (HGB), Packed Cell Volume (PCV), Red Blood Cells (RBC), Platelets (PLT), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), White Blood Cells (WBC), Neutrophils (NEUT), Lymphocytes (LYMPH), Monocytes (MON), Eosinophils (EOS) and Basophils (BAS). \u0000Results: The result from the experiment indicated that all fortified groups showed no significant increase or decrease (p>0.05) in their HGB, PCV, RBC, PLT, MCV, MCH and MCHC when compared with their respective controls. The white blood cell, neutrophil and eosinophil concentrations of the experimental rats significantly increased (p<0.05) compared with the normal control group. A significant decrease (p<0.05) was observed in the lymphocyte and basophil concentration. The monocyte levels of the experimental rats showed a non-significant increase or decrease (p>0.05) in all the groups with respect to the normal control. \u0000Conclusion: It may however be safe to infer that fortification of feed with breadfruit has no negative effect on the physiological status of the experimental animals as all the hematological parameters remained within range.","PeriodicalId":8498,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78432599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-05DOI: 10.9734/ajbgmb/2023/v13i3296
Alaa Abdallah Adam Idrise, Amanda Elgoraish, Rania TagElsir Ahmed, N. Omer, M. Salih, Jamal Ismail Khalifia Ismail, N. Adam, S. Elzaki
Aims: This study aimed to investigate the lipids profile, APOA genotype with malaria infection. It was hypothesized that the malaria parasite uses cholesterol and phospholipids from its host, resulting in a decrease in serum HDL. Study Design: A cross-sectional hospital -based study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted during the transmission season between July to November 2020 in different hospitals and centers in Elfasher city. Methodology: We included (39 men and 64 female), 57.3% were adults and 42.7% were children, plasmodium falciparum infection, with clinical symptoms and signs of uncomplicated malaria. Parasites density, lipids profile and APOA genotyping were assayed. Results: The mean level of CHOL and TG was 134.7 mg/dl and 73.0 mg/dl, respectively, and the average levels of LDL and HDL are 56.6 mg/dl and 56.2 mg/dl, respectively. The G/G genotypes of APOA were identified in 94.2% of the patients compared to other APOA genotypes. The overall allele frequency for the G allele was 96.0%, and the T allele was 3.9% using the Hardy-Weinberg distribution. Conclusion: In conclusions, the lipids profile and APOA genotype were not associated with uncomplicated malaria.
{"title":"Association of Apolipoprotein A Gene Polymorphism with Uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum Malaria in Elfasher City, North Darfur, Sudan","authors":"Alaa Abdallah Adam Idrise, Amanda Elgoraish, Rania TagElsir Ahmed, N. Omer, M. Salih, Jamal Ismail Khalifia Ismail, N. Adam, S. Elzaki","doi":"10.9734/ajbgmb/2023/v13i3296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajbgmb/2023/v13i3296","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: This study aimed to investigate the lipids profile, APOA genotype with malaria infection. It was hypothesized that the malaria parasite uses cholesterol and phospholipids from its host, resulting in a decrease in serum HDL. \u0000Study Design: A cross-sectional hospital -based study. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted during the transmission season between July to November 2020 in different hospitals and centers in Elfasher city. \u0000Methodology: We included (39 men and 64 female), 57.3% were adults and 42.7% were children, plasmodium falciparum infection, with clinical symptoms and signs of uncomplicated malaria. Parasites density, lipids profile and APOA genotyping were assayed. \u0000Results: The mean level of CHOL and TG was 134.7 mg/dl and 73.0 mg/dl, respectively, and the average levels of LDL and HDL are 56.6 mg/dl and 56.2 mg/dl, respectively. The G/G genotypes of APOA were identified in 94.2% of the patients compared to other APOA genotypes. The overall allele frequency for the G allele was 96.0%, and the T allele was 3.9% using the Hardy-Weinberg distribution. \u0000Conclusion: In conclusions, the lipids profile and APOA genotype were not associated with uncomplicated malaria.","PeriodicalId":8498,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74771249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.9734/ajbgmb/2023/v13i3294
U. Osuagwu, C. Ujowundu, L. Nwaogu, R. Nwaoguikpe
The effect of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) on selected plasma biochemical parameters of the tropical African catfish C. gariepinus was investigated. Apparently healthy juvenile fish (n = 90; mass = 19.7 ± 1.8 g) were exposed to sublethal concentrations of BaP over a period of 35 days after which haematological and plasma biochemical analysis were carried out on whole blood and plasma respectively. While there were significant declines in red blood cell count (RBC), hemoglobin, haematocrit and platelet count, significant elevations were observed in mean cell volume (MCV), mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and white blood cell (WBC) count. Significant increases were also observed in the activities of the liver enzymes, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). There were significant increases in the activities of the oxidative stress enzymes, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione s-transferase (GST). Findings from this study reveal that benzo[a]pyrene causes changes in haematological and plasma biochemical profiles in exposed aquatic organisms.
