Purpose: In this study, the effect on skin elasticity of a cream containing three-dimensional human adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cell conditioned medium (3D ADMSC-CM) was examined.Methods: The clinical efficacy of the cream was evaluated by examining the skin for skin lifting, elasticity, and resilience after examining the cell proliferative capacity, expression levels of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in 3D ADMSC-CM, and collagen expression in skin cells due to the 3D ADMSC-CM cream.Results: Skin cell viability was well maintained, with no cytotoxicity from the 3D ADMSC-CM. The amount of EGF and VEGF contained in the 3D ADMSC-CM was 2.692 pg/mL and 27.89 pg/mL, respectively. In addition, skin cells treated with the 3D ADMSC-CM cream experienced a collagen expression increase of 183%. In clinical evaluation of the 3D ADMSC-CM cream, skin lifting and skin elasticity improvement showed significant effects at both two and four weeks. After the 3D ADMSC-CM cream was used, the improved skin elasticity and resilience was analyzed by variables, and an improvement was observed in both after two and four weeks of use.Conclusion: A cream containing 3D ADMSC-CM derived from a 3D culture environment, similar to that of an in vivo environment, is highly effective in enhancing skin elasticity, and 3D ADMSC-CM is expected to lead the field of cosmeceuticals.
{"title":"Effects of Cream Containing Three-Dimensional Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Conditioned Medium Secreting Growth Factors on Skin Elasticity","authors":"Kyung Hye Kim, Sunray Lee, S. Bae, S. An","doi":"10.20402/ajbc.2022.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20402/ajbc.2022.0007","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: In this study, the effect on skin elasticity of a cream containing three-dimensional human adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cell conditioned medium (3D ADMSC-CM) was examined.Methods: The clinical efficacy of the cream was evaluated by examining the skin for skin lifting, elasticity, and resilience after examining the cell proliferative capacity, expression levels of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in 3D ADMSC-CM, and collagen expression in skin cells due to the 3D ADMSC-CM cream.Results: Skin cell viability was well maintained, with no cytotoxicity from the 3D ADMSC-CM. The amount of EGF and VEGF contained in the 3D ADMSC-CM was 2.692 pg/mL and 27.89 pg/mL, respectively. In addition, skin cells treated with the 3D ADMSC-CM cream experienced a collagen expression increase of 183%. In clinical evaluation of the 3D ADMSC-CM cream, skin lifting and skin elasticity improvement showed significant effects at both two and four weeks. After the 3D ADMSC-CM cream was used, the improved skin elasticity and resilience was analyzed by variables, and an improvement was observed in both after two and four weeks of use.Conclusion: A cream containing 3D ADMSC-CM derived from a 3D culture environment, similar to that of an in vivo environment, is highly effective in enhancing skin elasticity, and 3D ADMSC-CM is expected to lead the field of cosmeceuticals.","PeriodicalId":8508,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Beauty and Cosmetology","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80401628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: This study examines the effects of career decision-making and self-efficacy on the career preparation behaviors and major satisfactions of beauty majors.Methods: A total of 253 students were selected from two years of college cosmetology majors in Gyeonggi-do and Incheon. Data collected over two weeks from November 15 to November 30, 2021 was analyzed. Frequency analysis, as well as factor, reliability, correlation, and multiple regression analyses, were performed using SPSS program 26.0.Results: First, the study found a positive correlation between career decision self-efficacy, career preparation behaviors, and major satisfaction. Secondly, the study found that career decision self-efficacy bears a statistically significant (p<0.05) effect on job preparation and collection, career counseling, and career exploration. Third, the study found that career decisionmaking self-efficacy bears a statistically significant (p<0.05) effect on class and perception satisfaction. Fourth, the study found that career preparation behaviors carry a statistically significant effect on class satisfaction (p<0.05).Conclusion: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of self-efficacy on career decision-making in the career preparation behaviors and major satisfactions of college students majoring in cosmetology. The results of career decision self-efficacy bore a statistically significant effect on career preparation behaviors and major satisfaction.
