Atmospheric Research最新文献_第10页

All-sky radiance assimilation of INSAT-3DS imager water vapour channel in the weather research and forecasting model 气象研究与预报模式中INSAT-3DS成像仪水汽通道的全天辐射同化

IF 4.4 2区地球科学 Q1 METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES

Atmospheric Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108674

Prashant Kumar , P.K. Thapliyal , V.S. Prasad

This study presents the assimilation impact of all-sky water vapour (WV) radiance observations from the recently launched Indian geostationary satellite (INSAT-3DS) into the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. To evaluate the impact of INSAT-3DS data, three identical assimilation experiments were conducted in July 2024 over South Asia: a control run (WCNT) without INSAT-3DS Imager WV radiance assimilation, a clear-sky WV radiance assimilation run (WCLR), and an all-sky WV radiance assimilation run (WCLD). The assimilation impact was assessed by comparing the WRF analyses simulated brightness temperature (T_B) against independent satellite observations from Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS), High-Resolution Infrared Sounder/4 (HIRS/4), and Microwave Humidity Sounder (MHS) sensors. Results demonstrate that all-sky assimilation significantly increases the number of assimilated observations (∼300 %) compared to clear-sky assimilation, leading to analyses that are more consistent with independent satellite measurements. Short-range forecast evaluations confirm the advantages of all-sky radiance (ASR) assimilation, with improved predictions of simulated WV T_B, moisture, and temperature fields compared to clear-sky radiance (CSR) assimilation. When verified against INSAT-3DS WV channel observations, WCLD forecasts consistently exhibit reduced bias and root mean square deviation (RMSD) compared to WCLR and WCNT forecasts. These results highlight the potential of ASR assimilation to enhance the accuracy of the WRF model predictions, particularly in summer monsoon-affected regions where cloud-affected radiances contain crucial atmospheric information. Overall, this study underscores the importance of ASR assimilation in improving the representation of atmospheric moisture and advancing short-range weather forecasts.

本文介绍了最近发射的印度地球同步卫星（INSAT-3DS）的全天水汽（WV）辐射观测对天气研究与预报（WRF）模式的同化影响。为了评估INSAT-3DS数据的影响，我们于2024年7月在南亚地区进行了三个相同的同化实验：没有INSAT-3DS成像仪WV辐射同化的对照运行（WCNT）、晴空WV辐射同化运行（WCLR）和全天WV辐射同化运行（WCLD）。通过将WRF分析模拟的亮度温度（TB）与先进技术微波测深仪（ATMS）、高分辨率红外测深仪/4 （HIRS/4）和微波湿度测深仪（MHS）传感器的独立卫星观测结果进行比较，评估同化影响。结果表明，与晴空同化相比，全天同化显著增加了同化观测的数量（~ 300%），导致分析结果与独立卫星测量结果更加一致。短期预报评估证实了全天辐射（ASR）同化的优势，与晴空辐射（CSR）同化相比，全天辐射（ASR）同化对模拟WV TB、湿度和温度场的预测有所改进。当与INSAT-3DS WV通道观测数据进行验证时，与WCLR和WCNT预测相比，WCLD预测始终显示出较小的偏差和均方根偏差（RMSD）。这些结果强调了ASR同化提高WRF模式预测准确性的潜力，特别是在夏季受季风影响的地区，云影响的辐射包含关键的大气信息。总的来说，本研究强调了ASR同化在改善大气湿度表征和推进短期天气预报方面的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Extreme ozone pollution over North China linked to Rossby waves induced by North Atlantic sea surface temperature 北大西洋海面温度引起的罗斯比波与华北地区极端臭氧污染有关

