Pub Date : 2024-08-30DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2024.104207
Nguyen Tan Dat , Nobuyuki Mitsui , Satoshi Asakura , Yuki Kako , Keisuke Takanobu , Yutaka Fujii , Ichiro Kusumi
Objectives
Suicide is a serious mental health problem among university students. The current study aimed to examine the effectiveness of a novel intervention that targets suicide risk by enhancing self-esteem and self-compassion.
Methods
Participants were recruited from the healthcare center at a Japanese University. Measurements of suicidal risk, self-compassion, self-esteem, and other psychological variables were collected at baseline, post-intervention, four-week follow-up, eight-week follow-up, and twelve-week follow-up. Participants also provided feedback on the program's acceptability.
Results
A total of 17 participants consented to participate in the intervention, 14 completed post-treatment assessment, 10 completed the four-week follow-up assessment, and 8 completed the eight-week and twelve-week follow-up assessment. Following the intervention, the study observed moderate to large improvements in self-esteem, self-compassion, hopelessness, depression, and suicide risk. The participants also reported reliable changes in clinical outcomes and positive perceptions of the program.
Conclusions
The psychoeducation program exhibited high acceptability and feasibility and promising early outcomes. Despite the small sample size and lack of a control group, these findings suggest potential benefits of the program. Further studies for examining the efficacy of the program are highly warranted.
{"title":"Enhancing self-esteem and self-compassion to mitigate suicide risk: A feasibility and acceptability study among Japanese university students","authors":"Nguyen Tan Dat , Nobuyuki Mitsui , Satoshi Asakura , Yuki Kako , Keisuke Takanobu , Yutaka Fujii , Ichiro Kusumi","doi":"10.1016/j.ajp.2024.104207","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajp.2024.104207","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Suicide is a serious mental health problem among university students. The current study aimed to examine the effectiveness of a novel intervention that targets suicide risk by enhancing self-esteem and self-compassion.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Participants were recruited from the healthcare center at a Japanese University. Measurements of suicidal risk, self-compassion, self-esteem, and other psychological variables were collected at baseline, post-intervention, four-week follow-up, eight-week follow-up, and twelve-week follow-up. Participants also provided feedback on the program's acceptability.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 17 participants consented to participate in the intervention, 14 completed post-treatment assessment, 10 completed the four-week follow-up assessment, and 8 completed the eight-week and twelve-week follow-up assessment. Following the intervention, the study observed moderate to large improvements in self-esteem, self-compassion, hopelessness, depression, and suicide risk. The participants also reported reliable changes in clinical outcomes and positive perceptions of the program.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The psychoeducation program exhibited high acceptability and feasibility and promising early outcomes. Despite the small sample size and lack of a control group, these findings suggest potential benefits of the program. Further studies for examining the efficacy of the program are highly warranted.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8543,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of psychiatry","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 104207"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142098018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-30DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2024.104211
Simon S.Y. Lui , Yuk-Ling Wong , Yi-Hang Huang , Benny C.L. Chau , Ezmond S.L. Cheung , Christy H.Y. Wong , Raisie W.K. Wong , Siu-Kau Leung , Jenny P.H. Lam , Raymond C.K. Chan
The affective pathway to psychosis implicates affective symptoms and neuroticism as mediating steps between childhood trauma and symptoms of schizophrenia. Prior research seldom examined the interplay between childhood trauma, resilience, personality, social functioning and symptoms in schizophrenia patients. This study recruited 290 schizophrenia patients, and constructed a regularized partial correlation network of childhood trauma, resilience, big-five personality traits, symptoms and social functioning. We further applied flow diagram and shortest path analysis to clarify how different childhood trauma types would contribute to and reach different symptoms. In the network, emotional and physical abuse showed the highest expected influence, and resilience showed the highest strength. In flow diagrams, all nodes together contributed two-thirds of variance of social functioning (which had highest predictability). Among childhood trauma types, emotional abuse contributed most to positive symptoms; physical neglect contributed most to negative, depressive and disorganized symptoms. Childhood abuse reached positive symptoms via neuroticism and depressive symptoms, yet it reached negative symptoms via physical neglect and social functioning. Childhood neglect reached positive symptoms via resilience, conscientiousness, neuroticism and depressive symptoms, yet it reached negative symptoms via social functioning. Our findings support that different childhood trauma types contribute to different symptoms, and interacts with resilience, personality and social functioning.