{"title":"Effects of Career Decision Self-Efficacy in College Students Majoring in Cosmetology on Career Preparation Behavior and Major Satisfaction","authors":"Young-jo Lee, Sung-Nae Lee","doi":"10.20402/ajbc.2021.0296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20402/ajbc.2021.0296","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This study examines the effects of career decision-making and self-efficacy on the career preparation behaviors and major satisfactions of beauty majors.Methods: A total of 253 students were selected from two years of college cosmetology majors in Gyeonggi-do and Incheon. Data collected over two weeks from November 15 to November 30, 2021 was analyzed. Frequency analysis, as well as factor, reliability, correlation, and multiple regression analyses, were performed using SPSS program 26.0.Results: First, the study found a positive correlation between career decision self-efficacy, career preparation behaviors, and major satisfaction. Secondly, the study found that career decision self-efficacy bears a statistically significant (p<0.05) effect on job preparation and collection, career counseling, and career exploration. Third, the study found that career decisionmaking self-efficacy bears a statistically significant (p<0.05) effect on class and perception satisfaction. Fourth, the study found that career preparation behaviors carry a statistically significant effect on class satisfaction (p<0.05).Conclusion: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of self-efficacy on career decision-making in the career preparation behaviors and major satisfactions of college students majoring in cosmetology. The results of career decision self-efficacy bore a statistically significant effect on career preparation behaviors and major satisfaction.","PeriodicalId":8508,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Beauty and Cosmetology","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90575362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: This study aimed to collect basic data to educate adult men about the importance of skincare and to direct product research and development by identifying the use patterns of acne-only cosmetics in adult men based on the severity of their acne.Method: A nationwide online survey of 300 adult men in their 20s to 40s with acne-prone skin was conducted. The questionnaire had 36 questions in total, and questions related to acne occurrence and recognition level were evaluated using photos representing grades 1 to 6 of the Korean acne severity system listed in the Skin Science Journal, and data analysis was performed using the statistical package SPSS/WIN 23.0.Results: The longer the acne progression period, the higher the acne level. The skincare regimen involved acne-only cosmetics although studies have shown that the effectiveness of cosmetics is inadequate. Furthermore, in the acne group with low acne level, participants did not use dedicated cosmetics or take care of their skin because the cost was prohibitive and the problem was likely to worsen.Conclusion: This study provided insights on adult men's perceptions of acne-prone skin care and use of acne-only cosmetics based on the severity of acne. Further research by experts is required to confirm these findings.
{"title":"Severity of Acne and Use of Cosmetics in Adult Men","authors":"J. Kwon, Myung-sun Lee","doi":"10.20402/ajbc.2021.0232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20402/ajbc.2021.0232","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This study aimed to collect basic data to educate adult men about the importance of skincare and to direct product research and development by identifying the use patterns of acne-only cosmetics in adult men based on the severity of their acne.Method: A nationwide online survey of 300 adult men in their 20s to 40s with acne-prone skin was conducted. The questionnaire had 36 questions in total, and questions related to acne occurrence and recognition level were evaluated using photos representing grades 1 to 6 of the Korean acne severity system listed in the Skin Science Journal, and data analysis was performed using the statistical package SPSS/WIN 23.0.Results: The longer the acne progression period, the higher the acne level. The skincare regimen involved acne-only cosmetics although studies have shown that the effectiveness of cosmetics is inadequate. Furthermore, in the acne group with low acne level, participants did not use dedicated cosmetics or take care of their skin because the cost was prohibitive and the problem was likely to worsen.Conclusion: This study provided insights on adult men's perceptions of acne-prone skin care and use of acne-only cosmetics based on the severity of acne. Further research by experts is required to confirm these findings.","PeriodicalId":8508,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Beauty and Cosmetology","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82744270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: The present study investigated the potential use of Fagopyrum esculentum (F. esculentum) honey as a functional skin cosmetic by examining its antioxidant and antiaging effects on human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs).Methods: Total polyphenol content, total flavonoid content, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity of F. esculentum honey were analyzed. HDF cell viability was examined after treatment with F. esculentum honey and expression of genes encoding collagen and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis.Results: Analysis of antioxidant activity showed that total polyphenol content, total flavonoid content, and DPPH radical scavenging activity of F. esculentum honey increased in a dose-dependent manner. qRT-PCR analysis revealed an increase in mRNA expression of the collagen-producing genes, collagen type I alpha 1 chain (COL1A1) and collagen type III alpha 1 chain (COL3A1), whereas MMP1 and MMP3 expression decreased in HDFs treated with F. esculentum honey. Furthermore, F. esculentum honey protected HDFs from ultraviolet (UV) irradiation-induced cytotoxicity and reduced reactive oxygen species production. Expression of COL1A1 and COL3A1, which was reduced by UV irradiation, was restored in a dose-dependent manner, whereas expression of MMP1 and MMP3, which was increased by UV irradiation, was reduced in a dose-dependent manner in HDFs pretreated with F. esculentum honey.Conclusion: These findings indicate that F. esculentum honey is a natural antioxidant that is enriched in phenols and flavonoids and has the potential to act as an antiaging cosmetic ingredient due to its protective effects on UV irradiation-damaged skin cells.