IF 4.4 2区地球科学 Q1 METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES

Atmospheric Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108668

Fei Wang , Xiadong An , Lifang Sheng

Two unsurprisingly extreme O₃ pollution events hit the North China Plain (NCP) on 14–15th and 22–24th June of 2023, with peak O₃ concentrations exceeding the regional climatological mean by approximately 29.88 % and 31.76 %, respectively. This paper investigates the characteristics and the multiscale meteorological drivers of these extreme events. The results show that the O₃ peaks linked to higher near-surface temperatures, lower relative humidity in the near-surface layer, weaker near surface wind speeds, and stronger shortwave radiation in the NCP. While these meteorological conditions were primarily modulated by a Rossby wave train at 500 hPa over the upper and middle latitudes of Eurasia. The HadGEM3-GC31-LL model from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6), the sensitive experiment based on the Community Earth System Model (CESM) and the linear baroclinic model effectively captured this wave train. And combined with observations, our analysis demonstrates that the wave train was triggered by a positive sea surface temperature anomaly in the North Atlantic during May–June.

2023年6月14日至15日和22日至24日，华北平原发生了两次不出意料的O3极端污染事件，峰值O3浓度分别超过区域气候平均值约29.88%和31.76%。本文研究了这些极端事件的特征及其多尺度气象驱动因素。结果表明：O3峰值与近地表温度升高、近地表相对湿度降低、近地表风速减弱、短波辐射增强有关；而这些气象条件主要是由欧亚大陆中高纬度上空500 hPa的罗斯比波列调制的。耦合模式比对项目（CMIP6）的HadGEM3-GC31-LL模式、基于社区地球系统模式（CESM）的敏感实验和线性斜压模式有效地捕获了这一波列。结合观测结果，我们的分析表明，5 - 6月北大西洋海面温度正异常触发了波列。

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引用次数: 0

Vertical observations of atmospheric HONO and HCHO: Implications for HONO formation via NO2 heterogeneous reactions and OH radical production by photolysis at different altitudes 大气HONO和HCHO的垂直观测：不同高度通过NO2非均相反应形成HONO和通过光解产生OH自由基的意义

IF 4.4 2区地球科学 Q1 METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES

Atmospheric Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108671

Baixue Yang , Qianqian Hong , Chengzhi Xing , Shaocong Wei , Yizhi Zhu , Jian Mei , Mao Mao , Xiaojian Zhang , Jingcheng Xing , Shijian Yang , Cheng Liu

Vertical distributions of gaseous nitrous acid (HONO) and formaldehyde (HCHO) are crucial for hydroxyl radical (OH) production and atmospheric oxidative capacity at different altitudes. This study utilized multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) to measure the vertical profiles of HONO, HCHO, nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), and aerosols in Guangzhou, China, from July 2019 to June 2020. The average vertical profiles of HONO and NO₂ displayed an exponential trend, while HCHO and aerosols exhibited a near-Gaussian distribution. Direct emissions accounted for 29 % of HONO sources, with heterogeneous processes being predominant. The conversion rate of NO₂ to HONO (C_HONO) at 1.0 km was 3.08 times greater than that at ground level. HONO formation via NO₂ heterogeneous reactions was influenced by temperature, relative humidity (RH), and solar radiation intensity (SRI). The HONO/NO₂ ratio initially decreased with rising temperature, reaching a minimum between 20 and 25 °C, and increased with RH below approximately 85 %, and SRI above 700 W/m². Photolysis rates of HONO (J_HONO) and HCHO (J_HCHO) increased linearly with altitude, peaking between 12:00–13:00 LT, with J_HONO significantly exceeding J_HCHO at the surface. Near the surface, OH production from HONO (POH_(HONO)) was greater than from HCHO (POH_(HCHO)), while at altitudes of 0.2–2.2 km, HONO contributed less to OH formation compared to HCHO. This study highlights the significance of the vertical observations of HONO and HCHO for understanding their vertical differences in evolution, sources, and atmospheric oxidizing contributions.

