Atmospheric Research最新文献

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Evaluation of model performance in simulating extreme precipitation indices over eastern China: A comparison of CORDEX and NEX-GDDP models 模拟中国东部极端降水指数的模式性能评价：CORDEX和NEX-GDDP模式的比较

IF 5.5 2区地球科学 Q1 METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES

Atmospheric Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2026.108760

Honglin Yu, Shuping Li, Siyi Wang, Wenping He

引用次数: 0

Cloud temperature gradient and inversion distribution in Xi’an, China, based on long-sequence radiosonde data 基于长序列探空资料的西安云温梯度与反演分布

IF 4.4 2区地球科学 Q1 METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES

Atmospheric Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2026.108772

Ning Chen , Qimeng Li , Huige Di , Xiao Cheng , Jiaying Yang , Shuicheng Bai , Mei Cao , Dengxin Hua

Clouds are a critical component of the Earth–atmosphere system, exerting strong influence on climate change and the global water cycle. Temperature is a fundamental parameter governing cloud development and evolution, and its vertical gradient directly shapes the vertical structure of clouds, thereby modulating key cloud physical processes. However, cloud temperature observations remain limited, and previous studies have primarily focused on single-layer clouds (SLC) or a single inversion layer. In this study, ten years of radiosonde data (2014–2023) in Xi’an were used to investigate the occurrence frequency and vertical temperature structure of SLC, double-layer clouds (DLC), and multi-layer clouds (MLC). The results show that the occurrence frequency of SLC tends to decrease over time, while the frequency of DLC and MLC increases year by year in Xi’an. Cloud top heights (CTH) exhibit significant seasonal variations. In SLC, temperature inversions (TI) occur more frequently in the upper cloud during winter and spring and are generally stronger at cloud tops than at cloud bases, with the probability of strong cloud-top TI exceeding that at the cloud base by more than a factor of two. While SLC is dominated by single-layer radiative cooling, TI in DLC and MLC exhibits complex interlayer radiative coupling mechanisms. In DLC and MLC, upper clouds tend to show shallow inversion depths under strong TI, whereas weak TI is associated with deeper inversions. Lower clouds, in contrast, exhibit nearly twice the probability of strong cloud-top TI compared with upper clouds. This pronounced enhancement suggests that radiative forcing from upper clouds plays a key intermediary role in strengthening TI in lower clouds. When temperature gradients are small, however, this enhancement is reduced and inversion development in lower clouds may be suppressed. Overall, these findings clarify the vertical coupling between cloud layers and TI, providing refined insights and valuable observational evidence for future studies on cloud–radiation interactions and cloud physical processes.

云是地球-大气系统的重要组成部分，对气候变化和全球水循环具有重要影响。温度是控制云发展演变的基本参数，其垂直梯度直接决定云的垂直结构，从而调节云的关键物理过程。然而，云温观测仍然有限，以往的研究主要集中在单层云（SLC）或单层逆温层。利用西安市2014-2023年10年探空资料，研究了SLC、双层云（DLC）和多层云（MLC）的出现频率和垂直温度结构。结果表明：西安市SLC的发生频率随时间的推移呈下降趋势，而DLC和MLC的发生频率呈逐年上升趋势；云顶高度（CTH）表现出显著的季节变化。在SLC中，冬季和春季逆温（TI）在上层云中发生的频率更高，并且通常在云顶比在云底更强，云顶逆温（TI）强的概率超过云底的两倍以上。SLC以单层辐射冷却为主，而DLC和MLC中的TI则表现出复杂的层间辐射耦合机制。在DLC和MLC中，在强TI下，上层云呈现出较浅的逆温深度，而弱TI则与较深的逆温相关。相比之下，较低的云表现出强云顶TI的可能性几乎是上层云的两倍。这种明显的增强表明，来自上层云层的辐射强迫在加强下层云层的TI中起着关键的中介作用。然而，当温度梯度较小时，这种增强减弱，低层云层的逆温发展可能受到抑制。总的来说，这些发现阐明了云层与TI之间的垂直耦合，为未来云辐射相互作用和云物理过程的研究提供了精细化的见解和有价值的观测证据。

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引用次数: 0

Mechanism of the quasi-biweekly precipitation variability over the Mongolian Plateau and its simulations in CMIP6 models 蒙古高原准双周降水变率机制及其CMIP6模式模拟