{"title":"Potential Antioxidant and Antiphotoaging Effects of Fagopyrum esculentum Honey on Human Dermal Fibroblasts","authors":"Hyemin Kim, S. An, S. Bae","doi":"10.20402/ajbc.2021.0273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20402/ajbc.2021.0273","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The present study investigated the potential use of Fagopyrum esculentum (F. esculentum) honey as a functional skin cosmetic by examining its antioxidant and antiaging effects on human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs).Methods: Total polyphenol content, total flavonoid content, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity of F. esculentum honey were analyzed. HDF cell viability was examined after treatment with F. esculentum honey and expression of genes encoding collagen and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis.Results: Analysis of antioxidant activity showed that total polyphenol content, total flavonoid content, and DPPH radical scavenging activity of F. esculentum honey increased in a dose-dependent manner. qRT-PCR analysis revealed an increase in mRNA expression of the collagen-producing genes, collagen type I alpha 1 chain (COL1A1) and collagen type III alpha 1 chain (COL3A1), whereas MMP1 and MMP3 expression decreased in HDFs treated with F. esculentum honey. Furthermore, F. esculentum honey protected HDFs from ultraviolet (UV) irradiation-induced cytotoxicity and reduced reactive oxygen species production. Expression of COL1A1 and COL3A1, which was reduced by UV irradiation, was restored in a dose-dependent manner, whereas expression of MMP1 and MMP3, which was increased by UV irradiation, was reduced in a dose-dependent manner in HDFs pretreated with F. esculentum honey.Conclusion: These findings indicate that F. esculentum honey is a natural antioxidant that is enriched in phenols and flavonoids and has the potential to act as an antiaging cosmetic ingredient due to its protective effects on UV irradiation-damaged skin cells.","PeriodicalId":8508,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Beauty and Cosmetology","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84701981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: This study investigates the anti-melanogenic effects of lotus seed and seedpod extract in B16F10 murine melanoma cells, and demonstrates the possible mechanisms involved in anti-pigmentation.Methods: The lotus seed and seedpod extracts were prepared using 70% ethanol as solvent. The irritation potential of the extracts was investigated using water-soluble tetrazolium salt (WST-1)-based cytotoxicity assay and expression analysis of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL1β in B16F10 cells and HaCaT keratinocytes, respectively. The anti-melanogenic effects of the extracts were analyzed using intracellular melanin contents and tyrosinase activity assays. The effects of the extracts on tyrosinase expression were analyzed at the mRNA and protein levels. The effects of those extracts on the stability of tyrosinase protein were analyzed by evaluating the protein level after cycloheximide treatment.Results: WST-1-based cytotoxicity assay indicated that the concentration of ≤1.0% for lotus seed and seedpod extracts did not exhibit any cytotoxicity in B16F10 cells. Also, qRT-PCR analysis showed that the expression of IL-1β mRNAs was not increased by those concentrations of the extracts in HaCaT keratinocytes. Additionally, intracellular melanin contents assay showed that those extracts significantly inhibited α-MSH-induced melanin synthesis. Furthermore, cellular tyrosinase activity was significantly inhibited by the extracts. Additional investigations revealed that tyrosinase activity reduction was independent of its mRNA expression level, but dependent on its protein expression level. These findings were further confirmed by the results of the cycloheximide experiments stating that the protein stability of tyrosinase was reduced after the treatment with those extracts.Conclusion: Lotus seed and seedpod extracts showed anti-pigmentation effects by accelerating degradation of tyrosinase protein at the post-translation level in B16F10 cells.