{"title":"Childhood trauma, resilience, psychopathology and social functioning in schizophrenia: A network analysis","authors":"Simon S.Y. Lui , Yuk-Ling Wong , Yi-Hang Huang , Benny C.L. Chau , Ezmond S.L. Cheung , Christy H.Y. Wong , Raisie W.K. Wong , Siu-Kau Leung , Jenny P.H. Lam , Raymond C.K. Chan","doi":"10.1016/j.ajp.2024.104211","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajp.2024.104211","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The affective pathway to psychosis implicates affective symptoms and neuroticism as mediating steps between childhood trauma and symptoms of schizophrenia. Prior research seldom examined the interplay between childhood trauma, resilience, personality, social functioning and symptoms in schizophrenia patients. This study recruited 290 schizophrenia patients, and constructed a regularized partial correlation network of childhood trauma, resilience, big-five personality traits, symptoms and social functioning. We further applied flow diagram and shortest path analysis to clarify how different childhood trauma types would contribute to and reach different symptoms. In the network, emotional and physical abuse showed the highest expected influence, and resilience showed the highest strength. In flow diagrams, all nodes together contributed two-thirds of variance of social functioning (which had highest predictability). Among childhood trauma types, emotional abuse contributed most to positive symptoms; physical neglect contributed most to negative, depressive and disorganized symptoms. Childhood abuse reached positive symptoms via neuroticism and depressive symptoms, yet it reached negative symptoms via physical neglect and social functioning. Childhood neglect reached positive symptoms via resilience, conscientiousness, neuroticism and depressive symptoms, yet it reached negative symptoms via social functioning. Our findings support that different childhood trauma types contribute to different symptoms, and interacts with resilience, personality and social functioning.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8543,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of psychiatry","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 104211"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142124665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-30DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2024.104198
Kuan-Lin Chen , Kuan-Hsu Chen , Sio-Meng Lei , PoSen Lee , Chien-Yu Huang
Background
Several assessments have been developed to assess school-aged children’s emotional and behavioral problems (EBPs), but none based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition, Text Revision. This study aimed to develop the Assessment for Emotional and Behavioral Problems in School-aged children (AEBPS) fitting current knowledge of mental health disorders.
Materials and methods
This study included 2 phases. In Phase I, the assessment construct and its corresponding items were developed. In Phase II, the reliability and validity of the AEBPS were examined.
Results
The AEBPS contains 120 items in five subscales. The psychometric results showed that the AEBPS subscales had high internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.83–0.97) and acceptable to good test–retest reliability (intra-class correlation coefficient = 0.65–0.93). The results of exploratory factor analysis showed that most items within each subscale of the AEBPS significantly contributed to their respective concepts. The AEBPS subscales had small to high correlations with the subscales of the Child Behavior Checklist (r = 0.37–0.87). The AEBPS had good discriminant validity to differentiate children with and without EBPs.
Conclusions
The newly-developed AEBPS fits the current knowledge of mental health diagnoses for assessing school-aged children’s EBPs and has sound psychometric evidence. The AEBPS can be reliably and validly used in a variety of settings.
{"title":"Development of the assessment for emotional and behavioral problems in school-aged children","authors":"Kuan-Lin Chen , Kuan-Hsu Chen , Sio-Meng Lei , PoSen Lee , Chien-Yu Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.ajp.2024.104198","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajp.2024.104198","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Several assessments have been developed to assess school-aged children’s emotional and behavioral problems (EBPs), but none based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition, Text Revision. This study aimed to develop the Assessment for Emotional and Behavioral Problems in School-aged children (AEBPS) fitting current knowledge of mental health disorders.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>This study included 2 phases. In Phase I, the assessment construct and its corresponding items were developed. In Phase II, the reliability and validity of the AEBPS were examined.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The AEBPS contains 120 items in five subscales. The psychometric results showed that the AEBPS subscales had high internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.83–0.97) and acceptable to good test–retest reliability (intra-class correlation coefficient = 0.65–0.93). The results of exploratory factor analysis showed that most items within each subscale of the AEBPS significantly contributed to their respective concepts. The AEBPS subscales had small to high correlations with the subscales of the Child Behavior Checklist (<em>r</em> = 0.37–0.87). The AEBPS had good discriminant validity to differentiate children with and without EBPs.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The newly-developed AEBPS fits the current knowledge of mental health diagnoses for assessing school-aged children’s EBPs and has sound psychometric evidence. The AEBPS can be reliably and validly used in a variety of settings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8543,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of psychiatry","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 104198"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142129261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-30DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2024.104192
Nanxi Li , Sihao Chen , Zitao Wu , Jiangwen Dong , Juan Wang , Yuyan Lei , Junjian Mo , Wei Wei , Tao Li
Background
Schizophrenia remains a major public health challenge, and designing efforts to manage it requires understanding its prevalence over time at different geographic scales and population groups.