{"title":"Biochemical and Oxidative Stress Responses in Clarias gariepinus Exposed to Sublethal Concentrations of Benzo[a]pyrene","authors":"U. Osuagwu, C. Ujowundu, L. Nwaogu, R. Nwaoguikpe","doi":"10.9734/ajbgmb/2023/v13i3294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajbgmb/2023/v13i3294","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) on selected plasma biochemical parameters of the tropical African catfish C. gariepinus was investigated. Apparently healthy juvenile fish (n = 90; mass = 19.7 ± 1.8 g) were exposed to sublethal concentrations of BaP over a period of 35 days after which haematological and plasma biochemical analysis were carried out on whole blood and plasma respectively. While there were significant declines in red blood cell count (RBC), hemoglobin, haematocrit and platelet count, significant elevations were observed in mean cell volume (MCV), mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and white blood cell (WBC) count. Significant increases were also observed in the activities of the liver enzymes, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). There were significant increases in the activities of the oxidative stress enzymes, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione s-transferase (GST). Findings from this study reveal that benzo[a]pyrene causes changes in haematological and plasma biochemical profiles in exposed aquatic organisms.","PeriodicalId":8498,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89886847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.9734/ajbgmb/2023/v13i3295
Ejimofor, Chiamaka Frances, N. Enoch, O. Johnson, Afam-Ezeaku, Chikaodili Eziamaka, Mbaukwu, Onyinye Ann
Investigated in vitro were the phytochemical and antifungal properties of bean leaf and root against certain pathogenic fungi isolated from spoiled vegetables marketed in Anambra metropolises. By combining 100g, 100ml of sterile distilled water, and ethanol with each plant part, two (2) distinct extract concentrations were produced from each plant component. The plants were subjected to phytochemical screening using several conventional techniques, which identified the presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, phytate, oxalate, and phenol in all of the plants but at various amounts. The effects of common antibiotics (Fluconazole 30 g/ml) were compared to those of plant extracts. According to a pathogenicity test, good vegetables rot was caused by Aspergillus niger, Fusarium solani, Penicillium sp, Rhizopus sp, and Mucor spp. The ethanol extract from beans root turned out to be more effective. The extraction solvent, extract concentration, and test pathogens all had an impact on the extract's effectiveness. When extract concentration rose, the amount of fungal growth inhibition also rose. All of the test fungi's mycelia development was effectively/highly inhibited by beans root, although water extracts exhibited a lower degree of inhibition. Farmers should utilise bean root ethanolic extracts instead of synthetic or commercial fungicides due to their fungitoxic potential against vegetable storage fungi.
