Atmospheric Research最新文献

{"title":"Photochemical loss and source apportionment of atmospheric volatile organic compounds in a typical basin city of the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle","authors":"Xingnuo Ren ,&nbsp;Fengwen Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaochen Wang ,&nbsp;Mulan Chen ,&nbsp;Weikai Fang ,&nbsp;Xu Deng ,&nbsp;Peili Lu ,&nbsp;Zhenliang Li ,&nbsp;Hai Guo ,&nbsp;Neil L. Rose","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.107979","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.107979","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are key precursors in ozone formation, and their photochemical losses during atmospheric transport critically influence pollution characterization and source apportionment. The Chengdu-Chongqing region experiences heightened ozone pollution during the summer months. In light of this, we conducted an in-depth analysis of the atmospheric concentrations and photochemical losses of 56 VOC species in Rongchang of Chongqing, a representative city within the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle from June to September 2023. We employed a combination of Positive matrix factorization and backward trajectory analysis to comprehensively resolve emission sources. The results indicate that not considering photochemical losses could lead to substantial underestimations in VOC concentrations (TVOC, 20.87 %), ozone formation potential (OFP, 27.40 %) and hydroxyl radical loss (L_OH, 56.20 %). Positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis, based on the initial and observed concentrations, revealed that the motor vehicle emissions are overestimated by 7.95 % if neglecting the photochemical losses. Conversely, the industrial emissions, natural emissions, fossil fuel combustion, and solvent use sources are underestimated by 70.49 %, 44.24 %, 13.02 %, and 25.07 %, respectively. Backward trajectory analysis identified that industrial emissions predominantly originated from southeastern Sichuan and southwestern Chongqing, while solvent use emissions were concentrated in the main urban area of Chongqing. This study quantifies the impact of photochemical reactions on the characterization of atmospheric VOCs and source apportionment in Chongqing. The results provide critical insights to inform more effective control strategies for VOC pollution in the Chengdu-Chongqing metropolitan area.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"317 ","pages":"Article 107979"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143396191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the performance of GSMaP and IMERG in representing the diurnal cycle of precipitation in the Philippines during the southwest monsoon season","authors":"Enrico Alejandro S. Taña ,&nbsp;Lyndon Mark P. Olaguera ,&nbsp;Shane Marie A. Visaga ,&nbsp;Angela Monina T. Magnaye ,&nbsp;Alyssa Gewell A. Llorin ,&nbsp;Faye Abigail T. Cruz ,&nbsp;Jose Ramon T. Villarin ,&nbsp;Jun Matsumoto","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.107983","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.107983","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Philippines faces the challenge of having a limited number of rain-gauge stations, which are a vital source of observation data. Satellite-based precipitation data is a viable alternative; however, it is necessary to assess the strengths and weaknesses of these products over various regions in the Philippines. This study analyzes the performance of two leading products from the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission, namely: GSMaP_G v08 and IMERG_F v07. In particular, the diurnal cycle of precipitation in the Philippines during the southwest monsoon season (May to September) from 2013 to 2018 is assessed, in terms of precipitation amount (PA), frequency (PF) and intensity (PI), which has not been done in previous works. Results show that GSMaP_G outperforms IMERG_F in capturing the diurnal cycle for PA and PF, whereas IMERG_F better captures PI as GSMaP_G tends to underestimate PI consistently. In terms of timing, peak values for PA (PPA) and PF (PPF) have similar patterns for both station data and satellite products where these events develop during the afternoon to evening hours (15 to 18 Local Standard Time). Further examination of the possible drivers of these observed patterns suggests that for both station data and IMERG_F, short-duration events have the highest frequency contribution (≥ 60 %), while GSMaP_G has higher contribution (≥ 40 %) from long-duration precipitation events. However, in analyzing the contributions where intensity is considered, both station data and satellite products were observed to be dominated by short-duration light precipitation events (≥ 60 %). These results indicate that during the southwest monsoon season in the Philippines, the main drivers for PA and PF are short-duration light precipitation