Methods
Drawing on data from the Global Burden of Disease study 2019, annual percentage change of schizophrenia was assessed across different age, period and cohort groups at different geographic scales from 1990 to 2019. We examined associations of prevalence with the sociodemographic index.
Results
Global prevalence of schizophrenia in 2019 was 23.60 million (95 % uncertainty interval: 20.23–27.15), with China, India, the USA and Indonesia accounting for 50.72 % of it. Global prevalence increased slightly from 1990 to 2019, with an annual percentage change of 0.03 % (95 % confidence interval 0.01–0.05). Regions with intermediate sociodemographic index accounted for greater proportion of prevalence increasing than regions with high index. Prevalence decreased among those born after 1979 in regions with intermediate sociodemographic index, whereas it consistently improved among all birth cohorts in regions with low index. Regardless of sociodemographic index, prevalence was highest among individuals 30–59 years old than younger or older groups.
Conclusions
Prevalence of schizophrenia has shown small increases globally over the last three decades. The burden of disease is heavier in relatively less affluent regions, and it disproportionately affects individuals 30–59 years in all regions. Meanwhile, for regions with lower sociodemographic indices, the recent increasing burden among birth cohorts is more pronounced. These findings may help guide futural design of measures to manage or prevent schizophrenia in communities at higher risk.
背景精神分裂症仍然是一项重大的公共卫生挑战,要想设计出管理精神分裂症的方法,就必须了解其在不同地域范围和人群中的患病率。方法利用2019年全球疾病负担研究(Global Burden of Disease study 2019)的数据,评估了1990年至2019年不同地域范围内不同年龄、时期和队列组的精神分裂症年度百分比变化。结果2019年全球精神分裂症患病率为2360万(95%不确定区间:2023-2715),其中中国、印度、美国和印度尼西亚占50.72%。从 1990 年到 2019 年,全球患病率略有上升,年百分比变化为 0.03 %(95 % 置信区间:0.01-0.05)。与高指数地区相比,中等社会人口指数地区的患病率增长比例更大。在社会人口指数处于中等水平的地区,1979 年后出生的人群的患病率有所下降,而在社会人口指数较低的地区,所有出生人群的患病率均有所上升。无论社会人口指数如何,30-59 岁人群的患病率均高于年轻或年长人群。在相对不富裕的地区,疾病负担更重,而且在所有地区,30-59 岁人群的发病率都不成比例。与此同时,在社会人口指数较低的地区,出生组群中近来不断增加的负担更为明显。这些发现可能有助于指导今后在高风险社区设计管理或预防精神分裂症的措施。
{"title":"Secular trends in the prevalence of schizophrenia among different age, period and cohort groups between 1990 and 2019","authors":"Nanxi Li , Sihao Chen , Zitao Wu , Jiangwen Dong , Juan Wang , Yuyan Lei , Junjian Mo , Wei Wei , Tao Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ajp.2024.104192","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajp.2024.104192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Schizophrenia remains a major public health challenge, and designing efforts to manage it requires understanding its prevalence over time at different geographic scales and population groups.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Drawing on data from the Global Burden of Disease study 2019, annual percentage change of schizophrenia was assessed across different age, period and cohort groups at different geographic scales from 1990 to 2019. We examined associations of prevalence with the sociodemographic index.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Global prevalence of schizophrenia in 2019 was 23.60 million (95 % uncertainty interval: 20.23–27.15), with China, India, the USA and Indonesia accounting for 50.72 % of it. Global prevalence increased slightly from 1990 to 2019, with an annual percentage change of 0.03 % (95 % confidence interval 0.01–0.05). Regions with intermediate sociodemographic index accounted for greater proportion of prevalence increasing than regions with high index. Prevalence decreased among those born after 1979 in regions with intermediate sociodemographic index, whereas it consistently improved among all birth cohorts in regions with low index. Regardless of sociodemographic index, prevalence was highest among individuals 30–59 years old than younger or older groups.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Prevalence of schizophrenia has shown small increases globally over the last three decades. The burden of disease is heavier in relatively less affluent regions, and it disproportionately affects individuals 30–59 years in all regions. Meanwhile, for regions with lower sociodemographic indices, the recent increasing burden among birth cohorts is more pronounced. These findings may help guide futural design of measures to manage or prevent schizophrenia in communities at higher risk.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8543,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of psychiatry","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 104192"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142129259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-30DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2024.104214
Rouwida ElKhalil , Mohamad AlMekkawi , Matt O'Connor , Emad Masuadi , Moustafa Sherif , Messaouda Belfakir , Luai A. Ahmed , Rami H. Al-Rifai , Rasha Bayoumi , Iffat Elbarazi
Background
Since its creation, the Mental Health Literacy Scale (MHLS) has been used worldwide in mental health literacy studies.