气态亚硝酸（HONO）和甲醛（HCHO）的垂直分布对不同海拔地区的羟基自由基（OH）产生和大气氧化能力至关重要。本研究利用多轴差分光学吸收光谱（MAX-DOAS）技术测量了2019年7月至2020年6月中国广州地区HONO、HCHO、二氧化氮（NO2）和气溶胶的垂直剖面。HONO和NO2的平均垂直分布呈指数分布，而HCHO和气溶胶的平均垂直分布呈近高斯分布。直接排放占HONO源的29%，以异质过程为主。在1.0 km处NO2转化为HONO （CHONO）的速率是地面的3.08倍。温度、相对湿度（RH）和太阳辐射强度（SRI）对NO2非均相反应形成HONO的影响较大。HONO/NO2比率最初随着温度的升高而下降，在20 ~ 25℃之间达到最小值，当相对湿度低于85%左右，SRI高于700 W/m2时，HONO/NO2比率上升。HONO （JHONO）和HCHO （JHCHO）的光解速率随海拔高度线性增加，在12:00-13:00之间达到峰值，其中JHONO在地表的光解速率明显超过JHCHO。在地表附近，HONO （POH(HONO)）产生的OH大于HCHO (POH(HCHO))，而在海拔0.2 ~ 2.2 km处，HONO对OH形成的贡献小于HCHO。本研究强调了HONO和HCHO的垂直观测对于了解它们在演化、来源和大气氧化贡献方面的垂直差异的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

BDS-retrieved minute-level atmospheric stability indices for convective event monitoring 北斗系统反演的对流事件监测分钟级大气稳定指数

IF 4.4 2区地球科学 Q1 METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES

Atmospheric Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108660

Lei Fan , Linghao Zhou , Yunchang Cao , Chuang Shi , Hong Liang , Yizhu Wang

Monitoring atmospheric stability is important for forecasting convection. To compensate for the insufficient temporal resolution of traditional techniques, precise precipitable water vapor (PWV) derived from BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) observations was employed to establish a model for retrieving the minute-level K-Index and Showalter Index for convective events. BDS-derived PWV (BDS-PWV) revealed the bias and root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 0.5 and 1.9 mm, respectively, with respect to the Fifth Generation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Reanalysis (ERA5). Compared with radiosonde data, the corresponding values were − 0.5 and 2.5 mm, respectively. This indicates the feasibility of using BDS-PWV for further modeling. Subsequently, two atmospheric stability indices were retrieved from the BDS-PWV using the traditional least-squares (LSQ), backpropagation neural network (BPNN), and random forest (RF) methods. The evaluation process adopted both the ERA5 reanalysis and satellite-based products from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). The results indicated that the RF method performed best among the three methods. Taking ERA5 reanalysis as the reference, the average correlation coefficients, RMSEs, and mean absolute percentage errors (MAPEs) are 0.98/0.97, 2.8/1.3 °C, and 3.8 %/5.0 % for the K-Index and Showalter Index, respectively. A similar performance was obtained when compared with MODIS products with average correlation coefficients, RMSEs, and MAPEs of 0.94/0.90, 4.8/1.9 °C, and 6.1 %/7.4 %, respectively. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using the BDS-retrieved minute-level K-Index and Showalter Index for meteorological studies. Finally, the two modeled atmospheric stability indices were applied to three representative convective events that occurred in 2024 over Beijing and its surrounding areas. Temporal analysis of the two indices clearly revealed the onset and sustained processes of the convective events. Moreover, the forecasting results based on the two atmospheric stability indices demonstrated their potential for indicating convective rainfall. The proposed BDS-retrieved minute-level atmospheric stability indices can be useful indicators for monitoring and nowcasting atmospheric convection.