events, whereas PI may be driven more by localized rain showers. This may indicate that GSMaP_G is more suitable for examining hourly precipitation events that are more frequent but have a lower intensity, whereas IMERG_F may prove to be more useful when analyzing hourly precipitation events with higher intensities such as localized rain showers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"317 ","pages":"Article 107983"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143420054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavior of Cloud Base Height over Sumatra Mountains Region from Ceilometer Observations","authors":"Helmi Yusnaini ,&nbsp;Marzuki Marzuki ,&nbsp;Hiroyuki Hashiguchi ,&nbsp;Ravidho Ramadhan ,&nbsp;Elfira Saufina","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.107978","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.107978","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate knowledge of cloud properties is essential for reducing uncertainties in weather forecasts and improving climate prediction models. This study investigates the characteristics of cloud base height (CBH) using high-resolution ceilometer data collected at Kototabang, West Sumatra, Indonesia (0.202°S, 100.317°E), situated at 864.5 m above sea level. Analyzing data recorded over 18 years (April 2002 – December 2021), we found that clouds in Kototabang are predominantly characterized by low CBH (below 2 km), which accounts for 71.3 % of total cloud occurrences, followed by medium CBH (2–6 km) at 25.4 %. Most clouds in Kototabang consist of single-layer clouds (57.78 %), while two-layer and three-layer clouds are observed at 8.41 % and 0.56 %, respectively. Furthermore, CBH tends to decrease as the number of cloud layers increases, with the distance between cloud layers being relatively small, typically less than 0.5 km. The dominance of low CBH in Kototabang is consistent with the frequent occurrence of intense convective clouds in this region, as reported in previous studies. This pattern is also evident from cloud cover data derived from the fifth-generation ECMWF reanalysis (ERA5), which shows high cloud cover (HCC) during the wet season and low HCC during the dry season. Additionally, the mean CBH of the lowest cloud layer varies with weather conditions, reaching 1.80 km during non-rainy condition and decreasing to 1.3 km during rainfall events. CBH in Kototabang exhibits distinct seasonal and diurnal variations. The monthly cloud occurrence follows a bimodal pattern, closely aligning with the monthly average rainfall recorded by an optical rain gauge, which peaks in November and April. During the wet season (April and November), low-CBH clouds (&lt;2 km) are more dominant, whereas clouds with medium and high CBH (2–6 km) are more frequently observed during the dry season (May–July). The prevalence of low CBH in the wet season indicates the presence of thick convective clouds that develop rapidly, as corroborated by ERA5 cloud cover data. A clear diurnal pattern of CBH is also observed. In the morning (06:00–12:00 LST), when rainfall occurrence is minimal, CBH is generally higher. However, a noticeable decline in CBH is observed after 13:00 LST, coinciding with the increasing dominance of convective clouds over the Sumatran landmass. ERA5 data also support this diurnal variation. The observed CBH variations in Kototabang are a genuine atmospheric phenomenon rather than an artefact of ceilometer measurement limitations. Separating CBH data between rainy and non-rainy periods confirms the persistence of these seasonal and diurnal variations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"317 ","pages":"Article 107978"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143402930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving soil surface evaporation estimates with transformer-based model","authors":"Mijun Zou ,&nbsp;Lei Zhong ,&nbsp;Weijia Jia ,&nbsp;Yangfei Ge ,&nbsp;Ali Mamtimin","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.107972","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.107972","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil surface evaporation (E) is an important component of evapotranspiration from barren or sparsely vegetated (BSV) areas, and accurately estimating E in areas with limited water resources remains challenging due to the complexity of influencing factors. In this study, a large number of global ground-based measurements from bare soil conditions were collected, and a transformer-based model based on transformer architecture was developed to estimate E. The estimated instantaneous E achieved an R value of 0.73–0.96 and an RMSE of 0.03–0.05 mm/h, outperforming the process-based model, in which the surface evaporation resistance is considered as a function of soil moisture in exponential form or power form. The RMSE value of estimated E was low when the soil was relatively dry, indicating that the model is suited for water-limited regions. Furthermore, the transformer-based model was applied to BSV regions in Northwestern China, producing spatial patterns that were not only reasonable but also more detailed and consistent with river distributions. Compared to the other two products (GLEAM and BESS), the spatial annual mean E from our model and BESS were similar, while GLEAM's result was significantly lower, particularly in summer. Our findings suggest that applying deep learning to E simulation can greatly improve the accuracy and help overcome current challenges related to unclear mechanisms and the lack of universal modeling approaches.