{"title":"The Phytochemical and Antifungal Efficiency of Bean Leaf and Root against Some Pathogenic Fungi Isolated from Spoilt Vegetables Sold within Anambra Metropolies","authors":"Ejimofor, Chiamaka Frances, N. Enoch, O. Johnson, Afam-Ezeaku, Chikaodili Eziamaka, Mbaukwu, Onyinye Ann","doi":"10.9734/ajbgmb/2023/v13i3295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajbgmb/2023/v13i3295","url":null,"abstract":"Investigated in vitro were the phytochemical and antifungal properties of bean leaf and root against certain pathogenic fungi isolated from spoiled vegetables marketed in Anambra metropolises. By combining 100g, 100ml of sterile distilled water, and ethanol with each plant part, two (2) distinct extract concentrations were produced from each plant component. The plants were subjected to phytochemical screening using several conventional techniques, which identified the presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, phytate, oxalate, and phenol in all of the plants but at various amounts. The effects of common antibiotics (Fluconazole 30 g/ml) were compared to those of plant extracts. According to a pathogenicity test, good vegetables rot was caused by Aspergillus niger, Fusarium solani, Penicillium sp, Rhizopus sp, and Mucor spp. The ethanol extract from beans root turned out to be more effective. The extraction solvent, extract concentration, and test pathogens all had an impact on the extract's effectiveness. When extract concentration rose, the amount of fungal growth inhibition also rose. All of the test fungi's mycelia development was effectively/highly inhibited by beans root, although water extracts exhibited a lower degree of inhibition. Farmers should utilise bean root ethanolic extracts instead of synthetic or commercial fungicides due to their fungitoxic potential against vegetable storage fungi.","PeriodicalId":8498,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78390000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.9734/ajbgmb/2023/v13i3293
R. M. Kiruba, G. J. Christobel, J. Mini, S. Sankaralingam, S. Venkatesh, A. Sundari, C. Soorya
Trapa natans L.; (water chestnut) is an aquatic plant. The whole plant has various medicinal values but it is less known. The purpose of the study was carried out to reveal phytochemicals and their antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the whole plant Trapa natans. The whole plants were shade dried and powdered. The solvents used to extract were ethanol, methanol, aqueous, chloroform and hexane. The extracts were tested for the antimicrobial activity by disc diffusion method. The bacterial strains used were Straphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Lactobacillus salivarius, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus mutans, Klebsilla pneumonia, E.coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris and Proteus mirabilis. The strains used for fungal activity were Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium notatum, Rhizopus stolonifer and Candida albicans. Antimicrobial activities of the extract were determined by zone of inhibition by using the disc diffusion method. Maximum antibacterial activity was obtained in ethanol and methanol extract. Hexane and aqueous showed least activity in gram positive strain and did not show any activity in gram negative strain. Antifungal activity showed maximum zone in Candida albicans in methanol extract. Hexane and aqueous extract did not show any activity. The present investigation on the plant Trapa natans has revealed that the ethanol and methanol showed maximum antimicrobial activity.