{"title":"Anti-melanogenic Effect of Lotus Seed and Seedpod Extracts via Downregulation of Tyrosinase Stability in B16F10 Murine Melanoma Cells","authors":"H. Shin, Mihee M. Kim, B. Shin, S. Bae","doi":"10.20402/ajbc.2022.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20402/ajbc.2022.0004","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This study investigates the anti-melanogenic effects of lotus seed and seedpod extract in B16F10 murine melanoma cells, and demonstrates the possible mechanisms involved in anti-pigmentation.Methods: The lotus seed and seedpod extracts were prepared using 70% ethanol as solvent. The irritation potential of the extracts was investigated using water-soluble tetrazolium salt (WST-1)-based cytotoxicity assay and expression analysis of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL1β in B16F10 cells and HaCaT keratinocytes, respectively. The anti-melanogenic effects of the extracts were analyzed using intracellular melanin contents and tyrosinase activity assays. The effects of the extracts on tyrosinase expression were analyzed at the mRNA and protein levels. The effects of those extracts on the stability of tyrosinase protein were analyzed by evaluating the protein level after cycloheximide treatment.Results: WST-1-based cytotoxicity assay indicated that the concentration of ≤1.0% for lotus seed and seedpod extracts did not exhibit any cytotoxicity in B16F10 cells. Also, qRT-PCR analysis showed that the expression of IL-1β mRNAs was not increased by those concentrations of the extracts in HaCaT keratinocytes. Additionally, intracellular melanin contents assay showed that those extracts significantly inhibited α-MSH-induced melanin synthesis. Furthermore, cellular tyrosinase activity was significantly inhibited by the extracts. Additional investigations revealed that tyrosinase activity reduction was independent of its mRNA expression level, but dependent on its protein expression level. These findings were further confirmed by the results of the cycloheximide experiments stating that the protein stability of tyrosinase was reduced after the treatment with those extracts.Conclusion: Lotus seed and seedpod extracts showed anti-pigmentation effects by accelerating degradation of tyrosinase protein at the post-translation level in B16F10 cells.","PeriodicalId":8508,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Beauty and Cosmetology","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79830882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: To investigate the cosmetic effects of a chambirum (Amaranthus mangostamus) extract on the skincare by measuring the extract’s antioxidant, anti-wrinkle, and whitening.Methods: To confirm the antioxidant effect of chambirum, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity was determined. To confirm whitening effect of chambirum, tyrosinase inhibitory activity and melanin content were investigated. To confirm anti-wrinkle effect of chambirum, the elastase inhibition effect and type I procollagen production was assayed. B16F10 mouse melanoma cells and CCD986sk human dermal fibroblast cells were used to assay cell viability.Results: The DPPH radical scavenging activity of Amaranthus mangostanus ethanol extracts (AME) and Amaranthus mangostanus water extracts (AMW) was 49% and 56%, respectively, at 500 μg/mL. The SOD-like activity of AME and AMW was 67% and 57%, respectively, compared with that of the standard sample L-ascorbic acid at 38% at 1 mM. AME showed 25.9% (L-tyrosine) and 17.8% (L-DOPA), and AMW showed 23.4% (L-tyrosine) and 18.5% (L-DOPA) of tyrosinase inhibition assay. In addition, the intracellular melanin production in B16F10 mouse melanoma cells was decreased by AME and AMW by 25.5% and 24.0%, respectively. Additionally, the elastase inhibition assay results demonstrated inhibition by AME (19.7%) and AMW (17.2%) at 500 μg/mL and the amount of type I procollagen was shown to be insignificant. Furthermore, B16F10 mouse melanoma cells were 76% and 86% showed a viability 76% and 86% when treated with 100 μg/mL AME and AMW, respectively. CCD986sk fibroblast cells showed a viability 94.5% and 83.6% when we treated with 100 μg/mL AME and AMW, respectively.Conclusion: These results suggest that the chambirum (Amaranthus mangostamus) extract has excellent anti-oxidants, anti-wrinkle, and whitening effects. Therefore, it may have a significant industrial value as a functional material for cosmetic or anti-aging related bioproducts.