监测大气稳定性对对流预报很重要。为了弥补传统技术在时间分辨率上的不足，利用北斗卫星导航系统（BDS）观测的精确可降水量（PWV）建立了对流事件的分钟级k指数和Showalter指数反演模型。bds衍生PWV （BDS-PWV）与欧洲中期天气预报中心（ECMWF）第五代再分析（ERA5）的偏差和均方根误差（RMSE）分别为0.5和1.9 mm。与探空数据相比，相应值分别为- 0.5 mm和2.5 mm。这表明利用BDS-PWV进行进一步建模的可行性。随后，利用传统的最小二乘（LSQ）、反向传播神经网络（BPNN）和随机森林（RF）方法从北斗- pwv卫星中获取了两个大气稳定性指标。评估过程采用了ERA5再分析和中分辨率成像光谱仪（MODIS）的卫星产品。结果表明，三种方法中射频法效果最好。以ERA5再分析为参考，K-Index和Showalter Index的平均相关系数、均方根误差（rmse）和平均绝对百分比误差（mape）分别为0.98/0.97、2.8/1.3°C和3.8% / 5.0%。与MODIS产品相比，平均相关系数、rmse和mape分别为0.94/0.90、4.8/1.9°C和6.1% / 7.4%，获得了类似的性能。这些结果证明了利用北斗卫星导航系统检索的分钟级k指数和Showalter指数进行气象研究的可行性。最后，将模拟的两个大气稳定性指数应用于2024年北京及其周边地区发生的3次有代表性的对流事件。两个指数的时间分析清楚地揭示了对流事件的发生和持续过程。此外，基于两种大气稳定指数的预报结果显示了它们对对流降水的预测潜力。北斗系统反演的分钟级大气稳定指数可作为监测和临近预报大气对流的有用指标。

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引用次数: 0

Retrieving atmospheric water vapor profiles over Europe combining NOAA-20/CrIS and ground-based GNSS-PWV data 结合NOAA-20/CrIS和地面GNSS-PWV数据检索欧洲大气水汽剖面

IF 4.4 2区地球科学 Q1 METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES

Atmospheric Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108666

Jingyuan Zhang , Qinglan Zhang , Shirong Ye , Hong Hu , Yanlan Wu , Peng Jiang

Accurate retrieval of water vapor vertical profiles is crucial for numerical weather prediction and climate change research. To address the problems of low spatiotemporal resolution and strong susceptibility to cloud interference in traditional sounding methods, this study proposes combining infrared hyperspectral data with ground-based GNSS observations and applying machine learning techniques to improve the accuracy of water vapor profile retrievals. Using NOAA-20/CrIS infrared hyperspectral data combined with GNSS-derived Precipitable Water Vapor (GNSS-PWV) observations, water vapor vertical profiles over Europe were retrieved based on Transformer and Random Forest (RF) models. Radiosonde data from IGRA were used as the reference truth, and the results were compared with the official CrIS product (CrIS-EDR). The results show that, under clear-sky conditions, incorporating GNSS-PWV data reduced the average RMSE of the Transformer and RF models by approximately 23.7% and 44.9%, respectively, achieving overall accuracy comparable to the CrIS-EDR product. Under cloudy conditions, both models using CrIS data alone exhibited accuracy similar to CrIS-EDR; however, the inclusion of GNSS-PWV data led to reductions in RMSE of approximately 28.4% and 37.8% for the Transformer and RF models, respectively, relative to retrievals based solely on CrIS data, with the BIAS values further improved compared with the CrIS-EDR product. Overall, the joint retrieval using infrared hyperspectral and ground-based GNSS-PWV data significantly enhances the accuracy of specific humidity profile retrievals, showing clear advantages over the CrIS-EDR product, particularly under cloudy conditions.

水汽垂直廓线的准确反演对数值天气预报和气候变化研究至关重要。针对传统探测方法时空分辨率低、易受云干扰的问题，提出将红外高光谱数据与地面GNSS观测数据相结合，应用机器学习技术提高水汽廓线反演精度。利用NOAA-20/CrIS红外高光谱数据，结合gnss衍生的可降水量（GNSS-PWV）观测数据，基于Transformer和Random Forest （RF）模型反演了欧洲地区的水汽垂直剖面。IGRA的探空数据作为参考真值，并与CrIS官方产品（crisr - edr）进行比较。结果表明，在晴空条件下，结合GNSS-PWV数据可将Transformer和RF模型的平均RMSE分别降低约23.7%和44.9%，总体精度与crisr - edr产品相当。在多云条件下，单独使用CrIS数据的两种模型都显示出与crisr - edr相似的精度；然而，与仅基于CrIS数据的检索相比，纳入GNSS-PWV数据导致Transformer和RF模型的RMSE分别降低了约28.4%和37.8%，BIAS值与criss - edr产品相比进一步提高。总体而言，利用红外高光谱和地面GNSS-PWV数据联合检索可以显著提高特定湿度廓线检索的精度，明显优于crisr - edr产品，特别是在多云条件下。