Objective
This study aimed to systematically evaluate, summarize, and compare the measurement properties of MHLS validation studies.
Methods
PsycINFO, CINAHL, ERIC, Scopus, Embase, MEDLINE, and PubMed databases were searched from May 30, 2015, to December 31, 2023. Peer-reviewed studies validating the MHLS and its measurement properties were included, irrespective of language, study population, and setting. Studies using the MHLS as an outcome measure, as a comparative instrument to validate another instrument, or using other MHL measures and grey literature was excluded.
Results
Of the 685 search results, 16 studies were deemed eligible. The COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health status Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) RoB criteria showed 15/15 studies exhibited ‘Very Good’ or ‘Adequate’ internal consistency, 3/6 reliability, 1/8 content validity, 14/14 structural validity, 6/7 hypothesis testing for convergent validity, 2/7 hypothesis testing for known-group validity, and 0/1 error measurement. The Cronbach’s alpha ranged from 0.720 to 0.890, and the Intra-class Correlation Coefficient ranged from 0.741 to 0.99, while content validity was limited regarding the quality of evidence rating. The four-factor and unidimensional structures were 35.7 % and 28.6 %, respectively, the most common models.
Conclusion
The MHLS exhibited strong evidence of construct validity and reliability, ensuring consistent and accurate evaluation of MHL and improving research credibility and generalizability. However, the low number of identical language versions of MHLS studies prohibited statistical pooling and quantitative summaries.
{"title":"Measurement properties of the Mental Health Literacy Scale (MHLS): A systematic review","authors":"Rouwida ElKhalil , Mohamad AlMekkawi , Matt O'Connor , Emad Masuadi , Moustafa Sherif , Messaouda Belfakir , Luai A. Ahmed , Rami H. Al-Rifai , Rasha Bayoumi , Iffat Elbarazi","doi":"10.1016/j.ajp.2024.104214","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajp.2024.104214","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Since its creation, the Mental Health Literacy Scale (MHLS) has been used worldwide in mental health literacy studies.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study aimed to systematically evaluate, summarize, and compare the measurement properties of MHLS validation studies.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>PsycINFO, CINAHL, ERIC, Scopus, Embase, MEDLINE, and PubMed databases were searched from May 30, 2015, to December 31, 2023. Peer-reviewed studies validating the MHLS and its measurement properties were included, irrespective of language, study population, and setting. Studies using the MHLS as an outcome measure, as a comparative instrument to validate another instrument, or using other MHL measures and grey literature was excluded.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Of the 685 search results, 16 studies were deemed eligible. The COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health status Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) RoB criteria showed 15/15 studies exhibited ‘Very Good’ or ‘Adequate’ internal consistency, 3/6 reliability, 1/8 content validity, 14/14 structural validity, 6/7 hypothesis testing for convergent validity, 2/7 hypothesis testing for known-group validity, and 0/1 error measurement. The Cronbach’s alpha ranged from 0.720 to 0.890, and the Intra-class Correlation Coefficient ranged from 0.741 to 0.99, while content validity was limited regarding the quality of evidence rating. The four-factor and unidimensional structures were 35.7 % and 28.6 %, respectively, the most common models.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The MHLS exhibited strong evidence of construct validity and reliability, ensuring consistent and accurate evaluation of MHL and improving research credibility and generalizability. However, the low number of identical language versions of MHLS studies prohibited statistical pooling and quantitative summaries.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8543,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of psychiatry","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 104214"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876201824003071/pdfft?md5=d00e10d5140cc4525331b6330d47dc13&pid=1-s2.0-S1876201824003071-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142161967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-30DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2024.104217
Varun S. Kumar , Ankitha M. Shenoy , Aureen Ruby DCunha , Shishir Kumar , Rathika Damodara Shenoy
Trichobezoars or hairballs in the gastrointestinal tract occur as a complication of trichotillomania or compulsive hair pulling, and trichophagia, or compulsive eating of hair. The DSM-5 classifies trichotillomania as an obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorder. In this case series of four children with trichobezoar, we present the varied psychopathology that led to the same and discuss the current literature on complex issues underlying trichotillomania.
