Applied Animal Science最新文献_第9页

Evaluating supplementation programs for growing calves grazing bermudagrass pastures 评估生长中的犊牛放牧百慕大草牧场的补充方案

IF 1.5 Q3 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Applied Animal Science

Pub Date : 2024-03-27 DOI: 10.15232/aas.2023-02494

A.M. Womack , PAS, E.B. Kegley , PAS, Shane Gadberry , PAS, T. Hess , D. Hubbell , P.A. Beck , PAS

Objective

Our objective was to determine gain in response to hand-fed (HF) or self-fed (SF) summer supplementation programs at the University of Arkansas Livestock and Forestry Research Station, on twenty 0.81-ha common bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon [L.] Pers.) pastures at a stocking rate of 6.17 calves/ha (BW ± SD = 247 ± 24.6) over 3 yr.

Materials and Methods

This experiment was designed in a 2 × 2 + 1 factorial arrangement of treatments including control (CON), with only free-choice mineral; HF, 1.13 kg/d byproduct-based supplement offered only late summer (LS) or all summer (AS); or SF tub supplement (PVM Cattle Tub, Positive Feed Ltd., Sealy, TX) either LS or AS. The HF supplement in yr 1 was a 50:50 blend of soybean hulls and corn gluten feed, in yr 2 an extruded dried distillers grains cube (MasterHand Milling, Lexington, NE) was used, and in yr 3 corn gluten feed was the HF supplement. Data were analyzed as a generalized randomized complete block design using the mixed procedure of SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). Fixed effects in the model included supplementation treatment, year, and year × treatment interaction.

Results and Discussion

Even though different HF supplements were used each year, there were no year × treatment interactions. Early summer ADG was greater for HFAS than CON and SFAS, whereas supplemental efficiency (kg added gain/kg supplement) in early summer was less for SFAS than HFAS. Late summer ADG was greater for HF treatments than SF treatments and CON, whereas SF did not differ among supplement treatments. Cost of added gain was $28.33 and $16.14/kg for SFAS and SFLS, respectively, compared with $3.32 and $1.68/ kg for HFAS and HFLS, respectively.

Implications and Applications

Calves on this experiment did not respond as expected to the SF supplement, likely because the bermudagrass pastures in this experiment averaged over 13% CP and were in excess of 10% even in the LS sampling periods. Depending on supplement delivery costs, the most cost-effective way to add gain with supplement to growing calves grazing bermudagrass pasture is by HF.

目标我们的目标是确定阿肯色大学畜牧和林业研究站在 20 个 0.81 公顷的普通百慕大草（Cynodon dactylon [L.] Pers.）牧场上，在 6.17 头小牛/公顷的放养率下（体重 ± SD = 247 ± 24.材料与方法本实验采用 2 × 2 + 1 因式排列，处理包括：对照组（CON），仅提供自由选择的矿物质；HF，仅在夏末（LS）或整个夏季（AS）提供 1.13 千克/天的副产品补充剂；或 SF 浴盆补充剂（PVM 牛浴盆，Positive Feed Ltd., Sealy, TX、SF浴盆补充剂（PVM牛浴盆，Positive Feed Ltd，德克萨斯州西利市）。第 1 年的高频补充剂是大豆壳和玉米麸质饲料按 50:50 的比例混合而成，第 2 年使用的是挤压干燥的蒸馏谷物立方体（MasterHand Milling，莱克星顿，东北部），第 3 年的高频补充剂是玉米麸质饲料。数据采用 SAS（SAS Institute Inc.）模型中的固定效应包括添加处理、年份和年份 × 处理交互作用。结果与讨论尽管每年使用不同的高频添加剂，但并不存在年份 × 处理交互作用。夏初高频补饲的ADG高于CON和SFAS，而夏初SFAS的补饲效率（千克添加增重/千克补饲物）低于高频补饲。高频处理的夏末平均日增重高于低频处理和中频处理，而低频处理与中频处理之间没有差异。SFAS和SFLS的增重成本分别为28.33美元/公斤和16.14美元/公斤，而HFAS和HFLS的增重成本分别为3.32美元/公斤和1.68美元/公斤。根据补饲成本的不同，对放牧百慕大草牧草的生长犊牛进行补饲以提高增重的最经济有效的方法是高频补饲。

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引用次数: 0

Perspective and Commentary: Effects of conversion of farmland to an integrated beef cattle grazing operation and water use in the Southern Plains and Ogallala Aquifer of the USA 观点与评论：美国南部平原和奥加拉拉含水层农田转为肉牛综合放牧和用水的影响

IF 1.5 Q3 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Applied Animal Science

Pub Date : 2024-03-27 DOI: 10.15232/aas.2023-02506

Miles E. Theurer , Jonathan Aguilar , Rachael Clews , J. Trent Fox , Gina Gigot , Marc Gigot , Tom M. Jones , Darrin McGraw , Justin W. Waggoner

Purpose

The objectives were to quantify the amount of water savings by converting farmland to an integrated cattle grazing operation through farming practices and cattle requirements, quantify estimated water savings from Thunderstruck Farms over a 20-yr period in relationship to a nearby municipality, and evaluate cattle water intake in backgrounding and feedlot phases.