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引用次数: 0

Regulation of the western pacific subtropical high in regional ozone pollution in the Yangtze river delta region, china: Local accumulation and regional transport 西太平洋副热带高压对长江三角洲区域臭氧污染的调控：局地积累与区域输送

IF 4.4 2区地球科学 Q1 METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES

Atmospheric Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108669

Lijuan Shen , Tianliang Zhao , Yongqing Bai , Shuangshuang Shi , Yiwei Diao , Honglei Wang , Jiayu Wang , Zuxin Xie

Regional ozone pollution has emerged as a key challenge within China's Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan, thus, comprehensively understanding its formation mechanism is essential for continuous improvement of air quality in China. Here, an overall increase of 5.1 % in near-surface ozone concentrations is observed during 2014–2023 in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region. The annual average number of regional pollution days in YRD stands at 32.7 over the recent ten years, and a significant rising trend of ozone levels on regional clean days is also noticed. This highlights the persistent nature of ozone pollution and the critical need for targeted control strategies in YRD. Our study reveals that the western Pacific Subtropical High shifts significantly southward (SWPSH) on regional pollution days compared to clean days, which results in intensified surface shortwave radiation, suppressed rainfall, weakened horizontal winds near the surface, and the development of an anomalous anticyclone with associated subsiding airflows over YRD. Such conditions are greatly beneficial to the accumulation of ozone by restraining air outflows after its enhanced photochemical formation in YRD. Subsequently, based on the GEOS-Chem simulation, we notice that local ozone, which is the dominant contributor to the surface ozone in YRD, has a positive concentration anomaly of 6.9 μg·m⁻³ (accounting for 44.7 % to the total ozone anomaly in YRD, the same as below) on regional pollution days. Furthermore, the North China Plain (NCP) and Twain-Hu Region (THR) ozone together exhibit high anomalies of 4.5 μg·m⁻³ (28.7 %) in YRD on these pollution days, which are driven by the abnormally northwestern and southwestern winds in source regions of NCP and THR, respectively. In addition to the substantial role of local ozone production, this study emphasizes the exceptional importance of regional ozone transport regulated by the SWPSH-driven anticyclone for ozone pollution in YRD, thereby providing a scientific basis for coordinated air quality management.

区域臭氧污染已成为中国大气污染防治行动计划的重点挑战，全面了解其形成机制对持续改善中国空气质量至关重要。2014-2023年，长三角地区近地表臭氧浓度总体上升5.1%。近十年，长三角的年平均区域污染日数为32.7天，而区域洁净日的臭氧水平亦有显著上升的趋势。这凸显了臭氧污染的持久性，以及在长三角制定有针对性的控制策略的迫切需要。研究表明，与晴空日相比，西太平洋副热带高压在区域污染日显著南移，导致地面短波辐射增强，降水受到抑制，近地面水平风减弱，长三角上空形成异常反气旋并伴有下沉气流。这样的条件对臭氧在长三角增强的光化学形成后的空气流出有抑制作用，有利于臭氧的积累。随后，基于GEOS-Chem模拟，我们注意到，在区域污染日，作为长三角地表臭氧主要贡献者的局地臭氧出现了6.9 μg·m−3的正浓度异常（占长三角总臭氧异常的44.7%，下同）。此外，华北平原和双湖地区的臭氧在污染日表现出4.5 μg·m−3（28.7%）的高异常，这是由华北平原和双湖地区的西北风和西南风的异常驱动的。除了局部臭氧产生的重要作用外，本研究还强调了西南偏压驱动的反气旋调节区域臭氧输送对长三角臭氧污染的特殊重要性，从而为协调空气质量管理提供了科学依据。