IF 4.4 2区地球科学 Q1 METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES

Atmospheric Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2026.108767

Yepeng Xiao , Yingxia Gao , Rong Li , Yitian Qian , Xiaodong Liu

The Mongolian Plateau (MP), a typical arid and semi-arid region, hosts fragile ecosystems that are highly sensitive to variations in precipitation. Within a summer season, precipitation in the MP exhibits significant 10–30-day variability, accounting for ∼40% of the total precipitation variability. This study investigates the characteristics of quasi-biweekly precipitation in the MP and evaluates its representation in 20 CMIP6 climate models. Surprisingly, all models underestimate the intensity of the quasi-biweekly precipitation (only 35–80%). Further analysis shows that this deficiency mainly results from the insufficiency of dynamic conditions associated with ascending motion rather than the thermodynamic conditions related to moisture. Diagnosis of the scale-decomposed moisture budget equation reveals that the anomalous water vapor in the MP mostly comes from horizontal moisture advection, in which both anomalous southeasterlies transporting the background moisture and background westerlies transporting the moisture perturbations into the MP play positive roles. CMIP6 models reasonably capture these moisture processes, but they poorly simulate the mid-latitude wave-train system that is critical for generating ascending motion. The pronounced positive vorticity advection observed on the lee-side of the Altai Mountains is not captured in the CMIP6 simulations. Consequently, compared to the ascending motion appearing over the entire MP in the observations, the simulated upward motion is only present in the eastern plateau. The negative biases of the circulation anomalies greatly suppress the quasi-biweekly rainfall intensity, highlighting dynamical deficiencies in current climate models.

蒙古高原是典型的干旱半干旱地区，生态系统脆弱，对降水变化高度敏感。在夏季，中高原的降水表现出显著的10 - 30天变率，占总降水变率的约40%。本文研究了青藏高原准双周降水特征，并对其在20个CMIP6气候模式中的代表性进行了评价。令人惊讶的是，所有模式都低估了准双周降水的强度（只有35-80%）。进一步分析表明，这种不足主要是由于与上升运动有关的动力条件的不足，而不是与湿度有关的热力学条件的不足。对尺度分解水汽平衡方程的诊断表明，高原异常水汽主要来自水平水汽平流，其中输送本底水汽的异常东南风和输送本底水汽扰动的异常西风带都起到了积极作用。CMIP6模式合理地捕获了这些水汽过程，但它们对中纬度波列系统的模拟很差，而中纬度波列系统对产生上升运动至关重要。CMIP6模拟没有捕捉到在阿尔泰山背风侧观测到的明显的正涡度平流。因此，与观测中整个高原出现的上升运动相比，模拟的上升运动只出现在高原东部。环流异常的负偏极大地抑制了准双周降水强度，突出了当前气候模式的动力学缺陷。

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引用次数: 0

An overview of spatiotemporal variation, chemical characteristics, source apportionment, and potential influential factors of PM2.5 in coastal regions and at islands of East Asia 东亚沿海和海岛PM2.5时空变化、化学特征、来源分配及潜在影响因素综述

IF 5.5 2区地球科学 Q1 METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES

Atmospheric Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2026.108759

Po-Hsuan Yen, Wen-Hsi Cheng, Yu-Lun Tseng, Chung-Shin Yuan, Kuo-Cheng Lo, Nian-Jie Li, Jia-Yi Zhao

引用次数: 0

Contrasting microphysics and environmental drivers of weak and intense convection-induced extreme precipitation: Insights from GPM DPR observations 对比弱对流和强对流诱导极端降水的微物理和环境驱动因素：来自GPM DPR观测的见解

IF 5.5 2区地球科学 Q1 METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES

Atmospheric Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2026.108762

Zelin Wang, Xiong Hu, Weihua Ai, Shensen Hu, Junqi Qiao, Xianbin Zhao

引用次数: 0

Global monsoon variability in a 1.5 °C warming climate: Observational changes and end-century projections 1.5°C变暖气候下的全球季风变率：观测变化和世纪末预估

IF 5.5 2区地球科学 Q1 METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES

Atmospheric Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2026.108765

Ricky Anak Kemarau, Zulfaqar Sa'adi, Najeebullah Khan, Bassim Mohammed Hashim, Leonardo Goliatt, Sajjad Firas Abdulameer, Suraj Kumar Bhagat, Zaher Mundher Yaseen, Shamsuddin Shahid

引用次数: 0

Unusual tropical cyclone looping tracks associated with monsoon gyre near an isolated high mountain 在一座孤立的高山附近，与季风环流有关的不寻常的热带气旋循环路径