{"title":"Skin Whitening and Anti-wrinkle Effects of Chambirum (Amaranthus mangostanus)","authors":"In‐Hae Kim, Jae Hwa Lee","doi":"10.20402/ajbc.2021.0259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20402/ajbc.2021.0259","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To investigate the cosmetic effects of a chambirum (Amaranthus mangostamus) extract on the skincare by measuring the extract’s antioxidant, anti-wrinkle, and whitening.Methods: To confirm the antioxidant effect of chambirum, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity was determined. To confirm whitening effect of chambirum, tyrosinase inhibitory activity and melanin content were investigated. To confirm anti-wrinkle effect of chambirum, the elastase inhibition effect and type I procollagen production was assayed. B16F10 mouse melanoma cells and CCD986sk human dermal fibroblast cells were used to assay cell viability.Results: The DPPH radical scavenging activity of Amaranthus mangostanus ethanol extracts (AME) and Amaranthus mangostanus water extracts (AMW) was 49% and 56%, respectively, at 500 μg/mL. The SOD-like activity of AME and AMW was 67% and 57%, respectively, compared with that of the standard sample L-ascorbic acid at 38% at 1 mM. AME showed 25.9% (L-tyrosine) and 17.8% (L-DOPA), and AMW showed 23.4% (L-tyrosine) and 18.5% (L-DOPA) of tyrosinase inhibition assay. In addition, the intracellular melanin production in B16F10 mouse melanoma cells was decreased by AME and AMW by 25.5% and 24.0%, respectively. Additionally, the elastase inhibition assay results demonstrated inhibition by AME (19.7%) and AMW (17.2%) at 500 μg/mL and the amount of type I procollagen was shown to be insignificant. Furthermore, B16F10 mouse melanoma cells were 76% and 86% showed a viability 76% and 86% when treated with 100 μg/mL AME and AMW, respectively. CCD986sk fibroblast cells showed a viability 94.5% and 83.6% when we treated with 100 μg/mL AME and AMW, respectively.Conclusion: These results suggest that the chambirum (Amaranthus mangostamus) extract has excellent anti-oxidants, anti-wrinkle, and whitening effects. Therefore, it may have a significant industrial value as a functional material for cosmetic or anti-aging related bioproducts.","PeriodicalId":8508,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Beauty and Cosmetology","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78009601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 17 essential oils (EOs) on Escherichia coli (E. coli), including their antibacterial activity according to the concentration used and its extraction site.Methods: All 17 EOs were prepared by step dilution at concentrations of 0.5% (v/v) and 1% (v/v). EOs were dispensed into 96-well plates with bacterial culture aliquots and incubated for 18 h; then, their absorbance was measured using a microplate reader.Results: Culture absorbance showed that thyme white (TM), palmarosa (PR) and rosemary verbenone (RM) at concentrations of 0.5% (v/v) and 1% (v/v) showed high antibacterial activity, similar to that of ampicillin. Melisa true (MS), RM, PR, lavender Bulgarian (LV), lemon (LM), peppermint premium (PM) and eucalyptus bluegum (EC) also showed increased antibacterial activity in a concentration-dependent manner. Finally, TM, MS, RM, PR, and lemongrass (LG) extracted from leaves showed higher antibacterial activity than extracts from other organs.Conclusion: TM extracted from leaves showed an excellent antibacterial effect; it exhibited bacterial growth at the same level of ampicillin. It is a natural substance that suppresses the action of bacteria in the inflammatory reaction of the skin and that may be used as a raw material for customized cosmetics.
{"title":"The Antibacterial Activity of 17 Essential Oils against Escherichia coli","authors":"J. Park, Y. Yuk, Young Ki Lee, Jae Kyung Kim","doi":"10.20402/ajbc.2021.0263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20402/ajbc.2021.0263","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 17 essential oils (EOs) on Escherichia coli (E. coli), including their antibacterial activity according to the concentration used and its extraction site.Methods: All 17 EOs were prepared by step dilution at concentrations of 0.5% (v/v) and 1% (v/v). EOs were dispensed into 96-well plates with bacterial culture aliquots and incubated for 18 h; then, their absorbance was measured using a microplate reader.Results: Culture absorbance showed that thyme white (TM), palmarosa (PR) and rosemary verbenone (RM) at concentrations of 0.5% (v/v) and 1% (v/v) showed high antibacterial activity, similar to that of ampicillin. Melisa true (MS), RM, PR, lavender Bulgarian (LV), lemon (LM), peppermint premium (PM) and eucalyptus bluegum (EC) also showed increased antibacterial activity in a concentration-dependent manner. Finally, TM, MS, RM, PR, and lemongrass (LG) extracted from leaves showed higher antibacterial activity than extracts from other organs.Conclusion: TM extracted from leaves showed an excellent antibacterial effect; it exhibited bacterial growth at the same level of ampicillin. It is a natural substance that suppresses the action of bacteria in the inflammatory reaction of the skin and that may be used as a raw material for customized cosmetics.","PeriodicalId":8508,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Beauty and Cosmetology","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81875721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: This study aimed to identify consumer behavioral decisions based on the selection attributes of functional cosmetics. The structural relationship between consumers' attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control was empirically examined for this purpose.Method: As a theoretical model, behavioral studies on the selection attributes of functional cosmetics were proposed based on Ajzen's theory of planned behavior, and the collected data were analyzed using SPSS 22. After determining the selection