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引用次数: 0

Bias correction of subseasonal to seasonal precipitation forecasts over the Tibetan Plateau based on CMA climate prediction models

IF 4.4 2区地球科学 Q1 METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES

Atmospheric Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108667

Xinyu Chen , Minhong Song , Ziqiang Zhou , Yaqi Wang , Tongwen Wu , Zhiqiang Lin

Based on the hindcast data from the operational climate prediction model of the China Meteorological Administration (CMA), the correction effects of precipitation prediction biases over the Tibetan Plateau during summer, particularly in July from 2006 to 2020, were systematically evaluated using the non-parametric percentile mapping (CDF) and Kalman filter-type adaptive (KEM) bias correction methods. The results indicate that the CDF method performs better in correcting systematic biases, while the KEM method shows more significant improvements in spatial correlation and anomalous trends. On the seasonal scale, the CDF method effectively reduces the overall systematic precipitation bias in the plateau region, especially decreasing bias by 80 % in the south, with an overall spatial correlation ranging between 0.72 and 0.79, while the KEM method mainly reduces precipitation bias in the central plateau by 60 % to 80 %, achieving spatial correlations above 0.8 in six years. On the subseasonal scale, both bias correction methods exhibit effects on bias and spatial correlation similar to those observed on the seasonal scale, resulting in a modest improvement in the ability to discriminate precipitation events, with an increase of 0.01 in the area under the ROC curve (AROC). The KEM method effectively enhances the prediction capability for precipitation anomaly trends by increasing the overall PS score by 6.34, reaching 84.59. Particularly for precipitation prediction correction at varying thresholds in July, the KEM method yields results that more closely align with observations, demonstrating optimal performance for moderate to heavy precipitation. In summary, CDF and KEM are functionally complementary: CDF removes pointwise systematic bias and standardizes amplitude distributions, and applying KEM subsequently to the CDF-corrected fields restores spatial–phase coherence, refines the spatial structure of anomaly trends, and suppresses low-end outliers. Combining the two methods in a “CDF first, then KEM” sequence and integrating outputs via performance-driven weighted fusion leverages their respective strengths without requiring additional observations, enabling more targeted improvement of precipitation anomaly-trend correction across sub-seasonal to seasonal transition scales over complex plateau terrain.

结果表明，CDF方法对系统偏差的校正效果更好，而KEM方法对空间相关性和异常趋势的校正效果更显著。在季节尺度上，CDF方法有效地降低了高原地区整体系统降水偏倚，特别是在南部地区减少了80%，总体空间相关系数在0.72 ~ 0.79之间，而KEM方法主要将高原中部地区的降水偏倚降低了60% ~ 80%，6年的空间相关系数在0.8以上。在亚季节尺度上，两种偏差校正方法对偏差和空间相关性的影响与季节尺度相似，导致判别降水事件的能力略有提高，ROC曲线下面积（AROC）增加了0.01。KEM方法有效增强了对降水异常趋势的预测能力，PS总分提高了6.34分，达到84.59分。特别是对于7月份不同阈值的降水预测校正，KEM方法的结果与观测结果更接近，显示出对中到强降水的最佳表现。综上所述，CDF和KEM在功能上是互补的：CDF消除了点向的系统偏差并标准化了振幅分布，随后将KEM应用于CDF校正后的场，恢复了空间相位相干性，细化了异常趋势的空间结构，抑制了低端异常值。将两种方法以“先CDF后KEM”的顺序结合起来，并通过性能驱动的加权融合整合输出，利用各自的优势，而不需要额外的观测，从而可以更有针对性地改善复杂高原地形上亚季节到季节过渡尺度的降水异常趋势校正。

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引用次数: 0

Enhancing short-term PWV prediction through GNSS and ERA5 data fusion 通过GNSS和ERA5数据融合增强短期PWV预测