{"title":"Trichobezoars in children – A psychological perspective","authors":"Varun S. Kumar , Ankitha M. Shenoy , Aureen Ruby DCunha , Shishir Kumar , Rathika Damodara Shenoy","doi":"10.1016/j.ajp.2024.104217","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajp.2024.104217","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Trichobezoars or hairballs in the gastrointestinal tract occur as a complication of trichotillomania or compulsive hair pulling, and trichophagia, or compulsive eating of hair. The DSM-5 classifies trichotillomania as an obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorder. In this case series of four children with trichobezoar, we present the varied psychopathology that led to the same and discuss the current literature on complex issues underlying trichotillomania.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8543,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of psychiatry","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 104217"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142161969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arab countries host 10 % of the global migrant population, yet research on the mental health of migrant workers within this region is notably lacking. Addressing this gap, our study marks the inaugural nationwide investigation into psychiatric conditions among migrant workers compared to native Qatari citizens in an inpatient setting. Employing a retrospective cohort methodology, we scrutinized psychiatric presentations among two cohorts: migrant workers (cohort 1) and Qatari nationals (cohort 2) admitted to psychiatric inpatient facilities in Qatar. Our sample comprised 150 migrant workers and 138 Qatari inpatients, with a predominance of males in both cohorts and mean ages around 34–35 years. The median length of hospitalization was 13 days for migrant workers and 14 days for Qatari patients. Qatari inpatients exhibited a higher prevalence of prior psychiatric history and comorbid physical conditions. The primary diagnosis upon discharge for approximately one-third of patients in both groups was schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders, with bipolar disorder representing roughly one-quarter of cases in each cohort. Notably, migrant workers demonstrated a higher incidence of depressive disorders, trauma, and stress-related conditions, while Qatari patients were more frequently diagnosed with substance use disorder and displayed aggressive behaviors.
{"title":"National study comparing psychiatric presentations among migrants and citizens in Qatar","authors":"Javed Latoo , Ovais Wadoo , Yousaf Iqbal , Faisal Khan , Khizara Amin , Sami Ouanes , Shuja Reagu , Jinan Suliman , Ahmed Mohamed Younes Mohamed , Eslam Maher Gamal Khalaf , Aalia Omer Yousif , Majid Alabdulla","doi":"10.1016/j.ajp.2024.104200","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajp.2024.104200","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Arab countries host 10 % of the global migrant population, yet research on the mental health of migrant workers within this region is notably lacking. Addressing this gap, our study marks the inaugural nationwide investigation into psychiatric conditions among migrant workers compared to native Qatari citizens in an inpatient setting. Employing a retrospective cohort methodology, we scrutinized psychiatric presentations among two cohorts: migrant workers (cohort 1) and Qatari nationals (cohort 2) admitted to psychiatric inpatient facilities in Qatar. Our sample comprised 150 migrant workers and 138 Qatari inpatients, with a predominance of males in both cohorts and mean ages around 34–35 years. The median length of hospitalization was 13 days for migrant workers and 14 days for Qatari patients. Qatari inpatients exhibited a higher prevalence of prior psychiatric history and comorbid physical conditions. The primary diagnosis upon discharge for approximately one-third of patients in both groups was schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders, with bipolar disorder representing roughly one-quarter of cases in each cohort. Notably, migrant workers demonstrated a higher incidence of depressive disorders, trauma, and stress-related conditions, while Qatari patients were more frequently diagnosed with substance use disorder and displayed aggressive behaviors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8543,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of psychiatry","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 104200"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876201824002934/pdfft?md5=9fa14bb68b5d62afb20fe13321319f66&pid=1-s2.0-S1876201824002934-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142098019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-30DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2024.104190
Panqi Liu , Qing Shen , Haitao Chen , Chunyu Yuan , Tianyi Zhu , Yannan Hu , Yuanlu Xiong , Yanli Zhao , Jiahua Xu , Shuping Tan
Adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD) experience significant difficulties in emotion regulation. This study aimed to explore emotion regulation in adolescents with depression using an emotion regulation paradigm combined with event-related potentials (ERP) while investigating the relationship between maternal emotion regulation and adolescent depressive symptoms through a mediation model. Overall, 38 healthy controls (HC) and 57 adolescents with depression (MDD) rated the pictures they saw according to aversive reappraisal (reappraisal of an aversive picture or down-regulate aversive emotions), aversive watch, and neutral conditions. Adolescents with depression gave more negative ratings to aversive images, and the emotional regulation success index (ERSI) of adolescents with depression was lower than that of healthy individuals. ERP data revealed an elevation in late positive potential (LPP) amplitude during the aversive reappraisal and aversive watch conditions compared with that in the neutral condition in the MDD group. Compared with the HC group, adolescents with depression showed larger LPP amplitudes under aversive watch conditions. The aversive reappraisal condition evoked a larger LPP than that in the other conditions in the HC group in the late time windows. The ΔLPP (separating the variability in the ERP wave associated with emotion regulation) was larger in the HC group than in the MDD group. Mediation analysis revealed that maternal emotion regulation influenced adolescent depression levels through its effect on the adolescent’s emotion regulation. These findings provide important insights into the emotion regulation process in adolescents with depression and offer suggestions for clinical interventions.
{"title":"Maternal emotion regulation abilities affect adolescent depressive symptoms by mediating their emotion regulation ability: An ERP study","authors":"Panqi Liu , Qing Shen , Haitao Chen , Chunyu Yuan , Tianyi Zhu , Yannan Hu , Yuanlu Xiong , Yanli Zhao , Jiahua Xu , Shuping Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.ajp.2024.104190","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajp.2024.104190","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD) experience significant difficulties in emotion regulation. This study aimed to explore emotion regulation in adolescents with depression using an emotion regulation paradigm combined with event-related potentials (ERP) while investigating the relationship between maternal emotion regulation and adolescent depressive symptoms through a mediation model. Overall, 38 healthy controls (HC) and 57 adolescents with depression (MDD) rated the pictures they saw according to aversive reappraisal (reappraisal of an aversive picture or down-regulate aversive emotions), aversive watch, and neutral conditions. Adolescents with depression gave more negative ratings to aversive images, and the emotional regulation success index (ERSI) of adolescents with depression was lower than that of healthy individuals. ERP data revealed an elevation in late positive potential (LPP) amplitude during the aversive reappraisal and aversive watch conditions compared with that in the neutral condition in the MDD group. Compared with the HC group, adolescents with depression showed larger LPP amplitudes under aversive watch conditions. The aversive reappraisal condition evoked a larger LPP than that in the other conditions in the HC group in the late time windows. The ΔLPP (separating the variability in the ERP wave associated with emotion regulation) was larger in the HC group than in the MDD group. Mediation analysis revealed that maternal emotion regulation influenced adolescent depression levels through its effect on the adolescent’s emotion regulation. These findings provide important insights into the emotion regulation process in adolescents with depression and offer suggestions for clinical interventions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8543,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of psychiatry","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 104190"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142238816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-30DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2024.104196
Dominikus David Biondi Situmorang
The purpose of this article is to provide an additional point of view containing discussion, implications, and recommendations for intervention to autistic persons who have suicidal ideation and behavior. Therefore, the author hopes that this article can complement reports on several previous studies that have had an extraordinary impact.
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Pub Date : 2024-08-30DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2024.104204
Kai-Ming Jhang , Pornpatr A. Dharmasaroja , Vorapun Senanarong , Jacqueline Dominguez , Linda CW Lam , Zhaohua Huo , Kenichi Meguro , Mari Kasai , Miwako Shoji , Cuibai Wei , YongSoo Shim , Pukovisa Prawiroharjo , Rocksy Fransisca V. Situmeang , Wen-Fu Wang , Ling-Chun Huang , Yuan-Han Yang
Background
The number of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has increased dramatically in Asia.
Objective
To update the demographic characteristics of patients with AD and their informants in eight Asian countries and compare them from 12 years prior.