Sources

Thunderstruck Farms is located near Garden City, Kansas, which has 3,035 irrigated hectares with the primary water source coming from the Ogallala Aquifer. In 2018 Thunderstruck Farms entered all its irrigated land into a water conservation area (WCA) to conserve water resources, and all crops grown are used for silage, hay, or pasture to support the dairy and feedyard enterprises in the region. Historical water and nitrogen use from Thunderstruck Farms was evaluated from 2013 through 2022. Light-weight beef cattle (181–272 kg) graze these irrigated pastures (approximately 120 d). Following the grazing season, the cattle are finished at Hy-Plains Feedyard (Montezuma, KS).

Synthesis

Thunderstruck Farms is allocated 22.9 billion liters of water annually for stock water and irrigation purposes. Thunderstruck Farms used 50.8 billion liters less water than allocated, with 57.8% of the conservation occurring during the 5-yr period of the WCA. Average nitrogen administration has decreased 39% per year since entering into the WCA. During the same period, Thunderstruck Farms has produced 2.8 million kilograms of total weight gain of beef; beef cattle were then transferred to Hy-Plains Feedyard to finish. Based on the calculations from this research, the average amount of water saved over a 4-yr period by decreasing commodity resource use by grazing cattle would average 1.1 billion liters of water each year per 4,047 ha. On average, cattle consumed 17.94 L/ head per day while grazing. Peak monthly water use corresponded with average ambient temperature peak during the summer months.

Conclusions and Applications

Integrated grazing systems reduce the inputs required for cattle to reach a slaughter endpoint. They also may improve soil health. All of these practices result in more water availability for surrounding municipalities and allow for a thriving local economy.

目的通过耕作方式和牛的需求，量化农田转为综合牧场后的节水量，量化雷霆农场与附近城市 20 年间的估计节水量，并评估牛在背景饲养和饲养场阶段的取水量。2018 年，Thunderstruck 农场将其所有灌溉土地划入水源保护区 (WCA)，以保护水资源，种植的所有作物均用于青贮、干草或牧草，以支持该地区的乳制品和饲料厂企业。对雷霆农场从 2013 年到 2022 年的历史用水量和氮用量进行了评估。轻型肉牛（181-272 千克）在这些灌溉草场上放牧（约 120 天）。在放牧季节结束后，牛群在 Hy-Plains Feedyard（肯萨斯州蒙特祖马）完成屠宰。综述雷霆农场每年分配 229 亿升水用于牲畜用水和灌溉。Thunderstruck 农场的用水量比分配水量少 508 亿升，其中 57.8%的节水发生在 WCA 的 5 年期间。自加入 WCA 以来，平均施氮量每年减少 39%。同期，雷霆农场生产了 280 万公斤总增重的牛肉；随后，肉牛被转移到 Hy-Plains Feedyard 完成屠宰。根据这项研究的计算，在 4 年的时间里，通过减少放牧牛群对商品资源的使用，平均每年每 4047 公顷可节约 11 亿升水。牛在放牧期间平均每天消耗 17.94 升/头。结论与应用综合放牧系统减少了牛达到屠宰终点所需的投入。它们还可以改善土壤健康。所有这些做法都为周边城市提供了更多的水源，促进了当地经济的繁荣。

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引用次数: 0

Classification of postpartum beef cows as estrous cycling or anestrous through the use of estrus detection patches prior to the start of the breeding season 通过在繁殖季节开始前使用发情检测贴片，将产后肉牛划分为发情周期牛和无情牛

IF 1.5 Q3 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Applied Animal Science

Pub Date : 2024-03-27 DOI: 10.15232/aas.2023-02474

E.G. Smith , K.R. Ricardo , G.M. VanWye , L.J. Palcheff , R.C. Bonacker , C.M. Andersen , J.M. Thomas

Objective

Two experiments were designed to evaluate use of estrus detection patches (Estrotect Breeding Indi- cators; Hermitage, TN) applied to postpartum cows 24 d before estrus synchronization as a diagnostic tool to clas- sify postpartum beef cows as estrous cycling or anestrous.