IF 4.4 2区地球科学 Q1 METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES

Atmospheric Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108663

Yuxuan Cao , Jun Tang , Hetu Li , Yibin Yao , Liang Zhang , Chaoqian Xu

To address the issues of low accuracy and limited spatial resolution in traditional single data source precipitable water vapor (PWV) predictions, based on the strong spatiotemporal characteristics of PWV, we constructed a high-accuracy, high-spatial-resolution continuous real-time PWV prediction model based on multi-source PWV data fusion. The PWV data include Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) PWV and the fifth generation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ERA5) PWV. Feature engineering is incorporated into the traditional Transformer and long short-term memory (LSTM) models to improve their feature extraction abilities for time series data. The real-time PWV monitoring is achieved by the short-term sliding window technique in the prediction models. Results show that the root mean square error (RMSE) of the Transformer predictions based on fused PWV decreases from 1.596 mm to 1.253 mm, a reduction of 21.49 %, while the correlation coefficient (R) increased from 0.967 to 0.979, an improvement of 1.24 %. For the LSTM predictions, RMSE decreases from 1.601 mm to 1.3 mm, a reduction of 18.83 %, and R increased from 0.967 to 0.979, an improvement of 1.24 %. The fused PWV data outperforms the sole ERA5 PWV in real-time monitoring, and the Transformer model performs better than the LSTM model in short-term PWV predictions.

针对传统单数据源可降水量（PWV）预测精度低、空间分辨率有限的问题，基于PWV较强的时空特征，构建了基于多源PWV数据融合的高精度、高空间分辨率连续实时预报模型。PWV数据包括全球导航卫星系统（GNSS） PWV和第五代欧洲中期天气预报中心（ERA5） PWV。将特征工程引入到传统的Transformer模型和长短期记忆（LSTM）模型中，以提高它们对时间序列数据的特征提取能力。在预测模型中采用短期滑动窗口技术，实现了水波电压的实时监测。结果表明，基于融合PWV的变压器预测均方根误差（RMSE）从1.596 mm降低到1.253 mm，降低了21.49%，相关系数(R)从0.967提高到0.979，提高了1.24%。LSTM预测的RMSE从1.601 mm减小到1.3 mm，减小18.83%，R从0.967增大到0.979，提高1.24%。融合的PWV数据在实时监测方面优于单一的ERA5 PWV， Transformer模型在短期PWV预测方面优于LSTM模型。

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引用次数: 0

Multiscale structural characteristics of the Vortex Rossby Wave of Super Typhoon Lekima (1909) and its interaction with the mean flow 超级台风利基玛（1909）涡旋罗斯比波的多尺度结构特征及其与平均气流的相互作用

IF 4.4 2区地球科学 Q1 METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES

Atmospheric Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108665

Guitong Dong , Yongqing Wang , Li Tao

The multi-scale structural characteristics of Vortex Rossby Wave (VRW) propagating in the inner and outer eyewalls as well as spiral rainbands are examined. This is done by applying the Multiscale Window Transform (MWT) and the MWT-based localized multiscale energy and vorticity analysis method (MS-EVA) to a successful high-resolution simulation of Super Typhoon Lekima (1909) with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, and then decomposing and reconstructing geopotential, temperature, three-dimensional wind fields, potential vorticity (PV), radar reflectivity and vertical relative vorticity into the following three spatial scales: mean vortex flow, low-wavenumber and high-wavenumber flows. Results show that both low-wavenumber and high-wavenumber waves conform to VRW's wind-pressure relationship, demonstrating MWT's advantage in capturing VRW's local structures. Based on MS-EVA, this study illustrates during secondary eyewall formation and contraction (1) three types of wave-mean flow interactions manifested by VRW (cross-scale kinetic energy transfer, large-scale kinetic energy transport by small-scale waves, and cross-scale enstrophy transfer) and (2) basic-flow-scale kinetic energy transport and pressure work, illustrating their impact mechanisms on basic-flow-scale kinetic energy variations in the secondary eyewall.