{"title":"Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Aquatic Plant Trapa natans L.-Medicinal Aquatic Plant","authors":"R. M. Kiruba, G. J. Christobel, J. Mini, S. Sankaralingam, S. Venkatesh, A. Sundari, C. Soorya","doi":"10.9734/ajbgmb/2023/v13i3293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajbgmb/2023/v13i3293","url":null,"abstract":"Trapa natans L.; (water chestnut) is an aquatic plant. The whole plant has various medicinal values but it is less known. The purpose of the study was carried out to reveal phytochemicals and their antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the whole plant Trapa natans. The whole plants were shade dried and powdered. The solvents used to extract were ethanol, methanol, aqueous, chloroform and hexane. The extracts were tested for the antimicrobial activity by disc diffusion method. The bacterial strains used were Straphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Lactobacillus salivarius, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus mutans, Klebsilla pneumonia, E.coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris and Proteus mirabilis. The strains used for fungal activity were Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium notatum, Rhizopus stolonifer and Candida albicans. \u0000Antimicrobial activities of the extract were determined by zone of inhibition by using the disc diffusion method. Maximum antibacterial activity was obtained in ethanol and methanol extract. Hexane and aqueous showed least activity in gram positive strain and did not show any activity in gram negative strain. Antifungal activity showed maximum zone in Candida albicans in methanol extract. Hexane and aqueous extract did not show any activity. The present investigation on the plant Trapa natans has revealed that the ethanol and methanol showed maximum antimicrobial activity.","PeriodicalId":8498,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73204650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.9734/ajbgmb/2023/v13i2292
F. N. Okwakpam, M. B. Otobo, F. Igwe, A. Iyo
Pausinystalia yohimbe (P. yohimbe) stem bark powder is commonly used as seasoning for barbecue beef in Nigeria and some West African countries. This study evaluated the effect of ingesting ethanol extract of P. yohimbe stem bark on some hormones and tissues linked with fertility in female Wistar rats. A total of fifteen adult female Wistar rats weighing between 140 - 160g were used for this study after an initial Acute Toxicity test was done to establish a safe dose range of the extract. The animals were randomly divided into three groups of five rats per group. Group 1 served as control and received normal saline while Groups 2 and 3 received 400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg body weight (bw) of ethanol extract of P. yohimbe stem bark respectively, via oral gavage, for 21 days. At the end of the treatment period, the rats were weighed, sacrificed and blood, ovary and uterus samples collected for determination of reproductive hormones (follicle-stimulating hormone, estrogen, and progesterone) and histological examination using standard methods. The results showed that LD50 of the ethanol extract for the female Wistar rats was 3807.89 mg/kg bw. There were significant (p˂0.05) increases in body weight, estrogen and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) of the treated groups compared with the control. Histological examination also showed degenerative changes in the uterus of the rats in groups 2 and 3, with no alterations in the ovary when compared to control. These results suggest that continuous consumption of ethanol extract of P. yohimbe stem bark may alter the systemic concentration of estrogen and follicle-stimulating hormone as well as morphology of the uterus which may lead to reduced reproductive function and female infertility.
{"title":"Fertility Evaluation of Adult Female Wistar Rats Administered with Ethanolic Extract of Pausinystalia yohimbe Stem Bark","authors":"F. N. Okwakpam, M. B. Otobo, F. Igwe, A. Iyo","doi":"10.9734/ajbgmb/2023/v13i2292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajbgmb/2023/v13i2292","url":null,"abstract":"Pausinystalia yohimbe (P. yohimbe) stem bark powder is commonly used as seasoning for barbecue beef in Nigeria and some West African countries. This study evaluated the effect of ingesting ethanol extract of P. yohimbe stem bark on some hormones and tissues linked with fertility in female Wistar rats. A total of fifteen adult female Wistar rats weighing between 140 - 160g were used for this study after an initial Acute Toxicity test was done to establish a safe dose range of the extract. The animals were randomly divided into three groups of five rats per group. Group 1 served as control and received normal saline while Groups 2 and 3 received 400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg body weight (bw) of ethanol extract of P. yohimbe stem bark respectively, via oral gavage, for 21 days. At the end of the treatment period, the rats were weighed, sacrificed and blood, ovary and uterus samples collected for determination of reproductive hormones (follicle-stimulating hormone, estrogen, and progesterone) and histological examination using standard methods. The results showed that LD50 of the ethanol extract for the female Wistar rats was 3807.89 mg/kg bw. There were significant (p˂0.05) increases in body weight, estrogen and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) of the treated groups compared with the control. Histological examination also showed degenerative changes in the uterus of the rats in groups 2 and 3, with no alterations in the ovary when compared to control. These results suggest that continuous consumption of ethanol extract of P. yohimbe stem bark may alter the systemic concentration of estrogen and follicle-stimulating hormone as well as morphology of the uterus which may lead to reduced reproductive function and female infertility.","PeriodicalId":8498,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85980779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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