Pub Date : 2023-06-15DOI: 10.22270/ajprd.v11i3.1253
P.S. Narwade, V.G. Bora, P.S. Mhaske, A.A. Sheikh, K. Biyani
Introduction: Needle-free injection technology (NFIT), its advantages, and the different devices and variants available. It highlights the potential of NFIT for painless and effective drug delivery and its use in mass vaccination campaigns. Methods: The primary factors that need to be considered to provide a stable, safe, and effective dose by NFIT. It also explains the classification of NFIT devices based on their working, type of load, mechanism of drug delivery, and site of delivery. Results: The additional benefit of NFIT technology, which is the ability to administer highly viscous medicated formulations that cannot be administered by conventional needle and syringe systems. It also highlights some of the commercially available variants of NFIT devices, such as Bioject®, ZetaJetTM, and Vitajet. Conclusion: The advantages and potential of NFIT for painless and effective drug delivery, particularly in mass vaccination campaigns and the developing world. It emphasizes the need for further research and development in this field to improve the stability, safety, and efficacy of NFIT devices.
{"title":"Review on Needle Free Injection Technology","authors":"P.S. Narwade, V.G. Bora, P.S. Mhaske, A.A. Sheikh, K. Biyani","doi":"10.22270/ajprd.v11i3.1253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22270/ajprd.v11i3.1253","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Needle-free injection technology (NFIT), its advantages, and the different devices and variants available. It highlights the potential of NFIT for painless and effective drug delivery and its use in mass vaccination campaigns. Methods: The primary factors that need to be considered to provide a stable, safe, and effective dose by NFIT. It also explains the classification of NFIT devices based on their working, type of load, mechanism of drug delivery, and site of delivery. Results: The additional benefit of NFIT technology, which is the ability to administer highly viscous medicated formulations that cannot be administered by conventional needle and syringe systems. It also highlights some of the commercially available variants of NFIT devices, such as Bioject®, ZetaJetTM, and Vitajet. Conclusion: The advantages and potential of NFIT for painless and effective drug delivery, particularly in mass vaccination campaigns and the developing world. It emphasizes the need for further research and development in this field to improve the stability, safety, and efficacy of NFIT devices.","PeriodicalId":8526,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139369919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-15DOI: 10.22270/ajprd.v11i3.1263
Varda Joshi, Poonam Raut, Nikita Bhosale
The expansion of a novel product is constrained by an active medicinal ingredient's poor solubility in aqueous solutions and limited oral bioavailability. A novel strategy to improve the physicochemical characteristics of the active medicinal ingredient is co-crystal formation. The pharmacological action of the API is unaffected by co-crystallization with pharmaceutically acceptable molecules, although it can enhance the physical characteristics like solubility, stability, and dissolution rate. Cocrystals are multi-component systems comprising active medicinal ingredients that also contain a stoichiometric amount of a coformer that is acceptable to the pharmaceutical industry. The pharmaceutical business has a significant chance to create new medicinal products since producing pharmaceutical co-crystals can enhance a drug's physicochemical qualities.The most major benefit of co-crystals is their ability to produce novel medications with improved solubility, which increases the effectiveness and safety of the treatment. The thermodynamic stability of the co-crystal preparation is the key influencing factor. Co-crystal screening provides information on the chemical composition and connection between the active medicinal ingredient and the coformer. This review discusses the many co-crystal synthesis techniques, including hot-melt extrusion, slurrying, antisolvent, grinding, and spray drying. Here is a quick explanation of the characteriszation methods frequently employed for co-crystals, as well as their uses in medicine. Here are some quick summaries of reported research on co-crystals that were evaluated in order to better grasp the notion of co-crystals.