Materials and Methods

Estrous cyclicity was de- termined via blood samples (experiment 1) or transrectal ovarian ultrasonography (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, blood samples were collected from 257 cows 10 d before, and coincident with the start of synchronization. Serum progesterone concentrations were determined via radioim- munoassay; cows were considered cycling if one or both samples exceeded 0.5 ng/mL.

Results and Discussion

Based on progesterone, 55% were cycling at the start of estrus synchronization. Use of activated patches to infer cyclicity resulted in 85% sensi- tivity and 79% specificity. However, 75% of cows presented with missing patches. If missing patches were considered activated, sensitivity was 96% but specificity was 16%, In Experiment 2, estrous cyclicity status was determined for 269 cows via transrectal ovarian ultrasonography coinci- dent with the start of estrus synchronization. Cows were classified as cycling based on the presence of a corpus lu- teum. Based on transrectal ovarian ultrasonography, 59% (161/269) were cycling at the start of estrus synchroniza- tion. Of cows receiving patches, 95% (256/269) retained patches for the full 24-d period. Use of activated patches to infer cyclicity resulted in 89% sensitivity and 68% speci- ficity in Experiment 2.

Implications and Applications

Estrus detection patches are a sensitive tool to classify postpartum cows as cycling before the start of the breeding season; however, patch retention could limit application for this purpose.

目的设计了两项实验，以评估在同步发情前 24 d 在产后奶牛身上贴发情检测贴片（Estrotect Breeding Indi-cators；Hermitage，TN）作为诊断工具的使用情况，从而将产后肉牛划分为发情周期期或无发情期。材料与方法通过血液样本（实验 1）或经直肠卵巢超声波检查（实验 2）确定发情周期期。在实验 1 中，257 头奶牛在同步化开始前 10 天采集了血液样本。血清孕酮浓度通过放射免疫法测定；如果一个或两个样本的孕酮浓度都超过 0.5 纳克/毫升，则认为奶牛处于周期性发情期。使用活性贴片推断周期性发情的灵敏度为 85%，特异性为 79%。然而，有 75% 的奶牛出现斑块缺失。在实验 2 中，通过经直肠卵巢超声波检查确定了 269 头奶牛的发情周期状态。奶牛是否处于周期性发情状态取决于是否存在卵巢。根据经直肠卵巢超声波检查，59%（161/269）的奶牛在同步发情开始时处于周期性发情状态。在接受贴片的奶牛中，95%（256/269）的奶牛在整个 24 天期间保留了贴片。在实验 2 中，使用激活的贴片来推断周期性发情的灵敏度为 89%，特异度为 68%。意义和应用发情检测贴片是一种灵敏的工具，可将产后奶牛归类为在繁殖季节开始前周期性发情的奶牛；但是，贴片的保留可能会限制贴片的应用。

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引用次数: 0

A cooperative study assessing the effects of a second iron injection administered before weaning on growth performance, hematological status, and tissue mineral concentrations of nursery pigs* 一项合作研究，评估断奶前注射第二次铁剂对育肥猪生长性能、血液状态和组织矿物质浓度的影响*

IF 1.5 Q3 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Applied Animal Science

Pub Date : 2024-03-27 DOI: 10.15232/aas.2023-02480

T.B. Chevalier , O. Adeola , S.D. Carter , C.R. Dove , M.J. Estienne , C.L. Levesque , C.V. Maxwell , T. Tsai , M.D. Lindemann

Objective

A study involving 7 experiment stations evaluated the effects of a second iron injection adminis- tered before weaning on growth and hematological mea- sures of pigs.

Materials and Methods

Pigs (n = 514) were given an iron injection (100–200 mg) on the first day of life. Piglets were then allotted to pairs of similar-weight, same- sex siblings 3 to 5 d before weaning (on d 18–24) with one piglet from each pair receiving a second iron injection. All pigs received common station-specific postweaning diets. Data were subjected to ANOVA with the model contain- ing the terms treatment, station, pair within station, and treatment × station interaction.

Results and Discussion

Postweaning ADG was greater for the added-injection group during during 0 to 14 d after weaning, but the response (212.5 vs. 202.6 g) was largely influenced by a single station as evidenced by a treatment × station interaction. The tendency for a treatment × station interaction for overall ADG (d −4 to 28) indicated that iron status was not the most limiting factor for growth at all stations. Hemoglobin concentra- tion was greater for the added-injection group at weaning and d 14 after weaning.

Implications and Applications

An additional iron injection before weaning may lead to improved early nursery growth; however, the beneficial effects of an additional iron injection are not universal and are likely dependent on unique herd characteristics including timing and total dosage of iron injections as well as nursery diet supple- mentation.