attributes of functional cosmetics, a correlation analysis was performed to understand the correlation between consumer behavioral intentions leading to purchase.Result: It was verified that the higher the attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control, which are sub-elements of the theory of planned behavior (TPB), the higher the consumer behavioral intention of functional cosmetics. At this time, it was discovered that the higher the perceived behavioral control among the TPB, the higher the behavioral intention. Furthermore, as the behavioral intention increased, so did the preference for wrinkle improvement, whitening improvement and UV protection among the functional cosmetic selection attributes. In this case, wrinkle improvement was discovered to have the greatest influence on consumer behavioral intention in the structural relationship of functional cosmetic selection attributes.Conclusion: Recently, as the scope of functional cosmetics has expanded and consumer interest has increased, the needs and expectations of consumers for the use of functional cosmetics have diversified, as have the functional selection properties. Therefore, it is critical to carefully consider the characteristics of consumers to establish a marketing strategy for functional cosmetics. While most previous studies related to functional cosmetics focused solely on the purchasing behavior of consumers, this study is significant in that it identified the process of behavioral intention that determines consumer behavior leading to the purchase of functional cosmetics in greater detail.
{"title":"A Study of Consumer Choice Behavior Determination Applying the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) of Functional Cosmetics","authors":"Min-ah Jang, Jung Min Lee, S. Bae","doi":"10.20402/ajbc.2022.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20402/ajbc.2022.0003","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This study aimed to identify consumer behavioral decisions based on the selection attributes of functional cosmetics. The structural relationship between consumers' attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control was empirically examined for this purpose.Method: As a theoretical model, behavioral studies on the selection attributes of functional cosmetics were proposed based on Ajzen's theory of planned behavior, and the collected data were analyzed using SPSS 22. After determining the selection attributes of functional cosmetics, a correlation analysis was performed to understand the correlation between consumer behavioral intentions leading to purchase.Result: It was verified that the higher the attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control, which are sub-elements of the theory of planned behavior (TPB), the higher the consumer behavioral intention of functional cosmetics. At this time, it was discovered that the higher the perceived behavioral control among the TPB, the higher the behavioral intention. Furthermore, as the behavioral intention increased, so did the preference for wrinkle improvement, whitening improvement and UV protection among the functional cosmetic selection attributes. In this case, wrinkle improvement was discovered to have the greatest influence on consumer behavioral intention in the structural relationship of functional cosmetic selection attributes.Conclusion: Recently, as the scope of functional cosmetics has expanded and consumer interest has increased, the needs and expectations of consumers for the use of functional cosmetics have diversified, as have the functional selection properties. Therefore, it is critical to carefully consider the characteristics of consumers to establish a marketing strategy for functional cosmetics. While most previous studies related to functional cosmetics focused solely on the purchasing behavior of consumers, this study is significant in that it identified the process of behavioral intention that determines consumer behavior leading to the purchase of functional cosmetics in greater detail.","PeriodicalId":8508,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Beauty and Cosmetology","volume":"116 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76935833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: This study aims to strengthen job competency that is effectively used in the beauty industry. By analyzing the importance and performance level of the required basic job skills as per the national competency standards (NCS) of high school students specializing in beauty, job competency can be improved.Methods: A survey was conducted on 158 students enrolled in a specialized beauty high school in Seoul from March 22 to April 20, 2021. Frequency, factor, reliability, correlation, and simple regression analyses were performed. This study also used the importance–practicability analysis (IPA) matrix of basic vocational competency.Result: The IPA analysis results reveal that organizational understanding needs improvement. Moreover, as sub-areas, human resource capability, conflict management, negotiation, and technology application ability were identified, further confirming the urgent need for improvement. In addition, intense investment in this area is required. The higher the perceived social self-efficacy, the better information is provided with the help of others. Moreover, students’ ability to prepare for job search is greater, and the effect on organizational understanding is positive.Conclusion: Previous studies posited that the self-efficacy of university students has a positive effect on organizational understanding ability and confirmed that using the flipped learning teaching method improves the self-efficacy. The use of flipped learning in beauty as a subject, where theory and practical classes are mixed, and self-efficacy is used as a medium to strengthen organizational understanding, it is expected that it will help high school students specializing in beauty to adapt to the industry.