{"title":"A review Review on Co-Crystals New Approach to Modify the Physicochemical Characteristics of API","authors":"Varda Joshi, Poonam Raut, Nikita Bhosale","doi":"10.22270/ajprd.v11i3.1263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22270/ajprd.v11i3.1263","url":null,"abstract":"The expansion of a novel product is constrained by an active medicinal ingredient's poor solubility in aqueous solutions and limited oral bioavailability. A novel strategy to improve the physicochemical characteristics of the active medicinal ingredient is co-crystal formation. The pharmacological action of the API is unaffected by co-crystallization with pharmaceutically acceptable molecules, although it can enhance the physical characteristics like solubility, stability, and dissolution rate. Cocrystals are multi-component systems comprising active medicinal ingredients that also contain a stoichiometric amount of a coformer that is acceptable to the pharmaceutical industry. The pharmaceutical business has a significant chance to create new medicinal products since producing pharmaceutical co-crystals can enhance a drug's physicochemical qualities.The most major benefit of co-crystals is their ability to produce novel medications with improved solubility, which increases the effectiveness and safety of the treatment. The thermodynamic stability of the co-crystal preparation is the key influencing factor. Co-crystal screening provides information on the chemical composition and connection between the active medicinal ingredient and the coformer. This review discusses the many co-crystal synthesis techniques, including hot-melt extrusion, slurrying, antisolvent, grinding, and spray drying. Here is a quick explanation of the characteriszation methods frequently employed for co-crystals, as well as their uses in medicine. Here are some quick summaries of reported research on co-crystals that were evaluated in order to better grasp the notion of co-crystals.","PeriodicalId":8526,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139369704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mutravrdidhi is one of the most common type of Vriddhiroga. When one of the vitiated dosha travels downward in the phalakoshvahini and produce giant swelling is known as vrudhhi. Due to mutravegadharan, mutra accumulates and reaches to phalakosha which leads to mutravruddhi. Acharyas mentioned shastra karma for management of mutravriddhi. Mutravridhi can be compared to hydrocele. A hydrocele is a collection of serous fluid between the two layers of the tunica Vaginalis which normally surrounds the testis. This is the most common benign scrotal swelling and has been estimated to occur in as many as 1% of the adult male population.A change in scrotal size can be a Disturbing physical change for any adult male. Scrotal pain during intercourse of physical activity; Discomfort related to the enlarged scrotum, cosmetic appearance of the scrotum, concerns of the damage to the reproductive organs or possible malignancy are reasons why men sick evaluation for any increase in scrotal size. Hydrocele may also develop in boys and adult men due to any injury or inflammation within the scrotum. In management of mild hydroceles scrotal support is generally recommended. In severe condition surgical drainage required. The treatment of choice in hydrocele is surgical intervention.
{"title":"A Review on concept of Mutravruddhi","authors":"Dhruval Padadharia, Rajesh Kumar Sharma, Harshit Shah, Varsha Sharma, Damini Parmar","doi":"10.22270/ajprd.v11i3.1261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22270/ajprd.v11i3.1261","url":null,"abstract":"Mutravrdidhi is one of the most common type of Vriddhiroga. When one of the vitiated dosha travels downward in the phalakoshvahini and produce giant swelling is known as vrudhhi. Due to mutravegadharan, mutra accumulates and reaches to phalakosha which leads to mutravruddhi. Acharyas mentioned shastra karma for management of mutravriddhi. Mutravridhi can be compared to hydrocele. A hydrocele is a collection of serous fluid between the two layers of the tunica Vaginalis which normally surrounds the testis. This is the most common benign scrotal swelling and has been estimated to occur in as many as 1% of the adult male population.A change in scrotal size can be a Disturbing physical change for any adult male. Scrotal pain during intercourse of physical activity; Discomfort related to the enlarged scrotum, cosmetic appearance of the scrotum, concerns of the damage to the reproductive organs or possible malignancy are reasons why men sick evaluation for any increase in scrotal size. Hydrocele may also develop in boys and adult men due to any injury or inflammation within the scrotum. In management of mild hydroceles scrotal support is generally recommended. In severe condition surgical drainage required. The treatment of choice in hydrocele is surgical intervention.","PeriodicalId":8526,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139369719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-15DOI: 10.22270/ajprd.v11i3.1252
C.S. Laddha, A.V. Shelke, Y.V. Vaidya, A.A. Sheikh, K. Biyani
Introduction: The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in drug discovery and the pharma industry has been rapidly expanding in recent years. AI algorithms can analyze vast amounts of data, identify patterns, and make predictions that can accelerate drug discovery and improve patient outcomes. Methods: AI is being used in various stages of the drug discovery process, from target identification and lead optimization to clinical trials and post-market surveillance. Machine learning algorithms, neural networks, and natural language processing are among the AI techniques used in drug discovery. Results: AI-based drug discovery has already shown promising results, with several drugs in clinical trials or approved for use that were discovered using AI. AI is also being used to improve clinical trial design and patient selection, as well as to monitor adverse drug events and optimize drug dosing. Conclusion: AI has the potential to transform the drug discovery and pharma industry, making drug development faster, more efficient, and more effective. However, there are still challenges that need to be addressed, such as the need for high-quality data and the potential for bias in AI algorithms. Overall, the use of AI in drug discovery and the pharma industry is an exciting and rapidly evolving field that has the potential to improve patient outcomes and revolutionize healthcare.