目的一项涉及 7 个实验站的研究评估了断奶前注射第二次铁剂对猪生长和血液学指标的影响。然后在断奶前 3 到 5 天（第 18-24 天）将仔猪分配到体重相近、性别相同的兄弟姐妹中，每对中有一头仔猪接受第二次铁注射。断奶后，所有猪只均食用同一站的特定日粮。对数据进行方差分析，模型中包含处理、站、站内配对和处理 × 站交互作用等项。结果与讨论断奶后 0 到 14 d 内，添加注射剂组的断奶后 ADG 更大，但反应（212.5 g 对 202.6 g）在很大程度上受单个站的影响，这体现在处理 × 站交互作用上。总体 ADG（第 4 天至第 28 天）的处理 × 工位交互作用趋势表明，铁的状况并不是所有工位生长的最大限制因素。在断奶时和断奶后第 14 d，添加注射剂组的血红蛋白浓度更高。意义和应用在断奶前额外注射铁剂可能会改善早期育肥猪的生长；然而，额外注射铁剂的有益效果并不普遍，可能取决于独特的牛群特征，包括注射铁剂的时间和总剂量以及育肥猪的日粮供应。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of short-term nutritional increase before artificial insemination on average daily gain and reproductive efficiency in March-calving beef heifer development systems 人工授精前短期增加营养对三月产犊肉用小母牛发育系统平均日增重和繁殖效率的影响

IF 1.5 Q3 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Applied Animal Science

Pub Date : 2024-03-27 DOI: 10.15232/aas.2023-02399

L.F. Tadich , R.E.S. Rogers , R.N. Funston

Objective

Our objective was to evaluate increased nu- tritional energy before AI on BW, ADG, and reproductive efficiency in heifers developed on range or in a drylot.

Materials and Methods

A 3-yr study used Angus crossbred heifers (n = 100/yr) near North Platte, Nebras- ka. Heifers were stratified by BW and assigned to 1 of 3 treatments. During winter development (131 ± 3.5 d/yr), heifers grazed upland range (RANGE) or were fed a drylot diet in 2 pens with a targeted gain of 0.68 kg/d to achieve 65% of mature BW (6.35 kg/head per day hay, 2.27 kg/ head per day wet corn gluten feed, and 0.34 kg/head per day supplement). Thirty-three days before AI, one dry- lot group remained on this diet (DLLO) while the other (DLHI) received an additional 4.08 kg/head per day wet corn gluten feed. Heifers developed on RANGE received 0.45 kg/head per day of a 29% CP, dried distillers grain– based pellet until 38 d before AI, when they were fed the DLLO diet.

Results and Discussion

Prebreeding BW was great- er for DLHI (375 ± 3.4 kg) and DLLO (363 ± 3.4 kg) compared with RANGE (312 ± 3.4 kg), but breeding ADG was greater for RANGE (0.69 ± 0.01 kg) compared with DLHI (0.35 ± 0.02 kg) and DLLO (0.37 ± 0.02 kg). Pregnancy rates to AI were similar among DLHI (69%), DLLO (63%), and RANGE (49%); final pregnancy rates tended to be different: DLHI (96%), DLLO (95%) and RANGE (84%). Calving rate and calving in the first 21 d was similar.

Implications and Applications

Greater nutrient and energy intake for DLHI and DLLO led to greater BW and ADG compared with RANGE, but short-term nutri- tional increase had no effect on pregnancy rate to AI nor final pregnancy rates.

目标我们的目标是评估在人工授精前增加过渡能量对在牧场或干牧场培育的小母牛的体重、ADG 和繁殖效率的影响。材料和方法一项为期 3 年的研究使用了内布拉斯加州北普拉特附近的安格斯杂交小母牛（n = 100 头/年）。母牛按体重分层，并分配到 3 种处理中的 1 种。在冬季生长发育期间（131 ± 3.5 d/年），小母牛在高地牧场（RANGE）放牧，或在 2 个栏中饲喂干饲料，目标增重为 0.68 kg/d，以达到成熟体重的 65%（干草 6.35 kg/头/天，湿玉米麸质饲料 2.27 kg/头/天，补充饲料 0.34 kg/头/天）。在人工授精前 33 天，一个干批组（DLLO）仍使用这种日粮，而另一个干批组（DLHI）则每天额外添加 4.08 千克/头的湿玉米麸质饲料。在 RANGE 上发育的小母牛每天每头摄入 0.45 千克 CP 含量为 29% 的干蒸馏谷物颗粒饲料，直到人工授精前 38 天才开始饲喂 DLLO 日粮。4 kg）和 DLLO（363 ± 3.4 kg）比 RANGE（312 ± 3.4 kg）高，但 RANGE 的育成 ADG（0.69 ± 0.01 kg）比 DLHI（0.35 ± 0.02 kg）和 DLLO（0.37 ± 0.02 kg）高。DLHI（69%）、DLLO（63%）和 RANGE（49%）的人工授精妊娠率相似，但最终妊娠率往往不同：DLHI（96%）、DLLO（95%）和 RANGE（84%）。意义和应用与 RANGE 相比，DLHI 和 DLLO 的营养和能量摄入量更高，体重和 ADG 也更大，但短期营养的增加对人工授精妊娠率和最终妊娠率没有影响。