IF 4.4 2区地球科学 Q1 METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES

Atmospheric Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2026.108761

Weihao Wang , Xuyang Ge , Melinda Peng

The processes on Tropical cyclones' (TCs) looping tracks (LTs) near an isolated terrain are investigated with numerical simulations. The large-scale environmental fields of observed TCs approaching Taiwan Island with and without LTs are compared. LT cases exhibit a monsoon gyre (MG)-like circulation on the southeast side of the TC, in contrast to the non-looping cases. This circulation serves as a key background difference of the two types of TC motions. Idealized simulations show that when a TC approaches the island's topography from the east, the channeling effect enhances the northerly flow, accelerating the TC southward. Meanwhile, the MG is blocked by the topography, preventing it from merging with the TC as it does in the absence of topography, contributing to a separation between their centers. As a result, the westerly flow from the southern flank of MG can subsequently steer the TC. Thereafter, the merger of MG and TC circulation completes the LT. In contrast, a TC in the absence of either an MG or topography only exhibits a southward or northward deflection, without undergoing a LT. This study highlights the interactions among the TC, MG and topography may induce unusual TC tracks.

用数值模拟方法研究了热带气旋在孤立地形附近的环流过程。比较了有LTs和没有LTs的TCs接近台湾岛的大尺度环境场。与非环流的案例相比，LT案例在TC的东南侧表现出季风环流（MG）样环流。这种环流是两种TC运动的关键背景差异。理想模拟结果表明，当热带风暴从东部接近岛屿地形时，通道效应增强了偏北气流，加速了热带风暴向南移动。与此同时，MG被地形阻挡，阻止了它与TC的合并，因为它在没有地形的情况下会这样做，从而导致它们中心之间的分离。因此，来自MG南侧的西风气流随后可以引导TC。此后，MG和TC环流的合并完成了lt。相比之下，没有MG或地形的TC只表现出向南或向北的偏转，而不会发生lt。本研究强调了TC、MG和地形之间的相互作用可能导致异常的TC轨迹。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of Rossby wave trains triggered by two successive typhoons in 2023 on local air pollutant concentrations in China 2023年连续两次台风引发的罗斯比波列对中国局部空气污染物浓度的影响

IF 4.4 2区地球科学 Q1 METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES

Atmospheric Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2026.108768

Xin Liu , Jianing Feng , Lu Liu , Hongxiong Xu , Dajun Zhao , Hui Wang , Yike Zhou

Air pollution is strongly linked to local and synoptic-scale atmospheric conditions, and tropical cyclones (TCs) are recognized as high-wind systems that facilitate pollutant scavenging. A key question is whether TC-triggered Rossby wave trains exert direct or remote indirect influences on pollutant concentrations. Using multi-source reanalysis datasets, this study examined the dynamic impacts of the Rossby wave trains from two successive TCs in 2023 (Doksuri, TC1; Khanun, TC2) on central China's pollutant concentrations. Results showed a prominent Rossby wave train was excited by TC1; its alternating anticyclone (A) - cyclone (C) structure drove periodic high-low pressure oscillations in the study area. Pollutant concentrations correlated with wave train phases: cyclonic phases (TC1/TC2/C1) brought strong ascent, enhanced winds, and precipitation, reducing PM2.5 and CO rapidly; anticyclonic phases (A0/A1/A2) caused subsidence and weak winds, worsening diffusion and increasing pollutants. TC1 directly affected local pollution by passing through the area. TC2 propagated northward over the ocean with no direct impact on the study area, but its wave train blocked mid-latitude energy transport, forcing mid-latitude high-pressure energy southward and inducing secondary pollution. This study is the first to quantify TC-Rossby wave train effects on pollutant diffusion (direct/indirect), providing a novel perspective for TC-air pollution links.

空气污染与当地和天气尺度的大气条件密切相关，热带气旋（tc）被认为是促进污染物清除的大风系统。一个关键问题是tc触发的罗斯比波列是否对污染物浓度产生直接或远程间接影响。利用多源再分析数据，研究了2023年连续两个tc （Doksuri, TC1; Khanun, TC2）的rosssby波列对中国中部污染物浓度的动态影响。结果表明：TC1激发出明显的罗斯比波列；其反气旋(A) -气旋(C)交替结构驱动研究区的周期性高低压振荡。污染物浓度与波列相相关：气旋相（TC1/TC2/C1）带来了强上升、强风和强降水，使PM2.5和CO迅速降低；反气旋阶段（A0/A1/A2）造成下沉和弱风，扩散恶化和污染物增加。TC1穿过该地区，直接影响了当地的污染。TC2在海洋上空向北传播，对研究区无直接影响，但其波列阻挡了中纬度能量输送，迫使中纬度高压能量南下，造成二次污染。本研究首次量化了tc - rosby波列对污染物扩散的影响（直接/间接），为tc -空气污染联系提供了新的视角。

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引用次数: 0

Traffic and PM10 in Veneto region (northeastern Italy): The lesson of the 2020 lockdown 威尼托地区（意大利东北部）的交通和PM10: 2020年封锁的教训