{"title":"A Review on Artificial Intellegence in Drug Discovery & Pharmaceutical Industry","authors":"C.S. Laddha, A.V. Shelke, Y.V. Vaidya, A.A. Sheikh, K. Biyani","doi":"10.22270/ajprd.v11i3.1252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22270/ajprd.v11i3.1252","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in drug discovery and the pharma industry has been rapidly expanding in recent years. AI algorithms can analyze vast amounts of data, identify patterns, and make predictions that can accelerate drug discovery and improve patient outcomes. Methods: AI is being used in various stages of the drug discovery process, from target identification and lead optimization to clinical trials and post-market surveillance. Machine learning algorithms, neural networks, and natural language processing are among the AI techniques used in drug discovery. Results: AI-based drug discovery has already shown promising results, with several drugs in clinical trials or approved for use that were discovered using AI. AI is also being used to improve clinical trial design and patient selection, as well as to monitor adverse drug events and optimize drug dosing. Conclusion: AI has the potential to transform the drug discovery and pharma industry, making drug development faster, more efficient, and more effective. However, there are still challenges that need to be addressed, such as the need for high-quality data and the potential for bias in AI algorithms. Overall, the use of AI in drug discovery and the pharma industry is an exciting and rapidly evolving field that has the potential to improve patient outcomes and revolutionize healthcare.","PeriodicalId":8526,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139369795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-15DOI: 10.22270/ajprd.v11i3.1221
Catur Puspawati, Fitri Andayani, Zulfia Maharani
Garbage is one of the wastes from human activities, which can have a negative impact on humans and the environment. Based on data from the Ministry of Industry regarding imports of plastic products, it can be predicted that the amount of waste that will arise. Imports of Poly Ethylene Terephthalate (PET) and Poly Propylene (PP) products continued to increase in line with the growth in chemical consumption. One alternative is converting plastic waste into fuel oil. Because basically plastic comes from petroleum, so it just needs to be returned to its original shape. Pyrolysis or devolatilization is a process of fractionating materials by temperature. Pyrolysis is the process of decomposing a material at high temperatures in the absence of air or with limited air. Oil from used plastic has unsaturated properties. This means that the ratio between carbon and hydrogen is not balanced so that there are links that are not filled. This pyrolysis oil is flammable, emits soot, and has a stimulating odor. This pyrolysis oil can be processed again so that it has saturated and stable properties. It is hoped that processing plastic into oil can provide an alternative solution to the plastic waste problem and can also provide alternative fuel solutions that can be used in society. The general objective of this study was to determine the quality of fuel oil from household plastic waste using the pyrolysis method. The population that will be studied in this study is plastic waste obtained from residents in the settlement of RW 03 Petir Village, Cipondoh, Tangerang, Banten. The sample to be examined in this study was used plastic waste with 2 kg of each type of plastic waste. The results of identifying the types of plastic waste found that the generation of plastic waste generated in RW 03 was 101.75 kg with the highest proportion being PET waste (70.33%) and the lowest being the Other category. Testing of the tool was carried out based on the design results, namely a simple household-scale pyrolysis tool that can be used to process Poly Ethylene Terephthalate plastic waste. Trials were carried out twice on 1 kg of plastic waste type Poly Ethylene Terephthalate, which produced oil as fuel. There are still many shortcomings in the tools that are made including the tool is still not ergonomic, there is no high voltage indicator tool and the tool is not portable so it is still difficult to move.