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引用次数: 0

Assessment of weaning and backgrounding management practices used by Alabama beef cattle producers 评估阿拉巴马州肉牛生产商采用的断奶和育肥管理方法

IF 1.5 Q3 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Applied Animal Science

Pub Date : 2024-03-27 DOI: 10.15232/aas.2023-02467

S. Maggie Justice , M. Kimberly Mullenix , D. Alex Tigue , Michelle F. Elmore , S.L. Dillard , W.B. Smith , Max Runge , W. Ken Kelley

Objective

Beef calf management strategies used during the weaning and postweaning period can have extended effects on growth performance and health in the production chain. With the number of different practices beef cow-calf operators can use during these stages of production, it is important for Extension educators to understand which management strategies are most commonly used and where educational gaps might exist. The objective of this study was to determine farmer perceptions, on-farm applications, and potential barriers to adopting beef calf weaning and backgrounding strategies among Alabama producers.

Materials and Methods

An online survey with 24 total questions was developed and distributed to cattle producers in the state of Alabama in March 2022. Questions addressed whether producers use managed weaning and backgrounding strategies, and respondents followed a predetermined question track based on this response.

Results and Discussion

A total of 214 complete responses were received with 94% of respondents considering their operation to be a cow-calf operation. Most participants (46%) had a herd size of 50 cows or less. Abrupt weaning was the most widely used method of weaning (55%) among producers. Over half (61%) of producers indicated they background their calves, and another 25% stated that they do in some years but not always. For respondents that do not background their calves, market unpredictability is the main driver surrounding the decision to keep calves for backgrounding or to sell immediately after weaning. Key challenges producers who practice managed weaning and backgrounding strategies face in their operations include input costs, land availability, and market predictability. Methods for marketing backgrounded calves differed across respondents, with 49% of respondents using local livestock auctions to sell calves.

Implications and Applications

Developing demonstration data models to address cost benefits of weaning and backgrounding may help producers evaluate areas of challenges identified in this survey. Extension educators can apply these data to create resources centered around backgrounding cattle to help improve potential applications of management after weaning.

目标在断奶期和断奶后使用的肉牛犊牛管理策略可对生产链中的生长性能和健康产生广泛影响。由于肉牛-小牛饲养者在这些生产阶段可采用多种不同的方法，因此推广教育工作者必须了解哪些管理策略最常用，以及在哪些方面可能存在教育差距。本研究的目的是确定阿拉巴马州生产者对采用肉牛犊断奶和背景饲养策略的看法、农场应用情况和潜在障碍。材料和方法 2022 年 3 月，我们编制了一份在线调查问卷，共 24 个问题，并分发给阿拉巴马州的养牛生产者。问题涉及生产者是否使用管理性断奶和背景饲养策略，受访者根据这一回答按照预先确定的问题轨迹进行回答。结果与讨论共收到 214 份完整的回答，94% 的受访者认为他们的经营是奶牛-小牛经营。大多数参与者（46%）的牛群规模在 50 头奶牛或以下。快速断奶是生产者使用最广泛的断奶方法（55%）。半数以上（61%）的生产者表示会对犊牛进行背景调查，另有 25% 的生产者表示在某些年份会对犊牛进行背景调查，但并非总是如此。对于不对犊牛进行背景处理的受访者来说，市场的不可预测性是决定保留犊牛进行背景处理还是在断奶后立即出售的主要原因。采用管理性断奶和背景处理策略的生产商在经营中面临的主要挑战包括投入成本、土地供应和市场可预测性。受访者销售背景犊牛的方法各不相同，49% 的受访者利用当地牲畜拍卖会出售犊牛。推广教育者可应用这些数据创建以牛背景为中心的资源，帮助改进断奶后管理的潜在应用。

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引用次数: 0

Call for Submissions 征集作品

IF 1.5 Q3 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Applied Animal Science

Pub Date : 2024-03-27 DOI: 10.1016/S2590-2865(24)00043-0

引用次数: 0

Interaction of an herbicide containing aminopyralid and metsulfuron and nitrogen fertilizer in tall fescue pastures grazed by stocker cattle 含有氨吡菌酰胺和甲磺隆的除草剂与氮肥在放养牛放牧的高羊茅牧场中的相互作用