IF 4.4 2区地球科学 Q1 METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES

Atmospheric Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2026.108766

Denise Pernigotti , Mario Marcello Miglietta

The COVID-19 lockdown in 2020 represented a unique opportunity to evaluate the way reduced traffic may influence air pollution levels. In the present study, this analysis is performed in the Veneto region, northeastern Italy, one of the most polluted areas in Europe, in the eastern Po Valley. During the first month of the COVID-19 lockdown period, the concentrations of fine particles (PM10) fell by 20–25% in the area, which corresponded to a 30–40% decrease in NO₂ emissions, mostly attributed to lower traffic volumes.

In order to understand if the specific atmospheric conditions of the period affected the decrease in PM10 concentration, meteorological data from ground stations and radio-soundings, together with ERA5 reanalysis data, were analysed to better define the role of meteorology in the reduced pollution concentrations. The analysis does not identify significant changes in the meteorological conditions.

The improvement in the concentrations of PM10 during the lockdown period emphasizes the potential benefits of traffic reduction in achieving air quality goals. Unfortunately, current policy plans are insufficient, failing the 39% reduction in traffic emissions declared as necessary by the Veneto region to comply with EU standards. This consideration highlights the urgent need for significant changes in traffic management strategies in the region.

2020年新冠肺炎疫情封锁为评估交通减少可能影响空气污染水平的方式提供了一个独特的机会。在本研究中，该分析是在意大利东北部威尼托地区进行的，这是欧洲污染最严重的地区之一，位于波河东部。在新冠肺炎疫情封锁期间的第一个月，该地区的细颗粒物（PM10）浓度下降了20-25%，相当于二氧化氮排放量下降了30-40%，这主要是由于交通量减少。

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引用次数: 0

Understanding the spatial heterogeneity of black carbon variation drivers in China: Views from explainable machine learning 理解中国黑碳变化驱动因素的空间异质性：来自可解释机器学习的观点

IF 4.4 2区地球科学 Q1 METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES

Atmospheric Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2026.108749

Huang Zheng , Weiwei Chen , Xiaohui Bi , Nan Chen , Cheng Wu , Mingming Zheng , Shaofei Kong

Differences in black carbon (BC) emissions and diverse climate zones in China result in significant spatial heterogeneity of BC levels. Understanding the roles of emissions, meteorological conditions, and other factors in BC variation is important for mitigating its adverse effects. This study conducted synchronous observations of BC in Changchun (CC), Tianjin (TJ), Wuhan (WH), and Guangzhou (GZ) during winter. Results showed that BC levels were highest in WH compared to the other cities (p < 0.001). Simulations using the Flexible Particle Dispersion (FLEXPART) model and BC emission inventories quantified the contributions from local transport and different sectors. Results indicated that local emissions were the dominant geographical source of observed BC levels at all four sites. BC from residential, commercial, and other sectors was the dominant source in TJ, WH, and GZ. Using the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) method, emissions were identified as the predominant factor influencing BC variation at the four sites. While changes in meteorological conditions were the most influential factor contributing to BC concentration increases as air quality worsened from clean to polluted in CC, TJ, and WH. Regarding the impacts of features on model outputs, emissions showed a linear relationship with simulated BC, while the effects of transport and meteorological conditions exhibited spatial heterogeneity. This study highlights the need for continuous reduction of BC emissions to decrease ambient BC levels, and this recommendation can be extended to other parts of the country.

中国黑碳排放的差异和不同气候带导致黑碳排放水平的空间异质性显著。了解排放、气象条件和其他因素在BC变化中的作用对于减轻其不利影响非常重要。本研究冬季在长春（CC）、天津（TJ）、武汉（WH）和广州（GZ）进行了BC同步观测。结果显示，与其他城市相比，WH的BC水平最高（p < 0.001）。利用柔性粒子分散（FLEXPART）模型和BC排放清单进行模拟，量化了当地运输和不同部门的贡献。结果表明，本地排放是四个站点观测到的BC水平的主要地理来源。来自住宅、商业和其他部门的BC是TJ、WH和GZ的主要来源。利用SHapley加性解释（SHAP）方法，确定了排放是影响4个站点BC变化的主要因素。在CC、TJ和WH，随着空气质量从清洁到污染的恶化，气象条件的变化是导致BC浓度增加的最重要因素。在特征对模型输出的影响方面，排放与模拟BC呈线性关系，而运输和气象条件的影响则表现出空间异质性。这项研究强调了持续减少BC排放以降低环境BC水平的必要性，这一建议可以推广到该国其他地区。

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