{"title":"Importance-Practicability Analysis of NCS-based Vocational Skills among Students in Beauty Specialized High School","authors":"Bo-Eul Kim, Jaeeun Lee, H. Chon","doi":"10.20402/ajbc.2021.0290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20402/ajbc.2021.0290","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This study aims to strengthen job competency that is effectively used in the beauty industry. By analyzing the importance and performance level of the required basic job skills as per the national competency standards (NCS) of high school students specializing in beauty, job competency can be improved.Methods: A survey was conducted on 158 students enrolled in a specialized beauty high school in Seoul from March 22 to April 20, 2021. Frequency, factor, reliability, correlation, and simple regression analyses were performed. This study also used the importance–practicability analysis (IPA) matrix of basic vocational competency.Result: The IPA analysis results reveal that organizational understanding needs improvement. Moreover, as sub-areas, human resource capability, conflict management, negotiation, and technology application ability were identified, further confirming the urgent need for improvement. In addition, intense investment in this area is required. The higher the perceived social self-efficacy, the better information is provided with the help of others. Moreover, students’ ability to prepare for job search is greater, and the effect on organizational understanding is positive.Conclusion: Previous studies posited that the self-efficacy of university students has a positive effect on organizational understanding ability and confirmed that using the flipped learning teaching method improves the self-efficacy. The use of flipped learning in beauty as a subject, where theory and practical classes are mixed, and self-efficacy is used as a medium to strengthen organizational understanding, it is expected that it will help high school students specializing in beauty to adapt to the industry.","PeriodicalId":8508,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Beauty and Cosmetology","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79989428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Functional materials with anti-aging properties that prevent aging in the human body in advance have been attracting attention in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries, and active research regarding cosmetic ingredients employing flavonoids among such substances is underway. Therefore, this general review assessed previous studies regarding the effect of various flavonoids on the skin according to their structural characteristics. In this study, the antioxidant, whitening, and antiinflammatory effects of flavonoids present in natural extracts were analyzed. Among the flavonoids, the collagen activity enhancing, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and whitening effects of apigenin, baicalein, genistein, naringenin, hesperetin, proanthocyanidins, quercetin, and kaempferol were evaluated. In addition, a study conducted to increase the bioavailability of flavonoids by converting them into clathrates using the structural characteristics of β-cyclodextrin, which further analyzed the difference in the effects of glycoside-containing and non-glycoside flavonoids, was reviewed. Another study reported that the 3'-hydroxyl functional group of flavonoids plays an important role in their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities; hence, effects consequent to the modification of their molecular structure were expected. Therefore, the studies that suggest that structural modifications can supplement the efficacy of verified flavonoids are considered to be valid. In future, flavonoids may be used as a stable anti-aging material on the basis of this study on their effects on the skin according to their structural characteristics.
{"title":"Effects of Flavonoids on Skin according to Their Structural Characteristics: A Review","authors":"Jaeeun Lee, Seyeon Park","doi":"10.20402/ajbc.2022.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20402/ajbc.2022.0006","url":null,"abstract":"Functional materials with anti-aging properties that prevent aging in the human body in advance have been attracting attention in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries, and active research regarding cosmetic ingredients employing flavonoids among such substances is underway. Therefore, this general review assessed previous studies regarding the effect of various flavonoids on the skin according to their structural characteristics. In this study, the antioxidant, whitening, and antiinflammatory effects of flavonoids present in natural extracts were analyzed. Among the flavonoids, the collagen activity enhancing, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and whitening effects of apigenin, baicalein, genistein, naringenin, hesperetin, proanthocyanidins, quercetin, and kaempferol were evaluated. In addition, a study conducted to increase the bioavailability of flavonoids by converting them into clathrates using the structural characteristics of β-cyclodextrin, which further analyzed the difference in the effects of glycoside-containing and non-glycoside flavonoids, was reviewed. Another study reported that the 3'-hydroxyl functional group of flavonoids plays an important role in their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities; hence, effects consequent to the modification of their molecular structure were expected. Therefore, the studies that suggest that structural modifications can supplement the efficacy of verified flavonoids are considered to be valid. In future, flavonoids may be used as a stable anti-aging material on the basis of this study on their effects on the skin according to their structural characteristics.","PeriodicalId":8508,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Beauty and Cosmetology","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73722613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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