研究了涡旋罗斯比波（VRW）在内、外眼壁和螺旋雨带中传播的多尺度结构特征。利用多尺度窗口变换（MWT）和基于MWT的局域多尺度能量涡度分析方法（MS-EVA），利用WRF模式对1909年超级台风Lekima进行了成功的高分辨率模拟，并将位势、温度、三维风场、位涡度（PV）、雷达反射率和垂直相对涡度分解重建为以下三个空间尺度：平均涡旋流、低波数流和高波数流。结果表明，低波数波和高波数波均符合VRW的风压关系，证明了MWT在捕获VRW局部结构方面的优势。基于MS-EVA分析，阐述了在二次眼壁形成和收缩过程中(1)以VRW为代表的三种波-均流相互作用（跨尺度动能传递、小尺度波大尺度动能传递和跨尺度熵传递）和(2)基本流尺度动能传递和压力功，阐述了它们对二次眼壁基本流尺度动能变化的影响机制。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of urban air pollution on the fair-weather electric field in the Tel-Aviv, Israel metropolitan area 城市空气污染对以色列特拉维夫市区晴天电场的影响

IF 4.4 2区地球科学 Q1 METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES

Atmospheric Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108661

Roy Yaniv , Itay Froomer , Yoav Yair , Assaf Hochman

The atmospheric electric field in fair-weather conditions, typically quantified by the Potential Gradient (PG, which is the inverse of the vertical component of the electric field), is a fundamental element of the global electric circuit. It is sensitive to multiple scales of influence, including global atmospheric dynamics, local meteorological conditions (e.g., dust, fog, clouds), and anthropogenic factors such as air pollution. In this study, we analyze PG measurements from a newly deployed electric field mill installed in the metropolitan area of Tel-Aviv area, the urban part of central Israel, which has been operational since August 2024. This instrument is part of a broader observational network that includes nearby meteorological and air quality monitoring stations, allowing for a comprehensive assessment of the factors influencing PG variability.

Focusing on fair-weather conditions, we investigate both diurnal, weekly, and seasonal patterns of PG and their relation to pollutant concentrations. Our findings reveal a distinct temporal correlation between the PG and NOₓ levels during the morning and evening rush hours, indicating rapid atmospheric responses to traffic-related emissions. In contrast, elevated PM2.5 concentrations are associated with a delayed PG response, likely due to their longer atmospheric residence time and different microphysical interactions. Furthermore, a pronounced ‘weekend effect’ is observed, with reduced pollution and correspondingly altered PG values on weekends compared with weekdays, highlighting the measurable impact of human activity on atmospheric electricity.

These results enhance our understanding of the interplay between urban air pollution and the local electric field, and emphasize the importance of integrating air quality data into atmospheric electricity studies, particularly in densely populated regions where anthropogenic influences are pronounced, with implications for public health.

晴天条件下的大气电场，通常由势梯度（PG，电场垂直分量的倒数）来量化，是全球电路的基本要素。它对多种尺度的影响很敏感，包括全球大气动力学、当地气象条件（如沙尘、雾、云）和人为因素（如空气污染）。在本研究中，我们分析了安装在以色列中部城市特拉维夫地区大都市区的新部署的电场磨的PG测量结果，该工厂自2024年8月以来一直在运行。该仪器是一个更广泛的观测网络的一部分，该网络包括附近的气象和空气质量监测站，可以对影响PG变率的因素进行全面评估。在晴朗的天气条件下，我们研究了PG的日、周和季节模式及其与污染物浓度的关系。我们的研究结果揭示了早高峰和晚高峰期间PG和NOₓ水平之间明显的时间相关性，表明大气对交通相关排放的快速反应。相比之下，PM2.5浓度升高与PG反应延迟有关，这可能是由于它们在大气中的停留时间较长以及不同的微物理相互作用。此外，观察到明显的“周末效应”，与工作日相比，周末污染减少，PG值相应改变，突出了人类活动对大气电的可测量影响。这些结果增强了我们对城市空气污染与当地电场之间相互作用的理解，并强调了将空气质量数据纳入大气电研究的重要性，特别是在人口密集地区，人为影响明显，对公共卫生有影响。

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引用次数: 0