{"title":"Processing Household Plastic Waste with the Pyrolysis Method into Fuel Oil in RW 03 Petir Village, Cipondoh, Tangerang","authors":"Catur Puspawati, Fitri Andayani, Zulfia Maharani","doi":"10.22270/ajprd.v11i3.1221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22270/ajprd.v11i3.1221","url":null,"abstract":"Garbage is one of the wastes from human activities, which can have a negative impact on humans and the environment. Based on data from the Ministry of Industry regarding imports of plastic products, it can be predicted that the amount of waste that will arise. Imports of Poly Ethylene Terephthalate (PET) and Poly Propylene (PP) products continued to increase in line with the growth in chemical consumption. One alternative is converting plastic waste into fuel oil. Because basically plastic comes from petroleum, so it just needs to be returned to its original shape. Pyrolysis or devolatilization is a process of fractionating materials by temperature. Pyrolysis is the process of decomposing a material at high temperatures in the absence of air or with limited air. Oil from used plastic has unsaturated properties. This means that the ratio between carbon and hydrogen is not balanced so that there are links that are not filled. This pyrolysis oil is flammable, emits soot, and has a stimulating odor. This pyrolysis oil can be processed again so that it has saturated and stable properties. It is hoped that processing plastic into oil can provide an alternative solution to the plastic waste problem and can also provide alternative fuel solutions that can be used in society. The general objective of this study was to determine the quality of fuel oil from household plastic waste using the pyrolysis method. The population that will be studied in this study is plastic waste obtained from residents in the settlement of RW 03 Petir Village, Cipondoh, Tangerang, Banten. The sample to be examined in this study was used plastic waste with 2 kg of each type of plastic waste. The results of identifying the types of plastic waste found that the generation of plastic waste generated in RW 03 was 101.75 kg with the highest proportion being PET waste (70.33%) and the lowest being the Other category. Testing of the tool was carried out based on the design results, namely a simple household-scale pyrolysis tool that can be used to process Poly Ethylene Terephthalate plastic waste. Trials were carried out twice on 1 kg of plastic waste type Poly Ethylene Terephthalate, which produced oil as fuel. There are still many shortcomings in the tools that are made including the tool is still not ergonomic, there is no high voltage indicator tool and the tool is not portable so it is still difficult to move.","PeriodicalId":8526,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139369863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BPH is major giriatric problem of obstructive uropathic disorders described in ayurveda as one type of Mutraghata.BPH is a non-malignant enlargement of the prostate gland caused by excess growth of prostatic nodules. Histo-pathologically the prevalence of BPH is age dependent, initiate usually after 40 years of age.The age-specific prevalence of benign prostatic hyperplasia has been estimated from autopsy studies to be 8% in the fourth decade of life, 50% in the sixth decade of life, and 80% in the ninth decade of life. BPH is a progressive disease and In Ayurveda, Mutraghata either upper or it is commonly associated with lower urinary tract symptoms such as retension, incomplete voiding, dribbling, hesitancy, incontinence of urine etc. In morden medicine the management of BPH is either by conservative treatment using chemotherapy, hormonal therapy and surgical approach. In this case study, a patient diagnosed with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia was treated with a Dashamoola siddha TailaUttarbasti 20 ml once daily for three days and then 3 days gap given between two cycles for 21 days. Assessment of patient was done by IPSS (International Prostate Symptom Score) and weight of the prostate and post void residual urine volume. After completion of Uttarbasti treatment significant relief was observed in symptoms.