IF 1.5 Q3 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Applied Animal Science

Pub Date : 2024-03-27 DOI: 10.15232/aas.2023-02451

Eric A. Bailey , Mikaela J. Adams , Kevin R. Meng , Joshua M. Zeltwanger , Derek W. Brake , Xiangwei Du

Objective

Our objective was to evaluate the effects of an herbicide containing aminopyralid and metsulfuron (Chapparal; Corteva Agriscience, Indianapolis, IN) follow- ing spring-applied nitrogen fertilizer on stocker cattle per- formance, forage species composition, seedhead density, and ergovaline concentration.

Materials and Methods

Each year (n = 3), 96 steers (266 ± 19.3 kg) were randomly assigned to sixteen 1.8-ha pastures. Pastures were randomly assigned 1 of 4 treat- ments: no herbicide or nitrogen (NEGCON) or herbi- cide (140 g/ha) with 0 kg/ha N (CHAP0N), 67 kg/ha N (CHAP67N), or 134 kg/ha N (CHAP134N). Ammonium nitrate was applied March 7 ±3.6 d, and herbicide was applied April 14 ±1.5 d. Steers began grazing 72 h after herbicide application. Steer weight, standing forage height, forage nutritive value, and alkaloid concentrations in tall fescue tillers were measured monthly. Tall fescue seedhead frequency and forage species frequency were col- lected June 14 ±3.1 d.

Results and Discussion

Tall fescue seedheads were reduced by 68% within pastures receiving herbicide. Her- bicide application did not affect ergovaline concentration, but ergovaline concentration increased across months. Ni- trogen fertilizer tended to quadratically increase forage mass. Steer ADG was greater in pastures treated with fertilizer and herbicide than in those not treated.

Implications and Applications

Under the condi- tions of this experiment, application of herbicide contain- ing aminopyralid and metsulfuron to tall fescue pastures decreased seedhead concentration but did not affect ergov- aline. Nitrogen fertilizer increased forage mass on pastures treated with herbicide, and the combination improved steer gain under a short-duration continuously grazed sys- tem.

目标我们的目标是评估春季施用氮肥后，使用含有氨吡菌酰胺和甲磺隆的除草剂（Chapparal；Corteva Agriscience，印第安纳波利斯，印第安纳州）对肉牛生产性能、牧草物种组成、种头密度和麦角碱浓度的影响。牧场随机分配 4 种处理中的一种：不施用除草剂或氮肥（NEGCON），或施用除草剂（140 克/公顷）和 0 千克/公顷氮肥（CHAP0N）、67 千克/公顷氮肥（CHAP67N）或 134 千克/公顷氮肥（CHAP134N）。硝酸铵施用时间为 3 月 7 日 ±3.6 天，除草剂施用时间为 4 月 14 日 ±1.5 天。每月测量牛的体重、立草高度、牧草营养价值和高羊茅分蘖中的生物碱浓度。结果与讨论在施用除草剂的牧场中，高羊茅苗头减少了 68%。施用除草剂不会影响麦角新碱的浓度，但麦角新碱的浓度在不同月份有所增加。氮肥往往会以二次方的方式增加牧草质量。在本实验的条件下，在高羊茅牧场施用含有氨吡菌酰胺和甲磺隆的除草剂会降低种头浓度，但不会影响麦角碱。在施用除草剂的牧场上，氮肥增加了牧草的质量，在短时间连续放牧的条件下，氮肥和除草剂的组合提高了骏马的增重。