Methods
The A1–A3 components of the Uniform Dataset (UDS), version 3.0, were administered in Taiwan, Beijing, Hong Kong, Korea, Japan, Philippines, Thailand, and Indonesia. Data were compared with patients with AD in the first registration using the UDS version 1.0 from 2010–2014 in the same regions.
Results
A total of 1885 patients with AD and their informants were recruited from 2022 to 2024 and were compared with 2042 patients recruited a decade prior. Each country had its own unique characteristics that changed between both eras. The mean age of the patients and informants was 79.8±8.2 years and 56.5±12.1 years, respectively. Compared with the first registration, the patients were older (79.8 vs 79.0, p=0.002) and had worse global function (mean CDR-SB scores 6.1 vs 5.8, p<0.001); more informants were children (56 % vs. 48 %, p<0.001), and their frequency of in-person visits increased significantly if not living together. A total of 11 %, 4.5 %, 11 %, and 0.4 % of the patients had a reported history of cognitive impairment in their mothers, fathers, siblings, and children, respectively; all percentages, except children, increased significantly over the past decade.
Conclusion
The present study reports the heterogeneous characteristics of patients with AD and their informants in Asian countries, and the distinct changes in the past decade. The differences in dementia evaluation and care between developing and developed countries warrant further investigation.
背景亚洲阿尔茨海默病患者的人数急剧增加:更新八个亚洲国家阿尔茨海默病患者及其信息提供者的人口统计学特征,并与 12 年前进行比较:方法:在台湾、北京、香港、韩国、日本、菲律宾、泰国和印度尼西亚进行了统一数据集(UDS)3.0 版 A1-A3 部分的调查。数据与2010-2014年在同一地区使用UDS 1.0版首次登记的AD患者进行了比较:结果:从2022年到2024年,共招募了1885名AD患者及其信息提供者,并与十年前招募的2042名患者进行了比较。每个国家都有自己独特的特征,这两个时代之间也有所变化。患者和信息提供者的平均年龄分别为(79.8±8.2)岁和(56.5±12.1)岁。与首次登记相比,患者年龄更大(79.8 vs 79.0,P=0.002),整体功能更差(CDR-SB 平均分 6.1 vs 5.8,P=0.002):本研究报告了亚洲国家注意力缺失症患者及其信息提供者的不同特征,以及过去十年间的显著变化。发展中国家和发达国家在痴呆症评估和护理方面的差异值得进一步研究。
{"title":"A 12-year comparison of patients with Alzheimer’s dementia with their informants in eight Asian countries","authors":"Kai-Ming Jhang , Pornpatr A. Dharmasaroja , Vorapun Senanarong , Jacqueline Dominguez , Linda CW Lam , Zhaohua Huo , Kenichi Meguro , Mari Kasai , Miwako Shoji , Cuibai Wei , YongSoo Shim , Pukovisa Prawiroharjo , Rocksy Fransisca V. Situmeang , Wen-Fu Wang , Ling-Chun Huang , Yuan-Han Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.ajp.2024.104204","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajp.2024.104204","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The number of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has increased dramatically in Asia.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To update the demographic characteristics of patients with AD and their informants in eight Asian countries and compare them from 12 years prior.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The A1–A3 components of the Uniform Dataset (UDS), version 3.0, were administered in Taiwan, Beijing, Hong Kong, Korea, Japan, Philippines, Thailand, and Indonesia. Data were compared with patients with AD in the first registration using the UDS version 1.0 from 2010–2014 in the same regions.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 1885 patients with AD and their informants were recruited from 2022 to 2024 and were compared with 2042 patients recruited a decade prior. Each country had its own unique characteristics that changed between both eras. The mean age of the patients and informants was 79.8±8.2 years and 56.5±12.1 years, respectively. Compared with the first registration, the patients were older (79.8 vs 79.0, <em>p</em>=0.002) and had worse global function (mean CDR-SB scores 6.1 vs 5.8, <em>p</em><0.001); more informants were children (56 % vs. 48 %, <em>p</em><0.001), and their frequency of in-person visits increased significantly if not living together. A total of 11 %, 4.5 %, 11 %, and 0.4 % of the patients had a reported history of cognitive impairment in their mothers, fathers, siblings, and children, respectively; all percentages, except children, increased significantly over the past decade.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The present study reports the heterogeneous characteristics of patients with AD and their informants in Asian countries, and the distinct changes in the past decade. The differences in dementia evaluation and care between developing and developed countries warrant further investigation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8543,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of psychiatry","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 104204"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142144933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}