{"title":"A single case study on Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia with Dashamoola siddha Taila Uttarbasti","authors":"Divyabahen S. Ninama, Harshit Shah, Rajesh Kumar Sharma, Sonal Panchal, Damini Parmar","doi":"10.22270/ajprd.v11i3.1260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22270/ajprd.v11i3.1260","url":null,"abstract":"BPH is major giriatric problem of obstructive uropathic disorders described in ayurveda as one type of Mutraghata.BPH is a non-malignant enlargement of the prostate gland caused by excess growth of prostatic nodules. Histo-pathologically the prevalence of BPH is age dependent, initiate usually after 40 years of age.The age-specific prevalence of benign prostatic hyperplasia has been estimated from autopsy studies to be 8% in the fourth decade of life, 50% in the sixth decade of life, and 80% in the ninth decade of life. BPH is a progressive disease and In Ayurveda, Mutraghata either upper or it is commonly associated with lower urinary tract symptoms such as retension, incomplete voiding, dribbling, hesitancy, incontinence of urine etc. In morden medicine the management of BPH is either by conservative treatment using chemotherapy, hormonal therapy and surgical approach. In this case study, a patient diagnosed with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia was treated with a Dashamoola siddha TailaUttarbasti 20 ml once daily for three days and then 3 days gap given between two cycles for 21 days. Assessment of patient was done by IPSS (International Prostate Symptom Score) and weight of the prostate and post void residual urine volume. After completion of Uttarbasti treatment significant relief was observed in symptoms.","PeriodicalId":8526,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139369950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-15DOI: 10.22270/ajprd.v11i3.1213
Shella Syahfitri, Jansen Silalahi, Hotnida Sinaga
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic disorder of carbohydrate (glucose) metabolism in the body and its prevalence is getting higher. Until 2015, 10 million cases of DM were found in Indonesia and allegedly continue to increase. Currently, the Indonesian government encourages people to consume traditional medicines because they remember the low side effects. Cinnamon (Cinnamomumzeylanicum) contains antioxidants that can reduce the risk of oxidative stress, a condition that is a major risk factor for several chronic diseases, including diabetes. Bay leaf (Syzygiumpolyanthum) also contains flavonoids that can lower glucose levels. Thus, cinnamon and bay leaves have the potential to be products that are beneficial to the community, namely diabetic herbal medicine. The purpose of this study was to determine the antidiabetic activity of cinnamon bark extract (Cinnamomumzeyl anicum) and bay leaf extract (Syzygiumpolyanthum) against reducing blood sugar levels in test animals. This study used experimental methods in vivo. Using 28 alloxan-induced male mice were divided into 7 groups: (1) Negative control without treatment, (2) Positive control given metformin 45mg/kgBB, (3) Cinnamon dose 750 mg/kgBB, (4) Bay leaf 750 mg/kgBB, (5) Combination of Cinnamon and Bay Leaf dose ratio 1: 1 (375 mg/kgBB), 1: 2 (250 mg/kgBB and 500 mg/kgBB), and 2:1 (500 mg/kgBB and 250 mg/kgBB), given orally for 14 days. The results showed a percentage decrease in blood sugar levels during the test obtained Metformin administration 32.27%, cinnamon by 24.52%, bay leaf 21.05%, combination (1: 1) 23.71%, (1: 2) 35.83%, (2: 1) 40.83%.
{"title":"Activity Test of Cinnamon Extract (Cinnamomumzeylanicum) and Bay Leaf (Syzygiumpolyanthum) and Their Combination as Antidiabetic in Vivo","authors":"Shella Syahfitri, Jansen Silalahi, Hotnida Sinaga","doi":"10.22270/ajprd.v11i3.1213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22270/ajprd.v11i3.1213","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic disorder of carbohydrate (glucose) metabolism in the body and its prevalence is getting higher. Until 2015, 10 million cases of DM were found in Indonesia and allegedly continue to increase. Currently, the Indonesian government encourages people to consume traditional medicines because they remember the low side effects. Cinnamon (Cinnamomumzeylanicum) contains antioxidants that can reduce the risk of oxidative stress, a condition that is a major risk factor for several chronic diseases, including diabetes. Bay leaf (Syzygiumpolyanthum) also contains flavonoids that can lower glucose levels. Thus, cinnamon and bay leaves have the potential to be products that are beneficial to the community, namely diabetic herbal medicine. The purpose of this study was to determine the antidiabetic activity of cinnamon bark extract (Cinnamomumzeyl anicum) and bay leaf extract (Syzygiumpolyanthum) against reducing blood sugar levels in test animals. This study used experimental methods in vivo. Using 28 alloxan-induced male mice were divided into 7 groups: (1) Negative control without treatment, (2) Positive control given metformin 45mg/kgBB, (3) Cinnamon dose 750 mg/kgBB, (4) Bay leaf 750 mg/kgBB, (5) Combination of Cinnamon and Bay Leaf dose ratio 1: 1 (375 mg/kgBB), 1: 2 (250 mg/kgBB and 500 mg/kgBB), and 2:1 (500 mg/kgBB and 250 mg/kgBB), given orally for 14 days. The results showed a percentage decrease in blood sugar levels during the test obtained Metformin administration 32.27%, cinnamon by 24.52%, bay leaf 21.05%, combination (1: 1) 23.71%, (1: 2) 35.83%, (2: 1) 40.83%.","PeriodicalId":8526,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139369673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-15DOI: 10.22270/ajprd.v11i3.1223
Joko Sulistiyo
Temazepam is a benzodiazepine drug belonging to a class IV psychotropic. Temazepam provides a sedative-hypnotic effect that can help with insomnia. Thanks to the sedative-hypnotic effect it produces, many people take this drug to treat various sleep problems. However, if misused for a long period of time this drug can cause dependence. Therefore, to determine the level of temazepam in a person's body, a confirmation test of temazepam in the urine is needed. The test uses the gas chromatography - mass spectrometry method, this method is the most widely used method in drug testing with very specific results, so the results are not in doubt. This test begins with sample preparation by taking the extract using the solid phase extraction (SPE) method followed by enzyme hydrolysis, centrifugation and derivatization. Based on the tests carried out, positive results were obtained for temazepam with levels of 4444.9895 ng/mL.
{"title":"Determination of Temazepam Levels in Urine by Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry","authors":"Joko Sulistiyo","doi":"10.22270/ajprd.v11i3.1223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22270/ajprd.v11i3.1223","url":null,"abstract":"Temazepam is a benzodiazepine drug belonging to a class IV psychotropic. Temazepam provides a sedative-hypnotic effect that can help with insomnia. Thanks to the sedative-hypnotic effect it produces, many people take this drug to treat various sleep problems. However, if misused for a long period of time this drug can cause dependence. Therefore, to determine the level of temazepam in a person's body, a confirmation test of temazepam in the urine is needed. The test uses the gas chromatography - mass spectrometry method, this method is the most widely used method in drug testing with very specific results, so the results are not in doubt. This test begins with sample preparation by taking the extract using the solid phase extraction (SPE) method followed by enzyme hydrolysis, centrifugation and derivatization. Based on the tests carried out, positive results were obtained for temazepam with levels of 4444.9895 ng/mL.","PeriodicalId":8526,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139369864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-15DOI: 10.22270/ajprd.v11i3.1251
S. N.Bodkhe, R.U. Gadhave, S.S. Rothe, A.A. Sheikh, K. Biyani
Cancer continues to be one of the most difficult global healthcare problems. Although there is a large library of drugs that can be used in cancer treatment, the problem is selectively killing all the cancer cells while reducing collateral toxicity to healthy cells. There are several biological barriers to effective drug delivery in cancer such as renal, hepatic, or immune clearance. Nanoparticles loaded with drugs can be designed to overcome these biological barriers to improve efficacy while reducing morbidity. The pathological processes of cancer are complex. Current methods used for chemotherapy have various limitations, such as cytotoxicity, multi-drug resistance, stem-like cells growth, and lack of specificity. Nanomedicine plays an important role in these evolving tumor treatment modalities. We discuss how nanomedicine can be combined with these treatment modalities, provide typical examples, and summarize the advantages brought by the application of nanomedicine. This highlights the progress, challenges and opportunities in cancer nanomedicine and discusses novel engineering approaches that capitalize on our growing understanding of tumour biology and nano–bio interactions to develop more effective nanotherapeutics for cancer patients. This review discusses the current use of clinically approved nanomedicines, the investigation of nanomedicines in clinical trials, and the challenges that may hinder development of the nanomedicinesfor cancer treatment.