{"title":"Interaction of an herbicide containing aminopyralid and metsulfuron and nitrogen fertilizer in tall fescue pastures grazed by stocker cattle","authors":"Eric A. Bailey , Mikaela J. Adams , Kevin R. Meng , Joshua M. Zeltwanger , Derek W. Brake , Xiangwei Du","doi":"10.15232/aas.2023-02451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15232/aas.2023-02451","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Our objective was to evaluate the effects of an herbicide containing aminopyralid and metsulfuron (Chapparal; Corteva Agriscience, Indianapolis, IN) follow- ing spring-applied nitrogen fertilizer on stocker cattle per- formance, forage species composition, seedhead density, and ergovaline concentration.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><p>Each year (n = 3), 96 steers (266 ± 19.3 kg) were randomly assigned to sixteen 1.8-ha pastures. Pastures were randomly assigned 1 of 4 treat- ments: no herbicide or nitrogen (NEGCON) or herbi- cide (140 g/ha) with 0 kg/ha N (CHAP0N), 67 kg/ha N (CHAP67N), or 134 kg/ha N (CHAP134N). Ammonium nitrate was applied March 7 ±3.6 d, and herbicide was applied April 14 ±1.5 d. Steers began grazing 72 h after herbicide application. Steer weight, standing forage height, forage nutritive value, and alkaloid concentrations in tall fescue tillers were measured monthly. Tall fescue seedhead frequency and forage species frequency were col- lected June 14 ±3.1 d.</p></div><div><h3>Results and Discussion</h3><p>Tall fescue seedheads were reduced by 68% within pastures receiving herbicide. Her- bicide application did not affect ergovaline concentration, but ergovaline concentration increased across months. Ni- trogen fertilizer tended to quadratically increase forage mass. Steer ADG was greater in pastures treated with fertilizer and herbicide than in those not treated.</p></div><div><h3>Implications and Applications</h3><p>Under the condi- tions of this experiment, application of herbicide contain- ing aminopyralid and metsulfuron to tall fescue pastures decreased seedhead concentration but did not affect ergov- aline. Nitrogen fertilizer increased forage mass on pastures treated with herbicide, and the combination improved steer gain under a short-duration continuously grazed sys- tem.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8519,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Science","volume":"40 2","pages":"Pages 103-111"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590286524000181/pdf?md5=eafa82908f51d5c16a7100051523cf66&pid=1-s2.0-S2590286524000181-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140295937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Correlation of residual feed intake, residual average daily gain, and residual intake and gain to carcass and steak characteristics of Hereford × Brahman steers 残余采食量、残余平均日增重、残余采食量和增重与赫里福德牛×婆罗门牛胴体和牛排特征的相关性

IF 1.5 Q3 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Applied Animal Science

Pub Date : 2024-03-27 DOI: 10.15232/aas.2023-02445

T.J. Machado , K.L. Montemayor , F.M. Rouquette Jr , R. Reuter , J.C. Paschal , R.D. Randel

Objective

Our objective was to expand the understanding of Bos indicus feed efficiency by utilizing Hereford × Brahman steers to determine if residual feed intake (RFI), residual average daily gain (RADG), and residual intake and gain (RIG) influence carcass and steak characteristics.

Materials and Methods

Hereford × Brahman steers (n = 29; age ± SD = 261 ± 41 d) were transported to a facility with a GrowSafe System (GrowSafe Systems Ltd.) to determine RFI, RADG, and RIG, then to a feedyard (BW of 391 ± 39.0 kg), fed 89 d, and slaughtered (BW 731 ± 70 kg). Steers were categorized on their value compared with the mean (x) for RFI, RADG, and RIG into groups of efficient, less efficient, less inefficient, and inefficient.

Results and Discussion

Efficiency measurements RFI, RADG, and RIG were not correlated with carcass or steak characteristics. Carcasses from less inefficient RADG steers had the least internal fat. Carcasses from less efficient RIG steers had the most adjusted backfat, and less inefficient RIG steers had lower yield grades than the less efficient and inefficient RIG steers. Steaks from the less inefficient RFI steers were tougher than the efficient and less efficient RFI. All other carcass and steak characteristics were not different.

Implications and Applications

The results provide information about RFI, RADG, and RIG for Brahman- influenced herds and consideration of the small sample size should occur when applying the information to management decisions for beef herds.

目标我们的目标是利用赫里福德×婆罗门母牛来确定剩余采食量 (RFI)、剩余平均日增重 (RADG) 和剩余采食量与增重 (RIG) 是否会影响胴体和牛排的特性，从而扩大对雏牛饲料效率的了解。材料与方法将牧羊犬 × 婆罗门牛（n = 29；年龄 ± SD = 261 ± 41 d）运到装有 GrowSafe 系统（GrowSafe 系统有限公司）的设施，以测定 RFI、RADG 和 RIG，然后运到饲养场（体重为 391 ± 39.0 kg），饲养 89 d 后屠宰（体重为 731 ± 70 kg）。根据其与 RFI、RADG 和 RIG 平均值 (x) 的比较值，将阉牛分为高效组、低效组、低效组和低效组。效率较低的 RADG 牛的胴体内部脂肪最少。效率较低的 RIG 牛的胴体具有最多的调整后背脂，与效率较低和效率较低的 RIG 牛相比，效率较低的 RIG 牛的产量等级较低。效率较低的 RFI 牛的牛排比效率高和效率低的 RFI 牛更硬。该结果提供了有关受婆罗门影响的牛群的 RFI、RADG 和 RIG 的信息，在将这些信息应用于牛群管理决策时应考虑到样本量较小的问题。