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"316 ","pages":"Article 107972"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143387420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Topographic effects on nitrogen deposition and critical load exceedance in the Sichuan Basin, China","authors":"Mingrui Ma ,&nbsp;Yuan Ji ,&nbsp;Weiyang Hu ,&nbsp;Wenxin Zhao ,&nbsp;Yu Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.107977","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.107977","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Atmospheric reactive nitrogen (Nr) deposition plays a crucial role in linking air pollution to ecosystem risks. As the primary source region of air pollutants in southwestern China, the Sichuan Basin (SCB) consistently experiences high Nr deposition, while the impact of its complex terrain on Nr deposition remains unclear. This study applied a basin-filling experiment in WRF-CMAQ modeling to investigate the effect of special topography on Nr deposition and exceedance of critical loads in SCB. We find that the basin terrain enhanced Nr deposition in SCB, particularly for oxidized nitrogen (OXN), with its annual dry and wet deposition elevated by 28 % and 25 %, respectively. These topography-induced changes in Nr deposition further deteriorated the ecosystem. The basin topography increased the Nr exceedance of critical load from 0.14 to 0.65 keq ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹. The southwest-to-northeast gradient of Nr deposition in SCB was primarily influenced by topography-induced changes in planetary boundary layer height (PBLH) and accumulated precipitation (PREP). The vertical circulation structure in the lower troposphere and weak winds inhibited the outflow of Nr pollutants, while the leeward eddy from the surface to around 3 km due to the Tibetan Plateau blocking effect promoted the accumulation of near-surface pollutants on the western side. Additionally, the western updrafts transported sufficient moisture to higher, cooler layers, enhancing convective activities and precipitation, and thereby wet deposition. These findings improve the scientific understanding on how topography modulates regional Nr deposition and provide insights for Nr pollution control strategies for areas with complex terrain and abundant air pollutant emissions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"316 ","pages":"Article 107977"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143378955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the causes of cloud diurnal variation biases in global climate models using the TaiESM1","authors":"I-Chun Tsai ,&nbsp;Chein-Jung Shiu ,&nbsp;Cheng-An Chen ,&nbsp;Huang-Hsiung Hsu ,&nbsp;You-Yu Mao ,&nbsp;Wei-Chyung Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.107976","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.107976","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Global climate models (GCMs) have significantly advanced in simulating mean cloud properties, yet challenges persist in accurately capturing cloud diurnal variations (CDVs), especially over land. This study explores the underlying causes of CDV biases by leveraging the Taiwan Earth System Model version 1 (TaiESM1), satellite observations, and reanalysis data. An assessment of CMIP6 models, including TaiESM1, indicates that these models perform well in simulating high and middle clouds over land and ocean. However, low clouds exhibit the weakest correlation, highlighting ongoing difficulties in their representation. Our analysis shows that TaiESM1 underestimates the diurnal amplitude of cloud fraction over land and predicts peak cloud coverage earlier than observed. While the simulated convective cloud fractions from shallow and deep convection schemes align well with observations, the stratiform cloud fractions produced by macrophysical schemes show a phase misalignment with observed CDVs. Moreover, the diurnal variations of stratiform clouds and their associated moisture tendencies deviate notably from observations, revealing limitations in the current parameterizations for stratiform clouds.