{"title":"Formulation A Review on Recent Success in Cancer Nanomedicine","authors":"S. N.Bodkhe, R.U. Gadhave, S.S. Rothe, A.A. Sheikh, K. Biyani","doi":"10.22270/ajprd.v11i3.1251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22270/ajprd.v11i3.1251","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer continues to be one of the most difficult global healthcare problems. Although there is a large library of drugs that can be used in cancer treatment, the problem is selectively killing all the cancer cells while reducing collateral toxicity to healthy cells. There are several biological barriers to effective drug delivery in cancer such as renal, hepatic, or immune clearance. Nanoparticles loaded with drugs can be designed to overcome these biological barriers to improve efficacy while reducing morbidity. The pathological processes of cancer are complex. Current methods used for chemotherapy have various limitations, such as cytotoxicity, multi-drug resistance, stem-like cells growth, and lack of specificity. Nanomedicine plays an important role in these evolving tumor treatment modalities. We discuss how nanomedicine can be combined with these treatment modalities, provide typical examples, and summarize the advantages brought by the application of nanomedicine. This highlights the progress, challenges and opportunities in cancer nanomedicine and discusses novel engineering approaches that capitalize on our growing understanding of tumour biology and nano–bio interactions to develop more effective nanotherapeutics for cancer patients. This review discusses the current use of clinically approved nanomedicines, the investigation of nanomedicines in clinical trials, and the challenges that may hinder development of the nanomedicinesfor cancer treatment.","PeriodicalId":8526,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139369933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-15DOI: 10.22270/ajprd.v11i3.1218
Mochamad Rachmat, Ashri Nur Fajri
Background: Learning Achievement is a benchmark of someone in achieving success in the academic field, one of the factors that influence it is the concentration of study and breakfast habits. Breakfast is useful to support learning concentration so that it can improve learning achievement. Learning Consentration affects learning achievement, one way to increase learning concentration is by having breakfast. Purpose: This study aims to analyze The Relationship of Breakfast and Study Concentration with Learning Achievement of Grade 5 Students at SD Negeri Pengasinan 03. Method: Analytical research with cross sectional design, the number samples was 57 students and taken by purposive sampling which fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Method: Learning Achievement data obtained from the learning outcomes of even semester students. Breakfast data obtained using the food record method for 2 consecutive days, namely on weekends and weekdays. Study Concentration data obtained by the Digit Symbol Test method and using a stopwatch. Results: Data analysis with Chi-Square test. From 57 students, most of them have a breakfast frequency that is not routine (56,1%). High Study Concentration (64,9%) and Good Learning Achievement (80,7%). There is a significant relationship between breakfast and learning concentration (p-value = 0.008), there is no significant relationship between breakfast and learning achievement (p-value = 0.217), there is a significant relationship between learning concentration and learning achievement (p-value = 0.000).
{"title":"How is the Learning Achievement of Elementary School Students?-Breakfast and Study Concentration","authors":"Mochamad Rachmat, Ashri Nur Fajri","doi":"10.22270/ajprd.v11i3.1218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22270/ajprd.v11i3.1218","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Learning Achievement is a benchmark of someone in achieving success in the academic field, one of the factors that influence it is the concentration of study and breakfast habits. Breakfast is useful to support learning concentration so that it can improve learning achievement. Learning Consentration affects learning achievement, one way to increase learning concentration is by having breakfast. Purpose: This study aims to analyze The Relationship of Breakfast and Study Concentration with Learning Achievement of Grade 5 Students at SD Negeri Pengasinan 03. Method: Analytical research with cross sectional design, the number samples was 57 students and taken by purposive sampling which fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Method: Learning Achievement data obtained from the learning outcomes of even semester students. Breakfast data obtained using the food record method for 2 consecutive days, namely on weekends and weekdays. Study Concentration data obtained by the Digit Symbol Test method and using a stopwatch. Results: Data analysis with Chi-Square test. From 57 students, most of them have a breakfast frequency that is not routine (56,1%). High Study Concentration (64,9%) and Good Learning Achievement (80,7%). There is a significant relationship between breakfast and learning concentration (p-value = 0.008), there is no significant relationship between breakfast and learning achievement (p-value = 0.217), there is a significant relationship between learning concentration and learning achievement (p-value = 0.000).","PeriodicalId":8526,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139369678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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