{"title":"Correlation of residual feed intake, residual average daily gain, and residual intake and gain to carcass and steak characteristics of Hereford × Brahman steers","authors":"T.J. Machado , K.L. Montemayor , F.M. Rouquette Jr , R. Reuter , J.C. Paschal , R.D. Randel","doi":"10.15232/aas.2023-02445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15232/aas.2023-02445","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Our objective was to expand the understanding of <em>Bos indicus</em> feed efficiency by utilizing Hereford × Brahman steers to determine if residual feed intake (RFI), residual average daily gain (RADG), and residual intake and gain (RIG) influence carcass and steak characteristics.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><p>Hereford × Brahman steers (n = 29; age ± SD = 261 ± 41 d) were transported to a facility with a GrowSafe System (GrowSafe Systems Ltd.) to determine RFI, RADG, and RIG, then to a feedyard (BW of 391 ± 39.0 kg), fed 89 d, and slaughtered (BW 731 ± 70 kg). Steers were categorized on their value compared with the mean (x) for RFI, RADG, and RIG into groups of efficient, less efficient, less inefficient, and inefficient.</p></div><div><h3>Results and Discussion</h3><p>Efficiency measurements RFI, RADG, and RIG were not correlated with carcass or steak characteristics. Carcasses from less inefficient RADG steers had the least internal fat. Carcasses from less efficient RIG steers had the most adjusted backfat, and less inefficient RIG steers had lower yield grades than the less efficient and inefficient RIG steers. Steaks from the less inefficient RFI steers were tougher than the efficient and less efficient RFI. All other carcass and steak characteristics were not different.</p></div><div><h3>Implications and Applications</h3><p>The results provide information about RFI, RADG, and RIG for Brahman- influenced herds and consideration of the small sample size should occur when applying the information to management decisions for beef herds.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8519,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Science","volume":"40 2","pages":"Pages 167-175"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590286524000247/pdf?md5=fe7037642d08731e8e9afa5474ff7a2f&pid=1-s2.0-S2590286524000247-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140295961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessing beef producers’ interest in cooperative business models in New Hampshire, Maine, and Vermont 评估新罕布什尔州、缅因州和佛蒙特州牛肉生产者对合作经营模式的兴趣

IF 1.5 Q3 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Applied Animal Science

Pub Date : 2024-03-27 DOI: 10.15232/aas.2023-02478

E.M. Enzien , P.S. Erickson , A.B. Bruce , C.W. Knight , A.B. Conroy

Objective

This study assessed the characteristics of northern New England producers and their willingness to participate in cooperative marketing (CM) or cooperative processing (CoP) of beef cattle.

Materials and Methods

A survey was conducted with producers in the region. Pearson correlation coeffi- cients were used to evaluate whether producers were will- ing to participate in CM or CoP. Two multiple regression models were created using variance inflation procedures and backward elimination to predict whether producers were likely to participate in CM and CoP.

Results and Discussion

A total of 174 surveys were returned and 161 were usable for analysis. Producers in- terested in CoP were likely also to be interested in CM, but producers with an established business were not in- terested in CoP. Producers interested in mobile slaughter units and access to CoP were interested in participating in CoP than their counterparts. The regression model pre- dicted those less interested in CM were producers who had hired labor and concerns about regulations. The regres- sion model for CoP indicated that producers who reported more consistent herd sizes (number of cattle processed) were less likely to participate, whereas those interested in CM were more likely to participate.

Implications and Applications

New and smaller producers may be more likely to participate in CM or CoP than larger, more established producers in northern New England. Our analysis helps identify the characteristics of northern New England beef producers interested in form- ing cooperative businesses. This research approach could be used in other areas to determine the characteristics of beef producers interested in CM and processing.

本研究评估了新英格兰北部生产者的特征及其参与肉牛合作营销（CM）或合作加工（CoP）的意愿。采用皮尔逊相关系数来评估生产者是否愿意参与合作营销或合作加工。利用方差膨胀程序和反向排除法建立了两个多元回归模型，以预测生产者是否可能参与 CM 和 CoP。对CoP感兴趣的生产者也可能对CM感兴趣，但已建立业务的生产者对CoP不感兴趣。对流动屠宰点和屠宰加工点感兴趣的生产者比其他生产者更有兴趣参与屠宰加工点。回归模型预示，对集约化屠宰兴趣较低的生产者是雇佣劳动力的生产者和对法规有顾虑的生产者。CoP 的回归模型表明，牛群规模（加工牛的数量）较为一致的生产者参与的可能性较小，而对 CM 感兴趣的生产者参与的可能性较大。我们的分析有助于确定对组建合作企业感兴趣的新英格兰北部牛肉生产者的特征。这种研究方法可用于其他地区，以确定对 CM 和加工感兴趣的牛肉生产者的特征。

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引用次数: 0