</div><div>We recommend enhancing the macrophysical and microphysical parameterization schemes to address these biases. Specifically, integrating stratiform cloud macrophysics, microphysics, and turbulent boundary layer processes within GCMs, such as incorporating the Cloud Layers Unified By Binormals framework, might improve the simulation of diurnal variations in cloud fraction over land. Moreover, shifting from bulk moisture budget approaches to models emphasizing variations in convective detrainment and subgrid vertical velocities associated with turbulent mixing will enhance the realism of stratiform cloud simulations. Implementing these adjustments is anticipated to improve the accuracy of CDV simulations in TaiESM1 and other GCMs, leading to better climate simulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"316 ","pages":"Article 107976"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143379343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Causality of compound extreme heat-precipitation events in Northeastern China","authors":"Yirong Yang ,&nbsp;Chaoxia Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.107975","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.107975","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Under global warming, the occurrence of compound extreme weather and climate events has increased, resulting in profound ecological and societal damages. Understanding the forming mechanisms of these events is imperative for formulating effective mitigation and adaptation strategies. This research focuses on causality of the compound extreme heat and precipitation events (CEHPEs) in northeastern China. From 1961 to 2018, a total of 55 heatwave events occurred in this region, with 18 identified as the CEHPEs.</div><div>The formation of CEHPEs in northeastern China is closely related to the southeastward propagating quasi-barotropic anomalous anticyclone. As the center of the anomalous anticyclone approaches northeastern China, the associated descent reduces the cloud cover and increases downward shortwave radiation. The thus-heated ground increases the upward longwave radiation and sensible heat, predominantly warming the surface air and causing the heatwave. During the development of the heatwave, the increased lower-level moisture due to the enhanced surface evaporation and the increased column moist static energy due to the warming air temperature destabilize the atmosphere. When the anomalous anticyclone moves out of northeastern China after the heatwave, intense convection rapidly develops, resulting in extreme precipitation and completing the CEHPEs.</div><div>Comparison between the CEHPEs and the mere heatwave events is also conducted. The major difference resides in the zonal scale of the anomalous anticyclone. In the CEHPEs, the anomalous anticyclone has a small zonal scale and decays locally due to the advection by the climatological westerly acting on the zonal gradient of anomalous vorticity. In contrast, the zonal scale of the anomalous anticyclone in the mere heatwave events is much larger, which slowers the decaying due to the weaker zonal advection and thus impedes the convection development and extreme precipitation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"316 ","pages":"Article 107975"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143379422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microphysical effects of biomass burning aerosols enhance rainfall in the El-Niño-driven dryness over Southeast Asia","authors":"Azusa Takeishi ,&nbsp;Chien Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.107966","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.107966","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During the month of September, biomass burning activities peak in the southern part of Southeast Asia or the Maritime Continent. The emission and longevity of aerosols in the atmosphere depend on the rainfall, which in turn is largely dependent on the phase of El Niño–Southern Oscillation over this region. The results of a set of cloud-resolving simulations by a meteorology-chemistry model reveal that the large amount of fire aerosol particles emitted in this area acted to enhance the rainfall in September 2009, an otherwise dry El-Niño month. This enhancement was found to stem from increased ice and snow mass, likely due to reduced fallout of cloud water mass earlier in the development stage. This finding is in agreement with our previous finding from another El Niño year of 2015, indicating the microphysical effects of those fire particles slightly mitigating the dry conditions over the area in these El Niño years. The magnitude of the rain enhancement was larger for September of 2015 when the stronger El Niño led to a drier condition than September of 2009. Especially over land where the aerosol effect was most pronounced, the percentage increase of rainfall in 2015 was twice as large as that in 2009. Given the comparable aerosol optical depths between the two years in our simulations, we attribute the difference in the aerosol effect in 2009 and 2015 to the mid- and upper-tropospheric dryness that may or may not leave room for the convective invigoration by aerosols.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"317 ","pages":"Article 107966"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143420056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Space and ground-based measurements of negative cloud-to-ground strokes with and without significant continuing currents","authors":"Megan D. Mark ,&nbsp;Amitabh Nag ,&nbsp;Kenneth L. Cummins ,&nbsp;Mathieu N. Plaisir ,&nbsp;Dylan J. Goldberg ,&nbsp;Phillip M. Bitzer ,&nbsp;Abdullah Y. Imam ,&nbsp;Hamid K. Rassoul","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.107971","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.107971","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We examined the responses of the Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM) onboard the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-16 (GOES-16) to 174 negative cloud-to-ground (CG) return strokes in 77 flashes that occurred in Florida in 2018–2023. We recorded these strokes on high-speed video cameras from which we measured the continuing current durations. The GLM flash and stroke detection efficiencies were 80.5 and 50 %, respectively. The nighttime stroke detection efficiency was 2.4 times higher than that during the daytime (81.3 versus 33.9 %, receptively). The detection efficiencies for first strokes and single-stroke flashes were 31.3 and 30 %, respectively, which were lower than that for subsequent strokes (61.7 %). The GLM stroke detection efficiency did not depend upon the return stroke peak current reported by the U.S. National Lightning Detection Network, but it was significantly higher (64.9 versus 37.5 %) for strokes with significant (&gt;3 ms) continuing current durations versus those without (&lt;3 ms) such currents. Continuing current durations estimated from the GLM data were significantly underestimated and were unrelated to those measured from video camera records; none of the GLM-derived continuing current durations exceeded 6 ms, while those obtained from video camera records ranged from 0.28 to 685 ms. GLM Level 0 versus Level 2 data comparison indicates that onboard and ground processing techniques applied for noise removal may be responsible for continuing current duration underestimation and reduced first-stroke detection efficiency, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"317 ","pages":"Article 107971"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143402869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonality of precipitation isotopes associated with water vapor budget: A hierarchical clustering-based zoning in China","authors":"Haixiang Jie ,&nbsp;Yudong Shi ,&nbsp;Shengjie Wang ,&nbsp;Shijun Lei ,&nbsp;Yuqing Qian ,&nbsp;Hongyang Li ,&nbsp;Cunwei Che ,&nbsp;Xiaofan Zhu ,&nbsp;Mingjun Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.107970","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.107970","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a natural tracer of the water cycle, the stable water isotopes in precipitation usually show spatial dependency. The geographical zoning of precipitation isotopes provides a spatial perspective to understand the large-scale climatological background associated with isotopic fractionation. Here a Ward hierarchical clustering analysis was conducted on a monthly <em>δ</em>¹⁸O product across China with a spatial resolution of 10′ × 10′ (latitude by longitude), and a new zoning scheme for precipitation isotopes in China was designed. According to the intra-annual isotopic variations, the terrestrial area of China was divided into seven subregions in this new scheme, i.e., Northeast China (NE), North China (N), South China (S), arid Northwest China (NW_a), extreme arid Northwest China (NW_ea), cold Southwest China (SW_c), and humid Southwest China (SW_h). We examined the monthly variations in precipitation isotopes and local meteoric water lines for each subregion. The subregional slopes of local meteoric water lines range between 6.52 (Northeast China) and 8.20 (South China). According to the climate reanalysis data, we quantified the input and output of atmospheric water vapor from the meridional and zonal boundaries for each subregion, and found that the regional isotopic characteristics are consistent with the water vapor budgets. The scheme reveals the large-scale moisture transport of monsoon systems and the topographic effect of plateaus and basins. The new zoning scheme in this study provides fundamental isotopic information for diverse climate backgrounds in China, and is useful for regional studies in the atmospheric, hydrological and ecological fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"317 ","pages":"Article 107970"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143396190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}